Paper updates

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z4M_qwILLRehPbVRUsJ3OF8Iir-gqS-ZYe7W-LE9gnE/edit#heading=h.m6iml6hqrnm2

Hyperledger
Whitepaper

Abstract
Thispaperdescribesindustryusecasesthatdrivetheprinciplesbehindanew
blockchainfabric,andoutlinesthebasicrequirementsandhighlevelarchitecturebased
onthoseusecases.Thedesignpresentedheredescribesthisevolvingblockchain
fabric,called
Hyperledger
,asaprotocolforbusinesstobusinessand
businesstocustomertransactions.Hyperledgerallowsforcompliancewithregulations,
whilesupportingthevariedrequirementsthatarisewhencompetingbusinesseswork
togetheronthesamenetwork.Thecentralelementsofthisspecification(described
below)aresmartcontracts(a.k.a.chaincode),digitalassets,recordrepositories,a
decentralizedconsensusbasednetwork,andcryptographicsecurity.Tothese
blockchainstaples,industryrequirementsforperformance,verifiedidentities,private
andconfidentialtransactions,andapluggableconsensusmodelhavebeenadded.
ForquestionsregardingHyperledgerterminology,checkoutour
glossary
.

Background
Blockchain
isanemergingtechnologypatternthatcanradicallyimprovebanking,
supplychain,andothertransactionnetworks,creatingnewopportunitiesforinnovation
andgrowthwhilereducingthecostandriskofrelatedbusinessoperations.Withthe
rapidemergenceofBitcoininthetransactionsdomainsince2009,manybusinesses
andindustrieshaveinvestedsignificantresourcesininvestigatingtheunderlying
technologythatpowersthepopular,yetcontroversial,cryptocurrency.
Blockchainisapeertopeerdistributedledgertechnologythatfirstgainedtractioninthe
financialindustrybecauseofitscapacitytoissue,trade,manage,andserviceassets
efficientlyandsecurely.Thedistributedledgermakesiteasytocreatecostefficient
businessnetworkswithoutrequiringacentralpointofcontrol,inmarkedcontrasttothe
worldofSoR(SystemofRecords),whereeverymemberintheecosystemneedsto
maintainitsownledgersystemandreconciletransactionupdateswithoneanotherin
inefficient,expensive,andoftennonstandardizedinterorganizationaloperationflows.
Asthesharedledgerconceptgainstrackinginthebusinessworld,blockchain
smart
contracts
arealsogettingalotofattentionfromindustry[Eth].Asmartcontractisa
collectionofbusinessruleswhicharedeployedonablockchainandsharedand
validatedcollectivelybyagroupofstakeholders.Asmartcontractcanbeveryusefulin
automatingbusinessprocessesinatrustedwaybyallowingallstakeholderstoprocess
andvalidatecontractualrulesasagroup.InHyperledger,smartcontractsare
implementedbychaincode.
Bitcoinandothercryptocurrenciesweredesignedtobecompletelyopen,decentralized,
andpermissionless:anyonecanparticipatewithoutestablishinganidentityoneonly
hastocontributebyspendingcomputationcycles.UndertheBitcoinmodelof
blockchain,thereisnocentralauthoritythatcontrolsadmissionthesenetworkshave

beencalledpermissionless.Throughtheirnatureofrequiringinnumerableproofofwork
computations,theyarecostlytooperate[N09].
Hyperledgertakesanovelapproachtothetraditionalblockchainmodel,inpartby
managingtheadmissionofparticipantsatitscore.Inotherwords,Hyperledgerisa
permissioned,sharedledger.Hyperledgersavescomputationcycles,scaleswell,and
respondstothemultitudeofindustrialusecaserequirementsbyprovidingasecure,
robustmodelforidentity,auditabilityandprivacy.
Entering2016,blockchainawarenesshasreachedthepointwheredemandforan
industrialstrength,extensiblesolutionissurging.

Whyanewfabric
Asafledglingtechnology,blockchainhasfallenshortofmeetingthemultitudeof
requirementsinherentinthecomplexworldofbusinesstransactions.Scalability
challenges,andthelackofsupportforconfidentialandprivatetransactions,among
otherlimitations,makeitsuseunworkableformanybusinesscriticalapplications.To
meetthevarieddemandsofthemodernmarketplace,Hyperledgerhasbeendesigned
forabroadarrayofindustryfocusedusecases,therebyextendingtheworkofthe
pioneersinthefieldbyaddressingtheexistingshortcomings.

Ourvision
Wehavedevelopedavisionforhowblockchaintechnologywillevolveandchangethe
fundamentalsofmoderncommercialtransactions.Basedonthisvision,wehave

examinedindustryusecases,identifiedkeyrequirements,anddesignedandbuilta
systemthatwebelievewillbringblockchaintechnologytothemasses.
Note:Toprepareyouforthematerialbelow,westronglyrecommendreviewingour
glossary
first.

Aworldofmanynetworks
Hyperledgerisbasedontheexpectationthattherewillbemanyblockchainnetworks,
witheachnetworkledgerservingadifferentgoal.Whiletheremaybeapopularsingle
instanceofageneralusenetwork,thereisnorequirementforanyonenetworkledger
torelyuponanyothernetworkforitscorefunctionality.Despitethislevelofnetwork
independence,Hyperledgerstillrequiresanaddressingsystemthatallowstransactions
ononeledgertodiscoverandutilizeappropriatetransactionsandsmartcontracts
(chaincode)onotherledgers.

Figure1:Aworldofmanyblockchainnetworks

Increasingdemandforpermissionednetworks
Wedescribepermissionednetworksasthosewherevalidatingandnonvalidating
nodesarerunbyknownwhitelistedorganizations,andwheretransactorsonthe
networkaregrantedanidentityfromanissuingauthorityserviceonthenetwork.
Dependingonthepurposeofthenetwork,theissuingauthorityassignstheappropriate
levelofaccessthatisrequiredtoobtainanidentityandtransactonthenetwork.A
networkcanberunverypublicly,makingiteasytointegrateintoamobileappproject,
oritcanbecompletelyprivateandknownonlytoinvitedparticipantswhoseidentities
havebeenvalidated.BecausetheHyperledgerfabricisdesignedtosupportmany
networkswithmanydifferentpurposes,andtoallowaddressingbetweenthem,the
protocolmustallowfordifferenttypesofusesanddistinctlevelsofpermissioning.

Importanceofbothprivacyandconfidentiality
Webelievethatoneofthefundamentalrequirementsforanyblockchainfabricisthat
theidentityandpatternsofbehaviorofanypartyonanetworkmustbeimpossiblefor
unauthorizedpartiestoascertainbyinspectingtheledger.Wealsoanticipatea
requirementtoallowblockchainuserstomakecertainbusinesslogicsand/orother
parametersofatransactionconfidential,renderingtheminaccessibletoanyoneother
thanthestakeholdersforthecontractortheassetbeingtransferred.

Industryusecases
Wehavecompiledasetofinitialblockchainrequirementsthatareconsideredessential
forsupportingthefollowingabstractusecases.

(Note:Theusecasesherehelpguidearchitectureandtestdrivendevelopment.While
stillaworkinprogress,theusecasesshouldbesomethingallcontributorsagreeon:
bothinthecontentandthestackrankedprioritizationofthem.Proposechangesifyou
feelthesemissthemark.Itisidealiftherearenomorethanfourabstractusecases,
andthreeispreferred.)

Businesscontracts
Businesscontractscanbecodifiedtoallowtwoormorepartiestoautomatecontractual
agreementsinatrustedway.Althoughinformationonblockchainisinherentlypublic,
B2Bcontractsoftenrequireprivacycontroltoprotectsensitivebusinessinformation
frombeingdisclosedtooutsidepartiesthatalsohaveaccesstotheledger.
Whileconfidentialagreementsareakeybusinesscase,therearemanyscenarios
wherecontractscanandshouldbeeasilydiscoverablebyallpartiesonaledger:for
example,aledgerusedtocreateoffers(asks)seekingbids.Thistypeofcontractmight
needtobestandardizedsothatbidderscaneasilyfindthem.

Assetdepository
Assetssuchasfinancialsecuritiesmustbeabletobedematerializedonablockchain
network,sothatallstakeholdersofanassettypewillhavedirectaccesstoeachasset,
allowingthemtoinitiatetradesandacquireinformationonanassetwithoutgoing
throughlayersofintermediaries.Tradesshouldbesettledinnearrealtime,andall
stakeholdersmustbeabletoaccessassetinformationinnearrealtime.Astakeholder
shouldbeabletoaddbusinessrulesforanygivenassettype,whichfurtherreduces
operatingcostsbyimplementingautomationlogic.Thecreatoroftheassetmustbe
abletomaketheassetandanyrulesassociatedwiththetradingofthatassetprivate
andconfidential,orpublicastheusecasewarrants.

Supplychain
Theblockchainfabricmustprovideameanstoalloweveryparticipantonasupply
chainnetworktoinputandtracksourcingofrawmaterials,recordpartsmanufacturing
telemetry,trackprovenanceofgoodsthroughshipping,andmaintainimmutablerecords
ofallaspectsoftheproductionandstorageofafinishedgoodthroughtosaleand
afterwards.Inadditiontoemployingboththe
Businesscontracts
and
Asset
depository
patternsdescribedpreviously,thiscaseemphasizestheneedtoprovide
deepsearchability,backwardsintimethroughmanytransactionlayers.This
requirementisatthecoreofestablishingprovenanceforanymanufacturedgoodthatis
builtfromothercomponentgoods.
Formoredetailsaboutusecasesandtheirrequirements,andtovisualizehowthese
usecasescanbepluggedintoablockchainbasedsystem,pleaseclick
here.

Featuredrequirements
Thefeaturedrequirements(describedbelow)arebasedonrobustindustryusecases,
whichhavebeendrivenintotheresultingHyperledgerarchitecture.Theserequirements
includeidentityandauditability,privatetransactions,confidentialcontracts,modular
consensus,performance,scalability,chaincodeandsmartcontracts.

Identityandauditability
Althoughprivatetransactionsareimportant,businessusageofblockchainalsorequires
compliancewithregulationsandaccessforregulatorstoinvestigatetransaction
records.Apartytoatransactionmustalsobeabletoproveitsidentityandownershipof
anassetafterthefact(sometimesyearsafterthefact),withoutthemechanismfor

establishingthatidentityalsoenablingthedeterminationofaparty'sidentityand/ortheir
activitiesontheledger.
Asaresult,theHyperledgerprotocolstartswithacryptographiccertificate
encapsulatingausersconfidentialdata,whichisregisteredonaRegistrationAuthority.
TheRegistrationAuthoritycanissueandrevokeidentitiesthatareparticipatingina
network.Fromeachidentity,theprotocolcangeneratesecuritykeysformembersto
transactonanetwork,whichconcealtheidentitiesofthetransactingparties,providing
privacysupporttothenetwork.
Stillhavequestionsonidentityandauditability?Checkoutthe
identitymanagement
sectionofFAQ.

Privatetransactionsandconfidentialcontracts
Iftransactionpatternsareopentobeingobservedandinterpreted,sharedledgerscould
giveawaydetailsaboutbusinessrelationshipsthatshouldnotberevealedto
competitors.Intightsupplier/buyercommunities,evenoneparty'srelativevolumeof
tradeisinformationthatshouldnotberevealedbyasystemsupportingtradebetween
parties.Therefore,abusinessreadyblockchainmustprovidemechanismstoconceal
identity,transactionpatterns,andtermsofconfidentialcontractsfromunauthorizedthird
parties.
WithinHyperledger,contentconfidentialityisachievedbyencryptingthetransactions
suchthatonlythestakeholderscandecryptandexecutethem.Inaddition,apieceof
businesslogic(realizedbyasmartcontract)canalsobecryptographicallysecured(if
confidentialityisrequiredbyitsstakeholders)sothatitonlygetsloadedanddecrypted
atruntime.Thisisfurtherexplainedinthearchitecturebelow.
Stillhavequestionsonconfidentiality?Checkoutthe
confidentialitysection
ofFAQ.

Modularconsensus
Becausedifferentindustriesandregionsmayruntheirownnetworks,differentnetworks
mightneedtodeploydifferentconsensusalgorithmstofittheirusagescenarios.
ConsensusalgorithmsundertheHyperledgerprotocolmustbepluggable,allowing
userstoselecttheconsensusalgorithmoftheirchoiceduringdeployment.The
HyperledgerprotocolwillprovideanimplementationofByzantineFaultTolerance(BFT)
initsinitialrelease,usingthePBFTprotocol[CL02].Weanticipatethatthecommunity
willcontributeadditionalconsensusalgorithmmodulesinthefuture.
StillhavequestionsonconsensusandwanttoexploremoreaboutHyperledger's
prepackagedconsensusimplementations?Checkoutthe
consensussection
ofFAQ.

Logic=Chaincode=Smartcontracts
Blockchainlogic,oftenreferredtoas"
smartcontracts
,"areselfexecutingagreements
betweenpartiesthathaveallrelevantcovenantsspelledoutincode,aresettled
automatically,andcanbedependentuponfuturesignaturesortriggerevents.Inthe
Hyperledgerproject,wecallthis"chaincode"tohelpestablishclaritybetween
blockchainlogicandthehumanwrittencontractsthattheycansometimesrepresent.
(Thistermisstillunderreviewandmaychange.)
Thechaincodeconceptismoregeneralthanthesmartcontractconceptthatwas
definedbyNickSzabo[SC].Chaincodecanbewritteninanymainstreamprogramming
language,andexecutedincontainersinsidetheHyperledgercontextlayer.Chaincode
providesthecapabilitytodefinesmartcontracttemplatinglanguage(similartoVelocity
orJade),andtorestrictthefunctionalityoftheexecutionenvironmentandthedegreeof
computingflexibilitytosatisfythelegalcontractualrequirements.

Stillhavequestionsonchaincodeandhowisitusedtocreatebusinesscontractsand
digitalassets?Checkoutthe
chaincodesection
ofFAQ.

PerformanceandScalability
IfblockchainbecomesthefabricofaneconomicallyawareInternet,thenitmustbe
designedforperformanceoverthelongterm.Aledgerorsetofledgersmustbeableto
operatecontinuouslyfor100+years,andstillallowdiscoverability,search,identity
resolutionandotherkeyfunctionsinuseracceptabletimeframes.Likewise,thenumber
ofnodesandtransactorsonagivennetworkcouldbecomeextremelylargeovertime
thefabricmustbeabletohandlesuchexpansionwithoutperformancedegradation.
Stillhaveusagerelatedquestions?Checkoutthe
usagesection
ofFAQ.
asindicatedinFigure1.

Architecture
Figure2belowshowstheHyperledgerreferencearchitecturealignedinthree
categories:Membership,BlockchainandChaincode.Thesecategoriesarealogical
structure,notaphysicaldepictionofpartitioningofcomponentsintoseparate
processes,addressspacesor(virtual)machines.
Someofthesecomponentswillbebuiltfromthegroundup,somewilluseexisting
opensourcecode,andsomewillinterfacewithexistingservicestofulfilltherequired
functions.


Figure2:Hyperledgerreferencearchitecture
Membershipservicesmanagesidentity,privacyandconfidentialityonthenetwork.
Participantsregistertoobtainidentities,whichenablestheAttributeAuthoritytoissue
securitykeysfortransacting.ReputationManagerenablesauditorstoviewtransactions
pertainingtoaparticipant,assumingthateachauditorhasbeengrantedproperaccess
authoritybytheparticipants.
Blockchainservicesmanagethedistributedledgerthroughapeertopeerprotocol,
whichisbuiltonHTTP/2.Thedatastructuresareoptimizedtoprovideefficientschemes
formaintainingtheworldstatereplicatedatmanyparticipants.Differentconsensus
algorithmsguaranteeingstrongconsistency(toleratingmisbehaviorwithBFT,tolerating
delaysandoutageswithcrashtolerance,ortoleratingcensorshipwithproofofwork)
maybepluggedinandconfiguredperdeployment.

Chaincodeservicesareasecuredandlightweightwaytosandboxthechaincode
executiononvalidatingnodes.Theenvironmentisa"lockeddown"andsecured
containerwithasetofsignedbaseimageswhichcontainsecureOSandchaincode
language,runtimeandSDKimagesforGolang(ready),Java(planned),andNode.js
(planned).Additionalprogramminglanguagescanbeenabledifrequired.

MEMBERSHIP
Hyperledgerisaprivatevalidatornetworkprotocol,soall
entitiesarerequiredtoregisterwithmembershipservices
toobtainanidentitywithaccessandtransactionauthority
onthenetwork.Validatorsduringnetworksetupcan
determinethelevelofpermissionthatisrequiredto
transact.Networksetupalsodefinesthenetworkas
permissive,allowingeaseofaccessandsupportforrapid
andhighadoption,orrestrictiveforamorecontrolled
environment.
Registration
serviceoffersthecontrolandmanagement
ofauthorizationsforHyperledgerparticipation.

IdentityManagement
serviceprovidesthemanagement
ofassuranceandauthorizeddisclosureofassociationof
identitiesandrolestoHyperledgerparticipants.

Auditability
serviceoffersthecapabilitytoprovide
authorizedentitieswiththemeanstolinktransactionsof
individualusers,orgroupsofusersaccordingto

affiliationsorroles,andtoaccesstheactivityofa
particularuserofthesystem,ortheoperationofthe
systemitself.

BLOCKCHAIN
Blockchainservicesconsistsofthree
keycomponents:PeertoPeer(P2P)
Protocol,DistributedLedgerand
ConsensusManager.
P2PProtocol
uses
GoogleRPC
,which
isimplementedoverHTTP/2standards,
providingmanycapabilitiesincluding
bidirectionalstreaming,flowcontrol,
andmultiplexingrequestsoverasingle
connection.Mostimportantly,itworks
withexistingInternetinfrastructure,
includingfirewalls,proxiesandsecurity.
Thiscomponentdefinesmessages
usedbypeernodes,frompointtopoint
tomulticast.

DistributedLedger
managesthe
blockchainandtheworldstateby
implementingthreekeyattributes:

 Efficientlycalculatinga
cryptographichashoftheentire
datasetaftereachblock.
Efficientlytransmittingaminimal
"delta"ofchangestothedataset,
whenapeerisoutofsyncand
needsto"catchup."
Minimizingtheamountofstored
datathatisrequiredforeach
peertooperate.

DistributedLedgeruses
RocksDB
topersistthedataset,andbuildsaninternaldata
structuretorepresentthestatethatsatisfiesthethreeattributes.Largefiles
(documents,etc.)arestoredinoffchainstorage,notontheLedger.Theirhashescan
bestoredonchainaspartofthetransactions,whichisrequiredtomaintaintheintegrity
offiles.
Hyperledgersupportstwotypesoftransactions:codedeployingtransactionsand
codeinvokingtransactions.Acodedeployingtransactioncansubmit,updateor
terminateapieceofchaincode,andthevalidatingnodemustprotecttheauthenticity
andintegrityofthecodeanditsexecutionenvironment.Bycontrast,acodeinvoking
transactionisanAPIcalltoachaincodefunction,whichissimilartohowURIinvokesa
servletinJEE.Notethateachchaincodemaintainsitsownstate,andafunctioncallisa
commonmethodfortriggeringchaincodestatechanges.
ConsensusManager
isanabstractionthatdefinestheinterfacebetweenthe
consensusalgorithmandtheotherHyperledgercomponents.ConsensusManager
receivestransactions,anddependingonthealgorithm,decideshowtoorganizeand
whentoexecutethetransactions.Successfulexecutionoftransactionsresultsin
changestotheledger.

HyperledgerprovidesanimplementationoftheByzantineAgreement,withadvanced
featuresinfaulttoleranceandscalability.
EventHubinadecentralizednetworkiscomplexinnature,becauseaneventcan
appeartooccurmultipletimes,onceoneachpeernode.Callbackscanendup
receivingmultipleinvocationsforthesameevent.Therefore,apeernode(preferably
nonvalidatingandlocal)managestheeventpub/subthatapplicationsareinteracting
with.Thepeernodeemitseventsasconditionssatisfied,innoparticularorder.Events
donotpersist,soapplicationsshouldcaptureeventsifrequired.

CHAINCODE
Asdefinedintheprevioussections,achaincodeisa
decentralizedtransactionalprogram,runningonthe
validatingnodes.
ChaincodeServices
uses
Docker
tohostthechaincode
withoutrelyingonanyparticularvirtualmachineor
computerlanguage.Dockerprovidesasecured,
lightweightmethodtosandboxchaincodeexecution.The
environmentisa"lockeddown"andsecuredcontainer,
alongwithasetofofsignedbaseimagescontaining

secureOSandchaincodelanguage,runtimeandSDK
imagesforGolang.Additionalprogramminglanguages
canbeenabled,ifrequired.

SecureRegistryServices
enablesSecuredDocker
RegistryofbaseHyperledgerimagesandcustomimages
containingchaincodes.

Theworldstaterepresentsthestateforeverychaincode.
Eachchaincodeisassigneditsownstatethatcanbe
usedtostoredatainakeyvalueformat,wherekeysand
valuesarearbitrarybytearrays.Theworldstatealso
containstheblocknumbertowhichitcorresponds.

Chaincodetransactionsaretimeboundedandconfiguredduringchaincode
deployment,whichissimilartoadatabasecalloraWebserviceinvocation.Ifa
transactiontimesout,itisconsideredanerrorandwillnotcausestatechangesonthe
Ledger.Onechaincodefunctioncancallanotherchaincodefunctionifthecalleehas
thesamerestrictiveconfidentialityscopethatis,aconfidentialchaincodecancall
anotherconfidentialchaincodeiftheysharethesamegroupofvalidators.
Astransactionsareruninanewblock,adeltafromtheworldstateinthelastblockon
theblockchainismaintained.Ifconsensusisreachedforthecurrentblock,thechanges
arecommittedtothedatabase,andtheworldstateblocknumberisincrementedby1.If
peersdonotreachconsensus,thedeltaisdiscardedandthedatabaseisnotmodified.

Applicationprogramming
interface

HyperledgerincludestheRESTandJSONRPCAPIs,events,andanSDKfor
applicationstocommunicatewiththenetwork.Typically,applicationsinteractwitha
peernode,whichrequiressomeformofauthenticationtoensurethattheentityhas
properprivilegemessagesfromaclientaresignedbytheclientidentityandverifiedby
thepeernode.

HyperledgerprovidesasetofCLIstoadministerandmanagethenetwork.CLIcanalso
beusedduringdevelopmenttotestchaincodes.RESTAPIandSDKarebuiltontopof
JSONRPCAPI,whichisthemostcompleteAPIlayer.SDKwillbeavailableinGolang,
JavaScript,andJavaadditionalprogramminglanguagescanbeaddedasnecessary.
TheAPIspansthefollowingcategories:
IdentityEnrollmenttogetcertificatesorrevokeacertificate
AddressTargetandsourceofatransaction
TransactionUnitofexecutionontheledger
ChaincodeProgramrunningontheledger
BlockchainContentoftheledger
NetworkInformationabouttheblockchainnetwork
StorageExternalstoreforfilesordocuments
EventSub/pubeventsonblockchain

Applicationmodel
AnHyperledgerapplicationfollowsa
MVCBarchitectureModel,View,
Control,Blockchain.
VIEWLOGICMobileorWebUI
interactingwithcontrollogic.
CONTROLLOGICCoordinates
betweenUI,DataModeland
HyperledgerAPIstodrive
transitionsandchaincode.
DATAMODELApplication
DataModelmanagesoffchain
data,includingdocumentsand
largefiles.
BLOCKCHAINLOGIC
Blockchainlogicareextensions
oftheControllerLogicandData
ModelintotheBlockchainrealm.
Controllerlogicisenhancedby
chaincode,andthedatamodelis
enhancedwithtransactionson
theblockchain.
Forexample,aPaaSapplicationusing
Node.jsmighthaveaWebfrontend
userinterfaceoranativemobileapp
withabackendmodelprovidedbya
datamanagementservice.Thecontrol
logicmayinteractwithoneormore

chaincodestoprocesstransactionson
theblockchain.

NetworkTopology
Therearethreepotentialdeploymentmodels:Cloudhostedonenetwork,Cloudhosted
multiplenetworks,andParticipanthostedintranet.
Thesimplestandmostefficienttopologyisthe
Cloudhostedonenetwork
,where
eachparticipantownsanumberofpeernodes,includingvalidatingnodes.Eventhough
thenetworkisinacloudandhostedbyavendorwhoownsthephysicalhardware,the
participantscontractuallycontrolthecomputingresources,makingtheconfiguration
decentralizedwithinacentralizedenvironment.
The
Cloudhostedmultiplenetworks
environmentallowsparticipantstohavetheir
peernodeshostedbyanycloudprovider,giventhatpeernodescanconnecttoone
anotheroverHTTPs.
The
Participanthostedintranet
environmentusesnetworksthatareownedbythe
participants,withanHTTPschannel.

Conclusion
Hyperledger
smissionistobringblockchaintechnologytomassmarkets.After
reviewingtheavailableblockchainsolutionsandhearingusecasesfrombothindustry

leadersandtechnologyevangelists,weareconvincedthatblockchainwillbean
extremelyimportanttechnologypatternthatcouldrevolutionizemanyindustriesand
businesses.
Wehaveobservedthatindustryisurgentlycallingforabusinessreadyblockchain
fabricthatisbothefficientandscalable,andoffersenterprisegradesupportforprivacy
andconfidentiality.Wehavealsodiscoveredmanydifferentcategoriesofusecases,
andeachmayrequireadifferentunderlyingblockchainimplementation.
Tofullyrealizethepotentialofblockchaintechnologyandtocreateastandardthatcan
beadoptedintomanydifferentuses,wedesignedtheHyperledgerfabrictobeboth
flexibleandextensible.Inaddition,wearealsoleadingthedefaultimplementationofthe
Hyperledgerprotocol,whichincludesmanyofthelatestadvancesinthevarious
computersciencedisciplines.
ToenhanceyourunderstandingoftheHyperledgerprotocol,weinviteyoutoreadour
protocolspecification
,whichwillprepareyoutostartusingHyperledgertobuildyour
applications,andtocontributetotheproject.

References
[CL02]MiguelCastroandBarbaraLiskov,
PracticalByzantineFaultTolerance
[SC]Wikipedia,
SmartContract
[N09]SatoshiNakamoto,
Bitcoin:APeertoPeerElectronicCashSystem
[Eth]
EthereumWhitepaper