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Eriknicheskis Notes in EDEs

Differential equations of Order 1


SOV.

M ( x, y )dx N ( x, y )dy 0

can be solved in variety of ways. Another fundamental solution is by method of Separation of Variables or

M ( x, y )
N ( x, y )
A(x)
B( y)
Remember that by this method the coefficients
and
must be reduced to
and
, respectively by multiplying both sides of
M ( x, y )dx N ( x, y )dy 0
( x, y )
( x, y )
by an integrating factor
. Take note that
is best determined by the getting the reciprocal of the factors to be separated.
From the factored form of the coefficients

M ( x, y )

N ( x, y )

and
, clearly
1
( x, y ) (1 x)(3 y 2 )
well. Therefore, the integrating factor
is
.

x(3 y )dx y (1 x)dy 0


2

Multiplying both sides of

1
x(3 y 2 )dx y (1 x) dy 0
(1 x)(3 y 2 )

by

1
(1 x)(3 y 2 )

(3 y 2 )

does not belong as coefficient of

or

results to separation of variables or


x
y
dx
dy 0
1 x
3 y2

The general solution can now be determined by integrating both sides.

dx

while

(1 x)

does not belong as coefficient of

dy

as

1 x dx 3 y

dy 0

( x 1) 1
y
x 11
y
dx
dy 0
dx
dy 0
2
x 1
3 y
x 1
3 y2

x 1
1
y
dx
dx
dy 0
x 1
x 1
3 y2

dx

1
y
dx
dy 0
x 1
3 y2

dx

1
1
2y
dx
dy 0
x 1
2 3 y2

1
x ln x 1 ln 3 y 2 C
2
2 x 2 ln x 1 ln 3 y 2 2C

x
y
dx
dy 0
x 1
3 y2

2 x 2 ln x 1 ln 3 y 2 2C

2 x 2 ln x 1 ln y 2 3 2C

2 x ln

( x 1) 2
c
y2 3

Illustrative 2. Find the general solution of


Solution.
(sin x cos y sin x)dx sin ydy 0
sin x (cos y 1)dx sin ydy 0

sin x(cos y 1)dx sin ydy 0

sin xdx

sin y
dy 0
cos y 1
sin y

sin xdx cos y 1dy 0


sin y

sin xdx (1) cos y 1dy 0

1
cos y 1

(sin x cos y sin x)dx sin ydy 0

Hence, the general solution is

cos x ln cos y 1 C

However, if a much simpler general solution is needed, the arbitrary constant

may be manipulated by substitution, like

C ln c

cos x ln cos y 1 ln c
cos x ln cos y 1 ln c 0
cos x ln c(cos y 1) 0
ln c(cos y 1) cos x
So, the general solution can also be

c (cos y 1) e cos x

Note: Solving differential equations requires practice. It is best learned by solving as many problem exercises as possible. Consult your professor if there are
unsolved problems.

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