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a people permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common habits andcustom i
nto one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government,
independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, capable o
fmaking war and peace and of entering into international relations with other states.
Elements of State
1. People - the population living in a state.
2. Territory - includes the land, the rivers, the sea, and the air space which the jurisdiction of the
sate extends.
3. Government - the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried
out.
4. Sovereighnty - the power to command and enforce obedience free from foreign control.
THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF STATE
The Evolutionary Theory this theory is formed on the principle that the state was an evolution
of the family, becoming more and more complex as the family grew.
The Force Theory this theory is based upon the idea that a government arose when the
people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group.
The Divine Right Theory this theory is based on the notion that a god or multiple gods chose
certain people to rule a civilization or group of people.
The Social Contract Theory this theory is created in the 1600s when th European
challenged sovereign rulers. Those people were backed up by the philosopers that believed that
the origin of the state was in social contract.
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/
http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/philippines/philippines_geography.html
1. Expressively
a. By means of general law
b. By means of special law
2. Impliedly
a. When the government sues to recover money from an individual who has a claim against it.
b. When the government engages in commercial business or enters into a contract.
Forms of government
A. As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers
1. Monarchy- only one person has the supreme authority regardless of the source of his
election and the duration of his tenure
a.Absolute -ruler rules by divine right
b.Limited ruler rules in accordance with a constitution
2. Aristocracy- the political power is in the hands of few privileged class
3. Democracy -the political power is exercised by majority of the people
a.Direct or pure democracy- the will of state is formulated or expressed by the
people in mass meeting or primary assembly
b.Indirect, representative or republican - the will of state is formulated or expressed
by the relatively small and select body of persons chosen by people as
representatives
B. As to extent powers exercised by the central or national government
1. Unitary- the control of national and local affairs is exercised by national government
2. Federal- the power of government are divided by national and local affairs
C. As to relationship between the executives and the legislative branches of the government:
1. Parliamentary -the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of
office of the real executive
2. Presidential -the state makes executjve constitutionally independent of the legislature as
control
3. A single state may consist of one or more nations or peoples and conversely, a single nation may be
The government is only the agency through which the state expresses its will.
2. The government may change, 1fs form may change. but the state, as long as its essential elements