UNIT 6

GRAMMAR
Examples:

1.THERE IS AND THERE ARE SENTENCES AND PARTITIVES

(IMPERSONALES CON THERE IS Y THERE ARE Y PARTITIVOS)

English

1.1. THERE IS AND THERE ARE SENTENCES

(ORACIONES CON THERE IS Y THERE ARE)

There are some children in the house.

Spanish

Algunas de las oraciones impersonales en

presente, que en espaol se forman con hay se
construyen en ingls utilizando there is (para
hacer referencia a la existencia de un objeto, ser,
etc.) o there are (para hacer referencia a la
existencia de ms de un objeto, ser, etc.), en ingls,
a diferencia de lo que ocurre en espaol, el verbo
de estas oraciones concuerda con el sujeto. En
espaol, sin embargo, se utiliza una misma forma
verbal (hay) para referirse a la existencia tanto de
uno como de varios objetos, seres, fenmenos, etc.

Hay algunos nios en la casa.

English
I have some friends at school.
Spanish
Tengo algunos amigos en el colegio.

English
Pay me some attention.
Spanish

Las oraciones interrogativas se construyen

anteponiendo la forma verbal is o are a
there y a continuacin se colocan el sujeto y
los complementos si los hubiera.

Prsteme un poco de atencin.

English
He gave some credit to him.
Spanish

Examples:

Le dio algn crdito.

Simple present
English
Singular
Affirmative

Negative

Question

There is a boy.

En espaol es muy frecuente omitir las

palabras que expresan particin, sin embargo,
en ingls es muy frecuente el uso de some
para expresar esta idea; por lo tanto, en muchas
ocasiones cuando en ingls se usa some en
espaol no se usa ningn tipo de partcula
partitiva.

Plural

There are five boys.

There isnt any boy. There arent five boys.

Is there any boy?

Are there five boys?

English

Spanish

1.2.-THE USE OF SOME

(EL USO DE SOME)

I shall take some wine.

Tomar vino.

Some equivale en espaol a algo, un poco

de, una pequea cantidad de, algn,
alguno(s) alguna(s) o cualquier otra expresin
que transmita la idea de particin indeterminada.

Give me some bread.

Dame pan.

-59-

Al igual que con some, puede que en la

El uso de some suele restringirse a las
oraciones afirmativas, sin embargo, tambin traduccin hacia el espaol de una oracin en
puede utilizarse en oraciones interrogativas la que se emplee any, esta partcula no se
cuando se espera una respuesta afirmativa, traduzca por nada.
como por ejemplo cuando se ofrece alguna
Examples:
cosa, especialmente si la pregunta
interrogativa se formula de forma negativa.
Examples:
English

Wont you take some more tea?

Spanish

No vas a tomar algo ms de t?

English

Wont you take some time to think about

the matter?

Spanish

No vas a tomarte algo de tiempo para

pensar sobre el asunto?

Do you need any help?

Spanish

Necesitas ayuda?

.
Asimismo, any puede emplearse en
oraciones afirmativas, pero entonces su
significado difiere del de some y debe
traducirse por cualquier(a).
Examples:

1.3.-THE USE OF ANY

(EL USO DE ANY)

English

Any, al igual que some, es un trmino

partitivo en ingls. Any se emplea en
oraciones negativas e interrogativas. En
espaol any puede traducirse por ningn,
ninguno(s), ninguna(s), algn, alguno(s)
o alguna(s).

English

Any day the war coud break out.

Spanish

Cualquier da la guerra podra estallar.

English

Any upset could kill him.

Spanish

Cualquier disgusto podra matarlo.

English

Its true, ask any doctor.

Examples:
English
There arent any cats in the kennel.
Spanish
Spanish Es cierto, pregntale a cualquier mdico.

No hay ningn gato en la perrera.

English
Is there any teacher in the garden?
Spanish

Por lo tanto, despus de explicar los usos de

some y any, podemos deducir que la
respuesta afirmativa a una oracin interrogativa
en la que se use any har uso de some.

Hay algn profesor en el jardn?

English

English
I dont have any brother.

Spanish

Have you got any sister? Tienes alguna hermana?

Spanish
Yes, I have got some.

No tengo ningn hermano.

-60-

Si, tengo (algunas).

2.-QUANTITIES
(CANTIDADES)

large
quantities

small
quantities

countable

uncountable

a lot(s) of
(muchos/ as)

a lot(s) of
(mucho/ a)

(not) many
([no] muchos/ as)

(not) much
([no] mucho/ a)

how many...?
(cuntos/ as...?)

how much...?
(cunto/ a...?)

a few
(pocos/ as)

a little
(poco/a)

very few
(muy pocos/ as)

very little
(muy poco/ a)

Muchos trminos ingleses que hacen

referencia a comidas son incontables, sin
embargo los envases que las contienen son
contables.
Examples:
English

How much water did they drink?

Spanish

Cunta agua bebieron?

English

How many bottles of water did they drink?

Spanish

Cuntas botellas de agua bebieron?

A continuacin vamos a ver algunos

ejemplos de las expresiones de cantidad ms 2.1.-THE USE OF TOO, TOO MUCH, TOO MANY,
comunes en ingls:
ENOUGH, NOT ENOUGH
(EL USO DE TOO, TOO MUCH, TOO MANY, ENOUGH,
Examples:
NOT ENOUGH)
Para expresar la idea de que hay algo en
exceso utilizaremos este tipo construcciones:

English

How many apples do you have?

Spanish

Cuntas manzanas tienes?

Examples:

English

I have only got a few tapes.

Spanish

Slo tengo unas pocas cintas.

English

They drank a lot of wine, not much

beer, and very little lemonade.

Spanish

Bebieron mucho vino, poca (no mucha)

cerveza y muy poca limonada.

English

Were there many people?

Spanish

Haba muchas personas?

English

How much money do you have?

Spanish

Cunto dinero tienes?

English

I have got a lot of books, but I havent

got many CDs.

Spanish Hay demasiadas sillas en esta habitacin.

Spanish

Tengo muchos libros, pero no tengo

muchos compacts.

English

I have much money.

Enough se escribe despus del adjetivo

pero antes del sustantivo y expresa la idea de
suficiencia, de tener todo lo que uno necesita.

Spanish

Tengo mucho dinero.

English

Was there much noise?

English

My screen is too small.

Id like a bigger one.

Spanish

Haba mucho ruido?

Spanish

Mi pantalla es demasiado pequea.

Me gustara una ms grande.

English

There are many people here.

English

My house is too big.

Id like a smaller one.

Spanish

Aqu hay mucha gente.

Spanish

Mi casa es demasiado grande.

Me gustara una ms pequea.

adjetivo

TOO +

much

sustantivo incontable

many

sustantivo contable

Ntese que, frecuentemente, las connotaciones

de este tipo de oraciones son negativas ya que
expresan una queja por ese exceso:
Examples:
English

I dont want to go out. Im too tired.

Spanish No quiero salir. Estoy demasiado cansado.

English

Im stressed. Ive got too much work.

Spanish Estoy estresado. Tengo demasiado trabajo.

English

There are too many chairs in this room.

Examples:

-61-

Examples:

En ingls, al contrario que en espaol, no se

debe negar dos veces. Por lo tanto, se utilizan
los compuestos anybody, anywhere y
anything cuando anteriormente se ha
negado.

English

Have you got enough money?

Spanish

Tienes suficiente dinero?

English

The table isnt big enough for six people.

Spanish

La mesa no es suficientemente grande

para seis personas.

English

English

There isnt enough food for everybody.

I cant see anything with this fog.

Spanish

No hay suficiente comida para todos.

Examples:

I can see nothing with this fog.

2.2.-SOME, ANY AND NO COMPOUNDS

(INDEFINIDOS CON SOME, ANY Y NO)

Spanish

Estos trminos, como se ve, son compuestos

de any y some, por lo tanto, se emplearn
en frases negativas, afirmativas e interrogativas
(de acuerdo con lo que se ha visto
anteriormente) con la funcin de pronombres
indefinidos.

No puedo ver nada con esta niebla.

English
They are trapped, they cant go anywhere.

Affirmative
They are trapped, they can go nowhere.

People

somebody / someone
alguien

Spanish

Things

something

Estn atrapados, no pueden ir a ninguna parte.

Places

somewhere

algo

alguna parte

English
There wasnt anybody in the party.

Negative
People

There was nobody in the party.

nobody / no one
nadie

Spanish
Things

Places

nothing

No haba nadie en la fiesta.

nada

Examples:

nowhere
ninguna parte

English

Are you doing anything tonight?

Spanish

Vas a hacer algo esta noche?

nadie, alguien, cualquier persona

English

I met somebody interesting last night.

anything

Spanish

Anoche conoc a alguien interesante.

English

Nobody turned up for the meeting.

Spanish

Nadie apareci en la reunin.

Negative and question

People

Things

Places

anybody / anyone

nada, algo, cualquier cosa

anywhere
ninguna parte, alguna parte, cualquier parte

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DAILY

SPEAKING

1.-AT THE HOTEL

(EN EL HOTEL)

Good evening, ladies!

Can I help you?
Let me check on the
computer. Thats right.
Would you like two single
rooms with a bathroom?

Receptionist: Good evening, ladies! Can I help you?

Recepcionista: Buenas noches, seoras! Puedo
ayudarles en algo?
Ive booked two single
rooms for Mrs. Smith and
Mrs. Johnson

Customer:
Cliente:

Yes, please

Ive booked two single rooms for

Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Johnson.
He reservado dos habitaciones individuales
a nombre de la Sra. Smith y Sra. Johnson.

Receptionist:

Let me check on the computer.

Thats right. Would you like two
single rooms with a bathroom?
Recepcionista: Djeme comprobarlo en el ordenador.
S, as es. Quieren dos habitaciones
individuales con bao?

How long are you going to

stay at this hotel for? Would
you like half or full board?
Were just going to stay
at this hotel for two days.
Wed like to have half
board

Customer:
Cliente:

Yes, please.
S, por favor.

Receptionist:

How long are you going to stay at

this hotel for? Would you like half or
full board?
Recepcionista: Cunto tiempo van a quedarse en este hotel?
Quieren media pensin o pensin completa?
May I see your
passports, please?

Customer:

Of course, here you are

Cliente:

Do we have to fill in any

form?

Were just going to stay at this hotel for

two days. Wed like to have half board.
Tan slo vamos a quedarnos en este hotel
dos das. Preferimos media pensin.

Receptionist: May I see your passports, please?

Recepcionista: Me pueden ensear sus pasaportes,
por favor?

Thank you very much

No, Ill do it for you

Customer:
Cliente:

Of course, here you are.

Por supuesto, aqu los tiene.

You are welcome

Customer:
Cliente:

Do we have to fill in any form?

Tenemos que rellenar alguna hoja de
registro de entrada?

Receptionist: No, Ill do it for you.

Recepcionista: No, lo har yo por ustedes.
Customer:
Cliente:

Thank you very much.

Muchas gracias.

Receptionist: You are welcome.

Recepcionista: De nada.
Customer:
Cliente:

Could you please wake us up at

seven a.m.?
Podra despertarnos a las siete de la
maana?

Could you please wake

us up at seven a.m.?

Receptionist: Of course, anything else?

Recepcionista: Por supuesto, desean algo ms?
Customer:
Cliente:

Could you change us pounds into

euros? Whats the exchange rate?
Podra cambiarnos libras por euros?
A cmo est el cambio?

The exchange rate is 1.3 euro to the

pound. How much would you like to
change?
Recepcionista: El cambio est a 1,3 euros por libra.
Cunto quieren cambiar?

Of course, anything else?

Could you change us

pounds into euros?
Whats the exchange rate?

Receptionist:

Customer:
Cliente:

50, please.
50 libras, por favor.
-63-

The exhange rate is 1,3 euro to

the pound. How much would
you like to change?

50, please

CIVILIAN

VOCABULARY

1.-PARTS OF THE HOUSE

(PARTES DE LA CASA)
English

Spanish

window

ventana

door

puerta

floor

suelo

roof

tejado

wall

pared

door

2.-ROOMS OF THE HOUSE

(HABITACIONES DE LA CASA)
English

living-room

kitchen

Spanish

bedroom

dormitorio

bathroom

cuarto de bao

kitchen

cocina

living-room

sala de estar

dining-room

comedor

garage

garaje

toilet

aseo

garden

jardn

3.-FURNITURE
(MOBILIARIO)
English

Spanish

armchair

silln

fridge

nevera

curtains

cortinas

cooker

hornilla

table

mesa

bed

cama

alarm clock

despertador

chair

silla

sofa

sof

television

televisin

lamp

lmpara

carpet

alfombra

closet

armario

vase

florero

blanket

manta

pillow

almohada

sheets

sbanas

bedside table

mesita de noche

ashtray

cenicero

drawer

cajn

matress

colchn

ashtray

lamp

-64-

alarm-clock

bed

4.-THE BATHROOM
(EL CUARTO DE BAO)
English

wash-basin

tap

tooth brush

Spanish

shower

ducha

wash-basin

lavabo

towel

toalla

soap

jabn

tap

grifo

sponge

esponja

tooth brush

cepillo de dientes

brush

cepillo

comb

peine

lotion

locin

comb

READING

COMPREHENSION

1.-THE HISTORY OF HARRODS

(LA HISTORIA DE HARRODS)

2.-ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F)?

(DI SI ESTAS ORACIONES SON VERDADERAS O FALASAS)

The tale begins with Charles Henry Harrod

who is a grocery wholesaler and a tea merchant.
He buys this store in 1849, and in 1889 it
becomes a public limited company, which sells
food, furniture, perfumes, jewellery and glass. In
1902 it becomes Londons biggest store and
remains like that throughout the 1920s and
1930s.
The Canadian Royal Navy and the Royal Air
Force use parts of the building during the
Second World War.
In 1985, the famous businessman Mohamed
Al Fayed buys it and decides to prepare it for the
decades ahead. Nowadays, Harrods is probably
the best and the most well known department
store in the world. Through constant innovation
and evolution it is in the forefront of the changing
trends.The stores motto is everything for
everyone everywhere. If you are in London,
dont miss the opportunity to come!

a) Charles Henry Harrod is a grocery

wholesaler and tea merchant.

T/F

b) The tale begins with Mohemend Al Fayed.

T/F

c) In 1889 it only sells food.

T/F

d) In 1902 it becomes Londons biggest

store.

T/F

e) The Canadian Royal Navy and the

Royal Air Force use parts of the
building during the First World War.

T/F

f) In 1985 the famous businessman

Mohamed Al Fayed buys Harrods.

T/F

g) Since 1985 Harrods is the best and the

most well known department store in
the world.

T/F

3.-ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

(CONTESTA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS)
1) When does Charles Henry Harrod buy the store?
2) What is the name of the famous businessman
who buys Harrods in 1985?

3) What is the stores motto?

-65-

MILITARY

TERMS

1.-LIGHT WEAPONRY
(ARMAMENTO LIGERO)
English

bayonet
mortar
pistol
sword
knife
revolver
burst
round
machine gun
rocket launcher
bullet
blank cartridge
live ammunition
shell
hand grenade
rate of fire
barrel
bore
chamber
flash suppressor
trigger
sub-machine gun
shoot

Spanish
bayoneta
mortero
pistola
espada
cuchillo
revlver
rfaga
disparo
ametralladora
lanzagranadas
bala
cartucho de fogueo
municin de guerra
granada de mortero
granada de mano
cadencia de fuego
can
nima
recmara
bocacha apagafuegos
disparador
subfusil
disparar

MILITARY

What are you doing?

Qu ests haciendo?

Private:
Soldado:

Im collecting ammunition for the

exercise we have tomorrow.
Estoy cogiendo municin para el ejercicio
que tenemos maana.

Private:
Soldado:

What kind of exercise is it about?

De qu tipo de ejercicio se trata?

Private:

Its a double action exercise, an

ambush drill.
Es un ejercicio de doble accin, un
ejercicio de emboscada.

Private:
Soldado:

Will it be carried out with live ammunition?

Se realizar con municin de guerra?

Private:

No, well shoot blank cartridges. By the

way, I must prepare the magazines.
No, usaremos cartuchos de fogueo. Por
cierto, tengo que preparar los cargadores.

Soldado:

knife-bayonet

machine gun
bullet

sub-machine gun

CONVERSATION

Private:
Soldado:

Soldado:

pistol

What are you doing?

Im collecting ammunition
for the exercise we have
tomorrow

What kind of
exercise is it about?

Will it be carried out

with live ammnuniton?

Its a double action

exercise, an ambush
drill

No, well shoot blank

cartridges. By the way, I
must prepare my
magazines

-66-

EXERCISES
1) FILL EACH OF THE
A OR AN.

FOLLOWING GAPS WITH

THE, 3) FILL

EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS WITH THE

SUITABLE FORM OF THE VERB TO BE.

a) There are twenty pupils in the room.

b) There _____ a big dog in the street.

a) The door of the room is open.

c) There _____ two cats in the sofa.

d) There _____ too much paint in your painting.

b) You are _______ pupil but I am a teacher.

e) There _____ some wine in the bottle.

f) There _____ a lot of water in the swimming pool.

c) I have _______ uncle in Russia.

g) There _____ a couple of girls in the kitchen.

h) There _____ a table in the dining-room.

d) Day after day she sees ______old dog in the street.

4)

WHERE CAN YOU FIND THE FOLLOWING THINGS?

e) _______ colour of this watch is very nice.

a) Sugar
a) In the kitchen

f) Anthony is _______ best boy in the world.

b) Soap
b) __________________

g) William wants _______ car for his birthday.

c) Water
c) __________________

2) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS WITH MUCH

OR MANY.

d) Cheese
d) __________________
e) Bed
e) __________________

a) How many people are there in this room?

f) Rice
f) __________________

b) How _____ money do you have?

g) Car
g) __________________

c) How _____ chairs are there in the living-room?

h) Television
h) __________________

d) How _____ milk is there?

i) Matress
i)
__________________

e) How _____ wine is there?

j) Cooker
j)
__________________

f) How _____ books are there in the bedroom?

k) Towel
k) __________________

5) MATCH

WORDS

1)

TO

8)

WITH WORDS A) TO J).

English terms
1) flash suppressor
2) rate of fire
3) light weaponry
4) trigger
5) bullet
6) machine gun
7) shell
8) barrel
9) burst
10) round

Spanish terms
a) cadencia de fuego
b) ametralladora
c) can
d) granada de mortero
e) bocacha de apagafuegos
f) disparo
g) armamento ligero
h) bala
i) disparador
j) rfaga
-67-

6) FILL EACH OF THE

SOME OR ANY.

FOLLOWING GAPS WITH

8) FILL

EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS WITH A

SUITABLE WORD FROM THE BOX.

curtains
television
than
shower
window
toilets
sofas

a) There is not any butter.

b) There is not _____ table in my bedroom.

bedroom
yours
fridge
carpets
are
a
bathroom

c) There is _____ water in the bath.

a) My bedroom is bigger than yours.
d) There is _____ milk in your glass.

b) Peters house has a big bathroom and two little

_____.

e) There is not _____ chocolate in the fridge.

f) There are _____ trees in the garden.

c) Please, Michael, open the _____ and draw the

_____.

g) There is _____ wine in Angelicas glass.

d) In the zoo there _____ many animals.

h) There are _____ medicines in the first-aid kit.

e) Wasnt she _____ very nice girl?

f) The bed is in the _____, the _____ in the
kitchen.

7) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS WITH SOME OR

ANY, MAKING THE APPROPRIATE COMPOUNDS IF
NECESSARY (SOMEBODY, ANYTHING, ANYONE,
ANYBODY, SOMETHING, SOMEWHERE, ETC.).
a) Theres some milk in that jug.

g) The _____ and the towel are in the _____.

h) In Adrians living-room there are two _____,
three_____ and one _____.

9) MAKE SENTENCES USING THE FOLLOWING WORDS.

a) many /How /children /in/ are/ room /the /there?
a) How many children are there in the room?

b) Im afraid there isnt _______ coffee left; will

you grind _______?.

b) sugar /any /not /There /is

b) ______________________________.

c) Is there _______ here who speaks Italian?

c) living-room /very /isnt /Your /nice

c) ______________________________.

d) Id like to buy you _______ new clothes but

dont have _______ money.

d) lamp /does / work /not / That

d) ______________________________.

e) Are there _______ letters for me?

f) When would you like to come? _______ day
would suit me.

e) have /an /bed /We /old

e) ______________________________.

10)CHANGE

THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO THE

INTERROGATIVE FORM.

a) There is a boy in the garden.

a) Is there a boy in the garden?

g) _______ told me youve got _______ bad

news for me.

b) There are two televisions in Thomas living-room.

b) ______________________________

h) I see you dont have _______ maps. Would

you like to borrow _______ of mine?

c) There isnt any sugar.

c) ______________________________

i) Come and have supper with us if you arent

doing _______ tonight.

d) There is some tea in the teapot.

d) ______________________________

j) Dont let _______ in. Im too busy to see

_______.

e) There are many people here.

e) ______________________________

k) He lives _______ in France now.

f) There is a big bed in her living-room.

f) ______________________________

l) Would you like _______ to drink?

g) There is some coffee in the coffeepot.

g) ______________________________
-68-