Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted to
Mr.T.K Chakraborty
(DGM-HRD/Legal &Govt.Liasion)
Submitted by
Avinit Saha
Diploma 3rd year
Department of Electrical Engineering
Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata
West Bengal, India
Acknowledgement
An engineer with only theoretical knowledge is not a complete engineer.
Practical knowledge is very important to develop and apply engineering skills.
It gives me a great pleasure to have an opportunity to acknowledge and to
express gratitude to those who were associated with me during my training at
Westinghouse Saxby Farmer Limited.
I am very great full to our training and placement officer Mr. Dipak Das for
providing me the oppurtunity to undergo the training in this prestigious
organization.
I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Mr.T.K Chakraborty unit head Mr.
Parthasarathi Dutta and Executive engineer Ms. Sudeshna Mullick and other
authorities for allowing me to undergo the training in this prestigious
organization. I will always remain indebted to them for their constant interest and
excellent guidance in my training work, moreover for providing me with an
opportunity to work and gain experience.
Avinit
Saha
Contents
About the Company
Chronological Growth
Introduction
Types of Signalling Relays
Plug in Q series Relay
QL1 Relay
QN1 Relay
QBCA1 Relay
QBA1 Relay
QSPA1 Relay
QNA1 Relay
QNN1 Relay
Flow chart of Relay Manufacturing & Processing
Testing of Relay
Conclusion
Indian Railways
Integral Coach Factory(Chennai)
Railway Coach Factory(Kapurthala)
Metro Railway(Kolkata)
JESSOP&Co.(Kolkata)
Bharat Earth Movers Limited(BEML)
Steel Authority Of India Limited(SAIL)
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited(BHEL)
National Thermal Power Corporation(NTPC)
SAN Engineering
Ventra Locomotive
Chronological Growth
1906
1923
1956
Introduction
1969
2001
Types of Signalling
Relays
Signalling relays may be classified into various ways depending upon the
following factors:
i)
Mounting of relay
Shelf Type Plug in type
Rear View
Front View
Registration Device
Each relay is fitted with code pins commonly known
as Registration Device to prevent against plugging
of relay in a wrong base.
For this purpose 10 pin positions numbered as
A.B.C.D,E,F,G,H,J,& K are assigned on the relay
base for fixing the pin.
Plug board is provided with corresponding hole
position which allows the relay base pins to fit while
plugging.
Out of the ten only five pins are used on the relay
base & corresponding holes are drilled in the plug
board for the purpose of providing passes to the pins
fitted in the relay base.
Under this arrangement 252 different codes can be
formed.
Relays of the same type having different contact
arrangement will have different code numbers.
Plug board front & rear view is shown in the fig.
given below.
QL1 Relay
This relay has two coils namely operate coil (R) and release coil (N) and a
permanent magnet.
As soon as it is energised the feeds to this coil cuts off through the back
contact of repeater relay.
To release the relay feed is applied to the N coil. This sets up a flux in the
core which is equal and opposite to the permanent magnetic flux and neutralises
it.
Feed to the N coil gets cut off after the release of armature due to the
inclusion of a front contact of the relay in series with the release coil.
B
C
11F 4B
Coil Resistance152/680
QN1 Relay
This is used for all control and detection circuit except in external circuits of
AC RE area.
Its specification No is B.R. No: 930A.
Though it is immune to 300 Volt AC 50Hz but only in emergencies can be used
in RE area with protection against AC Interface.
QN1 Relay
Contact Layout:
F
B
C
12F 4B
Coil Resistane:365
8F 8B
QBCA1 Relay
It is made to the specification to specn No. 943. It has two heavy duty front
contacts and four back contacts of standard contact rating. The front contacts can
carry and switch upto 30A inductive current at 110V.DC. Spark quenching is
done by two blow out (natural magnet) magnet provided on a bracket by the side
of the front contacts.
QBCA1 Relay
Contact Layout:
Supply
+
HF
+
Load
B
Load
HF
Supply
B
C
2HF 4B
Coil Resistance:215
QBA1 Relay
This is a DC biased AC immune neutral line relay.
A copper slug is provided on the core for immunisation and a permanent
magnet is provided on the core for Biasing.
It does not operate if 20 times of the rated voltage is applied in reverse
direction.
Its specification is BR Specification No. 932 A.
QBA1 Relay
Contact Layout:
F
8F 8B
Coil Resistance:215
QSPA1 Relay
This is made to B.R. Specification No. 934 A.
By provision of a copper slug it is made AC immunised and by a magnetic
shunt delayed release feature is obtained.
The copper slug and magnetic shunt are provided in the same rear side of the
core.
QSPA1 Relay
Contact Layout:
F
8F 4B
Coil Resistance:195
QNA1 Relay
QNA1 Relay
Contact Layout:
F
12F 4B
Coil Resistance:215
8F 8B
C
QNN1 Relay
This comprises two neutral line relays whose contacts and magnets are mounted
side by side with a common heel piece on a base.
BR specification 960.
These two relays operate independently to each other.
QNN1 Relay
Contact Layout:
F
BF
BF
CB
6F 4B
Coil
4F 4B
C
Resistance:440
Testing of Relay
Relay tests are required to prove that a relay meets the published specification
and complies with all relevant standards. Since the principal function of a
Signalling relay is to operate correctly under abnormal power conditions, it is
essential that the performance be assessed under such conditions. Comprehensive
type tests simulating the operational conditions are therefore conducted at the
manufacturer's works during the development and certification of the equipment.
Routine Factory Production Tests:
These are conducted to prove that relays are free from defects during
manufacture. Testing will take place at several stages during manufacture, to
ensure problems are discovered at the earliest possible time and hence minimise
remedial work. The extent of testing will be determined by the complexity of the
relay and past manufacturing experience.
Commissioning Tests:
These tests are designed to prove that a particular protection scheme has been
installed correctly prior to setting to work. All aspects of the scheme are
thoroughly checked, from installation of the correct equipment through wiring
checks and operation checks of the individual items of equipment, finishing with
testing of the complete scheme.
Periodic Maintenance Checks:
These are required to identify equipment failures and degradation in service, so
that corrective action can be taken. Because a protection scheme only operates
under fault conditions, defects may not be revealed for a significant period of
time, until a fault occurs. Regular testing assists in detecting faults that would
otherwise remain undetected until a fault occurs.
Rating Tests:
Rating type tests are conducted to ensure that components are used within their
specified ratings and that there are no fire or electric shock hazards under a
normal load or fault condition of the power system. This is in addition to
checking that the product complies with its technical specification. The following
are amongst the rating type tests conducted on protection relays, the specified
parameters are normally to IEC 60255-6.
Thermal Withstand:
The thermal withstand of VTs, CTs and output contact circuits is determined to
ensure compliance with the specified continuous and short-term overload
conditions. In addition to functional verification, the pass criterion is that there is
no detrimental effect on the relay assembly, or circuit components, when the
product is subjected to overload conditions that may be expected in service.
Thermal withstand is assessed over a time period of 1sfor CTs and 10s for VTs.
Conclusion
The training at WESTING HOUSE SAXBY FARMER LIMITED helped me to
understand the manufacturing of signalling relay. The training has proved to be
quite helpful. It proved an opportunity for encounter with signalling relays. The
architecture of W.S.F.L., the way various units are linked and the way
working of whole plant is controlled make the students realize that Engineering
is not just structural description but greater part is planning and
management. It provides an opportunity to learn tech. Used at proper place and
time can save a lot of labour. Training has proved to be satisfactory. It has
allowed me an opportunity to get an exposure of the practical implementation of
theoretical fundamentals.