Instruction: In these exercises, define all your variables precisely a numbers.

At the
end of each exercise, be sure to write a conclusion.
19.) (a) Find two nonnegative numbers whose sum is 12 such that their product is an
absolute maximum and support your answers graphically. (b) Find two nonnegative
numbers whose sum is 12 such that the sum of their squares is an absolute
minimum, support your answers graphically.

20.) Suppose a weight is to be held 10ft below a horizontal line AB by a wire in the
shape of a Y. If the points A and B are 8ft apart, (a) estimate on your graphics
calculator to the nearest foot the shortest length of wire that can be used. (b)
Confirm your estimate in part (a) analytically.

21.) An island is at point A, 4 km offshore from the nearest point B on a straight

beach. A woman on the island wishes to go to a point C, 6 km down the beach from

B. She can go by rowboat at 5 km/hr to a point P

between B and C and then walk at 8 km/hr along a
straight path from P to C. (a) Estimate on your
graphics calculator the route from A to C that she can
travel in the least time. (b) Confirm your estimate in
part (a) analytically.

22.) Solve Exercise 21 if point C is only 3 km down the beach from B.

23.) (a) Use your graphics calculator to estimate the dimensions of the right-circular
cylinder of greatest lateral surface area that can be inscribed in a sphere with a
radius of 6 in. (b) Confirm your estimates in part (a) analytically.

24.) (a) Use your graphics calculator to estimate the dimensions or the right-circular
cylinder of greatest volume that can be inscribed in a sphere with a radius of 6 in.
(b) Confirm your estimates in part (a) analytically.

25.) Given the circle having the equation x2 + y2 = 9, find (a) the shortest distance
from the point (4,5) to a point on the circle, and (b) the longest distance from the
point (4,5) to a point on the circle . (c) Support your answers in parts (a) and (b)
graphically.

26.) (a) Find the area of the largest rectangle having two
vertices on the x-axis and two vertices on or above the
x-axis and on the parabola y = 9 - x2. (b) Support your
answer in part (a) graphically.

27.) Assume that the decrease in persons blood pressure depends on the amount of
a particular drug taken by the person. Thus if x milligrams of the drug is taken, the
decrease in blood pressure is a function of x. Suppose that f (x) defines this function
and

1 2
f ( x )= x ( k x )
2

and x is in [0, k], where k is a positive constant. Determine the

value of x that causes the greatest decrease in blood pressure.

28.) During a cough the radius of a persons trachea (or windpipe) decreases.
Suppose that the normal radius of the trachea is R centimeters and the radius of the
trachea during a cough is r centimeters, where R is a constant and r is a variable.
The velocity of air through trachea can be shown to be a function of r, and if V(r)
centimeters per second is this velocity, then
1

constant and r is in [ 2

R ,R

2
V ( r )=k r ( Rr )

where k is a positive

]. Determine the radius of the trachea during a cough

for which the velocity of air through the trachea is greatest.

29.) The strength of a rectangular beam is jointly

proportional to its breadth and the square of its depth. Find the dimensions of the
strongest beam that can be cut from a log in the shape of a right circular cylinder of
radius 27 cm.

30.) The stiffness of a rectangular is jointly proportional to its breadth and cube of its
depth. Find the dimensions of the stiffest beam that can be cut from a log in a shape
of a right-circular cylinder of radius a centimeters.

31.) A piece of wire 10 ft long is cut into two pieces. One piece is bent into the shape
of a circle and the other into the shape of a square. How should the wire be cut so
that (a) the combined area of the two figures is as small as possible; (b) the
combined area of the two figures is as large as possible?

32.) Solve Exercise 31 if one piece of wire is bent into the shape of an equilateral
triangle and the other piece is bent into the shape of a square.

33.) If R feet is the range of a projectile, then

R=

V o2 sin 2
g

1
2

where vo

feet per second is the initial velocity, g ft/sec2 is the acceleration due to gravity, and
is the radian measure of the angle that the gun makes with then horizontal. Find
the value of that makes the range a maximum.

34.) If a body of a weight W pounds is dragged along a horizontal floor at constant

velocity by means of a force magnitude F pounds and directed at an angle of
radians with the plane of the floor, then F is given by the equation
F=

kW
k sin ( )+ cos ( )

where k is a constant called the coefficient of friction and 0 < k < 1. If 0

find cos when F is least.

1
2

35.) Two products A and B are manufactured at a particular factory. If C dollars is

the total cost of production for an 8-hour day, then C = 3x2 + 42y, where x machines
are used to produce A, y machines are used to produce B, and during an 8-hour day
15 machines are working. (a) Determine analytically how many of these machines
should be used to produce A and how many should be used to produce B for the
total cost to be least. (b) Support your answers in part (a) graphically.

36.) (a) In Example 1, for what values of k will the absolute minimum value of C
occur at a number in the open interval (0,k)? (b) Examples 1 and 2 and Exercises 21
and 22 are special cases of the following more general problem: Let
f ( x )=u a2 + x 2+ v ( bx )

where x is in [0,b] and u > v > 0. Show that for the absolute minimum value of f to
occur at a number in the open interval (0,b), the following inequality must be
satisfied: av < b

u2v2 .