UNIT 3

GRAMMAR
1.-DEMONSTRATIVES
(DEMOSTRATIVOS)

3.-SIMPLE PRESENT
(PRESENTE SIMPLE)
3.1.-AFFIRMATIVE FORM
(FORMA AFIRMATIVA DEL VERBO)

SINGULAR
English

Spanish

this

TO WALK (andar)
Simple present / Affirmative form
English
Spanish

este/ a/ o
ese/ a/ o

that

1st S I walk

aquel/ aquella/ o

(yo) ando
(t) andas

2nd S you walk

(usted) anda
THAT

3rd S he/she/it walks

(l/ ella/ *ello) anda

1st P we walk

(nosotros/ as) andamos

(vosotros/ as) andis

2nd P you walk

(ustedes) andan
3rd P they walk

(ellos/ as) andan

La forma del presente simple se forma quitando la

partcula "to" al infinitivo (to walk, andar; I walk, yo
ando). Es invariable para todas las personas excepto
para la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it)
que aade una "-s" o la slaba "-es" (se aplica la regla
de ortografa del plural de los sustantivos).

THIS

3.2.-NEGATIVE FORM
(FORMA NEGATIVA DEL VERBO)

PLURAL
English
these
those

Spanish
estos/ as
esos/ as

you do not walk

2nd S you dont walk

aquellos/ as

2.-INFINITIVE, PAST PARTICIPLE AND GERUND

(FORMAS IMPERSONALES DEL VERBO)
English
INFINITIVE

to walk

TO WALK (andar)
Simple present / Negative form
English
Spanish
I
do
not
walk
(yo) no ando
1st S I dont walk

Spanish

you do not walk

2nd P you dont walk
they do not walk
3rd P they dont walk

walked

andado

GERUND

walking

andando

(usted) no anda

he/she/it does not walk

3rd S he/she/it doesnt walk (l/ ella/ *ello) no anda
we do not walk
(nosotros/ as) no andamos
1st P we dont walk

andar

PAST
PARTICIPLE

(t) no andas

(vosotros/ as) no andis

(ustedes) no andan
(ellos/ as) no andan

En ingls la forma negativa del verbo se forma con

el auxiliar "to do" en forma negativa, "do not" (dont).
Esto ocurre con todas las personas, salvo en el caso
de la tercera persona del singular, que se forma con
"does not" (doesnt.)
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Examples:
AFFIRMATIVE
English

NEGATIVE
English
I dont eat

Spanish
(yo) como
(t) andas
(vosotros/ as) andis
(usted) anda
(ustedes) andan
(l) bebe
(ella) ama
llueve
(nosotros/ as) conducimos
(ellos/ as) nadan

I eat

you walk

he drinks
she loves
it rains
we drive
they swim

you do not walk

he does not drink

she doesnt love
it does not rain
we dont drive
they do not swim

Spanish
(yo) no como
(t) no andas
(vosotros/ as) no andis
(usted) no anda
(ustedes) no andan
(l) no bebe
(ella) no ama
no llueve
(nosotros/ as)noconducimos
(ellos/as) nadan

4.-THE TIME
(LA HORA)
five oclock
(cinco en punto)

What time is it?

(Qu hora es?)

It is...
Its...
(Son las...)
(Es la...)

ten to five
(cinco menos diez)

ten past five

(cinco y diez)

a quarter to five
(cinco menos cuarto)

a quarter past five

(cinco y cuarto)

half past five

(las cinco y media)
noon
(medioda)
midnight
(medianoche)

Como se ve en el cuadro, en ingls para decir

la hora se utilizan las expresiones:
"o'clock" (en punto);
"half past" (y media);
"to" (menos);
"past" (y);
oclock

"noon" (medioda);
"midnight" (medianoche).
A excepcin de la expresin "It is ... o'clock"
(son las/ es la ... en punto) la cifra que indica las
horas se pospone a la cifra o expresin que
indica los minutos:
English

to

Spanish

It is half past one.

Es la una y media.

It is twenty to ten.

Son las diez menos veinte.

It is nine oclock.

Son las nueve en punto.

past
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DAILY

SPEAKING

1.-THE TIME
(LA HORA)

What time is it?

Its half past five

Are you sure?

Nuria:
Nuria:

What time is it?

Qu hora es?

Alicia:
Alicia:

Its half past five.

Son las cinco y media.

Nuria:
Nuria:

Are you sure?

Ests segura?

Alicia:
Alicia:

Yes, Im.
S, lo estoy.

Nuria:
Nuria:

Oh! My watch doesnt work!

Thank you very much.
Vaya! No me funciona el reloj!
Muchas gracias.

Alicia:
Alicia:

You are welcome.

De nada.

Yes, I am

Oh! My watch doesnt

work! Thank you very
much

You are welcome

2.-HOW ARE YOU?

(CMO ESTS?)

Bye!
Hi, Nuria!

Hi, Alicia!
How are you?

... Im not fine...

Im very tired

I usually get up at
seven oclock, but today
I got up at half past five
Lately I dont sleep
very well...

Why?

Maybe... Oh, its too

late! I have to go home!
Bye, see you soon!

Really?
Take some
sleeping pills

Alicia:
Alicia:

Hi, Nuria!
Hola, Nuria!

Nuria:
Nuria:

Really?
De veras?

Nuria:
Nuria:

Hi, Alicia! How are you?

Hola, Alicia! Cmo ests?

Alicia:
Alicia:

Lately I dont sleep very well

ltimamente no duermo muy bien

Alicia:
Alicia:

Im not fine Im very tired.

No estoy bien Estoy muy cansada.

Nuria:
Nuria:

Take some sleeping pills.

Toma somnferos.

Nuria:
Nuria:

Why?
Por qu?

Alicia:

Maybe Oh, it is too late! I have to go

home! Bye, see you soon!
Tal vez Vaya, es muy tarde! Me tengo
que ir a casa! Adis, hasta luego!

Alicia:
Alicia:

Alicia:
I usually get up at seven oclock, but
today I got up at half past five.
Me suelo levantar a siete en punto, pero hoy Nuria:
me he levantado a las cinco y media.
Nuria:
- 29 -

Bye!
Adis!

CIVILIAN

VOCABULARY

1.-FAMILY AND RELATIONSHIP

(LA FAMILIA Y PARENTESCOS)

English

Spanish

husband

marido, esposo

wife

mujer, esposa

father

padre

mother

madre

parents

padres [padre y madre]

son

hijo

daughter

hija

children

hijos [hijos e hijas]

brother

hermano

sister

hermana

aunt

ta

uncle

to

cousin

primo/ a

grandmother

abuela

grandfather

abuelo

grandparents

abuelos [abuelo y abuela]

granddaughter

nieta

grandson

nieto

grandchildren

nietos/ as

nephew

sobrino

niece

sobrina

brother-in-law

cuado

sister-in-law

cuada

daugther-in-law

nuera

son-in-law

yerno

mother-in-law

suegra

father-in-law

suegro

grandfather and grandson

husband and wife

mothers and children

Examples:
English

Spanish

My grandmother is my mothers mother.

Mi abuela es la madre de mi madre.

My cousin got married last year.

Mi primo se cas el ao pasado.

My brother is very kind.

Mi hermano es muy agradable.

I do not get along with my mother-in-law.

No me llevo bien con mi suegra.

- 30 -

2.-MEALS I
(LAS COMIDAS I)

breakfast
(desayuno)
to have breakfast
(desayunar)

lunch
(almuerzo)
to have lunch
(almorzar)

lemond
(limn)

vegetable
(verdura)

tea time
(hora del t)
to have a cup of tea
(tomar una taza de t)

dinner
(cena)
to have dinner
(cenar)

orange
(naranja)

potato
(patata)

fruit
(fruta)

fish
(pescado)

meat
(carne)

eggs
(huevos)

milk
(leche)

dessert
(postre)

Examples:
English

Spanish

I usually have eggs for breakfast.

Normalmente tomo huevos para desayunar.

In Great Britain people have lunch at midday.

En Gran Bretaa la gente almuerza a medioda.

I invited some friends for dinner.

Invit a algunos amigos a cenar.

READING

COMPREHENSION

1.-MY FAMILY
(MI FAMILIA)

I am Sarah. My mothers name is Anne. My

father's name is Paul. I have one brother. His
name is Richard and he is seven years old. My
mother's parents are my grandparents. My
grandmother likes singing and my grandfather
likes painting. I am my grandparents
granddaughter. My parent's brothers and sisters
are my uncles and aunts. I have four uncles and
five aunts and I am their niece. Their sons and
daughters are my cousins. One day I hope I get
married to a nice man (my husband) and have
lots of children.

AUNT

UNCLE

FATHER

GRANDFATHER

MOTHER

GRANDMOTHER

SARAH
BROTHER

COUSIN

2.- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

(CONTESTA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS)
1) What are my parents' names?
2) How old is my brother?
3) Who are my aunt's sons and daughters?

- 31 -

MILITARY

TERMS

1.-UNITS AND COMMAND SCHELONS

(UNIDADES Y ESCALONES DE MANDO)
English

squad

section

platoon

Spanish

fire team

escuadra

task force

agrupacin tctica

battalion task group

grupo tctico
battalion group
company task force

company

brigade

battalion

division

Whats that unit?

Cul es esa unidad?

Corporal:

Its the second Rifle Company of

the 3rd battalion.
Es la segunda Compaa de
Fusiles del tercer Batalln.
Whos the commander?
Quin es el jefe?

Corporal:
Cabo:

Captain Mayoral.
El Capitn Mayoral.

Private:
Soldado:

Thats right, and the deputy?

Bien, y el oficial segundo en el
mando?

Corporal:

Lieutenant Glvez. Hes just

arrived. Hes commanding the
2nd Rifle Platoon.
El Teniente Glvez. Se acaba de
incorporar. Va a mandar la segunda
Seccin de Fusiles.

Private:
Soldado:

brigade headquarters

cuartel general de brigada

chain of command

cadena de mando

commander

jefe

company commander

jefe de compaa

deputy officer

oficial segundo en el mando

leader

lder

Whats that unit?

Private:
Soldado:

Cabo:

rama; arma

CONVERSATION

Private:
Soldado:

Cabo:

branch

corps

army

MILITARY

subgrupo tctico

company/ squadron
team

regiment

He looks very young.

Parece muy joven.

- 32 -

Its the second

Rifle Company of
the 3rd battalion

Whos the
commander?

Captain Mayoral

Thats right, and the

deputy?

Lieutenant Glvez.
Hes just arrived.
Hes commanding
the 2nd Rifle Platoon

He looks very young

EXERCISES
FAMILY TREE
(RBOL GENEALGICO)

Alfred

Joshua

Joan

William

Bob

Caroline

Alex

Emily

1) FILL EACH

Hannah

Peter

Susanne

OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS ACCORDING

TO THE FAMILY TREE.

Mary

John

Paul

2) FILL EACH

OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS ACCORDING

TO THE FAMILY TREE.

a) (JOHN) Alex and Emily are my...

a) Alex and Emily are my cousins.

a) Caroline is Joshua and Peter's

a) Caroline is Joshua and Peter's sister.

b) (PETER) Mary is my
b) ____________________________.

b) Joan and Alfred are Joshua's

b) ____________________________.

c) (MARY) Peter is my
c) ____________________________.

c) Mary is Alex and Emily's

c) ____________________________.

d) (JOHN) Paul is my
d) ____________________________.

d) Alex and Emily are John's

d) ____________________________.

e) (HANNAH) Peter is my
e) ____________________________.

e) Susanne is Caroline's
e) ____________________________.

f) (WILLIAM) John is my
f) ____________________________.

f) Susanne is Mary's
f) ____________________________.

g) (JOAN) Mary is my
g) ____________________________.

g) Peter is Alex and Emily's

g) ____________________________.

h) (ALFRED) Emily is my
h) ____________________________.

h) Joan is Paul's
h) ____________________________.

i) (PAUL) Joan and Hannah are my

i) ____________________________.

i) Bob is Peter's
i) ____________________________.

j) (CAROLINE) Paul is my
j) ____________________________.

j) Alex is Peter's
j) ____________________________.

k) (PETER) Emily is my
k) ____________________________.

k) Hannah is Peter's
k) ____________________________.
- 33 -

3) MATCH

TIMES

1)

TO

5)

SENTENCES A) TO E).

English terms

Spanish terms

1) It is seven oclock in the morning

a) I have lunch

2) It is midnight

b) I have dinner

3) It is a quarter past two in the afternoon

c) I wake up

4) It is ten to ten in the evening

d) I go to bed

5) It is nine oclock in the morning

e) I go to work

4) LOOK AT

THE WATCHES AND WRITE THE TIME.

5) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS BY INSERTING

THIS, THESE, THAT OR THOSE.
a) (Aquellos) Those boys are my friends.

a) 12:00
a) It is twelve oclock/
It is midday/ It is noon

b) I live with (estos) _____ boys.

c) (Esa) _____ woman is her mother.
d) I love (ese) _____ car.

b) 13:45
b) ______________________

e) (Esos) _____ cats are wild.

f) My father says (estas) _____ words.
g) They go to (aquella) _____ city.

c) 02:15
c) ______________________

h) You smell (aquellas) _____ flowers.

6) FILL

EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS WITH A

SUITABLE WORD OF THE BOX.

d) 19:40
d) ______________________

e) 09:35
e) ______________________

eggs

vegetable

car

milk

past

oranges

midnight

wake up

fruit

lemons

o'clock

meat

potatoes

television

a) I wake up at seven oclock. For breakfast I

have toast, one glass of _____ and an orange
juice. At half _____ seven I go to work by
_____.

f) 17:10
f) ______________________

g) 20:05
g) ______________________

b) Vegetarian people do not eat _____. They eat

_____ and _____.
c) Spanish omelette is made of _____ and _____.

h) 00:00
h) ______________________

d) _____ and _____ are rich in vitamin C.

e) I go to bed at _____ and I watch _____.
- 34 -

7) MATCH

WORDS

1)

TO

8)

WITH WORDS A) TO H).

English terms

Spanish Terms

1) Army

a) Cuarter General de Brigada

2) Task Force

b) Regimiento

3) NATO

c) Agrupacin Tctica

4) Brigade Headquarters

d) Ejrcito

5) Squad

e) Seccin

6) Regiment

f) Escuadra

7) Branch

g) OTAN

8) Platoon

h) Arma, Rama (Inf., Art., Cab., etc.)

8) MAKE

SENTENCES WITH THE FOLLOWING WORDS.

a) mother's /My / my/ aunt/ sister /is

a) My mother's sister is my aunt.
b) wake up /I /past /seven /at /half
b) ______________________________.
c) soup /dinner /take / for/I /take
c) ______________________________.
d) mine /books /are /These
d) ______________________________.

e) expensive /car /Julian's/ very /is

e) ______________________________.
f) with /whisky /drink /I /soda
f) ______________________________.

- 35 -