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M ( x, y )dx N ( x, y )dy 0
can be solved in variety of ways. Another fundamental solution is by method of Separation of Variables or
M ( x, y )
N ( x, y )
A(x)
B( y)
Remember that by this method the coefficients
and
must be reduced to
and
, respectively by multiplying both sides of
M ( x, y )dx N ( x, y )dy 0
( x, y )
( x, y )
by an integrating factor
. Take note that
is best determined by the getting the reciprocal of the factors to be separated.
From the factored form of the coefficients
M ( x, y )
N ( x, y )
and
, clearly
1
( x, y ) (1 x)(3 y 2 )
well. Therefore, the integrating factor
is
.
1
x(3 y 2 )dx y (1 x) dy 0
(1 x)(3 y 2 )
by
1
(1 x)(3 y 2 )
(3 y 2 )
or
dx
while
(1 x)
dy
as
1 x dx 3 y
dy 0
( x 1) 1
y
x 11
y
dx
dy 0
dx
dy 0
2
x 1
3 y
x 1
3 y2
x 1
1
y
dx
dx
dy 0
x 1
x 1
3 y2
dx
1
y
dx
dy 0
x 1
3 y2
dx
1
1
2y
dx
dy 0
x 1
2 3 y2
1
x ln x 1 ln 3 y 2 C
2
2 x 2 ln x 1 ln 3 y 2 2C
x
y
dx
dy 0
x 1
3 y2
2 x 2 ln x 1 ln 3 y 2 2C
2 x 2 ln x 1 ln y 2 3 2C
2 x ln
( x 1) 2
c
y2 3
sin xdx
sin y
dy 0
cos y 1
sin y
1
cos y 1
cos x ln cos y 1 C
C ln c
cos x ln cos y 1 ln c
cos x ln cos y 1 ln c 0
cos x ln c(cos y 1) 0
ln c(cos y 1) cos x
So, the general solution can also be
c (cos y 1) e cos x
Note: Solving differential equations requires practice. It is best learned by solving as many problem exercises as possible. Consult your professor if there are
unsolved problems.