Grammar For Speaking and Writing

Basics
6-1-1.
Make your sentences longer and longer (= as long as possible)

+
-
l like A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, G, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y,
and Z.

- with (if, and, but, although, while ~ )

I like your hair and I love your shoes but~
If I become handsome, I will~
When I was young, I was~
Although I like her, I don't think she is~
While you write, I cut~
+
I got the rumor [news and information] that A and B are dating.

The rumor [news and information] that A and B are dating is shocking.

That A and B are dating is shocking.

The guy, the CEO of ABCDEFGHIGKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ company, is

handsome.

<> John, our E teacher, / There is no hope that S + V. / The fact of my

having seen a UFO cannot be denied. / He majors in astronomy, or the
science of stars and the universe. / the fact that / no doubt that

6-2.
~ From Knowing To Doing

+ - I was kicked by him.

The door will be closed by her. / I was given a chocolate.
Good students will be given reward.
I was given him do that.

+5

1.1 - I think, therefore I am.

2.2 Be & Come & Become - &

- Be Line - keep, remain, stay
ex) I am good and will be, keep, remain, and stay good.
- Come Line - go, get, come, become
ex) I am bad but will go, get, come and become good.

+ 3 = S+V+O - I had lunch / I want to do~

I want John. I want to get your attention.
Can I get your attention please.
(You = Alan) I want to do more homework.

<> 3~5
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3. John was wanted by them. = They wanted John.

4. I was given the book (by them) = They gave me the book.

5.I was told to run by them = They told me to run.

5.I was seen run by them = They saw me run.

!!! 5 . 3 5 (
)

+ 5 = S+V+O+O. C. - I want to~

I want John, the student and the class president, to get your attention.

I want or would like you to give me your attention.

I saw you dancing in the club.
I want you to listen to each other.
I would like you to do something.
I will help you learn English.
I am going to show you how to do it???
Let's leave the door open a bit.
I would like you to give us Korean chance.

(You = Alan)
Do you (=Alan) want me to speak louder?
I want Alan to give us more homework.

+ 4 = ~ 4 .
ex) buy / bring / show / tell / teach /

S+V+IO+DO - Give me chocolate

Give me your attention.

(You = Alan)
Can I ask you a question? / Can you give us more homework?
Can you teach me how I can spell ~? / Can you teach me how I can
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pronounce ~? / Can you tell me the meaning of A?

Advanced
. ( )

1.
? ~ing p. p.
? ()

There is a related topic.

I want to know the starting sentence.

I will tell you a story related to this topic.

Can you see the sentence starting with X in the middle of the page?

2. [All (that) you need] is love.

1) Basic

I met a woman. + She can speak six languages.

= I met a woman who can speak six languages.

I met a woman + John likes her.

= I met a woman who(m) John likes.

who
whom
whose

,
which
which
whose

This is the book you need.

Is there anyone who can summarize today's lesson?
The girl that offered me her seat on the train had a large bag.

Let's meet at the same place <where+that> we met last week.

Is this the reason <why+that> you disagreed with me?
That's the way <how+that> I was rescued.

2)
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All
that
that

a.
That's the woman (that, whom) I was telling you about.
All (that, which) you need is love.
This is the book (that, which) you need.

b. what
What (=The thing that) surprised me was his cold attitude.
Let's review what(=The thing that) we learned last week.

< 1> what

- what I am / What I have

- He is what is called (what people call) a self-made man.
- ~ It was blowing hard, and what was worse, it began to rain.
- ~ I found the beautiful wallet I had lost, and what is better, my credit
cards were still inside it.

< 2> 5W 1H + ever

You may invite to the party whoever would like to come.
Please come and see me whenever you want to.
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Whatever I did, no one paid any attention.

Which is my bed? - You can have whichever you like.

I will do whatever you tell me to do.

< 3>

Whatever happens, I will be with you. (=No matter what)

Whichever road you take, you'll get to the station. (=No matter which)
Don't change your mind, whatever happens. (=No matter what)
Wherever you are, remember that we will be thinking of you. (=No matter
where)
However much he eats, he never gets fat. (=No matter how)

3)
a.

The clothes looked really old which she had on last night.
The time will soon come when we can enjoy space travel.
There is something in her face that I don't like.

b.

He is the only man that I know who can speak Chinese.

This is the only guide book that I read and which is really useful.

c. which

Laura said she was very sick, which was not true.
Students admire Mr. Brown, which I think natural.
I tried to break the door open, which I found impossible.

4)

a. ( )
Stay where you are.
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This is the place in which you study.

This is the place where you study.

b. ~ Grammar In Use Advanced

He wrote her a long letter, which he didn't mail. = but he didn't mail.
We came to a park, where we rested for a while. = and there we rested for a
while.

. (, , )

1. : ~

1) So that & Such that

a. So that 1 = So that S+V ~, ~

Flip the pages so that I can check your homework.

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I will put it on the OHP so that everyone can see it.

b. Such N that

He made such a long speech that we were all tired.

I have gained so much weight that I can't get into this dress.
They got such an unexpected result from the experiment that they decided to
do it again.

< 1> So that 2 - so or (that) ... (~ too ... to ...)

He worries so much about his money matters that he can't sleep at night.
He ran so fast that the police couldn't catch him.

< 2> ~ , ~
Lest = for feat (that) ~ (should)

He hurried home for fear (that) he (should) miss his guests. = so that he might
not miss his guests.
I wrote down that his address for fear that I forget it.
They came in through the backdoor lest they (should) be seen.

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2.

? . ~ing p. p. (,
)

? , , ,
!!! although & as (=when, while, & because)
Complete the sentence using one of the words in the box.
= Using one of the words in the box, complete the sentence.
I gave it up knowing that I am not good at it.
I didn't give it up knowing that I am not good at it.
Try to guess what the word can be using your background knowledge.

Not knowing she liked me, I didn't call her.

South Korea being more advanced, the dear leader feels stressed.
Having studied so hard, I got the job.
(Being) Tired, I went home.

3.

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- to the extent~ : ~
I like you to the extent you like me.

- as long as ~ : ~ . ~
I'm ok as long as you love me.

- (in) the way S+V : S V (S V )

Do exactly the same way I am doing it.

. ( , , )

1.Basic
To see is to believe. / Seeing is believing. / (The fact) That you see is (the
idea) that you believe.
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2.It ,

It doesn't matter what kind of topic it is.

People consider it a lie not telling what others know.

People take the fact into consideration.

People take into consideration what they can, have to and want to gain.

3.5W 1H

I will see how well you have listened to my lesson.

Try to remember what you have learned today and answer the questions.
This is what you are going to need next time.
I am not sure if you can clearly ??? read my writing on the board.
I will pause here. Try to think what (+) will happen next.
Can you guess who I am?
Whether or if

<> ( )
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Whatever happens, I will be with you. (=No matter what)

Whichever road you take, you'll get to the station. (=No matter which)
Don't change your mind, whatever happens. (=No matter what)
Wherever you are, remember that we will be thinking of you. (=No matter
where)
However much he eats, he never gets fat. (=No matter how)

1. - ,
(If )

against

2.-

3.Were to -

were to v.

would, could, might
would, could, might +
have p. p.
would, could, might

4.Should -

should v.

would, could, might

1.-

1) If it were raining, we would not be playing soccer.

2) If it had rained yesterday, I would not have played soccer.

2-1) If it had rained yesterday, the sky would be much clearer.

3) If you were to lose, would you accept the result?

4) If a war should break out between the Koreas, many people would die.
2. - , , , ()
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I am (3 times) taller than you.

- (), (~er than), (you & me), ( (3 times))

1)
Your English is as good as mine.
You can speak English as well as mine. (I can).

Have you ever seen as charming a girl as Stella?

Learning to play tennis is not so easy as it seems.

He didn't sell as many videos as he thought he would.

It is as long and as boring a report as I have ever heard.

The pleasure of buying books lies not so much in reading them as in having
them available.

( - The pleasure of buying books lies not in reading them but in having
them available.)
2)
He has 3 times as many books as you do.
She earns twice as much money as her husband.
I use 3 times more water in my rice cooker than normally recommended.
The population of Canada is about two fifths as large as that of Korea.
~ a half, one-third, 2 thirds, a quarter.

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< 1> Not so much A as B : A < B (, Not A but B

)

His success is not so much due to his talent as his effort.

He is not so much a reporter as a writer.
I don't so much dislike him as hate him.

< 2> No more than . .

No more than five trains a day stop at this station.
He worked not more than two hours.
I owe him no less than 20,000 $ (dollars).
The audience was not less than 1,000 in all.

!!! Clear

I have no more than 10 won. = as little as, only

No less than 50 members got together. = as many as
It turned out to be no bigger than a mouse. = as small as
I love you as much as a man has ever loved a woman.

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< 3> than

Nothing is more practical than a good theory.

No people talk so much about the weather as the English.
Nothing interests me more than reading Tolstoy.
3. : .

1) : If had, were, should!!!

- Had it rained yesterday, I would not have played soccer.

- Were you to lose, would you accept the result?
- Should a war break out between the Koreas, many people ~.

2)

Little did I dream that such a thing would happen.

Some like coffee ; others tea.

Never will I forget your kindness.

Never do I want to go through such an experience again.
Only by shouting could I express my anger.
Behind his smile is a lot of pain.

So old was the food that it did not taste good.

My feelings I cannot express clearly.
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What I am today I owe to my father.

Some find happiness in money, others in fame.

Talking is easier than doing, and promising than performing.

Though very tired, he went on working.

She opened her mouth as if to say something.

4. (~)

You should buy and read the book.

John is a man of learning, but not of practice.
Live with, and not against, nature.
He always praises, and never scolds his pupils.
Those who are rich, but who are not healthy, cannot be happy.

5.
, it is often said, / , if not possible, / , believe it or not,

It is, so to speak, pie in the sky.

Helen, feeling tired, fell asleep on the floor.

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6.

1) Group 1

There was hardly any time left.

Far from reading the letter, she didn't even open it.
This composition is free from mistakes.

Today we cannot walk a few steps without noticing advertising.

There was no one who didn't get angry at the kids making noise in the theater.
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She has never failed to get a perfect score on any math exam.

Check-Up
Never will I forget your kindness.
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.
In no other way can the matter be explained.
Only then did I see the danger we were in.
Under the road run pipes for gas and water.
2) Group 2

A B
No sooner A than B, Scarcely (Hardly) A before (when) B

We had no sooner sat down than we found it was time to go.

= No sooner had we sat down than ~

No sooner had I said it than I was sorry.

I had scarcely come in before the phone began to ring.

Hardly had I got off the bus when it began to rain.
Hardly had Tom driven his new car out of the garage when it broke down.

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7.
Now that S + V - S V ... Now that you mentioned it, let's discuss that.

In case S + V ...
In case you are lost, let me know your phone number.

The moment S + V ...

The moment John saw Jane, he got speechless.

Once S + V ... S V
Once I find what l like, nothing can distract me.

By the time ... - By the time they call us, we have to wait.

Too or to ~ .
It is too good to be true. .
She ran too fast to be caught up. .

She is too beautiful woman (for me) to date.

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