Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
BY
LONGJAM ANGANA
SUBMITTED TO NIFT IN PARTIAL, FULFILLMENT OF THE REUIREMENTS OF
THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF DESIGN
Declaration
I hereby declare that the work presented in this project titled Design Introduction Of The
Traditional Manipuri Attire Into Todays Manipuri Hallyu Fashion Based On An Analysis And
Understanding Of The Korean And Manipuri Culture And The Psychology Of The Manipuri
Youth is my own work and effort and that it has not been submitted anywhere for any award..
Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged.
The project was carried out under the guidance of Prof. Sharmila Dua and Prof. Rebecca Philip at
Post Graduate Department of Design Space (PGDS), Mumbai.
Dedication
I dedicate this thesis to my parents, who have always been the biggest support in my life; without
them I would not have been where Im today. It is their unconditional love that motivates me to
set a higher target. I would also like to thank my sister, Nivedita Longjam and my best friend
Keshav Purushot for the love and support throughout the hard times in my life. But most of all, I
would like to thank God Almighty, without whom none of these would have
been possible.
Acknowledgement
The success of this dissertation required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people.
I have deep respect and gratitude to Dr. Irengbam Mohendra Singh, author of the book The
Meiteis, (Dr. Smt) K Sobita Devi, author of the book Traditional dresses of Meiteis and Shree
Mutua Bahadur, author of the book , Manipuri Costumes through Ages (India, Bngladesh &
Myanmar) and Miss R.K. Achoubi Sana, Retired guru in Manipur Dance College for providing
me all the necessary information required for the dissertation.
I would also like to thank Sir Haobam Devabrata Singh, Lecturer, Manipur Art College for
extending help and support to me for this dissertation.
I owe my profound gratitude to my mentors, Prof. Sharmila Dua and Prof. Rebecca Philip
who took keen interest in the project and guided me all along, till the completion of my
dissertation.
Abstract
Hallyu is a Korean word and it means Korean Wave. Hallyu refers to Korean music,
drama, film, and even fashion and cuisine that have swept the world since the late 1990s.
The term was coined by the Chinese media in mid-1990s which literally means "Korean
Wave" representing images of Korean music, Korean drama and Korean cuisine.
Hallyu is an effort made by the South Korean Government to maintain and reinforce
Korean culture in general worldwide, by supporting producers of culture in the
entertainment industry. The first hints of hallyu came just as South Korea's economy
collapsed during the 1998 financial crisis in Asia. In the stagnant decade that followed,
three administrations looked to hallyu as a tool of soft power, hoping to expand South
Korea's profile abroad along with demand for its cultural exports and tourism. Hallyu has
had an immense influence on the lifestyle of the people around the world and it is no longer
just popular Korean culture. It has climbed to a new level and now encompasses a wider
global culture that is enjoyed by other Asians and non-Asians scattered over every
continent across the globe. As Bollywood and mainland Indian culture was banned in
Manipur, the youth looked towards other sources which influenced their social and cultural
life .Hallyu became popular since the 1990s when Hallyu spread around China, Japan and
other Asian countries. There are other similarities like physical appearance, art and culture,
tradition, society, cuisines etc. between the Manipuri and Korean society which helps the
Manipuri youth relate better to the Korean wave. Thereby, the Manipuri youth have
adopted their clothing fashion in a huge way. However, this has lead to a diminishing
Manipuri cultural identity among the youths. The study is an attempt to 1) analyze and
understand the similarities of both the cultures, 2) understand the psychology of the
Manipuri youth in adapting to the Hallyu fashion, and 3) introduce the traditional Manipuri
attire into todays Manipuri Hallyu fashion in such a way that the youth would easily accept
and popularize the look.
CONTENTS
S.N
CONTENTS
Introduction
a.
Review of Literature
3.1 Political History of South Korea
3.2 Culture and society of South Korea
3.3 Political History of Manipur
3.4 Culture and Society of Mnipur
3.5 Globalization of Korean Wave
About Manipur
6.1 Geographical Location
6.2Climatic Condition
6.3A brief History
6.4Religion and Belief
6.5Traditional attire of Korea
Design Explorations
10
Bibliography
11
Annexure
INTRODUCTION:
Hallyu refers to the spread of the South Korean culture around the world starting in the 1990s.
Korean wave (Hallyu) was coined in China in mid-1999 by Beijing journalists surprised by the
fast growing popularity of South Koreans and South Korean goods in China. [11], [5] Hallyu
started gaining popularity with the huge export of South Korean TV dramas, movies, music,
games to China and South East Asian countries around the late 90s. Studies have shown that the
Korean wave became highly successful mainly because Korean entertainment was based on
Confucian beliefs in the virtue of tradition, family, love and friendship. Hallyu provided modern
and hip entertainment which is grounded with traditional values, entertainment which one can
enjoy with their family. Asian countries like China share similar beliefs and history with Korea.
Thus, Korean entertainment could find a strong influence over the Asian audience. The Hallyu
wave went global with a huge bang with the release of K-pop star Psys music video Gangnam
Style in July, 2012.
South Korea has been emerging as a powerhouse for the production of transnational pop culture
which spread first to neighboring Asian countries, later to the Middle East and North Africa, and
more recently to Europe and the Americas. As hallyu spread like wildfire around the world and
turned into serious business for many entertainment companies, it became attractive for Korean
artists to go abroad for bigger markets where they could draw larger crowds and sell more
tickets. Interestingly, rather than Korean pop musicians going abroad, Hallyu manages to
bring international fans fly in just to see them perform in their home turf. For example, in
2011, the Dream Concert was held in Gyeongju Civic Stadium where about 20K-pop bands
performed. A fandom of nearly 20,000, including approximately 5,000 overseas fans mostly
from China, Japan and Southeast Asia but also from Latin America and Europe, showed their
devotion to the K-pop stars, waving colored balloons, neon sticks, and cell-phones.
10
11
DESK RESEARCH
FIELD RESEARCH
Scenario.
Manipuri attire.
13
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Political History of South Korea
South Korea was wedged between three giants -- China, Japan and Russia -- not to mention the
"Hermit Kingdom" of North Korea. All of these governments at one time had a negative obsession
to try to destroy South Korea's history and culture. These powerful neighbors relied on selling
goods to their own markets and eventually reached beyond their domestic consumers. First, Japan
rebuilt after the war and created an economic boom that positioned the country as a tech leader.
And now, China expands its reach. But South Korea, due to its minnow size, realized early on that
its success had to come from outside. Without such a large internal force, it has focused almost
entirely on the exterior, nurturing a culture that inherently seeks the global stage. Exporting ideas
and products to the world has been its path to success. Hence Samsung TVs on our walls
and Hyundai cars on our streets are often seen
2. Religious systems followed in Korea are Buddhism - Mahayana and Son (Zen)
Christianity (Roman Catholic and Protestant)
Shamanism
Confucianism
3. Korean people, like most Asian people, place a great emphasis on the family institution
and on respecting parents and elders. The family elders are always addressed with respect,
greeted with the traditional bow and served first at meals. Behaving with decorum in
public, so as not to shame your family is important. Non-family members are usually
addressed with formal titles.
4. Traditionally Koreans followed a patriarchal system, but the married women always kept
their own name. Women, in olden times, were responsible for managing an extended family
14
household and rearing the children; they also worked in the fields in addition, and had to
obey the head of the family and their husbands.
5. Korean family celebrations are held When an infant becomes 100 days old
When a child reaches its first birthday
When a person reaches their sixtieth birthday
When a couple marries
6. Korean marriages are traditionally arranged by the family elders and parents of the bride
and groom, in consultation with a matchmaker. The bride's family receive the groom's
Sajupalja (like a horoscope) , set the marriage date and then organize the wedding
ceremony at their place. The groom's family sends the bride the wedding dress along with
gifts and show up for the wedding.
7. Apart from the importance on family, most Koreans also believe in maintaining good ties
with neighbors and participating in community events and activities.
8The traditional Korean dress is called Hanbok. The Hanbok worn by women is called
Chimajeogori and consists of a wrap-around skirt called Chima and a jacket called Jeogori.
The Hanbok worn by men consists of the Jeogori jacket and pants known as Baji. A hat
known as Gwanmo and a long coat called Durumagi are also worn. Nowadays, everyone
wears western garb, and Hanboks are aired only on special celebrations and festivals.
9. Formerly, Koreans used to dress according to social status. The aristocrats and the rich
would wear elaborate, colored and bejeweled costumes. The poor would wear undyed,
white clothing.
10. Traditional Korean dances include court dances and folk dances. Two court dances are Jeongjaemu - Jeongjaemu is divided into two further dance types - native dances, known as
Hyangak Jeongjae, and Chinese-inspired dances, Dangak Jeongjae.
Ilmu - divided into civil dance (munmu) and military dance (mumu).
15
Folk dances include Religious dances which are mainly performed during shamanistic rites.
Secular dances which are performed individually and in groups.
11. Most Korean menus include meals made from rice, barley , beans, fish and other
seafood. Koreans also seem to favor a good sprinkling of garlic, ginger, leek, and spring
onion.. Apart from everyday foods, there are ceremonial foods that are prepared, well, on
ceremonial occasions and ritual foods that are prepared for temple rituals, for ancestral
worship and at funerals. Two well-known Korean foods are Kimchi (fermented vegetables)
and Bulgogi (marinated meat)(10)
16
Sidabi. It indicates that the marriage ceremony is sanctioned not only by parents but also by the
Deities.
The actual marriage ceremony takes place at the bride's resident and On the same day, a ritual is
also performed by A maiba (priest) at bridegroom's resident.
Then, the bridegroom set out for the bride's resident to bring her, under guidance of Nupa Senaba (
a man who takes care of the groom). (15)
5. Manipuris have a society which is classified into small localities called as leikai. Each leikai
has a group of elder womenfolk forming a club known as the meira-paibis. They protect the
society and anything related to social disturbance, from an abusive husband to a drunkard son is
handled by them.
6. Manipuri family celebrations are held:
Swasti Puja is held on the 6th day of a childs birth.
Chak-Inba or Chak-Uma (rice-eating ceremony) in which the baby tastes solid food for the first
time.
When the baby is about 3 years old, "Nahutpa or ear-ring ceremony" is performed with great
festivity. This is performed both for boys and girls.
When a child is ready to attend school (4-5 years of age), he/she is about to mingle with people
outside his home away from parents and is starting a new adventure in life. "Mangol-Peeba or a
blessing ceremony" is performed.
"Ningol Chakouba" festival, in which women who were married to distant places come to her
parents house along with the children for a sumptous feast and get-together
Cheiraoba festival, the Manipuri New Year, which falls around April of each year.
7. Manipuris also believe in maintaining good ties with neighbors and participating in community
events and activities that happens in each locality.
8. Music of Manipur includes different types of songs, including religious, classical, love, folk
songs etc. The most popular kinds of music in Manipur include:
- This is a kind of devotional music of Manipur which is sung to upheld the
greatness of Chitanya Mahaprabhu, a religious preacher.
18
- Named after Manor Sai, this music of Manipur is sung along with the music of
Ramkartal, or cymbals and Khol or drums.
- This music of Manipur is sung mostly by the Meities while they are working in
the fields. This music of Manipur usually has love as its theme and the singer can uses words at his
will and adjusts it to the tune.
8. Dance forms:
The Lai Haroba, a ritualistic dance depicting the Creation, is considered the precursor of Manipuri.
Khamba Thoibi dance is dance of dedication to the sylvan deity, Khamba Thoibi dance is a duet of
male and female partners. This dance is a part and parcel of Moirang Lai-Haraoba. It is believed
that the legendary hero - Khamba and heroin - Thoibi danced together before the Lord Thangjing, a
celebrated deity of Moirang, a village in the South-West of Manipur which is known for its rich
cultural traditions, for peace and prosperity of the land.
Pung Cholom is performed as an invocatory number preceding the Sankirtana and Ras Lila. It is
hignly refined classical dance number characterized by the modulation of sound from soft whisper
to a thunderous climax.
Maibi Dance depicts a way of reliving life as in the past, this dance is performed during the festival
of Lai-Haraoba which is an annual ritual festival of the Meiteis(inhabitants of the valley of
Manipur). The Maibis (the priestesses) considered to be spritural mediums, depict the entire
concept of cosmogony of the Meitei people and describe their way of life through their dances.
19
The Ras Lila depicts the fond love of Radha for Lord Krishna as well as the sheer devotion of the
Gopies toward the Lord. It is generally performed in an enclosure in front of the temple throughout
night. Ras performances are seasonal and varied and performed at the temple of Shree Shree
Govindajee in Imphal on the nights of Basanta Purnima, Sarada Purnima and Kartik Purnima and
at local temples later.
9. The staple diet of Manipur consists of rice, leafy vegetables, and fish.Manipuris typically raise
vegetables in a kitchen garden and rear fish in small ponds around their house.
There are more than 200 varieties of Manipuri dishes. Iromba, whose main ingredients are the
fermented fish (which is called Ngari) and Chillies is the favourite of not only the Manipuris but
also amongst non-Manipuris.
Manipuri gastronomy not only consists of hot Chillies or Herbs but also unusual vegetables
like Thangjing(Gorgon),Soibum(Khorisa), Hawaijaar(fermented soyabean), Yongchaak(sataw),
etc. It is also surprising to know that Manipuri cuisine also have more than five varieties of
Mushrooms - some of its names are Kanglayen (Shiitake Dried Mushroom),Uyen(Golden
Chanterelle), Uchi Manaa(a type of mushroom), etc.
The food is a combination of both spicy and boiled, the nutritional value content in the Manipuri
cuisine gives you a healthy body. Some of the non-vegetarian food which is considered to be
vegetarian dish in Manipuri cuisine is fish and an edible fresh water snail called Tharoi in the local
lingo. There are three main types of Tharoi which is eaten in Manipur - Lai Tharoi, Labuk
Tharoi and Tharoi Ningkhabi. Among the fishes are Sareng, Pengba, Rohu, Ngamu, Ngakra,
Nganap, Ngakijou, Ngasep, Ngasang, Porom, Khabak, Phabou Nga, Ukabi, etc.
Yen thongba (chicken) cooked at an open lawn with bonfires. (1)
20
22
As hallyu spread like wildfire around the world and turned into serious business for many
entertainment companies, it became attractive for Korean artists to go abroad for bigger markets
where they could draw larger crowds and sell more tickets. According to Bernie Cho, head of
music distribution label DFSB Collective, many top artists make more money from one week in
Japan than they do in one year in Korea (cited in Williamson, 2011). Using the export model,
entertainment companies have been going outside Koreas borders since the Korean market is too
small for them to recoup their investment in manufacturing the competitive artists as products.
(6) (17)
are shown in serials and movies, which we can relate with our own society. Like most of the
Korean heroes, many youngsters in Manipur are growing their hair. By Ganjis skirt, they mean the
style of skirt worn by a Korean serial character called Ganji. By Kangtas earring, they mean a
particular earring worn by the singer Kangta. Among school kids and teenagers, Korean movie is
one of their hot topics.
(9)
24
Reference:
1) Cuisine of Magnificent Manipur, E-Pao.net, April 2013
2) Gil Hyun-cheo, The Korean Wave, A new pop culture phenomena, 9th June, 2011
3) India View Staes, Infobanc.com, 2013
4) Kangleicha, Manipur News', Nov 3, 2010
25
4.1.2 CLIMATIC CONDITION: In Korea, winters are usually long, cold, and dry,
whereas summers are short, hot, and humid. Spring and autumn are pleasant but short in
duration. Seoul's mean temperature in January is -5 C to - 2.5 C; in July the mean
temperature is about 22.5 C to 25 C.
4.1.3 A BRIEF HISTORY: Korea was a Japanese colony, prior to World War II (19391945). But after the war when Japan got defeated, the Japanese were no longer in control
of Korea. Thus the allies took control of Korea which was the USA and the Soviet
Union(currently Russia). But both countries disagreed on how to run the nation of Korea
so they split in half. By the 38th parallel, everything on the North came under the Soviet
Union influence (Communist) while everything on the South came under the USA
influence (democratic). Thus, South Korea came into being after World War II.
Ch'ondogyo's basic beliefs include the essential equality of all human beings. Each
person must be treated with respect because all persons "contain divinity;" there is "God
in man."
Wonbulgyo, or Won Buddhism, attempts to combine traditional Buddhist doctrine with a
modern concern for social reform and revitalization.
November or December, Korean families prepare enough kimchi to last the long winter. Kimchis
are stored in large clay jars partially buried to maintain temperature and retain flavor.
28
WOMEN
Hanbok is the traditional Korean dress. It comprises of two parts, an upper component, i.e.
jacket, and a lower segment, i.e. pants or skirt.
The origins of the Korean two-piece hanbok can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period
(57 B.C.-668 A.D.).It is made up of a skirt and a jacket characterized by bright colors and
simple lines. There are different types of hanbok from plain hanbok to decorated hanbok that
are worn at different occasions
For many modern Koreans, wearing a hanbok is a way to show pride in their
cultural heritage. And Nowadays, Hanbok is worn only on special occasions such as social
gatherings and seasonal festivals.
hanbok
29
Details of a hanbok:
The jeogori makes up the upper part of the hanbok.
The Donjeong refers to a white collar attached along the rim of the neckline. It contrasts and
harmonizes with the overall curve of the neck.
The Otogoreum is a women's ornamental piece, which hangs vertically across the front of the
chima (women's skirt)
The Chima is the women's outer skirt. There are different kinds of Chima: single layered, double
layered, and quilted.
Traditional patterns garaceful lines and color combinations enhance the beauty of the hanbok.
Plants, animals, or other natural patterns are used to decorate the rim of the skirt and the areas
surrounding the outer shoulders
Accessories of womens hanbok
Norigae :is of the major accessories for women. The norigae pendant was widely used by royal
court ladies as well as commoners. It is tied to the outer goreum (a coat string) or the waist of a
skirt and gives a luxurious look to the entire outfit. The two major types of pendants are samjak
norigae (a pendant with three ornaments) and danjak norigae (a pendant with one ornament).
30
MEN
Mens hanbok consists of a short jackets and pants. The lower part of the mens hanbok is called
Baji which is a loose trouser. Kkotsin are a special shoes that are worn with hanbok, and is made
of silk with flower patterns embroidered on it. There is also a hat called gat.
For the wedding ceremony there are special hanbok. The grooms hanbok, consists of groom
headpiece called iksunkan , belt called gakddi, wedding suit called jaryungpo,inner clothing
called baji and jeogori and shoes called kkotsin
Mens hanbok like womens hanbok comes in plain and highly decorated designs.
.
Plate 9: Mens casual hanbok
31
ABOUT MANIPUR
Geographical Location:
Manipur is one of the eight north eastern states of India. Its boundary is surrounded by Myanmar
(Burma) in the east and south, and Nagaland state in the north, Cachar (Assam state) in the west
and Mizoram state in the south-west. The capital of Manipur is Imphal which is the state's largest
city. The other cities are the Chrchandpur, Tamenglong and Ukhrul. Manipur is a meeting point,
epicenter, between South East Asia and the Indian sub-continent. The Manipur valley, in the
middle of the state, is at a height of 790 meters above the sea level and is surrounded by nine hill
ranges in circles creating a hill and trough geography. (A brief history (puwari) of the meiteis of
manipur, p.lalit)
Climatic condition:
The climate of Manipur is mostly tropical with alpine climate. The northeastern region has an
amiable climate and is very cold in the winters. The temperature in the summer is 32 degrees C and
in the winters it falls below zero.
AA brief history: The history of Manipur Meities is chronicled in Puyas or Puwaris (stories about
our forefathers), namely, the Ninghthou Kangbalon, Cheitharol Kumbaba, Ningthourol Lambuba,
Poireiton Khunthokpa, Panthoibi Khongkul, etc. in the archaic Meitei script, which is comparable
to the Thai script. The historical accounts presented here were recordings from the eyes and the
judgment of the Meitei Kings and Maichous (Meitei scholars). Hill tribes have their own folk
tales, myths and legends. Manipur was known by different names at various periods in its history,
such as, Tilli-Koktong, Poirei-Lam, Sanna-Leipak, Mitei-Leipak, Meitrabak or Manipur (present
day). Its capital was Kangla, Yumphal or Imphal (present day). Its people were known by various
names, such as Mi-tei, Poirei-Mitei, Meetei, Maitei or Meitei.
34
3) Mayek naibi: It is of stripped design of varied colors. The stripes are set horizontally
throughout the body of the cloth and are hemmed in by a broad border of black on the top as well
as bottom of the fabric. These borders are decorated with different embroidered motifs.
Traditionally the mayek naibi phanek were of only 7 distinct colors: i)Thambal machu (pink), ii)
Higok (scheme of dominant deep blue color), iii) Khumjingbi (scheme of dominant lack color)
iv) Hangam mapal (mustard yellow) v) langhou (a scheme of black and white in equal breath of
5mm each) vi) loirang (scheme of white and light pink) vii) chigong lei (amber yellow) Cotton,
wool and silk are commonly used for making mapan naiba. When the whole body of mapan
35
naibi is woven in floss silk, it is known as phige phanek. There are four motifs of Mapan naiba
phanek:
Khojao lonbi mapan naibi
Khoi akoibi maoan naibi
Hiya mayek
Phige phijol mayek
P
h
i
g
e
p
h
i
j
o
l
m
a
y
e
k
4) Pumthit phanek: This particular type of phanek emerged during the reign of Meidingu
Khagemba (1597-1652 AD), to be worn only by the eldest princess of the Meitei king born of a
mother of the Angom royal house who achieve the title of khuraileima. This phanek had very
limited wearers and is not popular among the common man and at present phumthit phanek is
gone out of existence from the culture of Manipur
36
37
38
Plate 17: Different kinds of traditional border motifs on a mapan naiba phanek
39
40
41
The potloi: Meitei women also wear a Manipuri Bridal and Dance (Ras Leela) costume known as
a Potloi. Shaped in a cylindrical form, it is stitched on the belt worn over it, the blouse and the
inner garment.
The potloi is adorned with applique works using geometrical figures. The designs consists of khoi
mayek designs made of red phirangjee with a thick bukram base laced over a golden cloth and
decorated with charik chamaki (sequins) and nungsen konpham (brass work).
The potloi: Meitei women also wear a Manipuri Bridal and Dance (Ras Leela) costume known as
a Potloi. Shaped in a cylindrical form, it is stitched on the belt worn over it, the blouse and the
inner garment.
The potloi is adorned with applique works using geometrical figures. The designs consists of khoi
mayek designs made of red phirangjee with a thick bukram base laced over a golden cloth and
decorated with charik chamaki (sequins) and nungsen konpham (brass work).
42
Plate 28 a: A weaver making potloi (Chanura Microfun Manipur, W Memi Devi, 2011)
43
44
P
l
a
t
e
d
:
Plate 35: Potloi worn by a gopi in a rasa leela dance
45
46
MEN
A white kurta and a dhoti (plain white) is worn during performances by drum dancers, and by
common men during festivals and ceremonies. Younger men also wear a white kurta paijama.
During the boat festival (Heikru Hidongba) of Manipur, men (the participants, who are
considered to be royal descendants) wear a special dhoti known as khamen chatpa.
Printed designs for men can be seen only in the particular loincloth known as Khamen Chatpa.
The designs are a scheme of deep purple, deep red and chocolate brown (dyes prepared from a
plan known a Khamu) painted on the white background of the silk cloth. The design is said to
have been adopted from the sight of Lord Pakhangba, the serpant God worship by wthnic
Meiteis.
There are reportedly seven patterns of paintings of the Khamen Chatpa representing the seven
clans of the Meiteis. However, only four of these distinctive patterns have been discovered
47
KHAMEN CHATPA
Printed designs for men can be seen only in the particular loincloth known as Khamen Chatpa.
The designs are a scheme of deep purple, deep red and chocolate brown (dyes prepared from a
plan known a Khamu) painted on the white background of the silk cloth. The design is said to
have been adopted from the sight of Lord Pakhangba, the serpant God worship by wthnic
Meiteis.
There are reportedly seven patterns of paintings of the Khamen Chatpa representing the seven
clans of the Meiteis. However only four of these distinctive patterns have been discovered so far.
Plate 41a: The four patterns of Khamen Chatpa that have been discovered till date
Before the influence of Hallyu and the introduction of Korean Pop culture and drama, the people
of Manipur were inspired by Bollywood movies and mainland Indian culture in terms of Fashion.
Traditional garments were also very much worn by the women of Maniour then.
49
Plate 48: Majority of the respondents fell within the age group of 18-24 years (71.4%)
Plate 49: The respondents comprised of more women (89.3 %) than men (10.7 %)
50
Plate 50: Majority of the respondents (65.5%) agreed that they follow Hallyu culture while 34.5
% did not.
Plate 51: Majority of the respondents were introduced to Hallyu culture through T.V.
Friends were the next influence followed by the internet. Radio played a very small role.
51
Plate 52 : Korean Dramas and Korean Fashion were the two aspects of Hallyu culture which
respondents were most interested in. Food came next followed by K-pop (music)
Plate 53: According to 93 % of the respondents Manipuri fashion has changed over the years,
because of Hallyu influence.
52
Plate 54: A high number (77.6 %) of respondents were of the opinion that Korean-wave will
continue to influence Manipuri youth.
Plate 55: Acceptance for introduction of traditional Manipuri textiles into trendy fashionable
clothes.
53
DESIGN EXPLORATIONS
Based on the study and survey conducted, 89.7 % of the respondents were looking forward to
see garment designs using traditional Manipuri textiles that had a Hallyu influence to it.And so a
few design sketches were done keeping the Hallyu fashion and traditional Manipuri textiles in
mind.
Design Exploration 1
Plate a
Plate b
Plate d
Plate e
54
Plate c
Plate f
Plate g
Plate j
Plate h
Plate k
55
Plate i
Plate l
Plate m
Plate n
Plate o
56
Plate 70: The designs below were shortlisted for the production process:
57
Plate 71: According to the color a fabrics of the phanek that weer received, the designs were
changed as asown below:
58
FINAL OUTCOME
61
62
63
64
65
66