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Types of Surveys
The different surveys to be conducted in connection with the construction of roads are:
A. Transport planning
1.
Traffic surveys
2.
Highway inventory
3.
Pavement deterioration
4.
Accident studies
B. Alignment and route location
5.
Desk study
6.
Reconnaissance survey
7.
Preliminary survey
8.
Final location survey
C. Drainage studies
9.
Hydraulic studies
10.
Subsurface drains
11.
Cross drainage
D. Soil survey
12.
Desk study
13.
Site reconnaissance
14.
Soil exploration and sampling
E. Pavement design investigations
15.
Soil properties and strength
16.
Material survey
Soil Investigations
Soil investigations are very important to assess the properties of the existing soil and to decide upon
the improvements to be made to strengthen it.
Purpose of soil investigations
1.
To determine the nature and physical properties of the soil to be used for
embankment
2.
To facilitate the design of slopes of embankments and cuts
3.
To locate suitable borrow pits
4.
To determine the construction techniques
5.
To determine the surface and subsurface drainage requirements
6.
To determine the suitability of local materials
7.
To determine the need for sub grade treatment
Methods of determination of soil profile
For determination of soil profile, trial pits or borings are to be made. The tests to be conducted for
determination of the suitability of the soil for embankment construction are:
Gradation test, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, optimum moisture content, maximum dry
density, differential free swell (for highly plastic clays).
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Signal, JP Nagarwww.shriramproperties.com
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