THCH THIN SIU

dch v ch thch

LUN THNH DUY THC

B-TT H PHP V.V... TO
TAM TNG PHP S HUYN TRANG
DCH RA HN VN

TA
- Mun s mun vt t u n v s i v u ?
- Mun s mun vt l g m li t u n ri s
i v u ?
- Kia sng n ni, y ngi vt, ka nh ka xe
v.v... khng phi l mun s mun vt sao ?
- u phi. Hy theo di cuc m o gia vua
Di-lan- v T-kheo Na-tin th xem (vua Di-lan-
ngi gc Hy Lp, mt b tng ca -lch-sn i
(Alexander 356-323 trc Ty lch), cai tr vng Ty
Bc n ti thng lu Ng H, khong gia th k th
hai, ba trc Ty lch).
Mt hm vua n cha San-kh-a (Sankheyya) thm,
gp T-kheo Na-tin, ta ch cha ny. Vua hi :
- Bch i c, qu danh l g ?
- Ngi ta gi bn Tng l Na-tin. Cc php hu
ca bn Tng cng gi bn Tng l Na-tin. Nhng
l tn sung, t ra phn bit ngi n vi ngi kia
m thi, ch trong ci tn khng h c ci "ta hay
ci "ca ta.
Vua ngc nhin lin phn bua vi ngi chung
quanh :

- Cc v hy ghi nh li ca i c Na-tin va
ni. Ngi ni khng c ci ta trong ci tn Na-tin, c
tin c chng ?
Phn bua xong, vua hi tip :
- Bch i c, nu khng c ci "ta trong th
khi th ch cng dng y bt, vt thc v.v... ai thu
nhn ? Ai bo tn lun l, o ngha ? Ai tham Thin
nhp nh ? Ai hnh o nhp Nit-bn ? Ai gi gii ?
Ai phm gii ? Ai to nghip ? Ai chu qu ? Nu c k
git i c cng khng phm ti st sanh ? v.v...
Trm cha r, mong i c gii cho. Tha i c,
nghe r cha ?
- Tu i vng, nghe r.
- Ngi nghe khng phi l Na-tin sao ?
Vua hi.
- Khng phi. Na-tin p.
- Th th ai l Na-tin ? Tc trn u ngi
khng phi l Na-tin ?
- Khng phi.
- Mt, my, da, tht ngi khng phi l Na-tin
?
- Khng phi.
- Mt, tai, mi, li, thn, ngi khng phi l
Na-tin ?
- Khng phi.
- Tt c cc th y gom li khng phi l Na-tin ?
- Khng phi.
- Hay ngoi cc th l Na-tin ?
- Khng phi.
- Th sao on trc i c bo vi Trm rng
ngi ta gi i c l Na-tin, nh th l i c
ni di ?
i c Na-tin chm ri tu li :
- Tu i vng ! Chng hay i vng n y
bng i b hay bng xe ?

- Trm n bng xe, ch khi tin vo y, trm mi

i b.
Nghe xong i c Na-tin lin phn bua vi
ngi xung quanh, xin cc v nh cho, B h ni B h
n y bng xe, c th tin c khng? Phn bua
xong, i c Na-tin hi tip:
- Tu i vng, i vng bo rng ngi ng
n bng xe, l ngi ni tht ch ?
- Trm ni tht.
- Vy xin cho bn Tng bit r xe ca B h.
- Gng c phi l xe khng ?
- Khng phi.
- Trc c phi l xe khng ?
- Khng phi.
- Bnh c phi l xe khng ?
- Khng phi.
- Cm, thng, ch, dy cm, c phi l xe khng ?
- Khng phi.
- Hay cc th y gom li l xe chng ?
- Khng phi.
- Hay ngoi cc th y, cn c mt th c bit
khng dnh g cc th y, gi l xe ?
- Khng phi.
i c dng giy lt ri tu :
- Ny gi bn Tng gn hi tng tn cc th,
B h u tr li l khng phi xe. Nh vy sao va ri
i vng ni vi bn Tng l i vng n bng xe.
iu tng ng ng vc lm ! Xin qu v chung
quanh hy lm chng cho.
Qua cu chuyn m o thm thy, sng ng
th v , thy rng Na-tin ch l tn sung, ch
khng c Na-tin tht ; xe cng ch l ci tn sung,
ch khng c xe tht. Na-tin nh vy, xe nh vy, th
ni, sng, cy, c, ngi v vt cng u nh th.

Chng u l gi tng hin hu gia cc mi tng

quan tng duyn, ch khng tht c.
khng tht c th cn c l g hi, n c t
u v s i v u, c t bao gi, v bao gi tiu mt.
Ai li ng ngn i tm cho ra mt Na-tin khng tht,
mt chic xe khng tht, coi th c t u v i v u
?
Th nhng ti sao ta vn thy xe, thy ngui, vn
thy c mi s tc dng ?
l do thc bin. Cc duyn hp li l cc
duyn hp li ch sao li thnh xe, thnh ngi, thnh
ni, sng, cy c, thnh cc vi v.v... ? Cc duyn khng
phi xe, c sao hp li, li thnh xe; cc duyn khng
phi ngi, c sao hp li thnh ngi ? Nhng ci
khng phi xe hp li thnh xe, nhng ci khng phi
ngi hp li thnh ngi. Vy cc hn hp li sao
khng thnh cm ?
V li khi nhng th khng phi xe hp li, sao
khng gi l phi xe m li gi l xe ? Nhng th
khng phi ngi hp li, sao khng gi l phi
ngi m li gi l ngi ? D ni th hay ni phi u
khng ng. V c th xe mi c phi xe, c th ngi
mi c phi ngi, ch th xe tm khng thy, th lm
sao c phi xe, th ngi tm khng ra th lm sao c
phi ngi ? Vy th hay phi u do thc bin. Na-tin l
thc bin, xe l thc bin, ni, sng, ngi, vt v.v... l
thc bin. La ngoi thc th khng mt tng g hin
hu, cho nn Kinh ni : "Vn php duy thc ; v l
thc bin, th Na-tin ch l thc, xe ch l thc, ni,
sng, ngi, vt ch l thc. Tt c u ch l thc. u
ch l thc th bnh ng dung thng, khng trong
khng ngoi, khng xa khng nay, khng ln khng
nh v.v... Nh c c ni : "V bin st hi t tha bt
cch mao oan, thp th c kim thy chung bt ly
ng nim (mun vn th gii cng trn u my
lng, c kip xa nay khng la ngoi mt nim).

Nhng thc bin c hai cch :

1. Nhn duyn bin - c nhn duyn mi hin
hu, nh si dy hin hu c do c duyn gai kt
hp li, c tng, c dng, ch khng phi nh lng
ra, sng th. Mi hin hu trong th gian cng vy,
do thc phn bit danh tng, sc, tm, hun tp vo
Tng thc nhiu i nhiu kip thnh chng t (tp kh,
thi quen), c hu, nn khi thc mng khi th lin hin
ra cc tng ng nh khi c hun tp vo Tng
thc, v trong t phn bit ra Kin phn c nng
lc nhn bit v Tng phn l i tng ca nhn
bit. Kin, Tng phn nh vy l nhn duyn bin.
y, tt c ch c thy v b thy, bit v b bit, ch
khng g khc. Khng c g l ni, sng, ngi, vt.
l nhn duyn bin.
2. Phn bit bin - tc nhng iu do vng tnh
phn bit bin ra, hon ton ch quan o tng, nh i
p nhm si dy tng lm l con rn, hoc nh
ngi b bnh cung lon thy cnh gii thay i khc
vi ngy thng. Cng nh th, Kin phn bit v
Tng phn b bit ni trn khng phi l ng v php
; ngi v vt, nhng tm phm phu phn bit sai lm
cho l ng v php, l ngi v vt. Nu tng ng
php ny c hun tp mi vo Tng thc thnh
chng t c sn, th khi thc mng khi ln lin thy
ng php.
Nhng g do phn bit bin th d thay i, loi b,
nhng g nhn duyn bin th kh thay i loi b. V
nhng g do tm thc ring ca mi ngi bin ra, gi
l bit bin, th d thay i ; cn nhng g do nhiu tm
thc ca nhiu hu tnh chung bin ra, gi l cng
bin, th kh thay i.
Tt c mi tng m ta gi l hin hu, u l
tng hin hu ca thc theo hai cch bin ra.
l Duy thc bin. Ni Duy thc bin cng ng ngha
vi ni "y thc bin. Nh cu tng th ba trong Lun

ny ni : "B y thc s bin", tc cc php kia nng

thc bin ra, hay nng thc khi ln.
Ht thy khng t hin hu m ch hin hu gia
cc mi quan h, gia cc duyn, theo Tnh Khng th
gi l Duyn khi hay Duyn sanh, theo php
Tng Duy Thc tng th gi l "y tha khi. Duy
thc bin, y thc bin cng tc y thc khi. Ni y tha l
nng ci khc, ci khc l phim ch, cn ni y thc l
ch tc l thc, ch nh c th. Thc l mt trong
nhng ci duyn cho cc hin hu ; nhng thc l ci
duyn c bit, r rt bao qut hn c ; cho nn, y
khng ni y tha khi chung chung m ni thng y thc
bin, y thc khi", hay "A-li-gia duyn khi.
Ni y thc bin cn c tc dng c bit l i tr
ci bnh vng ngoi tha ha, xoay nhn li mnh,
thy li mnh vn l ch nhn ng ca mi hin hu,
nh thy li bn lai din mc. T chuyn b dn li
thy bit sai lm gy au kh, thnh ci tr tu Bt-nh,
tr i vin cnh, xy dng cnh gii an vui t ti.
o l Duy tm, Duy thc ny c ni nhiu
trong cc kinh. V o Pht l o ch trng ch tm,
ly tm truyn tm, tm l gc ca m ng, nh kinh
Php C ni : "Tm l ch, tm dn u cc php, tm
to tc, ni hay lm vi tm nhim th s kh s ko
n nh bnh xe ln theo chn con vt ko..."Hoc nh
Kinh Hoa Nghim ni : "Nht thit duy tm to. Kinh
Lng Gi ni : "Do t tm chp trc ; tm hin t
cnh bn ngoi, cnh c thy chng phi c tht ;
th nn ni duy tm. Kinh Gii Thm Mt ni : "Cnh
s duyn ca cc thc, u do cc thc hin v bit
bao ch tm, ch thc, nh ch thc duyn danh sc,
A-li-da, thc thc v.v... tham, sn, si, nhn thc, nh
thc v.v... trong cc Kinh u c din t nh l
ngun gc ca mi s mi vt.
Cc B phi Pht gio khai trin v h thng ha
cc th tm y, r nt nht l phi Hu b h thng

ha thnh 75 php, trong tm l ch yu. n Dugi S a Lun h thng ha thnh 200 php, n
Duy thc tng th rt li cn 100 php, gm vo 5 v,
trong Tm thc l ch.
Nm v 100 php l :
1. Sc l tng ca thc nhn bit, ngoi thc th
khng c tng sc.
2. Tm vng l t th ca thc.
3. Tm s l quyn thuc, s thuc ca thc.
4. Bt tng ng hnh l ci bng ca Sc, Tm,
Tm s hp li.
5. V vi php l thc tnh ca thc.
100 php u l thc, lin h vi thc mi c
c.
C ngi ng rng : sng kia ni n khi ta cha
sanh n c, khi ta cht ri n vn cn, th sao gi l
thc bin ? Hoc nh chic my vi tnh, khi khoa hc
cha ch ra th khng ai bit, khi khoa hc ch ra ri
ngi ta mi bit, th sao gi l thc bin ?
u bit rng sng kia ni n khi ta cha sanh n
c, khi ta cht ri n vn cn, vy n c l c vi ai
? Cn vi ai ? Ai bit n c ? Ai bit n cn ? Nu khi
ta ang sng trong hin ti m bit c ni sng khi
ta cha sanh, hay sau khi ta cht, th l ci bit theo
tng tng, m tng tng th u phi ngoi thc.
V li ni kia sng n l c, my vi tnh l c, ci
c c ging ci c ca Na-tin di mt vua Di-lan, hay ci c ca chic xe di mt Na-tin khng ?
Nu ci c cng ging ci c ca Na-tin di mt
vua Di-lan-, ci c ca chic xe di mt Na-tin, th
u l ci c do thc bin.
Khng phi ni m thy ni, l thc bin. Khng
phi sng m thy sng, l thc bin. Khng phi vy
m thy vy, l thc bin.

 xin dng o l Duy thc mt cch h thng

cht ch, u th k th nm Ty lch, B-tt Thin
Thn (Vasubandhu) da cc kinh i tha A-t-tma, Nhp Lng-gi, Gii Thm Mt, nht l lun Dugi S a, Hin Dng Thnh Gio, Nhip i Tha,
Bin Trung Bin v.v... m vit ra 30 bi tng ngn gn,
nhng ni dung ht sc phong ph. C th chia lm 4
phn sau y :
- Phn u : Ph chp ng php, tc thuc Bin k
s chp tnh.
- Phn hai : Ging k v Duy thc tng, tc
thuc Y tha khi tnh.
- Phn ba : Ging v ba V tnh, tc Duy thc
tnh, thuc Vin thnh tht tnh.
- Phn bn : Ging v s tu chng qua nm hnh v.
Hoc theo xa c nhiu cch chia nh : Trong ba
mi bi tng, hai mi bn bi u ni v Tng Duy
thc, bi th hai mi lm ni v tnh Duy thc, nm
bi cui cng ni Hnh v tu chng Duy thc.
Trong hai mi bn bi u ; mt bi ri u
lc ni Tng Duy thc, hai mi hai bi ri sau
ni rng v Tng Duy thc.
Ba t tnh : Bin k s chp, Y tha khi v Vin
thnh tht c ngha khng khc g ngha "khng,
gi, trung trong bi tng Trung lun : "Nhn duyn
s sanh php, ng thuyt tc th khng, th danh vi gi
danh, dic danh Trung o ngha. Bin k s chp
ng php l "khng", Tm, Tm s v Kin tng phn
Y tha khi huyn s l "gi. Vin thnh tht tc chn
nh l "trung.

Ngi Long Th ng trn chn khng v tng,

Vin thnh tht tnh m ph Bin k chp. Ngi Th
Thn ng trn Duy thc Y tha khi ph bin k
chp. Hai phng thuc cng cha mt bnh, bnh o
tng v tht ng, tht php.
Lun s Thanh Bin v ph vng tnh chp c cho
nn ni ht thy php u khng. Lun s H Php v
ph vng tnh chp khng. Cho nn ni ht thy php
Duy thc huyn c. Ni khng ph c, ni c ph
khng, u cng mc ch a tri kin ngi ta ti ch
ng nhp tht tng Trung o, la t c tuyt bch
phi.
Ni Bt-nh khng, nhng khng phi tr li ni
khng. Nu tr li ni khng th thnh c th khng.
Ni Duy thc c, nhng khng phi tr li ni Duy
thc c. Nu tr li ni Duy thc c, tc l php chp.
Nh trong lun Thnh Duy Thc cun hai ni : "Nu
chp Duy thc l tht c, th khng khc g chp ngoi
cnh, cng l php chp.
B-tt Thin Thn vit xong ba mi bi tng Duy
thc ny vo lc cui i mnh, cha kp gii thch. S
d c c s gii thch chi ly nh ngy nay cn thy
c l do mi v i lun s ni nhau ch gii.
Trong mi i lun s ny, ngi Thn Thng,
Ha Bin l ng thi ngi Thin Thn, cch hn 100
nm sau ngi Thin Thn, c tm i lun s l c
Hu, An Hu, Nan-, Tnh Nguyt, Thng Hu, Trnna, Tr Nguyt v t ngi Trn-na l ngi H Php,

cng nhau tip tc gii thch, mi v mi quyn, mi

v thnh 100 quyn.
Ngi Huyn Trang sau 16 nm du hc n v
Trung Hoa rt yu ngha ca 100 quyn lun kia, dch
ra Hoa vn tm gn trong 10 quyn. Trong 10 quyn
nay l ngha ch yu l ca ngi H Php, cho nn ni
B lun Thnh Duy Thc 10 quyn nay do H Php
v.v... to. Chnh ngi Gii Hin, ch tr trng i
hc Pht gio Na-lan- lc Ngi Huyn Trang sang
n hc l t ca ngi H Php. Ngi Gii Hin
truyn cho ngi Huyn Trang mn hc Duy thc
nay.
Ni n Tam Tng php s Huyn Trang th i
a s ngi u bit, hoc bit qua tiu s, qua Ty Du
K hay bit qua phim Ty Du, ng Tam Tng thnh
Kinh. D qua cch no ngi ta cng thy Ngi l mt
bc v nhn hy hu. Nh hc gi Nguyn Hin L
vit v Ngi nh vy : "c xong tiu s ca ng, ta
mi thy tm gng ca ng li cho ta soi khng c
mt cht vt. Cc v nhn khc, tr vi v Thnh, cn c
th c ch cho ta khng phc, cn ng th sut i
thanh m, can m, cn c, hiu hc, l , khim tn,
trong sch v hy sinh.
Ngi khng nhng l mt Thnh tng, mt B-tt
trong Pht gio, m cn l mt nh s hc, vn hc,
tm l hc, trit hc v.v... mt no cng v i.
Th nhng c mt iu t ngi bit n, l
cng trnh dch thut v tin khong hu ca ngi

khng km chi cuc mo him i thnh kinh v tin

khong hu ca ngi.
Tht vy, vi Phn vn kh nh th, Hoa vn kh
nh th, o l kh nh th, m ngi dch rt nhiu
kinh sch Pht hn bt c ai.
T n ngi mang v Trung Hoa 520 hm gm
657 b Kinh Pht bng Phn vn. T khi v nc cho
n khi gc bt quy Ty, sut 19 nm rng m thm
chuyn dch, ngi dch c 75 b gm 1.335 cun,
trong ch yu l kinh i Bt Nh 600 cun, i Tb-sa lun 200 cun, Du-gi S a lun 100 cun,
Cu-x lun 30 cun, Hin Dng Thnh Gio lun 20
cun, Thnh Duy Thc Lun 10 cun v.v...
Gio l i tha Pht gio c 3 h, mt l h
"Php Tnh Khng Tu vi cc b kinh nh i Bt
Nh 600 cun v.v... Hai l h "Php Tng Duy Thc
vi cc b lun Du-gi S a 100 cun, Hin Dng
Thnh Gio lun 20 cun, Thnh Duy Thc lun 10
cun v.v... Ba l h "Php Gii Vin Gic vi cc b
kinh Vin Gic, Hoa nghim, Php Hoa, Nit-bn v.v...
Trong ba h , ngi Huyn Trang dch ht
chn phn mi cc kinh lun thuc h "Php Tnh
Khng Tu v "Php Tng Duy Thc. Hai h gio
l ny tuy cch trnh by khc nhau rt xa nhng cng
nhm mt ch ch l ph ng php chp, hin by
Trung o tht tng. Nh lun Thnh Duy Thc cun
hai ni : "Cc Tm, Tm s, v l php Y tha khi, nn
cng nh huyn s, chng phi tht c. V khin tr

bnh vng chp c tht cnh la ngoi Tm, Tm s,

nn ni Duy c Thc. Nu li chp Duy thc l tht c,
th chng khc g chp ngoi cnh, cng l php
chp. Cun by li ni : "Trc y ni cc thc
tng sai bit l da theo l th tc (Tc ) m ni,
ch khng phi da Chn thng ngha (Chn ).
Trong Chn thng ngha th Tm suy ming ni u bt
dt. Nh th r rng l ngha cui cng ca h Bt
Nh v h Du-gi c g khc nhau u.
Chc hn thm ng ch , nn ngi Huyn
Trang dch c kinh i Bt Nh ln lun Du Gi
mt cch dung thng t ti, khng vng mc thin
lch, nng bn ny nh bn kia.
Thi khng thin lch ny, ngi bc l ngay
khi cn hc ti n . Khi c lun s S T
Quang Tn Trung Qun m kch bc Du-gi, ngi
hi thng c Trung qun v Du-Gi vit ra bi lun
Hi Tng 3.000 bi tng ph chnh li bnh thin
chp khng ca S T Quang.
B lun Thnh Duy Thc ny l b lun cng
yu ca mn Duy thc hc, trnh by l Duy thc theo
lun php Nhn minh vi nhng t ng mi l, gin
c, ngha l khc chit, kin ca cc Lun s an
xen chng cht, hi p khng phn ranh gii r rng,
c khi cu hi n trong cu p, dng nhiu i danh
t b, th, do tht kh lng hiu cho chu o. ng
nh li tn thn ca Lun Duy thc xu yu : "Vn
tng hm nht t, thin hun ging nht ngn.

Ti dch b lun Thnh Duy Thc ny, trc ht v

lng ngng m chn dung ngi Huyn Trang, sau l
gp phn vi cc v ang nghin cu hoc ang
ging dy Duy thc c sch c bn v Duy thc
tham kho d dng hn. Lun Duy thc hay Cu-x c
kh nng lm sng ngha nhng cu Pht dy trong
cc kinh Nikya, A-hm nh cu : "Chng sanh nng
bn cch n m tn ti. Trong c "thc thc. Hay
"Hnh duyn thc", hay "Th, Non, thc", vy thc
trong cc cu l thc no ? Khng c Thnh Duy
Thc tng kh ni cho r.
D ti nhiu cng phu vo bn dch ny,
nhng chc chn khng sao trnh khi cn nhiu sai
st. Hy vng sau ny khi pht hin ra c hoc nh
Thin tri thc ch cho, ti s iu chnh li cho bn
dch c hon b hn.
Ma An c P.L. 2539-1995
THCH THIN
SIU
______

NGHA CH THNH DUY THC

Duy thc l duy ci bit, do ci bit, hoc y ni ci
bit (b y thc s bin).
Mun s mun vt khng t hin hu, ch hin hu
khi duyn, ch hin hu gia mi mi quan h, lp

ny lp khc trng trng v tn, mt lm duyn cho tt

c, tt c duy mt, tt c lm duyn cho mt, mt duy
tt c. Do ci ny c nn ci kia c, ci ny sinh nn
ci kia sinh, ci ny khng nn ci kia khng, ci ny
dit nn ci kia dit. Nh th l duyn khi, y tha khi.
Trong nu ni duy th ci no cng duy c ht,
duy sc, duy hng, duy v minh, duy cn, duy trn
v.v... Nh c c ni :"Nht sc nht hng, v phi
trung o. Ngi Thin Thai Tr Gi ni : "Ty nim
nht php, giai th php gii. (Bt c a ra mt php
no, php u l php gii mun php).
Thc l mt trong ht thy php, nhng thc c
nng lc c bit l phn bit bit c ci khc v t
bit c mnh, n l ch lc ngay trong mi mi
chng sanh. Chnh ci bit ny lm cho cc php trong
ng nht tnh duyn khi, v danh v tng, v th v
chung, v trung v bin (khng trong khng ngoi) ni
ln thin hnh vn trng, ri m mui chy theo gi
tng thin hnh vn trng m m trc, to
nghip, buc rng theo n, gy nn kh au.
Cc php khc khng c nng lc ny, ch c thc
mi c nng lc ny cho nn ch ni duy thc m
khng ni duy ci khc.
Li "Duy c ngha l gin bit, ngn khng c
ngoi cnh ; Thc c ngha l liu gii, biu th c ni
tm.
Ni Duy thc chnh l a ra li khai th, thc tnh
ngi ta hy t gic, hy qun tm mnh, nhn li ci
nng lc thin bin vn ha ngay trong mnh gn
lc n, trau di n, sa cha n phi bin ha nh th
no ch em li li lc, ch ng gy ra au kh.
n khi chuyn c tm thc thnh bn tr,
sng sut hon ton, l tr nht nh, sc tm bt nh,
khng cn ly sc lm sc, ly tm lm tm, c t ti
khng cn vng mc, s hi, th by gi khng cn

duy, khng cn thc, hay cn duy g cng c, v

ngi.
L Duy thc tim n trong li Pht ri rc cc
Kinh, B-tt Th Thn dng l vit thnh lun.
l do L thnh Gio, nn gi l Thnh Duy thc.
Ngc li cng chnh do lun ca ngi Th Thn m l
Duy thc c pht huy thnh lp, l do Gio thnh
L, nn gi l Thnh Duy thc. Li mi v i lun
S gii thch vn 30 bi tng Duy thc ca Ngi Th
Thn to thnh b lun Duy thc. l do Gio thnh
Gio nn gi l Thnh Duy thc.
Thnh Duy thc cng gi l Tnh Duy thc, v b
lun ny ging gii r rng rt ro o l Duy thc.
Tam Tng Php S Huyn Trang sau khi du hc
n mang v Trung Hoa (602-644), rt ly li ca
mi v i lun s nh H Php, c Hu, An Hu
v.v... gii v lun ba mi bi tng ca Ngi Th Thn,
ri dn li v dch ra b lun gi l Thnh Duy Thc
mi cun, lu truyn n nay.
LUN THNH DUY THC
Ci ly Duy thc tnh,
ng Thanh tnh trn phn.
Ti nay gii li Ngi.
V li lc hu tnh. (1)
- Nay to Lun ny ct lm cho ngi m mui
v hiu sai l "nh khng (ng khng, php khng)
c tr li hiu ng, hiu ng on tr hai trng
chng. Do ng chp, php chp nn pht sinh hai
trng chng, nu chng l ng khng, php khng th
trng chng kia lin on dit. Chng on dit v
chng c hai qu v th thng. Do on dit chng
phin no l th lm cho sanh t tng tc m chng
qu chn gii thot, do on dit chng s tri l th

lm ngn ngi s liu gii cnh s tri, m chng c

qu i B-.
Li v khai th cho ngi lm chp ng, php tht
c, m l Duy thc, khin h t ng l Nh khng,
bit ng nh tht l Duy thc.
- Li c ngi m v lm l Duy thc, nn hoc
chp ngoi cnh ging nh thc chng phi khng,
hoc chp ni thc ging nh cnh chng phi c ; hoc
chp cc thc dng th khc m th th ng ; hoc chp
la ngoi tm, khng ring c Tm s. V ngn chn cc
th d chp nh th, khin h hiu ng nh tht l Duy
thc thm diu, cho nn to Lun ny. (2)
I. LC NU TNG DUY THC (*)
Hi : Nu ch c thc th ti sao ngi th gian
v trong Thnh gio u ni c ng v php ?
Tng p :
Do gi thit ng php
C tng ng php chuyn.
Chng nng thc bin hin,
Thc Nng bin c ba.
L D thc, T lng,
V thc Liu bit cnh.
Lun rng : Th gian v Thnh gio ni c ng v
php, ch l do gi ni, ch chng phi c tht tnh.
Ng ngha l ch t, php ngha l qu tr. Hai th y
u c cc tng chuyn bin hin ra. Ng c cc tng
nh l hu tnh, mng gi v.v... D lu, Nht lai v.v...
php c cc tng nh l Tht, c, Nghip v.v... Un,

Cc tiu mc, cc s th t v cc ch hi - p l do ngi

dch thm vo.
(*)

X, Gii v.v... chuyn ngha l ty theo duyn thi thit

ra cc tng khc nhau.
Hi : Cc tng nh th nu do gi thuyt, th
nng vo u c thnh gi thuyt ?
p : Cc tng ng php nh th u nng vo
s chuyn bin ca thc m gi thi thit.
- Thc ngha l liu bit, nhn thc. Trong y ni
thc cng bao gm c Tm s, v n tng ng nhau
vy.
- Bin ngha l thc th chuyn bin ra hai phn
tng t l Tng phn v Kin phn. V Tng v
Kin u nng T chng phn ca thc m khi ln,
ri nng hai phn Kin, Tng ny m thi thit ng v
php. Ng v php kia la hai phn Kin, Tng ny th
khng c ch nng (tc phn bit gi).
Hoc li do ni thc chuyn bin thnh t ngoi
cnh, v do nng lc phn bit hun tp v ng php,
nn khi cc thc sanh khi lin bin thnh ra tng t
ng, tng t php. Tng ng php tuy ni thc,
nhng do phn bit m hin ra tng t nh l cnh
bn ngoi (nhn duyn gi). Cc loi hu tnh t v th
n nay, duyn theo tng t ng t php , chp cho
l tht ng, tht php. Nh ngi chim bao, do sc
chim bao m trn tm h hin ra cc tng t nh l
cnh bn ngoi, ri duyn theo h chp cho l tht
c ngoi cnh.
Ci tht ng, tht php ca k ngu phu chp trc
ny u khng tht c, n ch ty theo vng tnh m ba

t ra, cho nn ni n l gi (phn bit bin, phn bit

gi). Ni thc bin ra t ng t php, tuy c m khng
phi tht c tnh ng php, nhng t nh l c ng php
hin ra, nn ni l gi (nhn duyn bin, nhn duyn
gi).
Ngoi cnh theo vng tnh m ba t ch chng
phi c nh thc, cn ni thc chc chn nng nhn
duyn sanh, nn chng phi khng nh cnh. Nh
bn ngn c hai th chp l chp tng v chp gim
(ng php khng m chp cho l tht c, l chp
tng. Ni thc c m li chp cho l khng, l chp
gim).
Cnh nng ni thc m gi lp, cho nn n ch c
trn mt th tc (tc ), cn thc l ch nng ca gi
cnh, nn n cng c trn mt thng ngha (l rt ro).
(3)

II. PH CHP NG
- Lm sao bit c tht khng c ngoi cnh, ch
c ni thc sanh ra t nh ngoi cnh, nn khng th c
tht ng, tht php ?
- Th no l khng th c tht ng ?
- Chp tht ng lc c ba th :
1. Chp ng th thng hng chu bin, lng
ng vi h khng, ty ni to nghip m th kh, th
vui.
2. Chp ng th tuy thng m lng th bt nh,
ty theo thn ln nh m n c dn ra hoc rt li.

3. Chp ng th thng nhng rt vi t nh mt

cc vi, n thm chuyn dch trong thn, to tc s
nghip.
- Li chp ng th nht y khng ng l. V sao?
Chp ng l thng hng chu bin, lng ng vi h
khng, th l ng ng y khng theo thn chu s
kh vui. Li ng l thng, l bin th l ng ng y
khng ng chuyn, nh th lm sao ng y c th theo
thn to tc cc nghip ?
Li ci ng b chp l ng hay l khc gia cc
loi hu tnh ? Nu ni ng, th khi mt ng ca hu
tnh ny lm, l ng tt c ng ca cc hu tnh khc
u lm, khi mt ng th qu th l ng tt c ng khc
u th, khi ng ca hu tnh ny c gii thot, th l
ng tt c ng ca cc hu tnh khc u gii thot ?
Nu vy, th mc li ln. Cn nu ni khc th, m cc
ng ca cc hu tnh li cng bin khp, th th th ca
cc ng cng ln ln nhau. Li khi mt ng tc
nghip, mt ng th qu, m ng v cng vi cc ng
khc mt ch khng ring bit, th l ng phi gi l
tt c ng tc nghip, tt c ng th qu. Nu cho rng
tc nghip, th qu u c s thuc ring, nn khng
mc li y th l cng khng ng. Bi v ng th ca
cc hu tnh bin khp, thi nghip, qu v thn
cng vi ng th ca cc hu tnh hp lm mt, m nu
tc nghip th qu ch thuc ng ny, chng phi thuc
ng kia, th cng khng ng l.
Khi mt ng ca hu tnh ny gii thot, tt c ng
ca cc hu tnh khc l ng u c gii thot, v
php tu chng hp mt vi tt c ng vy.
- Li chp ng th hai cng phi l ? V sao, v chp
ng th l thng tr. thng tr th khng c th
theo thn m c s dn ra v rt li. Nu n c s
dn ra v rt li th n khng khc gi trong ng b,

khng th thng tr c. Li ng theo thn th ng

y c th chia ch nh thn, nh vy lm sao c th
chp ng th l mt c ?
- Li chp ng th ba cng phi l. V sao ? V
lng ca ng rt nh nh mt my vi trn, nh th th
lm sao ng c th khin c thn to ln chuyn ng ?
Nu ni ng tuy nh nhng tun chuyn rt nhanh trong
thn, ging nh vng la quay, nn nh tung n
chuyn ng trong thn, th thi ci ng chng phi
mt, chng phi thng, v ci g c qua li, chuyn
ng th u chng phi thng nht vy.
- Li c ba th chp ng :
1. Chp ng tc un.
2. Chp ng la un.
3. Chp ng chng phi tc chng phi la
un.
- Th nht, chp ng tc un, khng ng l. V
ng y nn ging nh un, chng phi thng, nht. Li
cc sc trong thn chng phi l tht ng, v n ging
nh cc sc ngoi thn, c s cht ngi.
Cn Tm, Tm s php cng chng phi tht ng,
v i c cc duyn, Tm, Tm s mi pht sinh, n
khng hng thng tng tc c.
Cc php Bt tng ng hnh, cc sc thuc php
x nhip khc, cng chng phi tht ng, v n ging
nh h khng, khng c tnh gic tri (khng gic tri th
u phi ng).
- Th hai, chp ng la un, cng khng ng l.
V ng la un th n cng nh h khng, khng c tc
nghip v th qu.
- Th ba, chp ng chng phi tc un, chng phi
la un, cng khng ng l. V cho rng ng nng
un mi lp, chng phi tc un la un, th ng

ging nh ci bnh (bnh do t lm ra, bnh khng l

t, cng khng la t m c), chng phi l tht ng.
Li khng th ni ng thuc hu vi hay v vi (ng
tc l un th thuc hu vi, ng la un th thuc v vi.
y ng chng tc nm un chng phi la nm un,
tc khng th ni l hu vi hay v vi), th cng khng
th ni l ng hay phi ng.
Th nn, cc li chp ng trn khng thnh.
- Li cc ng th c chp cho l tht c , l n
c t l hay khng t l ? Nu ng c t l th v
thng, v khng phi lc no cng c t l, nu ng
khng t l th ging nh h khng, khng th tc
nghip v th qu. Cho nn li chp ng khng
thnh.
- Li cc ng th c chp cho l tht c , n c
tc dng hay khng tc dng ? Nu c tc dng th ng
ging nh tay chn, l phi v thng. Nu khng tc
dng th ng ging nh sng th, khng phi l tht
ng. Th nn chp ng chng tc un, chng la un
cng khng thnh.
- Li cc ng th c chp cho c tht , n c
phi l cnh s duyn ca ng kin chng ? Nu n
khng l cnh s duyn ca ng kin th cc ng lm
sao bit l tht ng ? Nu ng l cnh s duyn ca
ng kin th l ra ai c ng kin l ngi chng thuc
vo hng ngi in o, v h bit ng nh tht (nu
c tht ng, th ngi no chp c ng, c ng kin, l
ngi bit ng nh tht, ch khng phi in o).
Nu th, th ti sao ngi chp c ng li b k tin vo
ch gio v ng ch bai v ch xng tn ngi khng
chp ng rng : "Khng chp ng th c th chng Nitbn, ngi chp ng th b trm lun sanh t", ch u
c th ngi c t kin chp ng li chng Nit-bn,
cn ngi chnh kin khng chp ng li b trm lun
sanh t !

- Li cc ng kin khng th duyn tht ng, v n

c s duyn, ging nh tm duyn cc php khc. Li s
duyn ca ng kin nht nh khng phi l tht ng, v n
l s duyn, nh cc php sc, hng v.v... Th nn ng
kin khng duyn tht ng, ch duyn cc un do ni thc
bin hin, ri ty theo vng tnh so o, chp trc ny n.
(4)
III. HAI TH NG CHP
- Nhng tt c ng chp lc c hai th :
1. Cu sanh.
2. Phn bit.
- Ng chp cu sanh l ng chp t v th n nay
do sc h vng hun tp bn trong tm, n cng mt
ln sanh ra vi thn, ch khng i c t gio v t
phn bit mi sanh, m l nhm vn chuyn bin hin
khi, nn gi l Cu sanh. Loi Cu sanh ny c hai :
1. Thng tng tc, tc thc th by duyn kin
phn ca thc th tm, khi ln tng kin phn ca
thc th tm y trn t thc th by v chp ly tng
lm tht ng .
2. C gin on, tc thc th su duyn vo tng
nm th un c bin hin trn t thc n, hoc duyn
chung c nm th un, hoc duyn ring tng th un,
khi ln tng dng y trn t thc, ri chp ly tng
lm tht ng. Hai th cu sanh ng chp ny vi t
nn kh on tr. V sau trong giai on tu o, thng
thng tu tp php qun sanh khng th thng (nhn v
ng, tu o v qun l sanh khng su hn kin o
v, nn gi l thng sanh khng qun) mt cch trit
mi c th on tr c.
Ng chp phn bit cng do sc ca duyn hin ti
bn ngoi, n chng cng mt ln sanh ra vi thn, m
phi i c t gio v t phn bit mi sanh khi c,

nn gi l phn bit. Th ng chp phn bit ny ch c

thc. y cng c hai :
Mt l duyn t gio ni v tng nm un, ri
khi ln tng y trn t tm v phn bit so o chp
ly tng lm tht ng. Hai l duyn t gio ni v
tng ng, ri khi tng y trn t tm, v phn bit
so o chp ly tng lm tht ng.
Hai th ng chp phn bit ny th ph nn d
on tr. Trong lc tu tng kin o, qun tt c php
l sanh khng chn nh (nhn v ng), tc c th on
tr.
Tt c ng chp v nm th un nu trn, i
vi th un bn ngoi t tm th hoc c, hoc khng,
cn i vi nm th un khi ln bn trong t tm th
u c (th un bn ngoi t tm hoc c, hoc khng,
l nh chp c tht ng ngoi tm, th ng th hon
ton khng c, ging nh lng ra ; cn chp cc th
un do nhn duyn, y tha khi lm ng, th un l
tht c, song tm duyn khng ti, v n l s s duyn,
nn cng gi l ngoi tm. Ngha th hai l nh thc
th by duyn thc th tm, chp lm ng, thc th tm
ngoi thc th by, n c tht, cn thc th su i
thc th tm th khng duyn ti, tc l khng. Nhng
bn cht th un s s duyn th hoc c, hoc khng
c tht ; cn nh tng tng phn th un c bin ra
trn t thc m duyn th nh tng y lun lun l
c).
Th nn bit ng chp u duyn theo tng nm
th un v thng m vng chp l ng. Nhng cc
tng un y u t duyn sanh, chng ch c mt cch
nh huyn, v so o sai quy chp nm th un l
ng, th ng quyt nh chng phi c tht. Cho nn
Kh kinh ni : "B-s nn bit, cc th ng kin ca
hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn trong th gian, tt c u
duyn theo tng nm th un m khi ra. (5)

IV. GII THCH VN NN

Hi : Nu khng c tht ng lm sao c cc vic
nh, bit, tng, tp, n, on ?
p : Tht ng nh cc ng chp, n thng
hng khng bin i, th lc sau ging nh lc trc,
cc vic nh, bit, tng, tp, n, on chng th no c
c. Hoc lc trc ging nh lc sau, cc vic nh,
bit, tng, tp, n, on lun lun chng lc no khng;
v sau vi trc, ng th khng sai khc vy. Nu cho
rng ng dng trc sau bin dch ch chng phi ng
th, l cng khng ng. V dng khng la th, dng
nn phi thng nh th, th khng la dng, th nn
chng phi thng nh dng.
Nhng cc hu tnh mi mi u c bn thc th
tm, trc sau nht loi tng tc, t gi gn chng t,
chng t cng vi tt c php hin hnh lm nhn
cho nhau, do sc hun tp m c c cc vic nh,
bit v.v...
Do th, li ct nn ca ng va ri l c li i vi
tng ch ca ng, ch khng phi vi tng ch ca ti.
Hi : Nu khng c tht ng th ai to nghip, ai
chu qu bo ?
p : Tht ng nh cc ng chp, n khng
bin dch nh h khng, th lm sao n c th to
nghip chu qu bo ? Nu ng c bin dch th l v
thng (u phi tht ng).
Nhng cc loi hu tnh, do sc nhn duyn ca
Tm, Tm s tng tc khng gin on, nn c vic
to nghip v chu qu bo. iu ny i vi l khng
tri.
Hi : Ng nu khng c th ci g sanh t lun hi
trong cc th ? Ai chn kh cu chng Nit-bn ?
p : Tht ng nh cc ng chp, n khng
sanh dit, nh th lm sao c th ni n sanh t lun
hi. Ng thng nh h khng, th khng b kh bc

no, c g phi chn b kh cu chng Nit-bn, cho

nn li ng ni ch lm hi ng thi.
Song cc loi hu tnh, thn tm tip tc do phin
no nghip lc, nn c s lun hi cc th v chn b
kh cu chng Nit-bn.
Do th nn bit chc chn khng c tht ng, ch
c cc thc, t v th n nay, trc dit sau sanh, nhn
qu tip ni, do vng tnh hun tp, m c tng ng
tng t hin ra, k ngu trong chp quy cho l
ng tht. (6)
V. PH CHP PHP
- Th no ngoi thc khng c php tht ?
- V php bn ngoi thc nh ca ngoi o v
cc tha gio khc chp, ng l th n chng phi c.
- Php ca ngoi o chp ti sao khng c ?
Phi S lun chp : "Ng l t", n th dng 23
php nh gic i v.v... Ba c Tt-a, Lt-x, pma (dng, trn, m, hay tham, sn, si) hp li to thnh
v.v... nhng php Gic i v.v... do ba s gc l Tta, Lt-x, p-ma hp thnh, l tht chng phi gi,
hin lng nm bt c.
Li chp kia phi l. V sao ? V cc php Gic i
v.v... do ba s gc nh vy hp thnh, th n ging nh
o qun hay m rng, l gi ch chng phi tht, lm
sao c th ni php l hin lng nm bt c ?
Li cc php Gic i v.v... nu l tht c th n
nh ba s gc (l Tt a, Lt-x, p-ma) chng phi
do ba s gc hp thnh. Li Tt-a v.v.. cng chnh l
Gic i v.v... th ng l n cng nh Gic i v.v..., phi
do ba s gc hp thnh v cng chuyn bin v thng nh
Gic i.
Li ba s gc l Tt-a, Lt-x, p-ma, mi ci
c nhiu cng nng, vy th n cng phi nhiu, v

cng nng v th l mt vy. Li ba th u bin

khp, th khi mt ch chuyn bin thi cc ch khc
l phi cng chuyn bin, v th khng khc nhau vy.
Cn nh ba s y, th v tng u khc nhau, th th
lm sao ha hp chung thnh mt tng ? V khng l
khi ha hp bin lm mt tng, cng vi khi cha ha
hp, th khng khc nhau. Nu cho rng ba s , th
tuy khc m tng ng, th bn tri vi tn ch ca ng
ch trng th v tng l mt. Th nn nh tng, m
thm l mt ; tng nn nh th, r rt l ba. Cho nn
khng th ni ba th hp thnh mt tng.
Li ba s l bit, Gic i v.v... l tng. Tng v
bit chung mt, nn chng phi mt, chng phi ba. Khi
ba s bin chuyn nu khng ha hp thnh mt
tng, th nn nh khi cha bin chuyn, lm sao ta li
hin thy l mt sc tng v.v... ? Nu ba s ha hp
thnh mt tng, th l mt bit tng gc v th cng
phi theo mt lun.
Khng th ni ba s u c hai tng, l mt tng
mt bit, v tng tc l bit, tng cng phi l ba, nh
th lm sao li thy mt ? Nu cho rng ba th u c
ba tng ha ln kh bit, nn thy l mt th cng
khng c ; v c ba tng th u cn c th thy
l mt, li lm sao bit ba s c khc ?
Nu kia mi mi th u ba tng, th nn mi
mi s u c th thnh c sc, thanh v.v... ch c
thiu g m phi i ba s ha hp. V mi th cng
nn c ba tng, v th tc l tng vy.
Li cc php Gic i v.v... u do ba s hp
thnh, ln lt i vi nhau khng c sai bit, th thi
nhn qu, ng duy lng, ng i, cc cn mi mi u
khng sai bit. Nu khng sai bit th mt cn c th
nhn bit c tt c cnh, hoc mt cnh m tt c cn
u nhn bit c, th thi hin thy bng hin lng,
t lng cc vt tnh phi tnh, tnh, u, trong th gian,
u khng sai khc nhau, nh th l c li ln.

Cho nn bit tht php ca phi S lun kia chp

khng thnh, n ch do vng tnh so o chp cho l c
thi. (7)
Phi Thng lun chp : "Cc c ngha nh Tht,
c v.v... phn nhiu l c tht v c t tnh, hin
lng nm bt c.
- Li chp ny khng ng l. V sao ? V trong
cc c ngha, nhng ci c tnh thng tr, nu n c
th sanh ra qu th l v thng (tn), v n c tc dng
(nhn), nh qu c sanh (d). Nu n khng sanh ra
qu th n khng th la thc c t tnh tht, v nh
sng th.
Li cc ci v thng, nu c th cht ngn ngi
th l c phng hng v phn v, nu c phng
hng v phn v th c th phn tch, nh i qun,
m rng, chng phi c tht tnh, nu khng cht ngi
nh Tm, Tm s th n khng th la Tm, Tm s m
c tht tnh.
Li t, nc, la, gi ca phi Thng lun kia
chp, chng phi c cht ngi, nhip vo c ngha tht
(tn), v do thn cn xc chm (nhn), v nh cng, t,
nng, ng (d). V chnh cng, t, nng, ng ca
phi Thng lun chp, chng phi khng cht ngi,
nhip vo c ngha "c (tn) v do thn cn xc
chm (nhn) v nh t, nc, la, gi, (d). t, nc,
la, ba th nh i vi mu xanh v.v... u do mt
thy. Th chun theo l l y m khin trch. Th nn
bit khng tht c tnh t, nc, la, gi, cng cng,
t v.v.. ring bit, cng khng phi mt thy t,
nc, la, gi tht.
Li phi Thng lun kia chp : "Trong tht c
ngha, nhng ci c cht ngi v thng, ng ra l v
thng (tn), v u c cht ngi (nhn), v nh t th
(d) v.v... trong cc c ngha, nhng php khng cht
ngi, c sc cn nhn bit, ng ra u c cht ngi

(tn), v h cho php do sc cn nhn bit (nhn), v

nh t, nc, la, gi (d).
Li phi Thng lun kia chp : Nm c ngha nh
c, Nghip v.v.. khng nhip vo tht c, ng l n
chng phi la ngoi thc m c tnh ring (tn), v n
khng nhip vo tht c (nhn), v nh a con ca
ngi con gi (d). Tht, c c v.v... chng nhip
vo i hu tnh, th ng l n chng phi la ngoi
thc ring c t tnh (tn), v n chng nhip vo i
hu tnh (nhn), v nh hoa m gia khng (d).
Li i hu tnh ca phi Thng lun chp : "La
ngoi Tht, c v.v... khng ring c t tnh (tn)", v
h cho rng i hu tnh chng phi khng (nhn), v
nh Tht, c (d). Nu la Tht, c v.v... th chng
phi l i hu tnh (tn), v h cho rng i hu tnh
khc vi Tht, c, (nhn) v.v..., v nh ci hon ton
khng (d). Nh i hu tnh chng phi khng (tc
c) khng cn ring c hu tnh lm cho n c, th
th ti sao Tht, c v.v... li cn ring c hu tnh
lm cho n c ? Nu la ngoi php c cn ring c hu
tnh, th l ra la ngoi php khng li cn ring c v
tnh. Nhng kia khng th th sao y li th ? Cho
nn bit i hu tnh ca phi Thng lun kia chp ch
l do so o h vng.
Li phi Thng lun kia chp : "Tnh ng d ca
Tht, c, Nghip, c ring khc vi th Tht, c,
Nghip", l chc chn khng ng. Ch ni tnh
ng d cng chng phi l tnh ng d ca Tht,
c, nghip (tn), v n c th ring khc vi th ca
Tht (nhn), v nh c, nghip (d).
Li l ng Tht, c v.v... chng phi nhip vo
Tht, c (tn) v.v..., v khc vi tnh ng d ca
Tht, c (nhn) v.v..., v nh c, Nghip v Tht
(d).
Cc tnh ng d ca t, nc, la, gi i vi
cc th t, nc, la, gi, qua li ct nn, chun theo

y nn bit. Nh tnh ng d ca Tht v.v... khng

ring c tnh ng d ngoi Tht v.v..., lm cho n
thnh tnh ng d, th ngoi "Tht v.v... cng khng
nn ring c tnh ng d ca Tht lm cho Tht,
c, Nghip thnh ng d. Nu la Tht ring c tnh
ng d ca Tht, thi l ra la phi Tht nn ring c
tnh phi ng d ca phi Tht. Nhng kia khng th,
th sao y li th ? Cho nn bit "ng d tnh", ch l
gi ba t.
Li c ngha "ha hp ca phi Thng lun kia
chp chc chn khng phi tht c (tn), v n nhip
vo cc php phi tht v.v... (nhn), v nh ci hon ton
khng (d).
Phi Thng lun kia cho rng : "Tht v.v... do hin
lng nhn bit", ly l suy xt n cn chng phi tht
c, hung chi c ngha "ha hp m theo h khng
phi hin lng nhn bit, th u li c th tht c ?
Gi s cho c ngha "ha hp l cnh hin lng nhn
bit, th bi l l va ni, n cng chng phi tht c.
Nhng cc c ngha Tht v.v... kia chng phi l t
th tht c ngoi thc do hin lng nhn bit (tn),
v h cho n l ci b bit (nhn), v nh lng ra (d).
Li tr duyn "Tht c chng phi nhip vo tr
hin lng duyn t th tht c ngoi thc (tn), v n
gi ha hp sanh (nhn), v nh tr duyn "c c (d)
v.v... ni rng cho n tr duyn "ha hip c cng
chng phi nhip vo tr hin lng duyn t th "ha
hp c ngoi thc "tn", v n gi ha hp sanh
(nhn) v nh tr duyn "Tht c (d).
Do nn bit "Tht c ngha v.v... ca phi
Thng lun chp cng ch l theo vng tnh ba t ra.
(8)

- Li c ngi chp c mt "i T Ti Thin c

tht th bin khp thng hng, sanh ra vn vt. Li
chp kia cng phi l. V sao ? V nu l ci g nng sinh
th chc chn ci l v thng, cc ci v thng th

chc chn khng th bin khp, cc ci khng bin

khp th khng phi tht hu. V ci g th l
thng, bin khp, li c cc cng nng, th ng l
ci c khp tt c ch, tt c lc, v ng lot sanh
ra tt c php. Cn nu i c mun v c duyn khc
n mi c th sanh, th b tri vi Nht nhn lun. Hoc
mun v duyn khc cng nn ng lot khi ln, v
thng c vy.
- Ngoi ra c ngi chp c mt "Phm thin",
"thi gian", "phng hng", "bn t", "t nhin", "h
khng", "ng v.v... l thng tr, l tht c, cc
cng nng, sanh ra tt c php. Nhng li chp y u
c ph bc ging nh y.
- C ngi chp "ring th m thanh trong Ng
minh lun (V- lun) l thng, n c th lm nh
lng din t cc php. Li c ngi chp "Tt c
m thanh u l thng", ch ch gp duyn m pht
hin, mi c kh nng din t.
Hai li chp m thanh trn u phi l. V sao ?
V m thanh trong Ng minh lun c kh nng din t,
th n khng phi thng tr (tn), v cho n c kh
nng din t (nhn), v nh cc m thanh khc (d). Cc
m thanh khc cng chng phi l thanh th thng cn
(tn), v phi ch duyn mi c (nhn), v nh ci bnh,
o (d).
- C ngoi o chp "cc vi ca t, nc, gi, la
l tht c, thng cn, c kh nng sanh ra th sc, cc
th sc c sanh ra khng vt qu phm vi ca nhn,
nn cc th sc y tuy l v thng, m th n tht c.
Li chp ny cng phi l. V sao ? V cc vi y nu
c phng hng, phn v, v nh n kin, th th n
chng phi tht. Nu khng c phng hng, phn v,
v nh Tm, Tm s, th n khng th t tp chung
quanh sinh ra qu sc th. Nu n sanh qu (nhn),
th n cng ging nh qu c sanh (d), lm sao c
th bo cc vi l thng tr (tn) ?

Li qu sc c sanh, khng vt khi phm vi

ca nhn cc vi, th n cng nh cc vi, khng gi
l sc th, thi qu sc ny khng phi cc sc cn nh
nhn v.v... nhn bit, v th l tri vi ch trng ca
mnh. Nu bo "qu sc l do lng v c hp li, nn
khng phi th m nh l th, sc cn c th nhn bit",
song qu sc c chp ng vi lng ca nhn
cc vi, th n nh cc vi, khng cng vi th hp c.
Hoc bo cc vi cng vi tnh th hp, th n nh qu
sc th, cng chung mt ch. Nu bo "qu sc bin
khp t th ca nhn cc vi, v nhn chng phi mt,
nn c th gi l th", nu th thi th ca qu sc
chng phi l mt. Nh ch ca nhn cc vi c ring
khc vy. vy th qu sc ny li khng thnh th
sc, do cng khng phi sc cn nhn bit c. Nu
qu sc c nhiu phn hp li nn thnh th, nhiu cc
vi nhn hp li th chng phi l nh, tr thnh cn
v cnh, th cn dng qu sc lm g ? do nhiu
phn hp thnh th khng phi tht c. Th thi bit li
chp ca ng trc sau tri nhau.
Li qu v nhn u c cht ngi, th khng cng
trn mt v tr nh hai cc vi. Nu bo "qu v nhn th
nhp vo nhau nh nc nhp vo ct, thuc nhp vo
nc ng ; ai chp nhn th ca ct v nc ng thu
nhn nc v thuc u ! Hoc nc thu nhn ct th
th ca ht ct, bin i ri nhau, chng phi mt,
thng ; nc ng thu nhn thuc, th th nc ng
bin thnh vng, chng phi cn l mt, l thng.
Li qu sc th, th n nu l mt, th khi thc bit
c mt phn ny l phi thy c tt c cc phn
khc ; v kia, y l mt, th kia hn phi nh y. Nu
ng khng chp nhn nh th th tri l, cn chp nhn
nh th th tri s. Th l iu ngi kia chp, ti lui
u bt thnh. ch theo vng tnh so o chp trc.
(9)

Nhng cc ngoi o chp tuy c nhiu phm loi,

song php th (hu php) b chp khng ngoi bn
th :
- Mt l chp hu php (ch Gic i v.v... ca S
lun), cng vi tnh c (ch Minh tnh ca S lun) th
ch l mt, nh phi S lun chp. Li chp ny phi l.
V sao? V ng c bo ht thy php chnh l tnh c.
Nu ht thy php chnh l tnh c, th n u nh tnh
c, th khng sai khc bn tri vi ba c (Tt-a,
Lt-x, p-ma) v ng, mi ci th khc nhau (theo S
lun chp) v tri vi th gian hin thy cc php c sai
khc nhau. Li nu sc v.v... chnh l tnh ca sc v.v...
th sc khng nn c xanh, vng khc nhau.
- Hai l chp hu php (ch Tht, c, Nghip ca
Thng lun) cng vi tnh c (ch i hu tnh ca
Thng lun), th khc nhau, nh phi Thng lun chp.
Li chp ny cng phi l. V sao ? V ng bo ht thy
php phi l phi tnh c. Ging nh vt dit khng
cn g bit c, l tri vi "Tht c v.v... t th n
khng phi khng, v cng tri vi th gian hin thy
c cc vt. Li nu sc khng phi tnh sc, th sc nn
nh l ting, khng phi l cnh ca mt thy.
- Ba l chp hu php cng vi tnh c cng mt
cng khc, nh phi ngoi o V tm chp. Li chp
ny cng phi l. V sao ? V ni mt v khc u b li
nh mt v khc ni trn kia. Hai tng khc nhau,
th th phi sai khc nhau. Cn nu mt v khc ng
th, u khng thnh c. Ch c bo ht thy php
cng ng mt th. Hoc mt v khc ch l gi khng
phi tht m chp l tht, th l khng thnh.
- Bn l hu php cng vi tnh c chng mt
chng khc, nh phi ngoi o T mng chp. Li
chp ny cng phi l. V sao ? V chng mt chng
khc th l ng vi mt v khc.
Li ni chng mt chng khc l li ni gi hay
biu (ph nh hay khng nh). Nu l biu th khng

nn ni phi c hai, cn nu l gi th l khng chp chi

ht. Cn cng gi cng biu th l b tri ln nhau. Cn
phi gi phi biu th thnh h lun. Li ni chng mt
chng khc l tri vi s hiu bit chung ca th gian v
cc vt c mt c khc. V cng tri vi ch trng ca
mnh (cc ng). "cc php sc v.v... quyt nh tht c.
Th nn bit li ni ca kia ch l li quanh co
chy li, nhng ngi c tr ch lm chp nhn. (10)
VI. PH CC THA GIO CHP PHP
- Cc tha gio khc chp "la ngoi thc tht c
cc php nh sc, hng v.v... Nh th no cc php
ny chng phi c ?
- V cc php sc, hng, bt tng ng hnh v
php v vi ca Tiu tha kia chp, ng l chng phi
tht c.
V sc v.v... c Tiu tha chp gm c hai th :
Mt l sc c i ngi, do cc vi to thnh.
Hai l sc khng i ngi, chng phi do cc vi
hp thnh.
Sc c i ngi kia, chc chn khng tht c, v
cc vi nng thnh ra sc y chng phi tht c. Ngha l
cc cc vi nu c cht ngi th hn nh ci bnh, l gi
chng phi tht. Nu khng cht ngi th hn nh phi
sc, lm sao c th tp hp thnh sc nh bnh, o v.v...
?
Li cc cc vi nu c phng hng v phn v, th
chc chn c th phn tch, tc chng phi tht c. Nu
khng c phng hng v phn v, thi nh phi sc,
lm sao ha hp li thnh th sc, khi nh sng
chiu vo th hin ra bng, nh khi mt tri chiu vo
cy tr, c bng v sng hin ra hai bn ng, Ty ?
Pha ng tip nhn ly nh sng, pha Ty pht ra
bng, ch nhn nh sng v ch hin ra bng khng

ng, th cc vi kia chc chn c phng hng v

phn v.
Li nu khi mt thy v thn xc chm cc vt nh
vch tng v.v... th ch c thy v xc chm phn
bn ny, ch khng thy v xc chm phn bn kia, cc
vt y do chnh cc vi ha hp thnh ra. Vy cc vi y
chc chn c phng hng v phn v.
Li cc cc vi, ty ch no, chc chn c trn,
di, ng, Ty sai khc nhau. Khng nh vy th cc
vi nh phi sc khng cn c ngha ha tp chung. Hoc
cho rng cc vi thip nhp vo nhau, nn khng thnh
th sc. Do cc vi ny quyt chc c phng hng
v phn v. Li chp sc c i ngi chnh l cc cc
vi. Nu cc vi khng c phng hng v phn v, th
sc c i ngi cng ging nh cc vi khng c cch
ngi, nhng nu khng cch ngi th khng phi sc c
i ngi.
Th nn, cc vi ca cc ng chp quyt chc c
phng hng v phn v. V c phng hng v
phn v tc c th phn tch, c th phn tch th nht
nh khng phi tht c.
Cho nn chp sc c i ngi v tht c, khng
thnh.
Hi : Ng thc h khng phi c sc lm s y, s
duyn sao ?
p : Tuy khng phi khng sc, nhng sc l
do thc bin. Ngha l thc sanh khi, do nng lc nhn
duyn bn trong ni thc, bin hin ra tng tng t
v mt v sc, ly ngay tng lm cn s y v cnh
s duyn. Nhng cc cn nhn, nh y khng th c
bit bng hin lng, ch da qua tc dng pht sanh
thc ca n m so snh bit n c. V n ch l mt th
cng nng, khng phi do sc bn ngoi to nn.
Sc c i ngi bn ngoi, v l khng thnh,
th nn n ch l do ni thc bin hin. Do cng nng

pht sanh nhn thc m gi n l nhn cn v.v... n l

ch nng g pht sanh nhn thc v.v...
Ci duyn v s duyn bn ngoi ca nhn thc, v
l chng phi tht c, nn phi chp nhn do t thc
bin hin lm ci duyn v s duyn, ngha l ci tng
dn sanh ra thc tng t vi n. Cc ng chp n l
ci duyn v s duyn l khng ng, v chng phi ch
c kh nng lm pht sanh m cho l ci duyn v s
duyn. Ch bo nhn duyn v.v... cng l ci duyn v
s duyn ca thc (S duyn duyn ca thc phi c
hai ngha. Mt l c kh nng pht sanh thc ; hai l
lm i tng cho thc duyn. Nm cn ch c kh
nng pht sanh nm thc ch khng lm i tng cho
nm thc duyn, th khng th gi nm cn l S duyn
duyn. Nu nm cn ch mt ngha l pht sanh thc m
gi n l S duyn duyn, th Nhn duyn, ng v
gin duyn cng c kh nng pht sanh thc, v l cng
cho l S duyn duyn c sao ?).
Hoc cho khi nm thc nhn, nh v.v... liu bit
sc, thanh, n ch duyn vi tng sc thanh ha hp,
tng t tng cc vi kia cng khng ng, v khng
phi tng sc, thanh ha hp li c tht th ring, khc
vi cc vi. V khi phn tch tng sc thanh ha hp y,
th ci thc duyn cc tng sc thanh ha hp tng t
cc vi kia nht nh khng pht sanh na.
Tng ha hp kia khng tht c, nn khng
th ni n l ci duyn ca nm thc. Ch bo rng mt
trng th hai li c th lm duyn pht sanh nm thc,
(mt trng th hai do mt la m c, n ch lm i
tng trng thy (s duyn) ch n khng phi c tht,
lm duyn pht sanh ra thc).
Li chng phi cc cc vi v tr ha hp nhau li
l c th lm s duyn cho nm thc ; v trn nm thc
khng thy c tng cc vi (cc vi ch c vi thc).
Li chng phi cc cc vi sn c tng ha hp, v
khi n khng ha hp th khng c tng ha hp .

Li chng phi v tr ha hp vi khi khng ha

hp, th tng cc cc vi khc nhau. Cho nn v tr
ha hp cng nh khng ha hp, cc vi ca sc v.v...
chng phi l cnh s duyn ca nm thc.
- C ngi chp "mi mi cc vi ca sc v.v... khi
khng ha tp th khng phi l cnh s duyn ca nm
thc, nhng khi v tr ha tp, ln lt gip nhau pht
sanh ra th tng th lm cnh s duyn cho thc.
Tng tht c lm cnh s duyn.
Li chp ny khng ng. V v tr ha tp cng
vi khi cha ha tp, th tng cc vi l mt. V v cc
vi ca cc vt bnh, bn, bng nhau th thc duyn theo
tng phi khng khc nhau mi c. V v v tr
ha tp, mi mi cc vi b tng trn vi t sn c ca
n.
Li chng phi thc duyn tng th li duyn
tng vi t. Ch bo rng thc duyn cc cnh ny li
duyn cc cnh khc, mt thc li duyn tt c cnh.
Chp nhn c cc vi cn b li nh th, hung khng c
cc vi tht ngoi thc (m li chp c cc vi ngoi
thc sao ?).
Do bit chc tng sc tng t t t thc bin
hin ra lm ci duyn s duyn. V Kin phn nng
ni pht sanh, ng thi mang theo tng .
Nhng khi thc bin, ty lng ln nh, kp hin
ra mt tng, ch khng phi ring bin lm nhiu cc
vi ri hp li thnh mt vt.
V ngi ta chp th sc c tht th, nn Pht ni
cc vi khin h phn tch tr b, ch chng phi
Pht bo cc sc c cc vi tht. Cc v tu Du-gi dng
tu gi tng i vi tng sc th, ln lt phn tch,
cho n khi khng phn tch c na, gi ni l
cc vi. Tuy l cc vi vn cn c phng hng v phn
v, nhng khng th phn tch c. Nu phn tch tip
th s c tng gn nh h khng hin ra, khng cn

gi l sc, cho nn ni cc vi l ranh gii cng cc ca

sc.
Do nn bit cc sc c i ngi u do thc
bin hin ch khng phi do cc vi hp thnh.
Cc sc khng i ngi, v l cng mt loi ny,
nn cng khng phi tht c. Hoc v khng i ngi
ging nh Tm, Tm s, quyt chc khng phi tht
sc.
Cc sc c i ngi, hin c sc tng, ly l suy
xt, la thc cn khng c, hung sc khng i ngi,
hin khng c sc tng m li c th bo l sc
php tht c ? (11)
Hi : "Biu sc, V biu sc", h khng phi tht
c ?
p : Chng chng phi tht c. V sao ? V nh
biu sc ca thn, nu l tht c th ly g lm th tnh?
Nu ni ly hnh lng lm thn th tc khng phi tht
c, v hnh lng c th phn tch cho n cc vi th
khng th cn c di ngn v.v... Nu ni ly ng tc
lm thn, cng khng phi tht c, v va sanh lin dit,
khng c ngha ng chuyn, v php hu vi dit l t
dit, khng cn i nhn (duyn) mi dit. Dit nu cn
phi i nhn th khng thnh dit ; nu ni c sc m
khng phi hin sc, khng phi hnh sc, m l do tm
dn sanh lm c ng tay chn, gi l thn biu nghip,
cng khng ng l. V sc nu l ng, th b ph
nh ngha trc. Nu l nhn ca ng th tc l gi,
song gi khng biu th, khng th gi l biu. Li nu
gi y l thn xc, th xc khng thng c tnh thin
c (m thn nghip th thin c). Li nu l hng,
v, th khng phi hin sc, do vi xc m bit. Th nn
Thn biu nghip chng phi tht c.
Nhng do tm lm nhn, do bn thc bin hin ra
sc tng ni tay chn, sanh dit tip ni, chuyn t v
tr ny n v tr khc, nh tung c ng tc, biu th
ci tm, gi gi l thn biu.

Ng biu nghip cng khng phi tht c tnh m

thanh, ly lm ng biu, v m thanh trong mt st na
khng biu th c chi ht, cn nhiu st na ni tip
th li khng tht. Li sc c i ngi bn ngoi trc
y ph. Nhng nhn ni tm th su m bn thc
bin ra t m thanh, sanh dit tip ni, nh tung c
biu th, gi danh ni l ng biu, th khng tri l.
Biu sc khng tht, th V biu sc u c tht.
Nhng y theo tm t nguyn vng, c phn hn gia
thin c ring bit, gi lp tn l V biu. V l cng
khng tri. Ngha l v biu y hoc y ni chng t
T tng trng, c kh nng pht ra thn v ng thin
c m lp. Hoc y ni "T tm s hin hnh trong khi
Thin nh, c kh nng ngn dt thn ng c m lp.
Th nn l gi c.
Hi : Trong Kinh c Th Tn ni c ba nghip.
Nay bc thn nghip nh th, h khng tri kinh ?
p : y khng phi bc l khng, m ch ni n
khng phi l tht sc. "T tm s pht ng ni thn,
gi l thn nghip. "T tm s pht ng ra ng, gi l
ng nghip. "Thm t l v "Quyt nh t tng
ng vi , tc ng , gi l nghip. "T tm s khi
ra ni thn, ng, c s to tc, gi l nghip. Thn v
ng l ng i ca Thm l t v Quyt nh t. Li
nghip nhn thin c sanh ra qu D thc kh, lc,
nn cng gi l o, gi chung l nghip o. Cho nn
by nghip o (thn ba nghip, ming bn nghip)
trc cng u ly "T lm t tnh. Hoc thn biu,
ng biu (khng phi nghip) do "T tm s pht
ng, gi ni l nghip. N l con ng ca "T i
qua, nn gi l nghip o.
Do nn bit tht khng c sc bn ngoi, m ch
do ni thc bin sanh ra t nh sc bn ngoi. (12)
- Bt tng ng hnh php cng khng phi
tht c. V sao ? V php Bt tng ng hnh nh
"c", "phi c v.v... n chng nh sc, Tm v Tm

s, c th c tng r rng. Khng th c php Bt

tng ng hnh khc vi sc, Tm v Tm s m t c
tc dng c. Do nn bit php Bt tng ng
hnh, chng phi tht c. Ch y ni phn v ca Sc,
Tm, v Tm s m gi lp, n nht nh khng th
khc vi sc, Tm, Tam s, m c tht th tht dng
(tn), v n nhip vo hnh un (nhn), nh Sc, Tm
(d). Hoc v n khng nhip vo Tm, Tm s v sc,
V vi, th v nh ci php hon ton khng, nn n nht
nh khng phi tht c. Hoc v n khng nhip vo
cc tht php khc, th cng nh cc gi php khc,
chng phi c tht th.
Lun ch : V, kia (Tiu tha) nh th no m bit
"c", "phi c khc vi sc, tm, ring c tht th tht
dng?
Tiu tha p : Do Kh kinh ni vy. Nh Kinh
ni : "B-c-gi-la (phm phu, hu tnh) thnh tu
thin c, Thnh gi thnh tu mi php v hc (Tm
chnh o, thm chnh gii that, chnh tr phm phu).
Li ni : "Hng D sanh khng thnh tu Thnh php,
cc A-la-hn khng thnh tu phin no. Ch "thnh
tu "khng thnh tu y , l hin t ngha "c v
"phi c.
Lun ch - Kinh khng ni : "c, phi c khc
vi sc, tm ring c tht th tht dng. Nn s dn
chng trn khng thnh. Kinh cng ni : "Lun vng
thnh tu by bu. H phi chnh l thnh tu tha nhn
v phi tnh ? (nm bu u l tha thn, hai bu sau
thuc phi tnh). Nu bo i vi by bu c sc t ti,
m gi ni l "thnh tu", th i vi php thin c lm
sao khng chp nhn gi ni nh th, m c chp l tht
c "c ? Nu bo by bu ngay hin ti nn c th
gi ni "thnh tu", sao bit ring php thin c c
thnh tu li la hin ti m c ? Nu la hin ti thi
php thin c tht ng l chng phi c. Hin ti chc
chn c ht ging thin c v.v...

Li "c i vi cc php, c cng dng g th

thng? Nu ni "c c kh nng lm nhn cho php
sanh khi, th l ra n cng c th lm nhn sanh khi
php v vi ? Li tt c vt v tri khng c "c th l ra
vnh vin khng khi, v nhng vt cha c hoc
mt th l ra vnh vin khng sanh (nhng thc t n
vn khi sanh). Nu bo do "cu sanh c lm nhn
m khi ln, thi hai th sanh (l sanh v sanh sanh)
ca ngi chp thnh v dng.
Li nu ly ci nhn ba tnh thin, c, v k lm
cu sanh c, th thin, c, v k nn khi ra mt ln,
nu phi ch duyn khc n mi khi, th "c tr
thnh v dng. Nu "c i vi php, chnh l ci
nhn khng mt, loi hu tnh nh m thnh tu
thin, c. Nhng cc php thin, c thnh c u
khng la khi hu tnh. Nu la khi hu tnh th
khng c g tht "c. Cho nn "c i vi cc php
tr thnh v dng.
"c khng tht c, th "phi c cng vy.
Nhng nng cc php c th thnh tu ni hu
tnh, m theo phn v gi lp c ba th thnh tu : mt
l chng t thnh tu ; hai l t ti thnh tu ; ba l
hin hnh thnh tu. Ngc li y, gi lp tn "chng
thnh tu (phi c). Loi ny tuy nhiu, nhng y i
vi a v cha hi vnh vin chng t lu hoc do kin
s on trong ba ci m gi lp "phi c v gi l "D
sanh tnh (phm phu) v cha thnh tu c cc
Thnh php vy.
Li lm sao (Tiu tha) bit ngoi Sc, Tm, Tm
s, tht c php "ng phn ? V Kh kinh ni. Nh
Kh kinh ni : "y l thin ng phn, y l nhn
ng phn, cho n ni rng (l phn ng nhau gia
tri v tri, ngi v ngi).
Lun ch : Kinh ny khng ni khc vi Sc, Tm,
Tm s tht c php ng phn ring, nn s dn chng
trn khng thnh.

Nu ni tr ng, ngn ng ng l nhn ni "ng

phn m khi, nn bit tht c "ng phn. Nu th
thi l ng c cy cng nn c ng phn (theo nh
ngha, ng phn ch ni v loi hu tnh). Li nhn
ni "ng phn m khi tr bit ng, ngn ng ng,
th "ng phn li nn c "ng phn khc na.
Nhng kia khng vy, th y sao li vy c ?.
Li nu bo do "ng phn lm nhn mi khi s
vic ng, mun ng, nn bit tht c "php ng
phn. Ni vy cng khng ng l. V do tp qun v
trc lm nhn m khi ln s vic ng, cn g phi
chp tht c php "ng phn ring lm nhn.
Nhng y ni phn v sai bit ca thn tm tng t
gia cc hu tnh m gi lp "ng phn.
Li lm sao bit khc vi Sc, Tm, Tm s tht c
"mng cn ? (Tiu tha p) Do Kh kinh ni. Nh
Kh kinh ni : "C sc sng, hi nng v thc l ba
(th, non, thc), nn bit c "mng cn c gi l
sc sng.
Lun ch : Kinh ny khng ni khc vi Sc, Tm
tht c th th, nn dn chng khng thnh.
Li trc thnh lp ngha "sc (non) khng la
thc, nn bit y xa la thc cng khng c mng
cn", (v mng cn l mt phn ca sc).
Li, nu "mng cn tht c khc vi thc, th n
cng ging nh th v tng v.v..., chng phi tht
"mng cn.
Hi : Nu khng c ba php nh vy, ti sao kinh
ni c ba php th, non, thc ?
Lun ch : V ngha c sai khc nn ni c ba, nh
ni bn chnh on (ch c tinh tn m v ngha c sai
khc nn ni l bn).
Hi : ( khng c thc) th a v v tm, th
v non l phi khng c ?
p : u phi Kinh khng ni thc chng la thn
sao ?

Hi : Nu (thc khng la thn) nh vy, th sao

gi l a v v tm ?
p : a v kia ch dit chuyn thc m gi l
v tm, ch khng phi dit A-li-da thc. L do c
thc A-li-da ny, sau y s ni r. Chnh thc A-lida ny lm ci th cho ba ci, su th, bn loi sanh.
l qu D thc bin khp hng tng tc, ch khi
phi nhc chp ring c "mng cn tht lm g ?.
Nhng y ni chng t thn sanh ra thc th tm
ny, n do cng nng sai bit ca nghip trc dn dt
n ni chn v tn ti trong thi gian nht nh, m
gi lp l "mng cn thi.
Li, lm sao (Tiu tha) bit hai "nh v tm (l
V tng nh v Dit tn nh) v qu D thc tri V
tng khc vi Sc, Tm, Tm s, c tht t tnh ?
(Tiu tha p) - Nu khng tht c hai nh v tm v
qu D thc V tng th khng th ngn Tm, Tm s
lm cho khng hin khi (lun ch). Nu a v v
tm, c php tht khc vi Sc, Tm, c kh nng ngn
Tm, Tm s khng cho khi, m gi l nh v tm.
Nu th, khi v sc, l phi c php v sc ring khc
vi Sc, Tm, lm chng ngi sc, m c gi l V
sc nh hay sao ? Kia khng th, th y sao li th
?
Li, lm ngn ngi tm, cn g phi c tht php,
nh iu, l php gi cng c th ngn ngi c.
Ngha l khi tu nh, i vi nh c s gia cng, nhm
chn Tm, Tm s th ng, pht tm k nguyn th
thng, ngn Tm, Tm s, khin Tm, Tm s dn dn
vi t, n hun vo D thc thc, thnh chng t nhm
chn tm mt cch cc mnh, do s lm tn hi v un
dp chng t tm . M tm th ng tm thi khng
hin hnh, v nng ni phn v tm khng hin hnh
m gi lp hai nh v tm. V chng t ny lnh
nn nh cng gi l lnh.

Ngi tu nh V tng trc ht cu qu v V

tng, hun thnh chng t, chiu cm thc D thc
ci tri V tng, y nhng tng th ng da
thc D thc khng cn hin hnh. Ngay ni phn v
m lp l nh V tng da thc D thc m lp, nn
c gi tn D thc.
Cho nn bit ba php "V tng nh", "Dit tn
nh", "V tng D thc (V tng qu) cng khng
phi tht c.
(Ht cun mt theo bn Hn)
- Li lm sao bit "cc tng hu vi khc vi Sc,
Tm, c t tnh tht ? (Tiu tha p) Do Kh kinh ni
vy. Nh Kh kinh ni : "C tng hu vi ca ba php
hu vi (php hin bit nh Sc, Tm ; php hin th
dng nh bnh, o ; php c tc dng nh nm cn).
Cho n ni rng (Lun ch) Kinh ny khng ni khc
vi Sc, Tm tht c tng hu vi sanh, tr v.v..., nn
li dn chng trn khng thnh, khng phi v chuyn
thanh th su (tm cch thay i tip v ng danh t,
i danh t, hnh dung t trong Phn ng, gi l tm
chuyn thanh, l th thanh, nghip, c, v, ty, thuc, ,
h thanh. Hoc gi tm cch l th cch tc ch ng.
Dng cch hay th cch, tc cch, d cch, ot cch,
s hu cch, y cch, h cch. Thanh th su l "thuc
thanh hay "thuc cch", tc ch "ca trong cu "ca
php hu vi", l biu th th khc nhau gia php hu
vi v tng hu vi.) V th ca sc, Tm, chnh l Sc,
Tm, chng phi th ca nng tng (l bn tng hu
vi sanh, tr, d, dit) nht nh khc vi s tng (l
Php hu vi, Sc, Tm). V khng th bo tng cng,
t (nng tng) khc vi t, nc (s tng) v.v...
nu tng ca hu vi khc vi th ca s tng l
(php hu vi Sc, Tm), th th ca tng v vi phi
nn khc vi s tng php v vi (nh chn nh v.v...).

Li, bn tng sanh, tr, d, dit, nu th n u

tht c th nn phi trong tt c thi mt lt phi khi
ln tc dng. Nu v bn tng tri nhau m dng
khng th cng hin c c, thi bn th cng tri
nhau, lm sao cng hin c c ?
Li, dng ca tr, d, dit cng khng cng khi, v
nng tng l tr, d, dit v s tng l Sc, Tm th
cng sn c, th dng cng nn nh th, v khng c
tnh ring. Nu bo dng ca sanh, tr, dit, kia phi
i nhn duyn mi khi, i nhn duyn, th l ra
n khng phi sn c. Li, chp c tng sanh, tr, d,
dit l v dng.
Li, s tng l Sc, Tm hng c m cn i sanh
tr n hp, th l ng php v vi sn c cng i sanh
tr n hp, v ci nhn ca php v vi kia v php hu
vi y khng th khc nhau vy.
Li, i qu kh, v lai chng phi hin c, chng
phi thng, ging nh khng hoa, khng tht, c tnh.
Sanh ra gi l c, th u phi v lai, dit mt gi l
khng, th l ng khng phi hin ti. Dit nu chng
phi khng, th sanh nn chng phi c.
Li, "dit tri vi "tr lm sao c th chp cho,
ng thi, "tr khng tri vi "sanh", lm sao li khc
thi. Cho nn bit li chp bn tng hu vi, sanh, tr,
d, dit l tht c kia, ti lui gn hi thy u phi l.
Nhng php hu vi, do sc nhn duyn nn vn
khng nay c, tm c li hon khng. V biu th n
khc vi php v vi, nn gi lp bn tng. Vn khng
nay c, ngay khi c gi l "sanh. Sanh tm dng gi l
"tr", trong khi tr trc sau khc nhau, li lp tn "d.
Tm c li khng, ngay khi khng th gi l "dit. Ba
tng sanh, tr, d trc l c, ng hin ti, mt
tng dit sau l khng, nn thuc v qu kh.
Hi : Tng "dit l v php, sao cho l tng
ca hu vi ?

p : V n biu th v sau khng, nn cho l

tng, u c li g. Tng "sanh biu th hu php t
trc cha c, tng "dit biu th hu php v sau
khng c. Tng "d biu th php khng ngng
mt ch, tng "tr biu th php tm thi c tc
dng. Cho nn bn tng ny i vi php hu vi tuy
u gi l biu th, nhng s biu th khc nhau. Da
vo st-na biu th , m gi lp bn tng. Hoc y
vo phn v trong mt thi k cng c gi lp bn
tng.
Lc u c gi l sanh, lc sau khng gi l dit.
Sanh ri ni tip tng t gi l tr, chnh khi ni tip
m chuyn bin gi l d.
Th nn bn tng u l gi lp.
- Li, lm sao bit khc vi sc, Tm tht c
"danh, c, vn thn din t ? (Tiu tha p) Do
Kh kinh ni vy. Nh Kh kinh ni : "Pht c c
danh, c, vn thn, hy hu.
Lun ch : Nhng Kinh ny khng ni khc vi
Sc, Tm, c danh, c, vn thn tht nn li dn chng
trn khng thnh. Nu danh, c, vn khc vi m thanh
m tht c, th n ging nh sc, thanh v.v.... Khng
tht c kh nng thuyn biu din t. Ngha l m thanh
sanh ra "danh, c, vn", th m thanh ny chc c m
vn khut khc thuyn biu, ch cn g "danh
na ? Nu bo chnh m vn khut khc trn m thanh
l danh, c, vn, m l tht c khc vi m thanh, vy
th l ng hnh lng khut khc ni sc ta thy
cng khc vi sc m ring c tht th sao ? Nu bo
m vn khut khc ni m thanh ging nh m thanh
dy n khng th thuyn biu c, th m thanh ngn
ng ca hu tnh cng nh m thanh dy n v tnh
kia, chng th sanh ra "danh v.v...
V li, ai ni m thanh dy n, khng c kh nng
thuyn biu ? Nu m thanh dy n c kh nng
thuyn biu, vy m thanh ca gi, linh cng c tc

dng thuyn biu sao ? - Nhng y cng nh kia

khng ring sanh ra "danh, c, vn thn tht.
Nu cho rng ch m thanh ngn ng mi c kh
nng sanh ra "danh, c v.v..., th ti sao khng chp
nhn ch c ngn ng mi c kh nng thuyn biu ?
Do l g bit chc kh nng thuyn biu chnh l ngn
ng ? Lm sao bit khc vi ngn ng ring c nng
thuyn ? Ngn ng khng khc nng thuyn, l vic
tri, ngi u bit, cn chp nng thuyn khc vi
ngn ng, th ch c tri mi a thi.
Nhng y theo phn v sai bit ca m thanh ngn
ng m gi lp "danh, c, vn thn. Danh din t t
tnh, c din t ngha sai bit, cn vn tc l ch, ch
nng ca danh v c. Ba th danh, c, vn la m
thanh tuy khng c tht th, song bn danh, c, vn gi,
bn m thanh tht khc nhau. Danh, c, vn cng chng
phi chnh l m thanh. Do danh, c, vn l "php v
ngi gii", m thanh l t "v ngi gii cnh gii c
khc nhau. m thanh v danh, c nhip v un, x, gii
cng khc nhau. (m thanh nhip v sc un, thanh x,
thanh gii, cn danh, c nhip v hnh un, php x,
php gii).
V y theo ci Ta-b ny m ni danh, c, vn
nng m thanh gi lp, ch khng phi tt c cc ci
khc u th. C nhng ci Pht cng nng theo nh
sng, hoc diu hng, diu v m gi lp danh, c,
vn.
- C ngi chp : "Ty min khc vi Tm, Tm
s v nhip vo Bt tng ng hnh un. Li chp ny
cng phi l. Gi l ty min (chng t) tham, sn cng
ging nh hin hnh tham, sn, chng nhip vo Bt
tng ng hnh un.
- i vi ngi chp tht c nhng php Bt tng
ng hnh khc, th c chun theo l l trn, u ngn
tr c.

- Hoc chp cc "php v vi", La sc, Tm chc

chn tht c.
- Theo l khng th c. V php quyt chc l
c, lc c ba th :
1. Php hin bit c, nh Sc, Tm.
2. Php hin th dng c, nh bnh, o v.v..., hai
php ny ngi i u bit l c, khng i phi so
snh l do.
3. Php c tc dng, nh mt, tai v.v... do mi th
mt, tai c tc dng m chng bit n l c. Cn php
v vi khng phi ngi i cng bit chc c. Li php
v vi khng c tc dng nh mt, tai. Gi s chp nhn
v vi c tc dng, th v vi phi v thng, th nn
khng th chp v vi nht nh c.
- Nhng cc v vi l tnh c bit, l tnh c
hin l ca Sc, Tm, ging nh Sc, Tm khng th
chp la Sc, Tm, tht c tnh v vi.
Li, h khng v vi, Trch dit v vi, Phi trch dit
v vi, th n l mt hay l nhiu ? Nu th l mt v
bin khp mi ni, m v th ca h khng dung th ht
cc sc php, vy h khng ty theo php nng hp vi
n m th n tr thnh nhiu, (nu th h khng l mt
th hp ch ny tt khng hp ch khc). Nu khng
nh vy th cc php phi bin khp ln nhau. Nu bo
h khng khng hp vi cc php, th h khng khng
c th dung th, ging nh cc php v vi khc.
Li, trong sc c h khng chng ? Nu c th ln
xn, khng c th h khng khng bin khp.
Nu chp Trch dit v vi l mt, th khi kit s
ca trong mt b, mt phm lu hoc c on tr,
(kin hoc do m Bn thnh bn b 88 hoc s, t
hoc mt b 81 phm) tt phi c trch dit i vi
kit s ca cc b, cc phm hoc khc. Khi mt php

v thiu duyn khng sanh c th tt c phi c phi

trch dit i vi tt c php. V kia chp cc php v
vi ng mt th, th l phi nh vy.
Nu chp ba php v vi th l nhiu nn c nhiu
phm loi, tt n ging nh sc php, ch khng phi
tht l php v vi. V h khng li khng phi bin
khp dung th.
- Cc b phi khc chp la Tm, Tm s tht c
php v vi. Chun theo trn y ph.
Li, cc php v vi, v chp nhn n khng c
nhn qu, th ging nh sng th, chng phi khc vi
tm m tht c c.
- Nhng Kh kinh ni : "C cc php v vi nh h
khng v vi v.v...", lc c hai :
1. Y theo thc bin, gi t l c. Ngha l tng
nghe ni n tn h khng, theo phn bit c cc
tng h khng v.v..., ri do sc tp quen mi nn khi
tm sanh in tung c tng h khng v vi hin ra.
Tng s hin y trc sau ni tip khng thay i, gi
ni l thng.
2. Y theo php tnh, gi t l c, ngha l c tnh
chn nh do "khng, v ng hin l, chng phi c,
chng phi khng, bt dt ng tm suy ming ni,
cng vi ht thy php chng phi mt chng phi
khc. L chn l ca cc php, nn gi l php tnh hay
gi l chn nh v vi, do sc gin trch dt ht cc
nhim rt ro chng hi, nn gi l trch dit ; khng
do sc gin trch, m bn tnh vn thanh tnh, hoc v
thiu duyn m c hin l, nn gi l phi trch dit ;
s th kh vui dit ht, nn gi l bt ng dit v vi ;
do th v tng khng hin hnh, nn gi l th tng
dit v vi. Nm v vi sau u nng chn nh v vi m
gi lp. V chn nh cng l danh t gi t ra, v
ngn s bc khng, cho nn ni n l c. V ngn s
chp c, cho nn gi n l khng, khng th bo l nh
huyn cho nn gi l tht. L khng phi h vng in

o, nn gi l chn nh. Khng ng vi cc tng phi

khc chp la sc, Tm c ci php chn thng, gi l
chn nh, cho nn bit cc php v vi, khng chc tht
c.
- Ngoi o v cc tha gio khc chp c cc
php khc vi Tm, Tm s, cc php chng phi c
tht tnh (tn), v l s th vy (nhn), nh Tm, Tm
s (d). Ci bit ca Tm, Tm s nng th ly cc
php kia, cng khng duyn n cc php kia (tn), v
l nng th (nhn), nh ci bit ca Tm, Tm s duyn
ni tng phn ca Tm, Tm s (d).
- Song cc Tm, Tm s l php y tha khi, cng
nh vic huyn, khng phi tht c, ch v khin
tr ci bnh vng chp tht c cnh ngoi Tm,
Tm s nn ni "Duy c thc. Nu li chp "Duy
thc l tht c, th cng nh chp ngoi cnh, u
l php chp. (13)
- Nhng cc "php chp lc c hai th :
Mt l cu sanh php chp.
Hai l phn bit php chp.
- Cu sanh php chp l t v th n nay do h
vng hun tp thnh ci sc nhn bn trong, thng
cng sanh mt ln vi thn, khng i phi c t gio
v t phn bit, n vn t chuyn sanh, cho nn gi l
cu sanh. Cu sanh ny li c hai : mt l thng tng
tc, l thc th by duyn kin phn thc th tm,
khi ln tng trn t thc th by, ri chp cho
l php tht ; hai l c gin an, l thc th su
duyn tng ng un, thp nh x, thp bt gii do thc
biu hin, tng hoc chung hoc ring hin ln trn
t thc th su ri chp ly cho l php tht. Hai th
php chp ny vi t kh on. V sau trong Thp a
thng thng tu tp qun "Php khng mt cch rt
ro mi c th on tr c.
- Phn bit php chp th cng cn do sc ngoi
duyn hin ti, n khng cng sanh mt ln vi thn,

phi i c t gio v t phn bit ri mi sanh khi,

cho nn gi l phn bit. Th phn bit php chp ny
ch c thc th su. Th ny cng c hai : mt l
duyn theo tng un, x, gii ca t gio ni, ri khi
tng y trn t tm m phn bit so o, chp cho l
php tht ; hai l duyn theo tng t tnh, minh
v.v... ca t gio ni, ri khi tng y trn t tm m
phn bit so o, chp cho l php tht. Hai th php
chp ny th ph d on, khi nhp vo S a, qun
tnh "Php khng chn nh ca ht thy php, bn c
th on tr.
- Nhng php chp ni nh trn, nu l php
ngoi tm th php hoc c hoc khng, nu l php
trong tm th php u c (php ngoi tm l s
s duyn nn hoc c hoc khng khi chp n l c tht
; cn php trong tm l tng phn ca thc bin, l
thn s duyn nn lun c, khi chp n).
Cho nn bit php chp l u duyn theo t php
hin ra trn t tm m chp cho l tht c. Nhng tng
t php l t duyn sanh, ch c mt cch nh
huyn. Php c chp cho l tht, v ch do h vng k
t, quyt chc l khng c. Cho nn c Th Tn ni :
"T Th nn bit, cc php ca thc duyn, ch do
thc hin. N l y tha khi, ging nh vic huyn.
Nh vy, ngoi o v cc tha gio chp c ng v
php la thc ; ng, php y u khng phi tht c. Cho
nn Tm, Tm s chc chn khng dng sc php bn
ngoi lm S duyn duyn. Ci dng ca duyn l phi
nng ni php c tht th (m ng v php khng c tht
th, cho nn khng phi l duyn ca tm). Ngay nhm
Tm, Tm s hin ti ny cng khng phi l thn s
duyn duyn ca nhm Tm, Tm s kia (tn), v nh
khng phi s duyn (d), v nhip vo nhm tm khc
(nhn). ng t Tm s cng khng phi thn s duyn
(tn), v t th khc nhau (nhn), v nh cc ci khng
phi s th khc (d).

Do nn bit tht khng c ngoi cnh, ch c

ni thc sanh t nh ngoi cnh. Th nn Kh kinh c
bi k rng: "Ngoi cnh nh k ngu phn bit, n tht
u khng, ch do tp kh nhiu lon trc tm, nn
mi c tng tng t nh ngoi cnh hin ra.
Hi : C ngi nn rng : nu khng c tht ng,
tht php la ngoi thc th gi ng, gi php cng
khng c. V gi tt phi nng ni s tht, s tng t
v c tnh chung m lp, nh c la tht (s tht), c
ngi nng nh la (s tng t). C c tng rc
(php chung) mi c th gi ni ngi y nh l la.
Gi ni ngi y nh tru v.v..., nn bit cng th. Ng
v php nu khng tht c th da vo u gi ni, v
khng gi thuyt th ni tng t cng khng thnh,
lm sao ni tm bin chuyn sanh ra cnh tng t nh
cnh bn ngoi ?
Lun ch : Kia nn nh th l phi l. Ni ng v
php la thc m c, trc ph ri, v y theo loi hay
y theo tht gi ni la, u khng thnh.
- Y theo "loi m gi ni, l khng thnh. V ci
tnh rc m c sc t chy khng phi ng loi
la v ngi u c. Nu khng c c tnh ng loi
chung cho c hai bn m vn gi ni ngi kia nh la,
th cng c th ni nc gi ni l la. Nu bo tnh
rc, tuy khng phi l sc t chy, nhng v n khng
la nhau, nn c th gi ni ; ni th khng ng, v
hin thy gia ngi v c tnh rc ca la vn la
nhau. Ni loi rc khng c c tnh t chy
ca la, li xa la nhau gia loi v c, th m c
ngi i vi ngi vn ni ngi kia nh la. Cho
nn bit gi ni khng phi nng ni loi m thnh.
- Y theo ni "tht m gi ni, l cng khng xong.
V c tnh rc t chy khng phi chung c gia
la v ngi. Ngha l c tnh rc ni la v
ni ngi khc nhau, v ch nng khc nhau, n
khng cng chung m gi ni, th cng c li nh

trc. Nu bo ngi v c tnh rc ca la tng

t nn c th gi ni th cng khng ng l. V ni la
ni ngi ch khng phi ni c tnh. Do bit
gi thuyt khng phi y ni tht m thnh.
Li, nu bo gi tc phi nng s tht mi lp, th
cng khng ng l. V s tht tc l t tng, n
khng phi l cnh gii ca gi tr bit ti v gi thuyn
(ngn, c, vn) ni ti, v gi tr v gi thuyn khng
th chng bit c t tng. Gi tr v gi thuyn ch
bit c cng tng ca cc php. Cng khng phi
la ngoi cng tng ny, c cch g khc thit t t
tng lm ch nng ca gi. Nhng gi tr v gi
thuyn phi y ni m thanh m khi, ch m thanh
khng vi ti, th gi tr v gi thuyn khng khi ln
c, do nng thuyn v s thuyn (ni v c ni)
u chng phi t tng. Cho nn bit gi thuyt khng
da vo s tht.
Do bit ch y ni s tng t m thnh gi ni.
Tng t ngha l cng tng tng thm, ch khng
phi c tng tht. Ngn thanh da vo tng tng t
tng thm m khi ra, cho nn khng th ni gi
phi nng tht mi c. Th nn li ct nn ca ngi
kia khng ng l.
- Nhng y ni thc bin m gi ni t ng, t php
i tr ngi vng chp c tht ng tht php. Nh
trong Kh kinh ni k : "V i tr k ngu phu chp, c
tht ng php, cho nn ni tng bin hin ca thc, gi
ni danh t ng, php. (14)
- Cc tng do thc bin hin tuy nhiu th,
nhng thc nng bin phn loi c ba :
Mt l thc D thc, tc thc th tm, c nhiu
tnh D thc.
Hai l thc T lng, tc thc th by, thng
thm xt t lng.

Ba l thc Liu bit cnh, tc su thc trc, Liu

bit cnh tng th ph. Trong bi tng u c ch
"cp (v) l t s hp su thc trc lm mt loi thc
Liu bit cnh.
Ba thc ny u gi l thc nng bin. Nng bin
c hai th :
- Mt l nhn nng bin, tc hai th nhn tp kh
l ng lu v D thc (tc l danh ngn hun tp, hu
chi hun tp hay nghip tp kh ni on sau) trong
thc th tm. ng lu tp kh, do chng t ba tnh
thin, c, v k trong by chuyn thc trc hun tp ;
ba chng t thin, c, v k trong thc th tm khin
sanh trng. D thc tp kh, do hai tnh thin, c hu
lu trong su thc trc hun tp chng t thin, c hu
hu trong thc th tm lm cho sanh trng.
- Hai l qu nng bin, tc do th lc ca hai tp
kh trn m c tm thc t chng phn sanh, (t t
chng phn) hin ra cc tng (tng phn v kin
phn). Bi do ng lu tp kh lm nhn duyn, nn
sanh ra th v tng ca tm thc sai bit, gi l qu
ng lu, v qu ging nhn. Do D thc tp kh lm
ci duyn tng thng chiu cm sanh ra thc th tm
hng tng tc, th p li th lc ca dn nghip, gi
l chn D thc, v chiu cm sanh ra su thc trc,
th p li mn nghip, v n t chn D thc khi ln,
nn gi l D thc sanh, ch khng gi chn D thc, v
n c gin on. Chnh chn D thc v D thc sanh,
chung gi l D thc qu. V qu khc nhn vy. Nhng
trong bi Tng y ch ni v bn thc th tm b thc
th by chp ng, n chp tr chng t tp nhim li c
th bin ra qu thc D thc m gi l D thc. Ch
khng phi ni tt c D thc ni su thc trc. (15)
VII. THC BIN HIN TH NHT

- Tuy lc ni ba tn nng bin, nhng

cha bin gii rng ba tng nng bin. Vy thc
nng bin u, tng c nh th no ?
Tng p :
u, thc A-li-da,
D thc, Nht thit chng.
Khng th bit, chp, th,
X, Liu. Tng ng xc,
Tc , th, tng, t.
V ch c x th.
Tnh v ph v k.
Tnh xc cng nh th,
Hng chuyn nh nc dc,
A-la-hn b ht.
Lun rng : Thc nng bin u, theo i v Tiu
tha gio u gi l A-li-da. Thc ny c ba ngha
nng tng, s tng, chp tng. Ngha l v n cng vi
cc php tp nhim lm duyn ln nhau, v v loi hu
tnh a chp n lm t ng bn trong. Tn A-li-da ny
chnh l biu th t tng s hu ca thc Nng bin
th nht, bi nhip tr c nhn qu lm t tng ca n.
T tng ca thc th tm ny tuy c nhiu phn v
(nn c nhiu ngha), nhng ngha Tng thc c x
b trc tin v v ti li n rt nng, cho nn nghing
theo m ni tn A-li-da trc tn D thc v Nht thit
chng.
Thc th tm ny l qu D thc trong cc ci cc
th, cc loi sanh do nghip thin, bt thin dn n,
gi l chn D thc. V la thc th tm ny, th khng
th ring c qu D thc th thng v mng cn, chng
ng phn, cng sanh t un, hng thi tng tc. Tn
D thc ny chnh l biu th "qu tng s hu ca
thc Nng bin th nht. Qu tng ca thc th tm
ny tuy c nhiu v, nhiu chng, nhng v ngha D

thc c tnh cch c bit khng chung vi by thc

trc, nn nghing theo m gi tn l thc D thc.
Li, thc th tm c kh nng chp th duy tr
chng t cc php khng mt, cho nn li gi l thc
Nht thit chng. V la thc ny, cc php Sc, Tm
khc khng c c kh nng cng khp chp th duy
tr chng t cc php. Tn nht thit chng ny chnh l
biu th "nhn tng s hu ca thc Nng bin th
nht. Nhn tng ca thc ny tuy c nhiu th, nhng
tnh cch duy tr chng t ca n l c bit khng
chung vi by thc trc, nn nghing theo m gi tn
l thc Nht thit chng.
Thc Nng bin th nht th tng tuy nhiu,
nhng ni tm tt ch c ba tng nh th. (16)
VIII. GII R TNG NHT THIT
CHNG
- Nn phn bit r thm v tng nht thit
chng.
Trong y php g gi l "Chng t ? - ngha l
cng nng sai bit trong bn thc, chnh n ch thn
sanh ra t qu ca n. Cng nng ny vi bn thc v
t qu do n sanh chng phi mt, chng phi khc, th
v dng, nhn v qu, ng l l nh vy. Tuy chng
phi mt, chng phi khc, nhng m chng t l tht
c, cn nu l gi php th nh php khng, n chng
phi l nhn duyn ca cc php.
Hi : Chng t ny cng vi cc php chng
phi mt, chng phi khc, th n ging nh ci bnh, l
gi ch khng phi tht (v bnh do t to thnh, t v
bnh chng phi mt, chng phi khc).
p : Nu ni vy, chn nh cng cc php cng
chng phi mt, chng phi khc, nh th th chn nh
phi l gi. Nu chp nhn chn nh l gi, th khng

c chn Thng ngha ! Nhng cc chng t ch y

theo l th tc m ni n l tht c, song khng ng
chn nh (c theo thng ngha ).
Chng t tuy nng thc th th tm, nhng l
tng phn ca thc ny, ch khng phi l kin phn,
t chng phn v kin phn thng ly chng t lm
cnh s duyn.
Cc chng t hu lu cng vi thc D thc th
khng khc bit, nn nhip vo tnh v k, nhng nhn
v qu ca n u c tnh thin, c, v k nn cng gi
chng t hu hu l thin, c, v k. Cn cc chng t
v lu khng phi nhip vo cng tnh D thc thc, v
nhn v qu ca v lu u thuc tnh thin, nn ch gi
chng t v lu l thin.
Hi : Nu vy ti sao Quyt trch phn th hai
trong lun Du-gi ni : "Tt c hai mi hai cn u c
chng t D thc, u l D thc sanh ? (v trong hai
mi hai cn, c ba cn v lu).
p : Tuy ni ba cn v lu l D thc, m
chng phi l v k, v y ni D thc m gi l chng t
D thc. Chng t v lu l thin. D thc l v k, tuy
khc tnh m phi nng nhau, nh thc c ba tnh,
m nng v k pht sanh, hoc chng t v lu do sc
hun tp chuyn bin thnh thc, m gi l D thc,
nhng khng phi th D thc nhip vo tnh v k.
Chng t vn c v chng t mi sanh :
- Trong y c thuyt cho rng : "Tt c chng t
nhim tnh u bn tnh vn c, ch khng phi do
hun tp mi sanh. Do sc hun tp ch c th lm cho
n tng trng. Nh Kh Kinh ni : "Ht thy loi hu
tnh t v th lai c chng t gii nh chm tri c xoa,
php nh nh vy vn c. Gii ni y l tn khc ca
chng t.
Li Kh kinh ni : "Gii t v th lai lm ch
nng cho ht thy php. Gii ni y ngha l nhn.

Lun Du-gi cng ni : "Th ca cc chng t t

v th lai, tnh tuy vn c nhng do nhim tnh mi
hun tp m pht hin. "cc loi hu tnh t v th lai
nu ai c sn php (o l) Bt-nit-bn th ht thy
chng t hu lu, v lu u c . Cn ai khng c
sn php Bt Nit-bn l thiu ba th B- chng t
(Thanh vn, Duyn gic, V thng B-).
Nhng on vn nh vy, tht lm chng khng
phi t.
Li ni cc loi hu tnh vn c nm chng tnh
khc nhau, nn bit chc c php nh chng t vn c,
khng phi do hun tp pht sanh.
Li lun Du-gi ni : "Chng sanh a ngc
thnh tu ba cn v lu, l chng t v lu ch
khng phi hin hnh v lu."
Li t v th ln lt truyn n php nh vn c
tnh chng t bn tnh thng tr.
Nhng vn y chng t chng t v lu l php
nh vn c, khng do hun tp sanh. Php hu lu cng
th, php nh vn c chng t v ch do hun tp lm
cho tng trng, ch khng phi hun ring chng t
mi no khc.
Nh th mi kin lp nhn qu khng ri lan.
- Li c thuyt cho rng chng t u do "hun tp
pht sanh. Ch v s hun v nng hun u c t v
th, cho nn ni cc chng t cng thnh tu t v th.
Chng t l tn khc ca tp kh, m tp kh th chc
chn phi do hun tp mi c, nh mi thm ca m l
do hoa p m c. Nh Kh kinh ni : "Tm loi hu
tnh c hun tp bi cc php nhim tnh, mi c s
cha nhm ca v lng chng t."
Lun ni : "Chng t bn trong tm nht nh c
s hun tp, cn ht ging bn ngoi tm th hoc c
hun hoc khng hun.
Li ba th chng t c hun tp l danh ngn,
nghip, v ng chp, n tng nhip ht thy chng t

cc php hu lu. Ba th ny do hun tp m c, cho

nn chng t hu lu chc chn nh c hun tp mi
pht sanh.
V lu chng t cng do hun tp, ni "Vn hun
tp l do nghe Chnh php c bnh ng tun ra t
php gii thanh tnh, m hun tp pht khi thnh
chng t v lu, l tnh chng t ca tm xut th v
lu.
- Cc hu tnh xa nay chng tnh sai khc, khng
do chng t v lu c hay khng c, m ch da c
chng hay khng chng m kin lp. Nh lun Dugi ni i vi cnh gii chn nh, nu c y
chng t hai chng l phin no chng v s tri
chng, th lp lm chng tnh Khng Bt-nit-bn
php. Nu ch c y chng t s tri chng m
khng c chng t phin no chng, th mt phn lp
lm chng tnh Thanh vn, mt phn lp lm chng
tnh c-gic. Nu hon ton khng c chng t hai
chng th lp lm chng tnh Nh lai. Cho nn bit
xa nay c chng tnh khc nhau l y ni c chng
hay khng chng m kin lp, ch khng phi y ni
chng t v lu vn c m kin lp.
Ni cu : "a ngc thnh tu chng t v lu l
y theo ngha c th s sanh m ni, ch khng phi theo
ngha c tht th chng t .
- C thuyt cho rng, chng t hu lu, v lu u
c hai loi :
1. Chng t vn c, tc cng nng sai bit v T sanh,
Ng un, Thp nh x, Thp Bt gii trong D thc thc
t v th li, php nh vn c, c Th Tn y theo ni cc
loi hu tnh t v th li c chng chng gii nh chm tri
c xoa, php nh vn c. Cn nhng dn chng khc, ni
rng nh trc. y gi l chng t bn tnh vn c.
2. Chng t mi sanh, tc l v th lai do thng
thng hin hnh hun tp m c. c Th Tn y theo
ni tm cc hu tnh c hun tp bi cc php

nhim tnh, thnh ch cha nhm ca v lng chng

t. Cc Lun cng ni chng t nhim tnh do php
nhim tnh hun tp m pht sanh, y chnh gi l
chng t do hun tp thnh.
Nu ch c chng t vn c, th cc chuyn thc
khng cng vi A-li-da thc lm tnh nhn duyn cho
nhau. Nh Kh kinh ni : "Cc php i vi Tng thc,
Tng thc i vi cc php cng vy, lm qu tnh cho
nhau, cng thng lm nhn tnh cho nhau.
Bi Tng ny ni thc A-li-da cng cc chuyn
thc trong tt c thi trin chuyn sanh ln nhau, lm
nhn qu ln nhau.
Lun nhip i tha ni : "Thc A-li-da cng vi
php tp nhim lm nhn duyn cho nhau, nh tim n
v ngn la trin chuyn pht chy, li nh hai b lau
nng nhau m ng . Ch y theo hai th chng t v
hin hnh kin lp nhn duyn, cn nhng nhn
duyn khc u khng phi tht nhn duyn.
Nu cc chng t khng do hun tp sanh, th lm sao
cc chuyn thc cng vi thc A-li-da c c ngha lm
nhn duyn ? Khng th do hun tp lm cho tng trng
m gi l nhn duyn (lm cho tng trng th ch gi l
Tng thng duyn). Khng th bo rng nghip thin c
lm nhn duyn cho D thc qu (n ch lm Tng thng
duyn).
Li cc Thnh gio ni c chng t do hun tp
mi sanh l u tri vi ngha chng t vn c kia, th
nn ni ch c chng t vn c li l tri vi l ln gio
ni chng t mi sanh.
Nu ch c chng t mi sanh, th cc php hu
lu, v lu khng th sanh c, v thiu nhn duyn
sn c. Php hu lu khng th lm chng t cho php
v lu, v khng th c chng t v lu sanh ra php
hu lu. Nu chp nhn chng t v lu sanh hu lu
th cc c Pht li sanh ra php hu lu, php thin li
c th lm chng t cho php bt thin.

Phi Phn bit lun tuy dn Kinh ni : "Tm tnh

vn tnh, do khch trn phin no lm cho nhim, nn
gi l tp nhim. Khi xa la phin no th chuyn thnh
v lu, cho nn php v lu chng phi v nhn sanh.
Nhng ch tm tnh ni y c ngha l g ?
- Nu ni tm tnh l ch cho l khng, th l
khng chng phi l nhn ca tm. Li, l khng l
php thng, quyt khng phi l chng t ca cc
php, v th ca l khng trc sau, khng chuyn bin.
Nu ni tm tnh y chnh l tm (bn tnh). Th ng
vi Phi S lun chp, tng tuy chuyn bin m th
thng nht, tm c v v k li u l thin. Nu chp
nhn nh th th l ng tm c v v k cng tng
ng vi thin tm s tn v.v... Cn nu khng chp
nhn nh th thi tm c v v k vn khng phi l th
ca thin tm. Nh vy cn khng c gi l thin,
hung g gi l v lu. Li, thin tm hu lu, tuy
khng ng vi tm c v v k, song bo l tp
nhim th n nh c tm, tnh chng phi l v lu ;
cho nn thin tm hu lu khng th lm chnh nhn
cho v lu. ng bo thin v c lm nhn cho nhau
c.
Li, nu tm hu lu m tnh l v lu (gi l tm tnh
vn tnh), th c th tm v lu m tnh l hu lu, nh vy
th nhn duyn sai khc gia hu lu, v lu khng th c
c.
Li, tm ca loi D sanh (phm phu), nu l v
lu, thi khi ang a v loi D sanh c php v lu
hin hnh, th nn gi l bc Thnh.
Nu bo tm ca loi D sanh, Tnh tuy l v lu,
nhng tng c nhim, nn khng gi l v lu hin
hnh, th khng b li ny (li gi loi D sanh l bc
Thnh). Hin hnh khng phi v lu, thi chng t
ca tm cng chng phi v lu, ti sao ng ni c loi
D sanh ch c thnh tu chng t v lu ? V chng
t v hin hnh, tnh ng nhau vy.

Nhng Kh kinh ni : "Tm tnh vn thanh tnh

l ni chn nh c hin hin t l tm khng. Chn
nh l tnh chn tht ca tm. Hoc ni tm th khng
phi l phin no, nn gi l tnh vn tnh, ch khng
phi ni tnh ca tm hu lu l v lu, nn gi l vn
tnh.
Do nn tin rng, cc loi hu tnh c chng t v
lu t v th, php nh thnh tu, khng do hun tp, v sau
a v thng tn tu tp, hun tp lm cho n tng trng,
ly n lm nhn m php v lu khi ln, li hun tp tr
thnh chng t. Chng t php hu lu, so theo y m bit.
Trong cc Thnh gio tuy ni chng t bn trong tm,
quyt nh c s hun tp, nhng khng nht nh ni ht
thy chng t u do hun tp mi sanh, lm sao c th
hon ton bc khng c chng t vn c ? Nhng chng t
vn c cng do hun tp lm cho tng thnh, mi kt thnh
qu. Th nn ni chng t trong tm quyt phi c hun tp.
S nghe hun tp chng phi ch hun tp chng t
hu lu, m khi nghe Chnh php cng hun tp chng
t v lu vn c, lm cho tng thnh dn, trin chuyn
cho n pht sanh tm xut th v lu. Cho nn cng
ni l nghe hun tp. Trong nghe hun tp, nhng
tnh thin hu lu, b s tu tp on tr, do chiu
cm D thc v lu th thng, lm tng thng duyn
th thng cho php xut th. Cn nhng tnh v lu
khng b s tu tp on tr, th lm nhn duyn chnh
cho php xut th. Ci nhn duyn chnh ny v n kh
bit cho nn Thnh gio c ch ni nng ni tng
thng duyn th hin m phng tin gi ni tm
thin hu lu, l chng t ca tm xut th kin o
v lu.
- Nng hai chng m kin lp chng tnh sai
bit l mun hin by chng t v lu c hay khng
c. Ngha l nu ai hon ton khng c chng t v lu
th chng t hai chng kia vnh vin khng th b hi
tr, chnh ngay lp lm php phi Nit-bn. Nu ai

ch c chng t v lu ca hng Nh tha th chng t

s tri chng kia vnh vin khng th b hi tr, ngay
mt phn lp lm chng tnh Thanh vn, mt phn
lp lm chng tnh Duyn gic. Nu ai c chng t v
lu ca Pht th chng t hai chng kia u b hi tr
vnh vin, v ngay lp lm chng tnh Nh Lai. Cho
nn bit, do chng t v lu c hay khng c m hai
chng c th b dt hay khng th b dt.
Nhng chng t v lu v n kh bit, nn c
theo hai chng kh on hay khng kh on hin
by chng tnh sai bit. Nu khng c chng t v lu
nh vy, th c nhn g khc m hai chng kia c th
b hi hay khng th b hi. Nu bo php nh vn c
hai chng c th hi v khng th hi, th i vi
chng t php v lu ti sao khng chp nhn cng vn
c nh th. Nu vn hon ton khng c chng t php
v lu, thi cc Thnh o vnh vin khng sanh c,
bit ly g loi tr chng t hai chng, m ni
nng hai chng lp chng tnh sai khc ? Thnh o
kia khng th hin sanh, m ni ba v lu cn s c
th hin sanh, cng nht nh phi l.
Nhng cc Thnh gio, ni ni u ni c chng
t vn c, nay nu ni khng c l tri vi ngha kia.
Th nn bit, ni ch c chng t mi sanh l tri vi c
l ln gio.
Do , nn bit chng t cc php u c hai
loi l loi vn c v loi mi sanh.
Nhng chng t tm tt c su ngha :
1. St-na dit - Ngha l th n va sanh lin dit,
c nng lc th thng mi thnh chng t. Ngha ny
ngn nga nhng php g thng, v thng khng
chuyn bin th khng th ni c cng dng nng sanh.
2. Qu cu hu - Ngha l n cng vi qu php
hin hnh do n sanh ra cng ha hp mt lc, mi
thnh chng t. Ngha ny ngn nga nhng php g c

trc sau v cch la nhau. V hin hnh vi chng t

tuy khc loi nhng khng tri nghch nhau, cng mt
lc hin c ni mt thn, mi c tc dng pht sanh,
khng ging nh chng t vi chng t t loi trc
sau sanh nhau ; v trc sau tri nhau khng th cng
c. Tuy nhn chng t vi qu, c khi cu hu, c khi
khng cu hu, nhng y ch ni nhn qu hin ti
ng thi l c th c tc dng lm nhn (mi gi l
chng t), ch v lai cha sanh v qu kh dit,
khng c t th (khng lm nhn c).
V vy y ni kh nng sanh hin qu m lp tn
chng t, ch khng y ni s dn sanh chng t t loi
lp tn chng t. Cho nn ch nn ni n vi qu
cng c mt ln, mi thnh chng t .
3. Hng ty chuyn - Ngha l phi cng mt loi
tng tc trng k cho n khi t a v cu cnh,
mi thnh chng t. Ngha ny ngn nga cc chuyn
thc thng chuyn dch gin on, khng tng ng
vi php chng t. y l hin th chng t t loi sanh
nhau.
4. Tnh quyt nh - Ngha l ty theo sc ca
nhn thin c c cng nng quyt nh sanh ra qu thin
hoc c khng hn lon, mi thnh chng t. Ngha ny
ngn nga cc B phi khc chp nhn tnh khc sanh
ra qu tnh khc, m cho l ngha nhn duyn.
5. i chng duyn - Ngha l phi ch cc duyn
cng loi chung hp li, c cng nng th thng, mi
thnh chng t. Ngha ny ngn nga ngoi o chp
nguyn nhn t nhin, khng cn ch cc duyn
thng hng vn chng sanh ra qu. Hoc ngn nga
cc B phi khc chp duyn thng c, hin th ci
duyn c ch i khng phi thng c, cho nn
chng t khng phi thng cng lc bng sanh qu.
6. Dn t qu - Ngha l mi mi dn sanh ra hin
qu sc v tm ring bit, mi thnh chng t. Ngha
ny ngn nga ngoi o chp ch mt nhn sanh ra tt

c qu ; hoc ngn nga cc B phi khc chp sc v

tm lm nhn duyn cho nhau.
Tm li, ch c cng nng sai bit trong bn thc l
c su ngha ny, mi thnh chng t, ch khng
phi g khc.
La, np v.v..., bn ngoi do thc bin hin, gi lp
gi l ht ging, nhng chng phi tht ht ging.
Chng t c th lc trc tip sanh ra qu chnh
thc gn nht th gi l sanh nhn, cn gin tip dn
n qu tng d cch xa lm cho khng dt ngang, th
gi l dn nhn.
Chng t trong bn thc tt do hun tp c sanh
trng, ch thn sanh ra qu, y l nhn duyn, cn
chng t bn ngoi hoc c hun tp hoc khng hun
tp, n ch l tng thng duyn. Ni n qu c
sanh tt phi ly chng t bn trong tm lm nhn
duyn ca n, cn la, np l kt qu do chng t cng
tng sanh.
- Y theo ngha g lp danh t hun tp ?
- S hun v Nng hun u c bn ngha. Lm
cho chng t trong bn thc c sanh trng nn gi
l hun tp.
Th no l bn ngha ca S hun ?
1. Tnh kin tr - Nu php g trc sau mt loi
tng tc bn chc, c kh nng duy tr tp kh mi
thnh S hun. Ngha ny ngn nga cc chuyn thc
v m thanh, gi l th khng c tnh kin tr, nn
khng phi l S hun (chu s hun tp).
2. Tnh v k - Nu php g c tnh bnh ng dung
np mi tp kh khng chng nghch, mi thnh S
hun. Ngha ny ngn nga tnh thin v nhim, n c
th lc cng thnh, khng dung np nhng g tri vi
n, nn khng phi l S hun. Do bt Tnh thc
ca Nh Lai ch mang theo chng t v lu c m
khng phi hun tp chng t mi.

3. Tnh kh hun - Nu php g c tnh t ti khng

cng nhc kn nhim, c kh nng np th tp kh, mi
thnh S hun. Ngha ny ngn nga Tm s v php
V vi l php da vo ci khc v cng nhc kn nhim,
nn khng phi l S hun.
4. Tnh cng ha hp vi Nng hun - Nu php g
cng vi php Nng hun ng thi ng x khng tc
khng ly, mi l S hun. Ngha ny ngn nga i vi
thn ngi khc v st-na trc sau khng c s ha
hp, nn khng phi l S hun.
Do , ch c thc D thc c bn ngha trn,
nn c th thnh S hun, ch khng phi cc Tm s
v.v...
Th no l bn ngha ca Nng hun ?
1. C sanh dit - Nu php g khng thng hng
m bin chuyn, c tc dng sanh trng tp kh, mi l
php Nng hun. Ngha ny ngn nga php v vi,
trc sau khng bin i, khng c tc dng sanh
trng, cho nn khng phi Nng hun.
2. C thng dng - Nu php g c sanh dit nhng
c th lc tng thnh, c kh nng dn pht tp kh, mi
l php Nng hun. Ngha ny ngn nga tm, Tm s
D thc th lc non km, nn khng phi Nng hun.
3. C tng gim - Nu php g c tc dng th
thng, c th tng c th gim, thu nhip tp kh, mi l
php Nng hun. Ngha ny ngn nga Pht qu,
thin php trn y khng tng khng gim, nn khng
phi Nng hun. Thin php kia nu Nng hun th
cha phi trn y, nh vy ha ra Pht qu trc sau
c hn km khc nhau.
4. Cng S hun ha hp m chuyn bin - Nu
php g cng vi php S hun ng thi ng x,
khng tc khng ly mi l php Nng hun. Ngha ny
ngn nga i vi thn ngi khc v st-na trc sau
khng ha hp, nn khng phi l Nng hun.

Do , ch c by chuyn thc v Tm s ca n l
c th lc tc dng th thng, c tng c gim, c
bn ngha ny mi c th thnh php Nng hun.
Nh th thc Nng hun (by thc trc) vi thc
S hun (tng thc), cng sanh cng dit mi thnh
ngha hun tp, lm cho chng t trong thc S hun
sanh trng, nh hoa p m, cho nn gi l hun tp.
Hin thc Nng hun t khi chng t sanh ra n,
lin c th lm nhn tr li hun tp thnh chng t. Ba
php Nng hun, S hun v chng t, ng thi trin
chuyn lm nhn qu cho nhau, nh tim n sanh la
chy, la chy chy tim n. Cng nh b cy lau ng
thi nng nhau lm nhn qu ng thi, l l chc
chn. Hin hnh nng hun sanh ra chng t, chng t
khi ln hin hnh, nh ci nhn cu hu, th c qu
s dng. Cn chng t trc sau, t loi sanh nhau nh
l ci nhn ng loi, dn sanh ra qu ng lu. Ch hai
nhn ny i vi qu, l nhn duyn, ngoi ra, cc php
khc u chng phi nhn duyn, gi s c ch gi l
nhn duyn, nn bit l gi thuyt.
gi l lc ni hnh tng ca tt c chng t
.(17)
Thc A-li-da ny, hnh tng v s duyn ca
n nh th no ?
- Khng th bit chp th, x v liu ca n c.
Liu ngha l liu bit, tc hnh tng ca thc.
Thc ly s liu bit lm hnh tng.
X ngha l x s, tc kh th gian, ni nng da
ca loi hu tnh.

Chp th c hai, l chng t hu lu v sc thn

c cc cn.
Chng t l cc tp kh ca s phn bit v tng
v danh.
Thn c cc cn l cc sc cn nh mt, tai (tnh
sc cn) v l ch cc cn nng (tc ph trn thn
cn). Hai th chng t v thn cn ny u l ca thc
chp th, thu nhip chp gi lm t th, ng an ng
nguy (th).
Chp th v x u l cnh s duyn ca thc A-li-da
ny.
Do sc nhn duyn m khi t th thc A-li-da
sanh khi, bn trong bin lm chng t v thn c cc
cn, bn ngoi bin thnh kh th gii, ri lin ly tng
do mnh bin ra lm cnh s duyn cho mnh, v
hnh tng nng duyn nng theo mi sanh khi
c.
Trong on ny ni liu, tc thc D thc i vi
cnh s duyn ca mnh c tc dng liu bit v tc
dng liu bit ny thuc v kin phn.
Nhng khi t th thc hu lu sanh khi, u c
tng s duyn v nng duyn tng t hin ra. Tm s
php tng ng vi n, nn bit khi sanh khi cng th.
Tng s duyn tng t gi l tng phn; tng
nng duyn tng t gi l kin phn.
Nu Tm, Tm s khng c tng s duyn, th
khng th duyn c cnh s duyn ca mnh, hoc
mi mi tm c th duyn c tt c cnh, v cnh ca
ring mnh cng ging nh cnh ca tm khc, cnh
ca tm khc ging nh cnh ca ring mnh (khng c

tng phn sc m mt vn thy, th khng c tng

phn ting mt cng vn thy. Nh vy khng c tng
phn ting m tai vn nghe, th khng c tng phn sc,
tai cng vn thy hay sao ?)
Nu Tm, Tm s khng c tng nng duyn, th
khng th duyn, ging nh h khng... hoc h khng
cng c kh nng duyn. Th nn bit Tm. Tm s
phi c hai phn, nh Kh kinh ni :
Tt c ch c gic (Duy thc)
Ngha s gic u khng (khng ngoi cnh)
Nng gic, s gic phn (kin tng phn)
u t nhin chuyn hin (u t chng t
sanh)
- Ngi chp tht c cnh s duyn la ngoi thc,
th h gi ngoi cnh l s duyn, gi tng phn l
hnh tng, gi kin phn l s, v l tng t th
ca Tm, Tm s. Tm v Tm s ng cn s y v
cnh s duyn, hnh tng tng t, s th ca Tm
vng v Tm s tuy mi mi tng t ng u, m
tng ca n th khc nhau, v tng ca thc Tm
vng vi tng ca th, tng Tm s khc nhau vy.
- Ngi t l khng c cnh s duyn la ngoi
thc, th ni tng phn l "s duyn", kin phn gi l
"hnh tng", tng v kin u nng phn t th gi
l "s tc l t chng phn. Nu phn t chng ny
khng c, th khng th t nh t bit Tm, Tm s
php, nh cnh cha tng tri qua, th khng th nh
bit.
Tm v Tm s ng nng mt cn, m cnh s
duyn th ch l tng t nhau, v hnh tng khc
nhau, tc dng liu bit lnh np khc nhau. S (t
chng phn) tuy mi mt Tm hay Tm s u c s
th ng ng tng t nhau m tng n th khc

nhau, v th ca thc Tm vng l liu bit m th ca

Tm s th l lnh np khc nhau vy.
Nhng mi mi Tm, Tm s khi sanh khi, ly l
suy ra mi ci u c ba phn l s lng, nng lng
v lng qu, v kin v tng phi c tht th
nng. Nh bi k trong Tp Lng Lun ni :
Tng t cnh, s lng,
Tng nng th, t chng,
Tc nng lng v qu,
C ba, th khng khc.
- Li Tm, Tm s, nu phn bit t m, nn c bn
phn. Ba phn nh trn, thm phn th t l chng t
chng phn. Nu phn th t ny khng c th ci g
lm chng cho phn th ba ? V phn t chng v
chng t chng ng l tm, nn u c th chng cho
nhau vy.
Li t chng phn s khng c qu, v cc nng
lng, phi c qu vy. Khng nn cho kin phn l
qu th ba, v kin phn c khi nhip vo phi lng, do
kin phn khng chng c phn t chng th ba,
v chng c t th phn th ba phi l hin lng
(ch khng phi phi lng).
Trong bn phn ca thc trn y, hai phn u l
ngoi, hai phn sau l trong. Tng phn u ch l s
duyn, ba phn l kin, t chng v chng t chng sau
l thng c s duyn v nng duyn. Ngha l phn th
hai ch duyn tng phn th nht hoc lng, phi
lng, hoc hin lng hoc t lng. T chng phn
th ba duyn c kin phn th hai, v chng t
chng phn th t ; cn chng t chng phn ch duyn
t chng phn th ba, ch khng duyn kin phn th

hai, v v dng. Phn th ba, th t u thuc vo hin

lng. Cho nn bit Tm, Tm s c bn phn hp
thnh l c s duyn, nng duyn, khng b li v
cng, chng phi tc chng phi ly, l Duy thc c
thnh lp. Th nn bi tng trong Kh kinh ni :
Tm chng sanh hai tnh,
Trong ngoi tt c phn,
Nng th, s th buc,
Thy nhiu th sai bit.
Bi tng ny ni : Tm tnh chng sanh do hai
phn kin, tng hp thnh, hoc trong hoc ngoi, u
c s th, nng th rng buc nhau, nn thy c mi
th, hoc lng phi lng, hoc hin lng hoc t
lng, sai bit nhiu phn. Trong y ni kin tc l
kin phn.
Bn phn nh th, hoc gom lm ba, v phn th
t nhip vo phn th ba t chng phn. Hoc gom lm
hai, tc ba phn sau l nng duyn, u nhip vo kin
phn. y ni kin l ngha nng duyn. Hoc gom
lm mt, v cng mt th. Nh bi k trong kinh Nhp
Lng-gi ni :
Do t tm chp trc,
Tm chuyn t ngoi cnh,
S kin kia phi hu,
Th nn ni Duy Tm.
Nh vy ni ni ni duy nht tm, y ni nht
tm cng nhip lun Tm s. Th nn bit hnh tng
ca thc chnh l liu bit, liu bit chnh l kin phn
ca thc.
Ni x c ngha l trong thc D thc do th lc
ca chng t cng tng (chung ca nhiu hu tnh)
thnh thc m n bin hin ra tng kh th gian t nh

ngoi sc, chnh l bn i chng t, nc, la, gi

bn ngoi v cc sc s to l thanh, hng, v, xc.
Tuy cc hu tnh bin ra cnh gii khc nhau nhng
tng n tng t nn cng chung x s khng khc,
nh nh sng ca cc ngn n u chiu khp m thy
nh tung mt nh sng chiu.
Hi : D thc thc ca ai bin ra tng kh th gian
ny ?
p : C thuyt cho rng D thc thc ca tt c
hu tnh. V sao ? V nh Kh kinh ni : "Tt c hu
tnh do sc tng thng ca nghip chung vi nhau m
khi ln.
C thuyt khc li ni : "Nu nh th, th cc c
Pht, B-tt c th tht s bin ra cc ci tp u ny, v
cc loi D sanh c th tht s bin ra cc ci trong sch
nhim mu ti phng kia ci ny ? Li cc bc Thnh
nhm chn hu sc m sanh ln ci V sc, chc khng
cn sanh h gii th cn bin ra ci h gii ny lm
g ? Cho nn bit ch c chng sanh hin v s sanh
n ci ny mi bin ra ci ny. Nhng Kinh da theo
phn t m ni l tt c. V chng sanh c nghip ng
nhau mi chung nhau bin ra vy.
C thuyt li ni : "Nu nh vy, khi kh th gii
sp hoi, khng c chng sanh hin v s sanh
n, th D thc thc no bin ra ci sp hoi ? Li
cc loi D sanh nhm chn Hu sc m sanh ln ci
tri V sc, hin khng c sc thn li cn d liu bin
ra ci ny lm g? Gi s chng sanh c sc thn ci
nc khc nhau, th t cch bit, khng nng ta duy
tr nhau, m ci ny bin ra ci kia c ch g ?"
- Nhng ci nc c bin ra, l ct v lm ch
nng ta y tr v th dng cho sc thn, cho nn nu
i vi thn m c th c tc dng y tr th dng th
lin bin ra n. Do , gi s sanh vo phng khc th
thc ci ny cng bin ra ci ny c. Cho nn th
gian khi sp hoi hay khi mi thnh, tuy khng c loi

hu tnh m n vn hin c. y l ni tt c chng

sanh cng th dng. Nu th dng ring, th chun theo
y m bit. V gia Ng qu, Ngi v Tri, s thy
c khc nhau.
Cc chng t ni y chnh l ch tt c chng t
php hu lu c D thc thc chp tr, n cng tnh
vi thc D thc, nn lm s duyn cho thc D thc,
cn chng t php v lu tuy nng g ni thc D
thc, nhng khng cng tnh vi thc D thc. Tuy
khng phi s duyn, nhng khng la thc, nh tnh
chn nh l t tnh ca thc, nn khng tri l Duy
thc.
Thn c cc cn l do th lc ca chng t bt
cng tng c thnh thc ni thc D thc, n bin
ra sc cn v ch sc cn nng ta, tc bn i chng
t, nc, la, gi bn trong thn v cc sc, hng, v,
xc.
C th lc ca chng t cng tng thnh thc
ny, nn i vi tha nhn cng bin ra thn tng t
vi h. Nu khng nh th, th khng c ci ngha
ngi ny th dng thn ngi khc.
Trong y cn c thuyt ni : Cng bin t tnh
sc cn ngi khc. Nh Lun Bin Trung Bin ni :
Nm tnh sc cn ca thn ngi khc hin ra t nm
cn ca mnh. C thuyt li cho rng : Ch c th bin
ra ch nng tng t, v nm tnh sc cn ca ngi
khc i vi mnh l v dng. Ni nm tnh sc cn
trn thn ngi khc t nh trn thn mnh l nhm ni
n ngha thc ca mnh v thc ca ngi u t bin.
Do cho nn khi sanh n ci khc hoc Bt Nitbn m thi th ngi y vn thy cn tn ti.
Trn y l ni nghip lc bin ra kh gii bn
ngoi, cn thn bn trong, ba ci v chn a sai khc
nu c nh lc th s bin ra kh gii, cn thn, ci v
a, t v tha khng nht nh. Cn thn v kh gii
c bin ra phn nhiu tng tc lu di, cn bin ra

m thanh v nh sng th phn nhiu tm thi, v ty

theo duyn lc hin ti kch thch pht khi.
Lc ni cnh s bin ca thc A-li-da ny, l
gm cc chng t hu lu, mi ch c sc l nm cn,
nm trn v cc sc tht hin ra nhip thuc php x.
Ti sao thc ny khng th bin ra t Tm,
Tm s s lm cnh s duyn ?
- Thc hu lu bin lc c hai th : mt l theo
th lc nhn duyn m bin ; hai l theo th lc phn
bit m bin. Th u l hu dng, th sau ch lm
cnh. Thc D thc bin ch ty theo nhn duyn, nn
cc sc thanh c bin phi c tht dng, nu bin ra
tm th khng c tht dng; v tng phn tm khng
th duyn c, ch khi cn s tht dng ca Tm, Tm
s th n mi t thc A-li-da sanh ra ; nu bin ra php
V vi, cng khng tht dng, Th nn bit D thc thc
khng duyn Tm, Tm s. n a v v lu, D Thc
thc tng ng vi Thng tu, tuy khng phn bit m
tnh lng trong, d khng tht dng nh Tm, Tm s
cng hin ra c bng dng v vi kia. Nu khng nh
vy, th cc c Pht chng phi l bc Chnh Bin Tri.
Cho nn bit a v hu lu, thc D thc ny ch
duyn vi kh gii, cn thn v chng t hu lu. ti
ci Dc v ci Sc c 3 th s duyn , nhng
ci V sc th ch duyn chng t hu lu, v nhm
chn sc, v khng c qu sc ca nghip m ch
c qu sc ca nh. i vi l khng tri. Thc th
tm ci tri V sc kia cng duyn sc ca nh ny
lm cnh.
Bt kh tri l khng th bit. V hnh tng ca
thc ny rt vi t kh c th liu tri. Hoc s duyn ca
thc ny l cnh chp th bn trong cng rt vi t kh
bit, cn kh th gian bn ngoi th phm vi kh lng,
cho nn gi l khng th bit.
- Hnh tng ca thc ny th nhn cnh s

duyn kh bit nh th no ? Nh trong Dit tn nh,

thc khng la thn, nn tin l c. Vy quyt phi chp
nhn Dit tn nh vn c thc th tm, v ngi nhp
Dit tn nh vn thuc vo loi hu tnh, v nh khi
hu tm. a v V tng nh v V tng thin
vn c tm, nn bit cng nh th. (18)
(Ht cun hai theo bn Hn)
- Thc A-li-da ny cng vi my Tm s
tng ng ?
Thng cng vi Tm s xc, tc , th, tng, t
tng ng. Ngha l thc A-li-da t v th cho n khi
cha chuyn thnh tr, trong tt c a v, n thng
cng vi nm Tm s ny tng ng, v thuc Tm s
bin hnh vy.
- Xc tm s l khi ba th cn, cnh, thc ha
thun, xc phn bit theo s bin khc ca ba th ha
thun , m khin Tm, Tm s tip xc cnh, v c
cng dng lm ch nng cho Tm s th, tng v t.
Ngha l cn, cnh, thc, ba th cng nhau ty thun,
nn gi l ba s ha, xc nng ba th ha pht
sanh, khin ba th c ha hp. Cho nn ni Tm
s xc l v tr ca ba th ha hp kia. Ba th u c
cng nng ty thun nhau sanh cc Tm s, nn gi l
bin khc. Xc tng t vi s bin khc m khi
ln, nn gi l phn bit. Nhng khi cn bin khc c
sc dn khi ln xc mnh hn thc v cnh, cho nn
Tp Lun ch ni : Xc phn bit theo s bin khc
ca cn.
Ha hp tt c Tm, Tm s khin ng tip xc
cnh. l t tnh ca xc.
Xc tm s c cng nng tng t vi ba s
ha thun khi ln Tm s, cho nn ly s lm ch
nng cho Tm s th v.v... lm nghip dng - Kinh
Khi Tn ni : Th, tng v hnh un, tt c u ly

xc lm duyn, do nn ni thc, xc v th. Nhn

hai th cn v cnh ha hp sanh thc ; nhn ba thc
cn, cnh v thc ha hp sanh xc ; nhn bn th cn,
cnh thc, v xc ha hp sanh th. Lun Du-gi ch
ni : Xc lm ch nng cho th, tng, t. Trong
y T l ch, l thng trong hnh un, nn ch ni
T l nhip ht 47 Tm s khc (51 Tm s tr th,
tng, xc, t cn 47). Tp lun ch ni: Xc lm ch
nng cho th, v xc sanh th l k cn, l thng hn
cc Tm s khc. Ngha l tng s th kh ca xc
cng vi tng s th thun ch ca th ht sc gn
nhau. Li v xc dn pht sanh th mnh hn cc tm
s khc.
- Nhng t tnh ca xc l tht ch chng phi gi,
v Tm s trong su su php, l su cn, su trn, su
thc, su i, su xc, su th, v v nhip vo xc thc
(trong bn cch n), v v l mt duyn trong mi hai
chi nhn duyn, ging nh tnh ca th (l tht c
ring), ch xc khng phi chnh l ba s ha hp (l
gi c).
Tc tm s l tnh cnh gic tm, c nghip dng
dn tm n cnh. Ngha l n cnh gic chng t tm
ng khi nn khi, v dn tm khi khin n cnh,
nn gi l tc . Tuy n cng c th dn khi Tm s,
song v Tm vng l ch nn ch ni dn tm.
C thuyt ni : Khin tm (ang duyn cnh ny)
xoay n cnh khc, hoc ni ngay ni mt cnh gi
tm tr li, gi l tc . Hai li ni u phi l; v
nh vy th tc khng phi l Tm s bin hnh, v
chng khc chi nh Tm s.
Th tm s l tnh lnh np tng ca cnh thun,
nghch v trung bnh, v c nghip dng khi tm i, v
n khi ln ba th mun l mun hp li, mun la ra
v mun khng c hai.
C ngi cho rng th c hai th :

1. Cnh gii th, tc lnh th cnh s duyn.

2. T tnh th, tc lnh th ci xc ng sanh vi
n.
V h cho rng trong hai th th y ch c t tnh
th mi l t tng ca th, cn cnh gii th v chung
mt tng cnh gii vi Tm, Tm s khc, khng phi
l t tng ca th.
Kia ni th phi l, v Th tm s quyt khng
duyn Xc tm s cng sanh vi n. Nu Th tm s
sanh ra tng t vi Xc tm s, m gi l lnh th
xc, nh vy h ci g qu tng t vi nhn, u l
th c hay sao ? Li xc l nhn ca th th nn
gi l nhn th ch sao gi l t tnh th ?
Nu bo nh vua n cc vt ca quc p (vua t
quc p sanh, li n vt ca quc p) cng vy, th l
lnh th, xc c sanh ra th th, gi l t tnh th, th
l cng khng ng, v tri vi ch trng ca ng (cho
t tnh th l lnh np ci xc cng sanh vi th). Li
th khng th t chng bit c th (nh dao khng t
ct). Nu bo th tuy lnh np xc m khng b t tnh
n, gi l t tnh th, th l ng tt c php u l t
tnh th. Cho nn bit li ni ca kia ch d d tr
con thi (va ri ph t tnh th)
- Nhng cnh gii th, khng phi chung vi cc
tng ca Tm, Tm s khc, v khi lnh th tng
thun hoc nghch nht nh thuc v mnh, gi l cnh
gii th, khng chung vi cc tng ca Tm, Tm s
khc (th ly s lnh np lm tng, thc ly s liu
bit lm tng, tng ly s thu nhn cnh tng lm
tng, dc ly s hy vng cnh lm tng, tu ly s
gim trch cnh s qun lm tng..., nn khng tng
no chung nhau).
Tng tm s l tnh chp th tng mo ca
cnh, v c nghip dng thit t ra cc danh ngn.
Ngha l nh c tng an lp tng phn ranh gii ca
cnh, mi c th theo thit t danh ngn.

T tm s l tnh khin tm to tc, v c nghip

dng sai khin tm lm lnh d. Ngha l th ly tng
chnh nhn ca cnh ri khu dch khin tm lm lnh,
d (th tng t nhn th khin tm to c v.v...).
Nm Tm s trn nhip thuc vo bin hnh,
cho nn quyt nh cng vi Tng thc tng ng.
Tng ca Bin hnh, on sau s ni rng.
- Hnh tng nm Tm s xc v.v... tuy khc vi
hnh tng ca thc D thc, nhng m ng thi,
ng ch nng, ng cnh s duyn, ng c t th
nh nhau, nn gi l tng ng.
- Hnh tng ca thc D thc ny rt kh nhn r,
khng th phn bit c tng cnh thun nghch ca
n, n ch l mt loi, vi t, tng tc khi dit, cho
nn n ch cng vi x th tng ng.
Li th tng ng vi thc D thc ny, n ch
c chn D thc, v c chuyn theo dn nghip qu
kh, khng cn i cc duyn hin ti. V ch c nhm
vn chuyn theo th lc ca nghip thin c, cho nn
ch l x th. Cn kh th, lc th l D thc sanh,
khng phi chn D thc, n phi i c duyn hin ti
mi c. Do kh th, lc th khng tng ng vi
thc D thc ny.
- Li do thc D thc ny thng khng bin
chuyn, loi hu tnh thng chp n lm t ni ng,
nu n cng vi kh th, lc th tng ng, th ra n c
chuyn bin, hu tnh u cn chp n lm ng. Cho
nn bit thc ny ch tng ng vi x th.
Hi : Nu vy ti sao thc ny cng l D thc qu
ca nghip c chiu cm ?
p : chp nhn thin nghip c th chiu cm
x th, th c nghip y cng nn th, v x th khng
tri vi kh, lc. V nh php v k, thin hay c n
u chiu cm c c.
Hi : Ti sao thc D thc ny khng tng ng
vi Tm s Bit cnh ?

p : V nm Tm s Bit cnh c tnh tri nhau.

ngha l :
Tm s dc (hy vng) ch sanh ra i vi cnh vui
thch, cn thc ny nhm vn theo nghip chuyn,
khng c hy vng g.
Tm s thng gii ch pht sanh i vi cnh n
hp kin tr quyt nh, cn thc ny hn mui khng
n hp kin tr g.
Tm s nim ch nh r i vi vic tng tri qua,
tp quen, cn thc ny hn mui yu km khng th nh
r g.
Tm s nh c kh nng khin tm chuyn ch
vo mt cnh, cn thc ny c nhm vn tng st na
duyn theo cnh duyn khc nhau.
Tm s tu ch chn la vic c, mt v.v..., cn
thc ny vi t, mui lit khng th chn la g.
Th nn thc D thc ny khng cng nm Tm s
Bit cnh tng ng.
- Li thc ny l tnh D thc (v k) cho nn
khng tng ng vi Tm s c tnh thin (mi mt
thin Tm s) v Tm s c tnh nhim (phin no
Tm s).
- Bn Tm s bt nh nh tc, thy min, tm,
t tuy c khi l tnh v k, song v c gin on, nn
quyt khng phi thc D thc tng ng.
Hi : Php c bn th l thin, bt thin, hu ph
v k, v ph v k. A-li-da thc thuc v php no?
p : Thc ny ch l v ph v k, v l tnh D
thc. Thc D thc nu l thin hay nhim th lu
chuyn sanh t v hon dit Nit-bn (nu thin th ch
thnh hon dit, nhim th ch thnh lu chuyn) khng
th thnh c.
Li thc ny l ch nng ca thin v nhim,
nu n ch l thin hay ch l nhim th n tri ngc
nhau, khng th cng lm ch nng cho c hai th.

Li thc ny l ch b hun tp, nu thin hay

nhim th nh mi rt thm hoc rt thi, u khng th
chu s hun tp t cc mi khc vi n. V nu khng
hun tp th nhn qu tp nhim v thanh tnh u
khng thnh c. Cho nn thc ny ch l v ph v
k.
Ph ngha l php nhim lm chng ngi Thnh
o, li thng che lp tm lm cho bt tnh. Thc ny
khng phi nhim nn gi l v ph.
K ngha l iu thin, c, qu bo kh i, phi kh
i, v t th th thng, u c th ghi nhn r rng.
Thc ny khng phi thin, c nn gi l v k.
- Cu Xc tm s v.v... cng nh th", ngha l
nh thc A-li-da, ch nhip v tnh v ph v k, cc
Tm s xc, tc , th, tng, t cng th, v php
tng ng tt phi ng tnh vi nhau.
- Li nm Tm s xc v.v... nh A-li-da, cng l
D thc, s duyn v hnh tng ca n u khng th
bit r, v n duyn ba th tnh cnh l chng t, cn
thn, kh gii, th nm Tm s tng ng vi n cng
tnh v ph v k ... Cho nn lun vn ni : "Xc tm
s v.v... cng nh th.
- C thuyt cho rng : "Tm s xc v.v... nh Ali-da, cng l D thc v Nht thit chng ; rng ni
cho n n l tnh v ph v k"; v cu tng ch ni:
"cng nh th", ch khng gin bit.
Li ni kia cng phi l. V sao ? V xc nng
theo thc, khng c t ti, nh Tm s tham, tn v.v..
khng th th hun, lm sao xc v.v... ng vi thc Ali-da c kh nng gi gn chng t .
Li nu Tm s xc v.v... cng c th chu s hun
tp, th l ng mt hu tnh c su c th chng t
(Mt Tm vng, nm Tm s bin hnh cng hun).
Nu vy khi c qu sanh khi, n t chng t no m
sanh khi ? L khng th ni t c su chng t sanh
khi, v cha tng thy nhiu ht ging sanh ra mt

mm. Nu ni qu sanh ra ch t mt chng t, th nm

th chng t kia tr thnh v dng. Cng khng th ni
t chng t ny n chng t kia ln lt sanh qu, v
khi hun tp ng mt lc, c th lc ngang nhau. Li
cng khng th ni c su qu (do A-li-da v nm
Tm s bin hnh) ng thi vt sanh, v khng th c
mt hu tnh trong cng mt st-na sanh ra su nhn
thc, nh thc v.v...
- Ai ni Xc tm s v.v... cng c th th hun v
gi gn chng t ?
- Nu khng th, ti sao ni : Xc v.v... cng nh
thc, gi l Nht thit chng.
- l v nm Tm s xc, tc v.v... c tng
phn tng t chng t, nn gi l Nht thit chng. V
v cnh s duyn ca xc cng vi s duyn ca thc
bng nhau, v ci V sc, Xc tm s c cnh s
duyn, v thn s duyn duyn tt phi khi no cng c.
- Tng chng t tng t trn Xc tm s ni
y, khng phi l nhn duyn sanh ra hin thc, ging
nh trn Xc tm s hin ra tng nhn cn tng t,
n khng phi tht lm ch nng cho thc, cng nh
la tng t khng c cng dng t chy.
- Li cu nn ca ngi kia phi l. Xc, tc v.v...
duyn tng chng t tng t, iu ny n on ni
v "ch chp th mi nn em so snh vi thc.
- Do , trc y bi tng ni cu nht thit
chng", hn l ni n ngha thc th hun, gi gn
chng t, (ch khng ni s duyn chng t hu lu).
Nu khng phi vy, th bn tng c li ni trng lp.
Li tng kia ni cu cng nh vy v khng c
gin bit, cho nn em so snh lm chng khng thnh.
khng th ni nm Tm s xc v.v.. cng c kh nng
liu bit. Xc... cng tng ng vi xc nh thc..., do
nn bit cu cng nh vy trong bi tng, l ty
theo ch thch hp m ni, ch khng phi bo xc
ging nh thc D thc tt c. (19)

- Thc A-li-da l on hay thng ?

- Chng phi on chng phi thng. V n hng
m chuyn vy. Hng ngha l thc ny t v th n
nay, mt loi tng tc thng hng khng gin on,
v l cn gc t thi thit c ba ci, su ng, bn
loi. V th tnh bn chc, duy tr chng t khng
mt. Chuyn ngha l thc ny t v th n nay,
nim nim sanh dit, trc sau bin khc, nhn dit qu
sanh, chng phi thng nht, nn c th lm ch cho
by chuyn thc hun tp thnh chng t . Ni hng
l ngn khng phi on, ni chuyn l biu th
khng phi thng. Ging nh dng nc dc. Nhn
qu l nh vy, nh dng nc dc chng phi on
chng phi thng, tip ni mi thnh c s tri ni,
chm m. Thc ny cng vy, t v th n nay, sanh
dit tip ni chng phi thng, chng phi on, lm
tri ni chm m loi hu tnh, khng thot ra khi.
Loi nh dng nc dc, tuy c b gi kch ng
ni sng m vn chy khng dt. Thc ny cng vy,
tuy c gp cc duyn khi ln nhn thc v.v..., vn
hng tip ni khng dt.
Li nh dng nc dc, tuy chy ln xung m cc
vt c, tm, c rc vn theo dng chy khng ri b.
Thc cng vy, cc tp kh bn trong v cc php
Xc tm s bn ngoi vn thng i theo chuyn bin.
Php v d nh trn, mun hin by thc ny t
v th nhn qu tip ni chng phi on, chng phi
thng.
Ngha l tnh ca thc ny t v th li, st-na, stna, qu sanh nhn dit. V qu sanh cho nn chng phi
on, nhn dit cho nn chng phi thng. Chng phi
on, chng phi thng l ngha ca l Duyn khi.
Cho nn ni thc ny hng m chuyn nh dng nc
dc.

Hi : Qu kh v v lai khng phi tht c, nn

ni phi thng l c, ch sao li phi on ? M phi
thng tc l on, th u c thnh chnh l Duyn
khi ?
p : Qu kh v v lai nu l tht c th c th
cho l phi on, ch sao li phi thng ? M phi on
tc l thng, cng khng thnh chnh l Duyn khi.
Hi : Tuy nhin u phi ch bc li ngi khc
m ngha ca mnh c thnh ?
p : Nu khng ti t th kh m hin chnh.
Ngay khi nhn trc dit l qu sau sanh, hai u nh
qu cn cao thp cng lc. Nh th nhn qu tip ni
nh dng nc, cn g phi tht c qu kh v v lai
mi thnh phi on.
Hi : Ngay khi nhn hin hu th hu qu cha
sanh. Vy nhn l nhn ca ci g ? Ngay khi qu
hin hu th nhn trc qua mt, vy qu y l qu
ca ci g ? khng nhn qu th ci g la on
thng?
p : Nu ni ngay khi c nhn c hu qu, vy
qu sn c cn g i nhn trc ? Nhn
khng c th qu lm sao c ? Khng nhn khng qu,
u c la on thng ?
- Theo i tha gio, ngha nhn qu c thnh
l nng ni tc dng ca php th, cho nn iu ct
nn ca ng khng lin quan g n tng ch i tha
ca ti. Nu theo ng, qu th vn c th qu dng
cng vn c v nhn duyn c ch i cng vn c,
nh th th nhn qu quyt khng c.
- Vy hy nn tin theo chnh l duyn khi ca i
tha, l chnh l thm diu ly ngn. Ni nhn ni
qu, u l gi thit t. C qun st php hin ti
thy c tc dng dn n sau, gi lp cho l qu
ng lai v i li ni l nhn hin ti. Qun st php

hin ti c tng th p i vi trc, gi lp cho

l nhn qu kh, v i li ni l qu hin ti. Gi
ngha l trn hin thc hin ra t nh tng nhn,
tng qu kia.
Nh vy l th nhn qu r rng, xa la hai bn
on thng, kh hi trung o. Cc ngi c tr nn
thun theo m tu hc.
- C cc B phi khc ni : Tuy khng c qu
kh, v lai, song c nhn qu thng tip ni. ngha l
php hin ti, di chuyn rt nhanh nh l c hai thi k
u v cui. Khi sanh th p tr nhn, khi dit th dn
sanh qu. Thi gian tuy c hai m th l mt. Ngay khi
nhn trc dit l ngay khi qu sau sanh. Th tng tuy
khc nhau m u tht c. Nh vy nhn qu chng
phi gi ba t, nhng la on thng, khng b ct
nn trn. Lm sao ngi c tr li b y m tin kia ?
Lun ch : Li kia ch l ni sung, hon ton
khng c tht ngha. Nu ch trong mt nim m c hai
thi, sanh v dit tri nhau, th lm sao c th ng
trong hin ti ? Dit nu hin ti th sanh phi v lai.
C gi l sanh, l hin ti khng gi l dit, lm
sao chng phi l qu kh ? Dit nu l chng phi
khng, th sanh l chng phi c. Sanh l hin hu,
th dit nn l hin v. Li c hai tri nhau, lm sao th
l mt ? Chng phi nh kh vi lc m thy c iu
. Sanh v dit nu l mt, th thi gian trc sau phi
hai, cn sanh v dit khc nhau, th u c th ni th

ng. Cho nn sanh v dit u c trong hin ti, ng

nng mt th, l l y khng thnh.
- Kinh B S, ch trng nhn qu tip ni, l
cng khng thnh ; v h khng chp nhn c thc Ali-da gi gn chng t.
- Do , nn tin theo chnh l duyn khi nhn qu
tip ni ca i tha. (20)
- Thc ny t v th thng hng v chuyn
bin nh dng nuc, vy cho n a v no mi x
b n hon ton ?
- a v A-la-hn mi hon ton x b n. Nghi
l cc bc Thnh dt phin no chng n khi hon
ton sch ht th gi l A-la-hn. By gi th phin no
th trng thc ny vnh vin xa la, nn gi l x
b.
Trong y ni A-la-hn l nhip chung c qu v
v hc ca ba tha. V c ba tha u st hi vnh
vin gic phin no, xng ng lnh th s cng dng
tt p ca th gian, vnh vin khng cn chu qu sanh
t phn on.
- Lm sao bit nh th ? - V trong Quyt trch
phn Lun Du-gi ni : Cc v A-la-hn, c Gic
v Nh Lai u khng cn thnh tu thc A-li-da
(tc khng cn ng i chp tng). Tp lun li ni :
Cc B-tt khi c B-, th lin dt phin no v s
tri chng, thnh qu v A-la-hn v Nh Lai.
Hi : Nu vy, v B-tt cha vnh vin dt sch
chng t phin no, khng phi l A-la-hn, th l ng

cc v y u phi thnh tu thc A-li-da, th c sao

cng chnh trong Quyt trch phn kia ni : B-tt bt
thi, cng khng thnh tu thc A-li-da? (Thnh tu
y c ngha l cn c thc A-li-da).
p : Quyt trch phn kia ni th l ch cho
ngi qu v v hc ca Nh tha m hi tm th
hng i B-, chc chn h khng cn tr lui khi
phin no chng. V by gi h th hng B-
nn c i tn gi l B-tt bt thi. Ngi ny
khng thnh tu thc A-li-da, tc l h thuc vo
trong hng A-la-hn. Cho nn lun vn kia khng tri
vi ngha ny.
Li bc B-tt bt Bt ng a tr ln, ni h
tt c phin no vnh vin khng hin hnh, c nhm
vn tri trong dng php chp, c th trong cc hnh
nh b th v.v... m khi ln cc hnh, v v tng
st-na, st-na chuyn tin thm dn ; cho nn a v
ny mi c gi l B-tt bt thi v bt ng.
Song v B-tt Bt ng a ny tuy cha dt sch
chng t phin no trong D thc thc, m ng kin,
ng i duyn thc D thc ny cng khng cn chp
tng lm t ni ng, do vnh vin b tn gi A-lida. Nn ni a v ny khng thnh tu thc A-li-da,
v cng gi y l A-la-hn.
- C thuyt cho rng B-tt t S a tr ln v
chng c chn l do hai khng biu l, c hai
th tr cn bn, hu c th thng, dt hai trng
chng (chng t) phn bit, v trong mt hnh khi

 cc hnh, nn ty h c v s li ch chng sanh m

khi phin no, th h cng khng gy ti li phin no,
cho nn gi h l B-tt bt thi. Song v B-tt ny tuy
cha dt sch phin no cu sanh, m phn bit duyn
thc ny cng khng cn chp tng lm t ni ng. Do
, cng b tn A-li-da. Cho nn ni a v ny
khng thnh tu thc A-li-da v trong bi tng ny
cng ni B-tt S a tr ln l A-la-hn. Th nn
trong Tp Lun ni li nh th ny : Thp a B-tt
tuy cha vnh vin dt sch tt c phin no, nhng
phin no ny ch nh cc th c b ch thut v thuc
i tr, n khng c ti li ca phin no. Trong mi
a v, h nh A-la-hn dt sch phin no, cho nn
cng gi h l A-la-hn.
Lun ch : - Kia ni th phi l. T Tht a tr
v trc vn cn c ng kin, ng i cu sanh, (ch
khng phi phn bit) chp tng thc ny lm t ni
ng, th th no m b c tn A-li-da. Cn nu ng
kin ng i phn bit (ch khng phi cu sanh) kia
khng cn chp tng thc ny lm t ni ng m cng
gi l b, th cc bc hu hc trong hng D lu v.v...
cng c th b tn A-li-gia sao ? Nu chp nhn
nh th th tri nghch, ph hi iu ni trong cc
lun.
- B-tt a thng, u do chnh tr, nn du c
khi phin no cng khng li lm. Hng D lu khng
th c c vic , u c th em hng D lu kia
snh vi B-tt ?
Lun ch : Trong lc thc ca v B-tt nhp a
kia du c khi phin no, nhng do c chnh tr nn
khng mc ti li ca phin no, cn tht thc a
v tm hu lu, vn nhm vn hin hnh chp tng thc

th tm, nh vy u khng phi ng vi D lu. Do

nn bit kia ni phi l.
Nhng A-la-hn dt sch phin no th trng
trong Tng thc, khng cn chp tng A-li-da thc
lm t ni ng, do vnh vin mt hn tn gi A-lida, m gi l "b", ch khng phi x b tt c thc th
A-li-da. Ch bo rng A-la-hn khng c thc gi gn
chng t, by gi bn nhp V d Nit-bn.
Thc th tm, tuy mi hu tnh u c, song
ty theo ngha sai khc m t ra nhiu tn gi.
Hoc gi l Tm, bi n l ni cha nhm cc
chng t do cc php hun tp vo. Hoc gi l A-na, bi n chp gi chng t v sc cn khng hoi
mt. Hoc gi l S tri y, bi n lm ch nng da
cho cc php s tri nhim tnh. Hoc gi l Chng t
thc, bi n nhm vn chp tr cc chng t cc php
khp c th v xut th gian. cc tn nu trn y xuyn
sut mi a v t phm phu n Hin Thnh.
Hoc gi l A-li-da, bi n nhip gi cc php tp
nhim v bi n b ng kin, ng i chp tng lm t
ni ng. Tn gi ny ch c a v D sanh, hu hc,
ch khng th c a v v hc v B-tt bt thi, v
cc a v ny u cn c ngha chp tng php tp
nhim.
Hoc gi l D thc thc, bi n dn n qu D
thc ca nghip thin c trong ng sanh t. Tn gi
ny ch c a v D sanh, Nh tha v B-tt, ch
khng phi c a v Nh Lai v Nh Lai u cn c
php D thc v k.
Hoc gi l V cu thc, bi n lm ch nng
da cho cc php cc thanh tnh v lu. Tn gi ny ch
c a v Nh Lai. V B-tt, Nh tha v D sanh
cn chp gi chng t hu lu, cn c th chu hun
tp, cha c thc th tm trn lnh thanh tnh. Nh
Kh kinh ni :

Thc v cu ca Nh Lai,
L tnh tnh v lu.
Gii thot ht mi chng,
Tr vin cnh tng ng.
Tn A-li-da v ti li nng, v b x b trc ht,
cho nn trong tng y nhn mnh trc. Thc th D
thc th khi B-tt sp chng B- lin x b, v khi
Thanh vn, c gic nhp V d y Nit-bn cng x
b. Cn thc th V cu khng c bao gi x, v thi
gian li lc hu tnh l v tn. Bn tn Tm, A--na,
S tri y, Nht thit chng, xuyn sut tt c a v, ty
ngha nhim tnh thch hp m gi tn.
- Nhng thc th tm tng c hai a v :
1. a v hu lu, n nhip thuc tnh v k, tuy
tng ng vi nm Tm s bin hnh, ch duyn cnh
chp th v x nh trn ni :
2. a v v lu, n nhip thuc thin tnh, tng
ng vi 21 Tm s l nm Bin hnh, nm Bit cnh v
11 thin, v (Bin hnh tm s) thng tng ng vi
nht thit tm, v (Dc tm s) thng a chng tri
cnh s qun, v (Thng gii tm s) thng n nhp
kin tr ni cnh s qun, v (Nim tm s) thng nh
r cnh tri qua, v (nh tm s) Th Tn khng lc
no l khng c nh tm, v (Tu tm s) thng quyt
trch ht thy php, v c lng tin cc tnh, nn thng
tng ng 11 thin, v khng nhim nn khng tng
ng cn ty phin no. V khng tn ng nn khng
tng ng Tm s Bt nh, v n cng ch tng ng vi
x th, v hng thng nhm vn t ti chuyn mt cch
bnh ng. V ly tt c php lm cnh s duyn, v tr
vin cnh duyn khp ht thy php . (21)
IX. CHNG MINH C THC TH TM

- Lm sao bit ngoi nhn thc v.v..., ring c

t th thc th tm ?
Ly Thnh gio v chnh l lm nh lng m
bit c. Nh trong Kh kinh i tha A-t-t-ma ni:
Gii t v th li,
Ht thy php u nng,
Do c cc th,
V Nit-bn chng c.
Thc th tm ny, t tnh vi t cho nn ly tc
dng ch by n. Na bi tng u ch r thc th
tm c tc dng lm nhn duyn. Na bi tng sau ch
r thc th tm c tc dng lm ch nng ta, chp tr
lu chuyn (cc th) v hon dit (Nit-bn). ch gii
c ngha l nhn, tc l chng t thc, t v th li, ln
lt tip ni, ch thn sanh ra cc php, cho nn gi l
nhn (gii). Ch nng (y) ngha l duyn, tc l
thc chp tr. Thc chp tr ny t v th li lm ch
nng ta mt cch bnh ng cho ht thy php, cho
nn gi l duyn. ngha l v n chp tr (tr) cc chng
t, v lm ch nng (y) cho cc php hin hnh, do
chng t m bin ra php hin hnh kia v do chp tr
m lm ch nng cho php hin hnh kia.
Bin ra php kia l bin ra kh th gii v thn c
cc cn. Lm ch nng cho php kia l lm ch nng
cho cc chuyn thc. V thc chp th nm sc cn, m
khin cho nm thc nhn, nh v.v... nng cn
chuyn hin ; li lm ch nng cho thc Mt-na, v
thc th su nng Mt-na chuyn hin. V Mt-na
v thc u thuc chuyn thc, nn ging nh nhn
thc v.v..., phi nng ni cn cu hu mi pht khi
c. Thc th tm v l thc tnh, nn cng ly thc
th by lm cu hu y. y l ni v ci dng lm nhn
duyn ca thc th tm.
Trong bi tng ch do c l do c thc th
tm ny. Ch c cc th l cc ci thin c. Ngha l

do c thc th tm ny chp tr tt c php thun vi

lun hi lu chuyn, m khin cc hu tnh phi lu
chuyn trong sanh t. Tuy hoc, nghip v sanh (t
sanh), u l lu chuyn, nhng th (ng) l qu,
v trng yu hn nn ni nhn mnh (cc th). Hoc
ch ch th xuyn sut c nng th v s th. V
t dng (tc hoc v nghip) ca cc th, cng gi tn
l th.
Cc hoc, nghip v sanh, u nng ni thc ny.
l thc ny c tc dng lm ch y tr cho s lu
chuyn.
Cu V Nit-bn chng c l do c thc th
tm ny, cho nn c Nit-bn chng c, ngha l do
c thc th tm ny chp tr tt c php thun vi s
hon dit, khin k tu hnh chng c Nit-bn. Trong
y ch ni o chng c, v Nit-bn khng da ni
thc ny m c. Hoc y ch ni Nit-bn s chng, v
n chnh l iu m k tu hnh mong cu.
Hoc y ni chung c Nit-bn (Dit ) v o
(o ), u l nhip thuc vo phm loi hon dit.
Ngha l Tng ni ch Nit-bn l biu th cnh tch
dit c chng. Cn Tng ni ch chng c tip
sau, l biu th o nng c. Do o nng on (v
gin o) m on c lu hoc s on, n a v
cu cnh chng c Nit-bn. o nng on, lu hoc
on, o nng chng, Nit-bn s chng u nng
ni thc ny. l thc ny c tc dng lm ch y tr
cho hon dit.
Li, trong bi tng trn, cu u l hin th t tnh
ca thc ny hng c t v th. Ba cu sau l hin th n
lm ch y ch hoc tng, hoc bit cho hai php tp
nhim v thanh tnh. Php tp nhim l kh , Tp ,
tc l s th v bn loi sanh, v nng th l hoc,
nghip. Php thanh tnh l Dit , o , tc Nitbn s chng v o nng chng. Nit-bn v o, c
hai th kia u nng thc ny m c. Cn nu nng

chuyn thc th khng thnh.

Hoc cu u ca bi tng hin th thc th t v
th tip ni, ba cu sau hin th lm ch y ch cho ba th
t tnh, l Y tha khi tnh (cu tng hai), Bin k s
chp tnh (cu tng ba) v Vin thnh tht tnh (cu
tng bn). Theo th lp nh th nn bit.
- Nhng ngha c ni trong bi tng trn, nu la
thc th tm th cc ngha y khng thnh. Chnh trong
kinh i tha A-t-t-ma kia cn ni :
Do thc nhip tng ht,
Chng t ca cc php,
Nn gi A-li-da.
Ta ch dy ngi thng.
Do bn thc th tm ny y cc chng t, cho
nn c th nhip tng cc php tp nhim, nng
theo ngha y m t tn thc th tm ny l A-li-da,
chng phi nh Thng tnh ca phi Thng lun chp
n chuyn bin thnh Gic i v.v... y, th chng t
vi qu ca chng t chng phi mt, v nng y ch v
b y ch u cng sanh, cng dit.
V n cng vi php tp nhim nhip tng ln
nhau, ng thi n l ni b loi hu tnh chp tng lm
ng, cho nn thc ny tn l A-li-da.
- Cc v B-tt vo kin o c chn hin
qun, gi l ngi thng. Cc v ny c th chng
bit thc A-li-da, cho nn c Th Tn ta chnh thc
v h khai th dy bo. Hoc tt c B-tt trc mi
a u c gi l ngi thng. Tuy trc khi vo kin
o, h cha th chng bit thc A-li-da, nhng c th
tin bit l Duy thc cu c qu chuyn y n ; nn
Pht cng dy cho. Cc chuyn thc khng th c c
cc ngha .
- Kinh Gii Thm Mt cng ni nh vy :
Thc A--na rt thm t,
Cc chng t nh dng nc dc.

Ta khng ch dy hng phm ngu,

S chng phn bit chp lm ng.
V c kh nng chp tr chng t cc php, li c
kh nng chp th nm sc cn v thn ca sc cn
nng, cng c kh nng chp th un nghip kit sanh
tip ni, cho nn ni thc ny tn l A--na. Hng hu
tnh khng c chng tnh gic ng th khng th bit
cng cn ca n, nn ni l rt su ; cn hng c
chng tnh Nh tha th tch th khng th thng t,
nn ni l rt t. y l chng t tht ca ht thy php,
h gp duyn kch thch th lin hin sanh cc sng mi
chuyn thc, v thng hng khng gin on, nh
dng nc dc. Trong bi tng, ni phm tc ch
hng ngi khng c chng tnh gic ng ; ni ngu
tc ch cho hng Nh tha th tch. V s hai hng
i vi thc ny khi tm phn bit, vng chp lm ng
m b a vo ng c, chng ngi cho s sanh vo
Thnh o, nn c Th Tn ta khng ch dy cho h
ch c thc th tm mi c cc tng nh th .
- Kinh Nhp Lng-gi cng ni nh vy :
Nh bin gp duyn gi,
Khi th sng mi.
Sanh tc dng hin tin,
Khng lc no gin on.
Bin Tng thc cng th,
Gi cnh gii kch ng,
Thng khi cc sng thc,
Sanh tc dng hin tin.
Cc thc nhn, nh v.v... khng th ging nh bin
ln, thng tip ni chuyn bin khi ln cc sng
thc, cho nn bit phi ring c thc tnh th tm.
Trong v lng kinh i tha u ni ring c
thc th tm ny. M cc kinh i tha u l thun
vi l v ng, v tri vi st th th (hu tnh ng), l
kinh c l l tri b lu chuyn sanh t, th hng hon

dit Nit-bn, tn thn Pht, Php, Tng, hy bng cc

ngoi o, biu th cc php un, x, gii, ngn nga
thng tnh ca ngoi o. Cho nn ngi a thch i
tha u chp nhn kinh i tha c th hin by ngha
l khng in o, v n nhip thuc vo Kh kinh, v
nh Kinh Tng Nht v.v.. u l thuc vo ch gio
lng.
Li, Thnh T Th dng by nhn sau y
chng minh kinh i tha tht l do Pht ni :
1. V trc Pht khng th k - Nu kinh i
tha l do nhng ngi sau khi c Pht dit , mun
ph hoi Chnh php m ni ra, th ti sao Th Tn
khng d k trc, nh Ngi tng d k cc vic b y
s xy ra ?
2. V vn cng lu hnh - Kinh i, Tiu tha gio
trc n nay cng lu hnh, vy th lm sao bit ring
kinh i tha l khng phi Pht ni :
3. V khng phi cnh gii ca ngi khc - Gio
l i tha rng ln rt su, khng phi l cnh gii
ca hng ngoi o t lng bit n c, trong kinh
lun ca h cha tng ni n gio l i tha, du c
ni cho h nghe, h cng khng tin th. Cho nn kinh
i tha chng phi l ngi khng phi Pht ni c.
4. V nn cng nhn - Nu bo gio l i tha do
cc c Pht khc ni ch khng phi do c Thch-ca
ni, th th gio l i tha l Pht ni, l r rng
phi cng nhn.
5. V l c, khng c - Nu chp nhn c gio l
i tha, thi nn tin gio l y l do Pht ni, v ngoi
kinh i tha th khng c gio l i tha. Nu bo
khng c gio l i tha, th gio l Thanh vn tha cng
khng c, v ngoi i tha gio th quyt nh khng bit
nng vo u thnh Pht. Khng Pht th ai ra i
ging gio l Thanh vn tha. Cho nn ch chp nhn
Thanh vn tha gio l Pht ni, m ch bai i tha gio
l khng ng l.

6. V i tr - Nhng ngi y theo i tha gio

sing nng tu hnh, u c th t n tr v phn bit,
c kh nng chnh thc i tr tt c phin no. Th nn
tin kinh i tha l Pht ni .
7. V ngha khc vn - Gio l i tha th rt
su sc, khng th theo vn th ngha, ri sanh tm ph
bng cho l khng phi Pht ni.
Do cc l trn nn bit kinh i tha tht do Pht
ni Nh trong lun Trang nghim c bi tng tm tt
ngha trn:
Trc chng k, cng lu hnh,
Khng phi cnh gii ngoi o.
ng cng nhn c, khng c,
i tr, v ngha khc vn.
- Trong kinh thuc cc b phi Pht gio cng mt
ni ring thc A-li-da, nh trong kinh A-cp-ma (Ahm) ca i chng b, c ch mt ni thc ny gi
l cn bn thc, l ch nng ca nhn thc v.v..., v
nh ci cy l gc ca nhnh l, ch khng phi nhn
thc v.v... c c ngha .
- Trong kinh thuc phi Thng ta b v Phn
bit lun gi, u c mt ni thc ny gi l Hu
phn thc. Hu l tam hu (ba ci), phn l nhn. Ch
c thc ny thng hng cng khp mi c th lm
nhn ca Tam hu.
- Ha a b ni thc ny l Cng sanh t un. La
thc th tm khng th ring c php un no i n
tn cng ngn m sanh t, khng bao gi gin on.
ngha l ci tri V sc th sc b gin on, ci tri
V tng th cc tm khc b dit mt, cn tm Bt
tng ng hnh php th la sc v tm khng th t c.
l iu c cng nhn. Cho nn bit ch c thc
A-li-da ny mi gi l cng sanh t un.
- Trong kinh Tng Nht thuc phi thuyt Nht
thit hu b cng mt ni : Thc ny gi l A-li-da

nh ni i A-li-da, lc A-li-da, hn A-li-da, h Ali-da, ngha l lng tham ca Mt-na i vi A-li-da

(Alya-rma, Alya-rata, lya-sammudita) trong ba i
c tng v bit khc nhau, nn lp ra bn tn y. Loi
hu tnh chp n lm t ni ng tht, cho n khi cha
chm dt ci chp , th lun lun sanh tm a m
n. Cho nn A-li-da thc mi l ch tht ng a m,
ch khng chp nm th un, v khi sanh vo ch
thun chu kh th khng a m thn nm th un
, m thng xuyn chn ght thn nm th un ,
ngh rng ta lc no s x b c mng cn nm th
un ny, chng ng phn ny, thn tm au kh ny,
cho ta c t ti hng khoi lc.
Nm dc cng chng phi l ch tht ng a m,
ngha l ngi la dc, tuy h khng cn tham a nm
dc, nhng h vn a ci ta ca mnh.
Lc th cng khng phi l ch tht ng a m,
ngha l ngi xa la tp nhim Tam Thin, tuy h
chn lc th ca Tam Thin, nhng h vn a ci ta
ca mnh.
Thn kin cng chng phi l ch tht ng a
m, ngha l nhng ngi khng phi l bc v hc
nhng tin l v ng, tuy h khng sanh lng a m
thn kin, song i vi ci ta bn trong h vn a m.
Cc chuyn thc cng chng phi l ch tht ng
a m, ngha l nhng ngi khng phi v hc nhng
cu dit Tm, tuy h chn ght cc chuyn thc, nhng
h vn a ci ta ca mnh.
Sc thn cng chng phi l ch tht ng a m,
ngha l nhng ngi la sc nhim, tuy h chn ght
sc thn, nhng h vn a ci ta ca mnh.
Bt tng ng hnh php la Sc v Tm khng
th t c cho nn cng chng phi l ch tht ng a
m.
K D sanh, hng Hu hc trong khi khi ng i,
tuy i vi cc un khc hoc c i, khng i, nhng

i vi thc th tm ny lun lun vn a chp lm

ng.
Cho nn ch c thc th tm ny l ch tht ng
a m. Do trong kinh Tng Nht ni n tn A-lida chnh hin th thc A-li-da ny vy.
- Trn y dn Thnh gio lm chng c thc
A-li-da. By gi s hin by chnh l lm chng.
1. Kh kinh ni : Ch tp hp v pht khi chng
t cc php nhim, thanh tnh, gi l tm. Nu
khng thc ny th ci Tm gi gn chng t kia khng
c c. Cc chuyn thc, khi Dit tn nh v.v... b
gin on. Cc cn, cc cnh, tc thin tm v.v...
chng loi khc nhau, d sanh, d mt nh in chp,
khng chc chn, khng th hun tp, khng th gi gn
chng t, nn chng phi l ci tm tp hp v pht
khi cc chng t nhim tnh. Ch c thc th tm ny,
mt loi trc sau tng tc khng gin on, c tnh
kin tr v c th chu hun tp nh m, l tng ng
vi ngha ch Tm ca kinh kia ni. Nu khng chp
nhn c Tm gi gn chng t th khng nhng tri
kinh m cng tri vi chnh l. V cc php nhim tnh
c khi ln khng do c hun tp. Khng hun tp
thnh chng t, th s khi ln ch l ung cng. Khi
php nhim tnh khi ln khng nhn ni chng t,
thi ng nh ngoi o chp t nhin sanh.
- Sc v php bt tng ng hnh khng phi l
Tm, v nh ting vang, nh nh sng, khng phi l
ch ca php nhim tnh bn trong hun tp, th n u
c th gi gn chng t. Li nhng php Sc v Bt
tng ng ny la thc khng th t c, th lm sao
chp n lm ch nng cho chng t bn trong ?
Cc Tm s php tng ng vi chuyn thc, n
nh chuyn thc c gin on, d khi d mt, khng
t ti, khng phi Tm, nn khng th gi gn chng t,
cng khng chu s hun tp. Cho nn ng l phi c
ci Tm gi gn chng t ring.

- C thuyt cho rng su thc trc t v th,

nng ni cn v cnh c phn v trc sau, thc th
tuy ba tnh chuyn bin, song ng mt loi, nn c th
chu s hun tp v gi gn chng t. Do thnh nhn
qu nhim tnh, ch cn g phi chp c thc th tm ?
- Li ni v ngha. V sao ? V nu chp thc
loi c tht th ng vi ngoi o Thng lun. Nu
chp thc loi l gi th khng c tc dng mnh m,
nn khng th gi gn chng t tht ca ni php.
Li chp thc loi , n nhip thuc tnh g ? Nu
l tnh thin, c, thi khng th chu s hun tp, v n
thuc hu k, ging nh Trch dit v vi. Nu n l v
k, th khi tm thin hoc tm c ni ln, l khng c
tm v k, thc loi y tt phi on, khng th ni s
th ca thc c thin, c c m loi ch l v k, v loi
khc nhau th cng ng nh tnh th thc khc nhau.
Loi a v v tm, thc loi ny quyt khng c.
c gin on, tnh khng kin tr, th lm sao chp
n c th gi gn chng t v chu s hun tp.
Li A-la-hn hoc tm loi D sanh, su thc loi
ng l v k, th thi c th A-la-hn hun tp cc php
nhim, loi D sanh li hun tp php v lu. Chp nhn
th th c li.
Li cc cn nhn, nh v.v... hoc cc php khc
cng vi nhn thc, m loi ca cn, loi ca php v
loi ca thc ng l v k, th n nn hun tp ln
nhau. Nhng cc ng khng chp nhn nh th. Th
nn, khng nn chp thc loi chu s hun tp.
Li su thc, hoc t th hoc chng loi ca n
trc sau hai nim khng cng khi mt ln, nh
cch nhiu nim trc sau th khng th hun tp nhau,
v nng hun v s hun phi ng thi.
i vi ngi chp "su thc cng lc sanh khi
c th hun nhau", (nm thc trc cng lc hun thc
th su) th do th ni trn m bit thc th su

khng phi s hun, nn n cng khng th gi gn

chng t .
- C ngi chp Sc v Tm, t loi khng gin
on, nim trc lm chng t cho nim sau, l nhn
qu c thnh. Cho nn li ni trc y (ni tp khi
gi l Tm ch thc A-li-da) lm chng khng
thnh.
- Li chp kia phi l, v khng c s hun tp.
ngha l t loi nim trc nim sau kia khng c s
hun tp, th lm sao chp nim trc lm chng t cho
nim sau ? Li na, t loi c gin on th khng th
sanh tr li, v hng Nh tha v hc khng c thn ng
un i sau, v ngi kia ly sc tm khi cht lm
chng t cho thn sau.
Cng khng nn chp Sc v Tm ln lt lm
chng t sanh ra nhau, v chuyn thc v sc u khng
chu s hun tp, nh trc ni ri.
- C thuyt cho rng cc php ba i u c nhn
chiu cm qu, qu th p nhn, ch nhc g phi chp
c thc th tm gi gn chng t. Nhng Kh kinh s
d ni tm l chng t, v tm c cng dng th mnh
khi ln php nhim tnh.
- Li ni cc php ba i phi l. V qu kh v
v lai chng phi thng, chng phi hin c, ging nh
hoa m gia khng, khng phi tht c. Li ni khng
c tc dng, khng th chp n lm nhn duyn c.
Nu khng c thc th tm gi gn chng t nhim
tnh, th l nhn qu khng thnh.
- C ngi chp l "khng, v tng ca i tha
l rt ro, ch nng theo t t lng m bc sch ht,
chng nhng khng c thc ny cng khng c ht thy
php. Nhng ngi ny ch lm tri hi li kinh dn
trc, i vi vic tri Kh, on Tp, chng Dit, tu
o, nhn qu nhim tnh, h u chp cho l khng
tht, thi thnh i t kin. Ngoi o hy bng nhn
qu nhim tnh, cng khng bo l hon ton khng c,

m ch chp cho l khng phi tht. Nu ht thy u

khng tht c, thi cc B-tt khng nn v x b sanh
t khng tht c m tinh cn tu tp t lng B-
khng tht c. Ai l ngi c tr li tm a con ca
ngi con gi , lp i qun nh ch mng
huyn ?
Cho nn, nn tin c tm gi gn chng t, m da
vo kin lp nhn qu nhim tnh. V tm kia tc l
thc th tm ny vy.
2. Li Kh kinh ni : C tm D thc do nghip
thin c chiu cm. Nu khng c thc th tm ny th
tm D thc kia khng th c. V nhn thc v.v... c
gin on khng phi lc no cng l nghip qu (khi
n v k l nghip qu, khi n khi thin, c th khng
phi nghip qu), v nh in chp, nn chng phi l
tm D thc, tm D thc khng th dt ri li ni, v
mng cn (D thc) khng c vic y.
Su thc nhn, nh v.v... do nghip chiu cm, v
nh m thanh khng phi hng tip ni, n l D thc
sanh ch khng phi chn D thc.
Quyt nh phi chp nhn c tm chn D thc
th p li dn nghip, bin khp khng gin on, bin
hin cn, thn, kh gii lm ch nng cho hu tnh, v
cn thn kh gii la tm D thc khng th c c.
Bt tng ng hnh php th khng c tht th ; cc
chuyn thc th khng phi hng c. Nu khng tm D
thc ny th ci g bin ra cn thn kh gii, li nng
ni php g m lun c loi hu tnh ?
Li khi trong nh khng t l g ht, hoc khi
khng trong nh th c t l chuyn khc, vn
thng khi ln nhiu s cm th ni thn. Nu khng
c tm D thc chp gi cm th th khng th lc
sau thn c s vui thch hoc lao tn. Nu khng

hng c tm chn D thc th lm sao khi ra nh li c

s cm th ni thn ny ?
a v nhng loi hu tnh khng phi l Pht
khi cc thin tm khc, chc phi tm chn D thc
ng thi hin khi.
Hi : Sao ring Pht khng c tm D thc ?
p : Nh chp nhn khi khi ln tm chn D
Thc kia, th l cc hu tnh ch chng phi Pht.
Do cc hu tnh thng c tm chn D thc v
tm y chnh l thc th tm ny.
3. Li Kh kinh ni : Loi hu tnh lu chuyn
trong nm th bn loi sanh. Nu khng c thc ny th
ci th ca nm th bn loi sanh (gii th sanh th)
kia khng th c c. Ngha l phi c bn ngha l
tht c, hng thng, bin khp, khng ln xn mi c
th lp chnh ci php lm th ca nm th, bn loi
sanh. Nu php khng phi D thc, th th th sanh s
ri lon, tr y m khi ln php ni th sanh khc.
Cc sc D thc v mt phn do nghip cm
trong nm thc, n khng bin khp th sanh, v
trong ci V sc, hon ton khng c sc v khng c
nm thc hin hnh. Cc iu thin khi sanh ra c
(bo c) v nhng iu do nghip cm trong thc
tuy khp th sanh, khi ln khng ri lon, nhng
khng hng c.
Bt tng ng hnh php khng c tht th. Tt c
php ni trn u khng th lp lm tht th chnh thc
ca ng th, t sanh.
Ch c D thc Tm v Tm s ca n tht c,
hng thng, bin khp, khng tp, mi chnh thc
chn tht lm tht th ca th sanh. Nu khng c tm

D thc ny th khi sanh ci V sc (khng c sc v

nm thc, ch c thc) v tr khi ln thin tm, tt
khng phi th th sanh. Gi s chp nhn l th th
sanh thu nhip cc php hu lu, th cc v A-na-hm
khi sanh vo ci V sc, khi ln tm v lu, th
khng phi th th sanh. Ni vy l tri l.
trnh khi li trc v li ny, nn bit ch c
php D thc mi chnh thc chn tht l th ca th
sanh. Do vy m c Nh lai khng nhip vo th th
sanh, v Pht khng cn c php D thc v k, v Pht
cng khng nhip thuc vo ci no, v Pht khng cn
c ba lu, v v Th Tn x b Kh, Tp . Cc
chng t h lun ni Ngi vnh vin dt sch.
Th ca th sanh ch thc l ch c tm D thc
v Tm s ca n, nhng Tm v Tm s ny la ngoi
thc th tm l khng th c c. Th nn bit ring
c thc th tm ny.
4. Li Kh kinh ni : Thn c sc cn l ci c
chp v th, nu khng c thc th tm ny th ci kh
nng chp th thn c sc cn kia khng c. Ngha l
nm sc cn v ch nng ca n ch trong i hin ti
l c chp th, tt n phi do tm c kh nng chp th
n, m tm y ch l tm D thc do nghip trc dn
n, ch khng phi php thin v nhim, hay mt loi
v k no c kh nng bin khp tip ni chp th thn
c sc cn. Cc chuyn thc nhn, nh v.v... cng khng
c c kh nng nh vy.
Li ni Ch c tm D thc chp th cn thn
ny mun ch r cc chuyn thc nhn, nh v.v... u
khng c tnh cch nht loi c kh nng bin khp tip
ni chp th thn c sc cn bn trong ca mnh, ch
khng phi ni nng chp th ch l tm D thc, (v v
cu thc cng chp th) ng cho rng sc thn v lu
ca c Pht khng c chp th (sc thn ca Pht c
v cu thc chp th). Nhng y ni chp th sc thn
hu lu th ch l tm D thc.

Cc chuyn thc th theo duyn hin ti khi ln,

nh ting, nh gi. Cn tm thin, tm nhim khng
phi do nghip dn n v nh Phi trch dit. D thc
sanh khng phi l chn D thc, khng phi l ch
nng cho khp cc php, khng tip ni, v nh in
chp khng c kh nng chp th sc thn hu lu.
- Ni cc tm thc l gm lun Tm s trong ,
v n quyt nh tng ng nhau, v nh ni ch "Duy
thc (gm lun c Tm s).
Khng phi cc sc cn v Bt tng ng hnh
c kh nng chp th thn c sc cn, v khng c s
duyn, v nh h khng.
Cho nn cn c tm chp th ring, v tm y
chnh l thc th tm ny.
5. Li Kh kinh ni : "Ba php Th, Non, Thc,
nng ta duy tr ln nhau m c tn ti lin tip.
Nu khng c thc ny th ci thc c kh nng gi gn
Th v Non kia c tr lu, khng th c c.
Ngha l cc chuyn thc c gin on, c bin chuyn
nh gi v ting, khng c tc dng thng xuyn gi
gn, khng th lp "chuyn thc lm ci thc gi gn
Th, Non. Ch c thc D thc khng gin on,
khng bin chuyn nh Th v Non, mi c tc dng
thng xuyn gi gn, nn c th lp thc D thc ny
lm ci thc gi gn Th v Non. Kinh ni ba th y
nng ta gn gi ln nhau, nu ch Th v Non l
nht loi tip ni, cn thc th khng, l khng hp
chnh l.
Hi : Tuy ni ba php Th, Non, Thc nng ta
gi gn ln nhau, nhng ch chp nhn Non l khng
bin khp ba ci (ci V sc khng c Non). Sao
khng chp nhn ring "Thc" c gin on, chuyn
bin ?
p : iu ny i vi l l trc kia chng phi
l iu sai lm ng ct nn. ngha l nu ch c

 ba php khng gin on chuyn bin l c th

thng xuyn gi gn ln nhau. Nu khng nh vy, th
khng c tc dng thng xuyn gi gn nhau.
Trc y dng l ny ch r ci thc c ni
trong ba php Th, Non, Thc, khng phi l chuyn
thc. Nn nu cho Non khng bin khp ba ci, th
u c ph hoi l l trc kia ? Cho nn nh trc ni,
l ngha l rt ro c cc thnh.
Li trong ba php, Th v Non ch l hu lu cho
nn bit Thc gi gn Th, Non kia cng l hu lu.
Khi sanh ci V sc, khi ln tm v lu, by gi
khng c tm D thc th thc no duy tr th mng
ci V sc kia ? Do nn bit c thc D thc nht
loi hng thng v bin khp, duy tr Th, Non v
Thc l thc th tm vy.
6. Li Kh kinh ni : Cc loi hu tnh, trong
khi th sanh v khi mng chung, chc chn trong hu
tm tn lan, ch khng trong nh v tm. Nu
khng c thc D thc ny thi ci tm trong khi sanh
v khi cht khng th c. Ngha l khi sanh v khi
cht, thn tm hn mui, nh ng m khng chim bao,
m man, khi cc chuyn thc minh mn chc chn
khng hin khi. Li trong v tr sanh v cht ,
hnh tng v s duyn ca su chuyn thc u khng
th bit, ging nh v tr v tm, chuyn thc chc
chn khng hin hnh. Hnh tng v s duyn ca su
chuyn thc nu c hin hnh th chc s c bit r
nh nhng lc khc, khng phi nh lc mi sanh hay
lc sp cht. Hnh tng v s duyn ca chn D thc
thc qu vi t khng th r c. N l qu bo do
nghip dn, tip ni trong mt thi gian, hng khng
chuyn bin. Chnh ci hu tm tn lon , gi l tm
khi sanh t. Khng tri vi chnh l.
- C thuyt cho rng : Ng thc v tr th sanh
quyt khng c, th thc th cnh hoc nhn ng

thc, hoc nhn tha gio v nhn nh lc m khi ln,

cc nhn khi th sanh khng c c, nn v tr
th sanh, thc cng khng c (thuyt ny ch nm
thc lm nhn sanh thc, nn ni nh vy).
- Nu vy, hu tnh sanh ci V sc, sau l ra
thc vnh vin khng sanh ra c (v V sc khng
c nm thc); v nh tm chc phi do t thc tn
lon dt dn, m ng thc v tha gio ci V sc
khng c, th tm tn lon ln khi ln nh tm khng
do u c c.
Nu bo nh kia do sc tp qun t trc ; sau
bng nhin hin ra. Nu vy, sao trong khi mi sanh ci
kia khng hin khi ?
Li ci Dc, ci sc khi mi th sanh, thc tp
qun cng nn hin khi. Nu do v hn mui nn lc
ban s cha hin tin c, th y chnh l nguyn
nhn v hn mui khng hin khi, phi do chng t
trong bn thc mi hin khi. c cng nhn trc
kia, cn g li phi nhc cng ni do ba nhn khc (l
nhn nm thc, nhn tha gio, nhn nh lc).
- C cc b phi khc chp : v tr khi sanh v
khi cht, c mt loi thc vi t, m hnh tng v s
duyn ca n u khng th bit r. Nn bit loi
thc vi t y chnh l thc th tm y ; v cng
nhn thc th thin khng phi l mt loi vi t kh
bit nh vy.
Li khi sp cht, do nghip thin c m c cm xc
lnh ln lt khi ln trn di ni thn. Nu khng
thc D thc ny, th vic khng thnh c. V
chuyn thc th khng th chp th thn c. Cn nm
thc nhn, nh v.v... u c ch nng ring nn hoc
khng hin hnh. Cn lc thc by gi khng tr
ni thn, v lc thc duyn cnh khng nht nh,
li khi sp g trong thn hng thi tng tc, th cm
xc lnh khng th do lc thc tm pht ra c.

Vy nn bit ch c tm D thc do nghip lc i

trc, hng thi bin khp tng tc chp th thn
phn, nn khi sp cht tm D thc x b ch chp th
no ni thn, th c cm xc lnh sanh ra . V Th,
Non v Thc khng la nhau, h ch no c cm xc
lnh khi ln th ch l phi hu tnh, ch thn cht
phi tnh ny tuy cng do D thc tm bin ra v duyn,
nhng khng chp Th. Cho nn quyt nh c thc th
tm ny.
7. Li Kh kinh ni : "Thc duyn danh sc, danh
sc duyn thc", hai php ln lt nng nhau, v
nh b cy lau, cng lc ng vng. Nu khng c thc
th tm ny th t th ca "thc" trong thc duyn danh
sc khng c c. V trong kinh kia t gii thch rng,
danh l bn un khng phi sc, sc l ci hnh trng
trong bo thai nh Kit-la-lam v.v... Hai th ny cng
vi thc nng nhau m tr, nh hai b cy lau thng
cng duyn nhau trong mt lc m tr, khng h la
nhau. Cc chuyn thc nhn, nh v.v... nhip vo trong
danh. Nu thc th tm khng c, th ni ci g l thc
duyn danh sc y ? Cng khng th ni thc un
thuc v danh trong danh sc l ch cho nm thc
thn, cn thc trong cu "Thc duyn danh sc l ch
cho thc th su, v khi giai on hnh trng Kit-lalam cha c nm thc.
Li cc chuyn thc c gin on chuyn bin,
khng c sc hng thi chp tr danh sc, lm sao ni
n thng cng danh sc duyn nhau.
Vy nn bit Thc duyn danh sc l r rng ch
cho thc th tm.
(Ht quyn ba theo bn Hn)

8. Li Kh kinh ni : Tt c hu tnh u nng

n m tn ti. Nu khng c thc ny th ci th ca

thc thc (sng bng cch n ca thc) kia khng th

c. Ngha l Kh kinh ni, n c bn cch :
1. on thc - Lm bin hoi n l tng trng
ca cch n ny. Ngha l ci Dc, nhng vt c
hng, c v, c xc, trong khi n bin hoi th ly
lm n. Do Sc khng thuc v on thc, v khi
bin hoi mu sc khng c tc dng g nui thn.
2. Xc thc - Tc xc chm cnh l tng trng
ca n. Ngha l khi Xc tm s hu lu ca hu tnh
xc chm cnh m c s cm th h lc, th c th ly
lm n. Xc tm s tuy tng ng vi tt c cc
thc, song Xc tm s ni su thc trc, c ngha
"n" mnh hn, cnh xc chm y th ph r rt,
nhip nhn h, lc v x th, thun , ch thn, m c s
t dng mnh hn.
3. t thc - Tc hy vng l tng trng ca n.
Ngha l T tm s hu lu cng sinh khi vi Dc tm
s, hy vng cnh ng a, c th ly lm n. T tm
s ny tuy tng ng vi tt c cc thc, nhng T
tng ng vi thc c ngha n mnh hn, v thc
i vi cnh c s hy vng mnh.
4. Thc thc - Tc s chp tr l tng trng ca
n. Ngha l thc hu lu, do th lc ca on, Xc,
T thc tng trng m c th thnh ngha n. "Thc"
ni y tuy chung c t th cc thc, nhng thc th
tm c ngha n mnh hn, v thc th tm l mt loi
tng tc chp tr mng cn mnh hn.
Do Tp Lun ni bn cch n ny nhip vo ba
un (sc, hnh, thc un), nm x (hng, v, xc, php
v x), mi mt gii (hng, v, xc, php, v su
thc gii). Bn cch n ny c kh nng duy tr thn
mng hu tnh, khng b h mt, nn gi l n.
on thc ch c tc dng ci Dc, Xc v t
thc tuy c c ba ci, nhng nng ni su thc m
chuyn, nn ty theo thc m hoc c hoc khng. Cc
chuyn thc nhn, nh v.v... c gin on, c bin

chuyn, khng phi cng khp hng thi duy tr thn

mng. Ngha l khi nh v tm (V tng nh, Dit
tn nh), khi ng m, khi cht ngt, khi ci tri V
tng, cc chuyn thc b gin on. Gi s a v
hu tm, ty cn s y, cnh s duyn m chuyn dch
theo ba tnh, ba ci, chn a, nn i vi vic duy tr
thn mng, cc chuyn thc khng bin khp, khng
hng thi lm sao duy tr c.
Nhng ngi chp khng c thc th tm, vy
nng vo u c Thc thc ? V do u m Kinh
ni : "Tt c hu tnh u nng ni n m tn ti"?
Cng khng th bo a v v tm, tuy khng c thc
hin hnh nhng dng thc qu kh, v lai m lm
thnh n ; v thc qu kh, v lai khng hin ti, khng
thng hng, nh hoa m gia khng, khng c tht
th tht dng, hay d cho c tht th tht dng m
khng phi hin ti, th n nh h khng, khng
thnh n c.
Cng khng th ni tm nhp nh l mn n ca
hu tnh a v v tm, v khi v tm th tm gia
hnh nhp nh khng cn na. N thuc v qu
kh, khng phi l n, vic y thnh tu rt ro ri.
Li khng th ni : "Php Bt tng ng hnh"
V tng nh l mn n cho hu tnh nhp V tng
nh ; v Php Bt tng ng hnh khng nhip thuc
bn cch n, v la sc tm, n khng tht c.
C ngi chp Dit tn nh cn c thc th
su, n i vi hu tnh Dit tn nh c th l mn
n. li chp cng phi l, n on sau s ph rng.
Li kia th ni hu tnh sanh vo hai ci Sc v V sc,
khi khi tm v lu th ly g lm n ? V thc v lu l
ph hoi cc hu (ci), nn thc v lu khng th l
mn n i vi thn mng hu tnh hai ci .
Cng khng th chp trong thc v lu c chng t
hu lu, c th lm thc n cho hu tnh kia, v thc v

lu ging nh Nit-bn khng th chp tr chng t

hu lu.
Li khng th ni, thn v mng ca hu tnh
thng gii duy tr ln nhau tc l lm mn n cho
nhau, v trong bn cch n khng nhip thuc vo mng
thn kia (trong bn cch n, khng c thn mng thc).
Li ci V sc khng thn, th mng khng th duy
tr, v l chng ng phn gia cc hu tnh khng c
tht th.
Do bit chc khc vi cc chuyn thc, c thc
D thc mt loi thng hng v bin khp, chp tr
thn mng khng cho hoi mt. Nng theo l ,
c Th Tn dy: "Tt c hu tnh u nng ni n
m tn ti". V ch nng ni nm th un m kin lp
hu tnh. Pht khng c ng un hu lu, nn khng
nhip vo hu tnh. Ni Hu tnh nng n m tn
ti nn bit l ni theo cch th hin quyn xo (tc
ni ngha bng).
bit thc D thc l c tnh cch n hn c, m
thc chnh l thc th tm ny vy.
9. Li Kh kinh ni : Ngi Dit tn nh,
thn, ng v tm hnh ca h u dit mt (thn hnh
ch hi th ra vo, ng hnh ch tm t, hnh ch th,
tng), nhng mng sng (th) khng dit, v cng
khng b hi nng, nn cc cn khng bin hoi, "thc
khng la thn"; Nu khng c thc D thc ny th
ngi Dit tn nh khng th c thc khng la
thn. Ngha l v thy nhn thc v.v... hnh tng th
ng i cnh s duyn, khi khi nhn thc v.v...
thng b lao l, nn chn ght n, tm thi cu s
ngng ngh, dn dn dp tr nhn thc v.v... khng
khi ln cho n khi ht sch, chnh nng v tr
m tr trong Dit tn nh. Cho nn trong Dit tn
nh, cc chuyn thc u dit, nu khng chp nhn c
th thc vi t trc sau mt loi thng hng bin khp
chp tr Th, Non, th nng vo u Kinh ni :

"Thc khng la thn"?

Nu bo lc sau khi ra khi Dit tn nh, chuyn
thc kia khi tr li nh st rt cch ngy, nn gi l
thc khng la thn ; nu th thi khng nn ni : "Tm
hnh dit"; v su thc v th tng khi dit ng
nhau. Li Th, Non v cc cn nu cng nh su thc
th c li ln. Cho nn, nn chp nhn c thc th tm
cng nh Th v Non, tht khng la thn.
Li trong a v Dit tn nh, nu hon ton
khng c thc th nh ngi gch, chng phi loi hu
tnh, u c ni l ngi Dit tn nh.
Li nu a v Dit tn nh khng c D thc
thc th ci g chp tr cc cn v Th, Non ? Nu
khng chp tr th phi hoi dit ht, ging nh thy
cht, bn khng c Th, Non. vy, chc v sau
thc khng sanh tr li m vn ni : "Thc khng la
thn", th ci thc thuc v thc g ? V cc D thc
thc b thn ny ri, la thn ny g vo thn khc, th
khng phi l sanh tr li.
Li nu a v Dit tn nh ny khng c thc
duy tr chng t, khng c chng t th v sau thc lm
sao sanh li c. Php qu kh, v lai v Bt tng
ng hnh, chng c tht th, iu ny c thnh lp
ri. Cn cc sc php, la thc th u khng c. Ngoi
thc th tm m c vic th hun v tr chng th cng
ngn trc kia ri.
Nhng a v v tm nh Dit tn nh cng
ging nh trong a v hu tm, chc phi c thc
ny, v c cc cn v Th, Non, tc l nhip thuc
hu tnh (khng k v tm hay hu tm).
Do l , a v Dit tn nh, quyt phi c thc
tht khng la thn.
- Nu bo a v Dit tn nh c thc th su
gi l Thc khng la thn th cng khng ng l, v
nh ny cng gi l nh v tm (khng c thc th
su).

Nu chp khng c nm thc gi l v tm, th c

th tt c nh u gi l v tm nh, v tt c nh u
khng c nm thc thn.
thc nhip vo trong su chuyn thc, ging nh
nm thc, Dit tn nh n khng c. Hoc ni thc
trong a v Dit tn nh, hnh tng v s duyn ca
n u khng th bit, nh Th v Non, th khng
phi l lc thc.
Nu a v Dit tn nh c ci thc m hnh
tng v s duyn ca n u c th bit, th li
ging nh cc a v khc, ch khng nhip vo a v
Dit tn nh ny. Vn v mun ngng ngh ci thc c
hnh tng v s duyn c th bit r, mi nhp nh
dit tn ny.
Li nu a v Dit tn nh c thc th su, th
th Tm s php ca thc ny c hay khng ? Nu c
tm s th Kinh khng nn ni : Tr nh ny, tm
hnh u dit. Li khng nn gi l nh dit th
tng.
Chp : Khi tu gia hnh v nh ny l ch ct
nhm chn th v tng cho nn trong nh ny ch
dit th v tng. Th v tng gip tm rt mnh, nn
trong cc Tm s, ring n c gi l tm hnh, nh
vy ni tm hnh dit (l ch dit th tng ch khng
dit Tm tm s) c g tri u ?
Lun ch - Trong V tng nh, ch nn mt
mnh tng dit, v ch nhm chn tng, nhng ng
khng chp nhn (ch tng dit) v nh va ni ch c
th v tng gip tm rt mnh, vy khi hai th y dit,
tm cng phi dit ?
Chp : - Khng, tm (thc th su) khng dit,
cng nh thn hnh (hi th ra vo) dit m thn vn
tn ti, ti sao c phi trch tm ng dit vi hnh
(th, tng ) ?

Lun ch : - Nu vy, khi ng hnh tm t dit,

ngn ng khng nn dit. Nhng iu ny khng c
chp nhn.
Nhng (hnh) i vi php c th bin khp, c
th khng bin khp. Khi th hnh bin khp dit, th
php quyt phi dit theo, nhng khi th hnh khng
bin khp dit, th php hoc dit hoc khng.
Th hnh khng bin khp l ch cho hi th ra
vo (thn hnh); v thy khi hi th dt m thn vn
cn.
Tm tm t i vi ng, thuc loi hnh bin
khp, nn khi tm t dit th ng phi dit.
Th v tng i vi tm cng l loi hnh bin
khp cng nh T tm s, thuc loi i a php
(mi i a php l nm Bin hnh, nm Bit cnh,
nm th ny bin khp ht thy tm), nn khi th v
tng dit, tm nht nh dit theo. Ch lm sao c th
ni th, tng dit m tm ( thc) khng dit ?
Li (Hu b) cho rng : "T l thuc i a php",
vy th khi th, tng dit, t kia cng nn dit? Nu t
dit, th a v Dit tn nh ny, tn cng khng c.
V khng th bo Tm s bin hnh dit m cc Tm s
khc nh tn v.v... c th khng dit, lm sao ni cn c
cc Tm s khc tr th v tng ? Nu chp nhn
th v tng cng nh t thuc i a php, th a
v ny t c th th, tng cng nn c.
Li trong Dit nh ny, nu c t th cng nn c
xc, v cc Tm s khc u nng nng lc ca xc
m pht sinh. Nu chp nhn c xc th cng nn c
th, v xc lm duyn cho th. chp nhn c th, th
tng cng nn c, v th v tng khng ri nhau.
Chp : - Nh th lm duyn sanh i khng c
ngha tt c th u c th lm duyn sanh i, cho nn
xc lm duyn sanh th, khng c ngha tt c xc u
lm duyn sanh th. Do , vn nn nu trn khng
ng l.

Lun ch : - ng cu cha nh vy khng ng, v

c s sai khc. Ngha l c Pht t gin bit ni ch c
cc th do v minh xc lm duyn sanh ra, th
mi lm duyn sanh i, ch cha bao gi Pht gin bit
ni (chung chung) xc sanh th, cho nn nu h c xc
tt l c th. Th vi tng i i, l chc chn.
Hoc nn nh cc a v tn tm khc, th tng u
khng dit.
Chp trong a v Dit nh c T tm s. Nu
tha nhn th th tri vi li ni Tm hnh dit; v
cng khng thnh c nh dit th tng.
Nu khng Tm s, th su thc Tm vng cng
khng, khng bao gi thy c tm no la Tm s ; v
cc Tm s Bin hnh m dit, th Tm vng dit
theo. Nu bo c Tm vng m khng c Tm s th
th tng khng phi l i a php, li thc ny
khng th l php c Tm s tng ng. Nu tha nhn
nh th th khng th c cn s y v cnh s duyn, n
ging nh sc php v.v... cng khng th gi l tm.
Li Kh kinh ni : v php lm duyn sanh ra
thc, ba th ha hp sinh ra xc, ni xc cng khi ln
c th, tng t. Nu trong nh dit tn c thc v
l c ba s ha hp, phi l c xc, v xc chc chn
cng khi vi th, tng v t. Vy ti sao c thc m
li khng c Tm s ?
Nu bo trong nhng lc khc, ba s ha hp c
nng lc mi thnh xc i, sanh xc Tm s, v xc
y mi khi sanh th. Do nh ny, trc khi vo
nh, v chn ght Tm s, nn khi trong nh, ba s
khng c kh nng, khng thnh xc i, nn khng
sanh xc, cng khng c th.
Nu vy, nn gi l nh dit Tm s ch ti sao
ch ni dit th tng ?
Nu bo trong khi nhm chn th tng, nn khi
hai th dit, tm s khc cng dit lun, y ht s
nhm chn trc , gi tn l nh dit tn.

Nu vy, trong dit nh tm th su cng

nn dit, v Tm s th tng b nhm chn cng sanh
vi cc Tm s khc. Khng vy th lm sao gi l
nh v tm (Dit tn nh cng l nh v tm)
Li a v Dit tn nh ny, thc thuc tnh g
? Khng th l nhim hay v k tnh ; v trong cc thin
nh, khng c vic , v nhng Tm vng nhim v
v k, th tc l c Tm s, khng nn chn thin m
tr li khi ln nhim ; v khng phi cu tch tnh m
li khi ln tn ng.
Nu bo thc trong Dit tn nh ny l thin, th
c th l tng ng thin, nn tng ng vi v tham
thin cn v.v... Tm th su trong nh khng th l
t tnh thin, hoc thng ngha thin, v tri vi tn ch
mnh, tm khng phi l thin cn nh v tham v
Nit-bn.
Nu bo tm trong nh l ng khi thin, do
gia hnh thin cn dn pht ra, th l cng khng ng,
v tri vi tn ch ca mnh. Ging nh cc thin tm
trong cc a v khc, khng phi l ng khi thin. V
thin tm khng gin on khi ln ba tnh thin,
c, v k, ti sao thin tm li do trc ng khi ra ?
Cho nn tm nu l thin, l do sc Tm s tng ng.
vy, tt cng v tham thin cn tng ng, lm sao
ni ring thin tm th su trong Dit nh ny khng
c Tm s ? nh ny khng c Tm s th Tm
vng th su cng phi khng.
- C nh vy suy gn, bit cc chuyn thc nhn,
nh... khi a v Dit nh, n khng phi l th Thc
khng ri thn. Cho nn Kh kinh ni : Thc khng
ri thn chnh l ch cho thc th tm ny, v khi nhp
Dit nh khng phi ct ngng ngh ci thc chp
tr rt tch lng ny vy.
- Ci thc trong V tng nh, V tng thin,
c loi theo y m bit.

10. Li Kh kinh ni : V tm tp nhim nn hu

tnh tp nhim, v tm thanh tnh nn hu tnh thanh
tnh. Nu khng c thc ny th tm tp nhim thanh
tnh kia khng c. Ngha l php tp nhim thanh tnh
ly tm lm gc, nhn tm m sinh, nng tm m tr,
tm nhn s hun tp php nhim tnh, li duy tr chng
t php nhim tnh kia.
- Nhng php tp nhim lc c ba th : phin
no, nghip, qu, chng loi khc nhau. Nu khng c
thc ny duy tr chng t phin no, khi hu tnh t
thng gii, thng a sanh tr li h gii, h a, tc
sau lc khng c tm nhim thng gii, li khi
ln cc phin no nhim h gii, phin no ny khi
ln nh th u khng c nhn, v cc php khc th
khng th duy tr c chng t phin no h a kia.
Cn tm php qu kh v v lai li khng phi tht c.
Nu cc phin no khi tr li y khng nhn m vn
khi, thi s khng c qu v Hc v V hc ca ba
tha. V sao ? V cc phin no dt ri, u khng
nhn m li c th khi ln na.
Nu khng c thc th tm ny duy tr chng t
ca nghip v qu, th hu tnh sau khi qua li gii v
a, y kia, vi nhiu loi tnh nhim, cc nghip v
qu khi ln sau cng khng c nhn. Hoc chp do
nhn chng t khc sanh ra qu khc, hoc chp sc
tm lm nhn duyn sanh ra nhau, hoc chp php g
khc duy tr chng t, th trc y ngn chn ri.
Nu cc nghip v qu, khng nhn m vn sanh,
vy th sau khi nhp V d y Nit-bn, nghip v qu
trong ba ci vn sanh tr li, v phin no cng c th
khng nhn m vn sanh.
Li hnh lm duyn sanh thc (m khng c
thc th tm), khng th thnh c, v cc chuyn
thc nhn chu s hun tp, l vic trc y ngn
chn. Cng khng phi "Kit sanh thc nhim", v n
khng phi do hnh chiu cm, m ni hnh lm

duyn cho danh sc cng khng c, v gia hnh

v danh sc thi gian v phn v cch xa nhau, khng
c ngha lm duyn c. y ni "hnh lm duyn
danh sc" khng thnh, th cc chi sau nh ni "hnh
lm duyn lc nhp", th lm duyn sanh lo t cng
khng thnh.
- Cc php thanh tnh cng c ba th khc nhau l
o chng th gian, o chng xut th gian v qu
on dt. Nu khng c thc D thc ny duy tr o
chng thanh tnh ca th gian v xut th gian, th sau
khi tm khc loi (tm th gian khi ln tm xut th
gian) khi ln php thanh tnh th, xut th u c th
khng nhn m khi. Cn nu chp do nhn khc m
khi, th trc ph ri.
Nu hai o chng thanh tnh (l th v xut th)
khng nhn m sanh, thi sau khi nhp V d Nit-bn
gii ri, hai o chng thanh tnh kia nn sanh tr li,
v ch nng ca hai o thanh tnh l thn tr cng c
th khng nhn m sanh li.
Li tnh tm o xut th lc u khng th sanh v
khng c ci g duy tr tnh tm o chng php nh vn
c , v php hu lu th khc loi khng phi l nhn
ca o chng v lu. Khng nhn m sanh l khng
phi do chng t trong thc sanh, khng c chng t th
xut th o lc u khng sanh, lc sau cng khng
sanh. Th th c th khng c o v qu ba tha.
Li nu khng c thc ny duy tr chng t phin
no th qu chuyn y do on phin no m chng c
th cng khng thnh. Ngha l khi Thnh o khi ln
th phin no hin hnh v chng t ca n u khng
c, v hai tm nhim v tnh khng th cng khi mt
lc. Tm th su tng ng vi Thnh o, quyt
khng duy tr chng t phin no, v t tnh phin no
v Thnh o tri ngc nhau, nh tnh Nit-bn vi
php nhim.

Php qu kh, v lai v c (Thnh o) cng cc

php khc u khng phi tht c (nn khng duy tr
chng t v thnh on qu). Nu ni cc php khc
duy tr chng t phin no th l cng khng thnh.
khng c phin no b on tr, th o on
tr phin no cng khng, nng u do u lp
on qu ? Nu do o lc lm cho phin no lc sau
khng sanh, lp on qu, thi lc mi c thnh o
khi ln l c th thnh bc V hc, v cc phin no
lc sau u khng c nhn, vnh vin khng sanh vy.
Nu chp nhn c thc D thc ny, th mi s
nhn qu nhim tnh u thnh, v ch c thc ny mi
c kh nng duy tr cc chng t nhim tnh.
Chng minh c thc th tm ny, l th nhiu v
cng, ch s vn dng di, nn lc thut cng yu.
Gio v l chng minh hin nhin ring c thc
th tm ny, nhng ngi c tr nn sanh tm thm tn th
tr .(22)
X. THC BIN HIN TH HAI
- Trn ni tng nng bin th nht. Cn
tng nng bin th hai th no ?
Tng rng :
Thc nng bin th hai,
Gi l thc Mt-na,
Nng kia chuyn, duyn kia,
T lng lm tnh tng.
Tng ng bn phin no,
L ng si, ng kin,
V ng mn, ng i,
V tm s xc thy.
Tnh hu ph v k,
Sanh theo A-li-da,

Chng La-hn, Dit nh.

Xut th o, khng cn.
Lun rng : Tip sau thc D thc nng bin th
nht, nn bin gii tng thc t lng nng bin th
hai . (23).
- Thc ny trong Thnh gio gi ring tn Mt-na,
v n c tnh thng thm xt ngh lng mnh hn cc
thc khc.
- Tn ny c g khc vi thc th su ? y gi
tn l gii thch theo li tr nghip, nh danh t Tng
thc, v thc tc l , cn ch thc l gii thch theo
li y ch, v nh nhn thc, v thc khc vi cn.
(Tr nghip thch l cn c nghip dng ca n m t
tn, y ch thch l cn c ch da ca n m t tn).
- Nhng trong cc Thnh gio s lm thc ny
thnh thc kia, cho nn thc th by ch gi l (ch
khng gi thc)
Li nu tn , v gin bit vi tm bt vi su
thc, v Mt-na thua km thc bt v ngha cha nhm,
thua su thc v ngha liu bit. Hoc mun ch r Mt-na
lm ch nng gn nht cho thc kia, nn ch gi n l
(24)
.
Cu nng kia chuyn l ch r ch nng ca
thc Mt-na. Kia l ch cho Tng thc nng bin th
nht ni trc kia. Thnh ni thc ny nng ni Tng
thc.
- C kin cho Mt-na ny ly chng t bt
thc lm ch nng, ch khng phi ly hin hnh thc
bt lm ch nng, v thc Mt-na ny khng gin
on, khng cn mn thc hin hnh bt lm cu
hu y mi sanh khi c.
- C kin cho thc Mt-na ny u ly c chng
t v hin hnh thc bt lm ch nng. Thc Mtna tuy khng gin on m c chuyn dch (chuyn
nhim thnh tnh, tnh thnh nhim), gi l chuyn

thc, tt phi mn c hin hnh thc bt lm cu

hu y mi pht sanh c.
Chuyn ngha l lu chuyn (tc tng tc sanh
khi). Hin th thc Mt-na ny hng nng hin hnh
bt thc v chng t trong bt thc m sanh khi,
li ly bt thc lm s duyn. (Mt-na ly chng t
trong bt m khi, l nhn duyn; Cn da bt
thc khi, l cu hu y, Tng thng duyn).
Cc Tm, Tm s u c ch nng, nhng ch
nng ca n gm c ba th :
1. Nhn duyn y (cng gi Chng t y) tc l
chng t ca chnh mi php. Cc php hu vi u g
lm ch nng, v ri nhn duyn chng t ca
chnh mnh, th chc chn khng sanh khi c.
2. Tng thng duyn y (cng gi Cu hu y) tc
su x bn trong (su cn). Cc Tm, Tm s u g
ch nng ny, v ri cn cu hu th chc chn khng
sanh khi c.
3. ng v gin duyn y (cng gi Khai o y) Tc
trc dit (m li cho sau sanh). Cc Tm, tm s,
u g ch nng ny, v ri gc khai o (m li dn
ng v gin) th chc chn khng sanh khi c.
Ch Tm, Tm s l phi c ba ch nng y,
cho nn gi l ch nng, ch khng phi php khc.
- Trc ht l Chng t y (Nhn duyn y) c hai
thuyt :
a. C ngi ni rng cn phi c chng t dit ri
th hin qu mi sanh, v cn phi khng c chng t,
vy sau qu mi sanh, nh Tp Lun ni th. Li
nh ht ging v mm khng phi cng c mt lc (cu
hu).
b. C ngi cho li dn Tp Lun kia chng
minh khng thnh. V Tp Lun ch da vo s dn
sanh t loi chng t v sau m ni th. Ni ht ging
sanh ra mm, khng phi l ng nht. V cho ht

ging dit m mm sanh l iu khng c cng nhn.

Nh tim n v la phi ng thi mi lm nhn ln
nhau c.
Nhng trong mi chng t t loi, th nhn qu
khng ng thi ; cn chng t sanh hin hnh, hin
hnh sanh chng t, th quyt nh ng thi c. Cho
nn lun Du-gi ni php hu vi v thng lm nhn
cho tha tnh v cng lm nhn cho t tnh nim sau.
chnh l ngha ca ch Nhn duyn. Ni t tnh
l ch r t loi chng t nim trc lm nhn cho nim
sau. Ni tha tnh l ch r chng t cng hin hnh
lm nhn cho nhau.
Lun Nhip i Tha cng ni rng Tng thc v
nhim php lm nhn duyn cho nhau, ging nh b
cy lau ng thi nng nhau ng vng ; li ni
chng t v hin qu phi ng thi, cho nn Chng
t y khng th trc sau c. Du c ch ni:
Chng t v hin qu c trc sau, nn bit y u
ni theo li ty chuyn (tc chuyn l i tha ni
l Tiu tha, chuyn l chnh ni theo l ph ).
Nh vy tm thc v cc tm s nht nh c mi
chng t lm ch nng ring.
- Th hai l cu hu y (Tng thng duyn y ) c
bn thuyt :
a. C thuyt cho rng nm thc nhn, nh v.v... ly
thc lm cu hu y, v khi nm thc khi ln phi c
thc, ch khng c nhn cn ring v.v... lm cu hu
y, v nm cn chnh l chng t ca nm thc. Nh bi
tng trong Nh thp Duy thc ni :
Thc t t chng sanh,
Chuyn theo tng t cnh.
V thnh ni ngoi x,
Pht dy : l mi.

Bi tng ny ni c Th Tn v thnh lp mi
hai x, nn ni chng t ca nm thc l nm cn v.v...,
cn tng phn ca nm thc l nm trn v.v..., cho
nn bit nhn cn v.v... chnh l chng t ca nm thc.
Lun Qun S Duyn Duyn cng ni :
Sc cng nng trn thc,
Gi nm cn, hp l.
Cng nng vi cnh sc,
V th lm nhn nhau.
Bi tng ny ni chng t sanh sc thc nh
nhn v.v... trn D thc thc gi l sc cng nng,
ni sc cng nng l nm cn, ch khng phi c
nm cn ring bit. Cn chng t v sc thc thng
lm nhn cho nhau, v hin thc hin sc nng hun
thng cng cn chng t lm nhn cho nhau.
Thc th by v thc th tm khng c cu hu y
ring, v t lc n mnh, hng thi tng tc sanh khi,
cn thc th su c cu hu y, v phi nng thc Mtna mi sanh khi c.
b. C ngi cho li ni trn tri vi c l gio. V
nu nm sc cn chnh l chng t nm thc, th chng
t ca mi tm gii phi thnh ln xn. Nhng mi
tm gii u c chng t ring, nn trong Thnh gio
ni no cng ni nh vy.
Li chng t nm thc mi mi c kh nng sanh
tng phn, kin phn khc nhau, nh vy th ti sao
chp tng phn hay kin phn lm nhn cn.v.v...?
Nu chp chng t kin phn th kin phn n nhip
vo thc un ; nu chp chng t tng phn th tng
phn n nhip vo ngoi x. C hai li chp u tri
vi Thnh gio ni : Nm cn nhn, nh v.v... u
nhip vo sc un ni x bn trong .
Li nu nm cn chnh l chng t ca nm thc,
th nm cn phi l nhn duyn ca nm thc, khng
nn ni nm cn nhip vo tng thng duyn.

Li nu t cn, thit cn chnh l chng t ca hai

thc , vy th hai cn t, thit ging nh hai thc t,
thit, ch nn rng buc ci Dc, hoc c hai thc t,
thit, ging nh hai cn t, thit cng nn rng buc
lun ci Sc. Nu chp nhn nh th th tri vi
Thnh gio. (Ni ch c ba thc nhn, nh, thn Nh
a, ch t v thit thc ch c ci Dc). Cn ni 3 cn
nhn, nh, thn chnh l chng t ba thc th nn ch c
hai a v l Ng th Tp c v S Thin. Hoc ni
khng c c Nm a l Ng th Tp c v Bn ci
Thin th cng b ct nn nh th.
Li chng t nm thc thng c hai tnh thin,
c th nm sc cn khng phi ch c tnh v k.
Li chng t nm thc nhip vo loi khng chp
th, th nm cn cng phi nn khng chp th.
Li nm sc cn nu l chng t ca nm thc, th
chng t thc phi l Mt-na, v nm thc kia ly
nm cn lm ng php vy (ng lm cn cho chuyn
thc nng) .
Li lun Du-gi ni su thc nhn nh v.v... u
3 ch nng (l nng chng t hoc gi Nhn duyn y
; nng cn, hoc gi Cu hu y ; nng dit hoc
gi ng v gin y). Nay nu ni nm sc cn chnh l
chng t ca nm thc th ch nng ch c hai.
Li trong Thnh gio ni nm cn nhn, nh v.v...
l ni chung c cn hin hnh v cn chng t. Nay
chp chng t nm thc l nm cn th tri vi tt c
Thnh gio.
- C ngi mun trnh li ni trn, da vo li
chp y cu cha rng Nghip chng tng thng
chiu cm nm thc trong D thc thc, gi l nm
sc cn, ch khng phi lm nhn duyn chng t sanh
ra nm thc. L ny kho ph hp vi hai bi tng v
kho thun vi lun Du-gi.
- Ngi kia ni th ch l ni sung, khng c tht
ngha, v nu th th l ng nm sc cn chng phi l

v k. Li nghip chng l nm cn th khng phi ch

c chp th, ch nhip vo sc un, ch nhip vo ni
x, hai cn t thit ch nn rng buc Dc gii, ba cn
khng nn rng buc nm a (Ng th Tp c v
Bn ci Thin), v nghip chng chiu cm thc l
ng l Mt-na, nhn, nh v.v... khng th khng hin
hnh, v chng t li c th l nhn, nh v.v... m khng
phi l sc cn. Li nu nm thc u do nghip chiu
cm, thi c th mt mc nhip vo v k tnh, thi
nm thc thin c v.v... khng phi nghip chiu
cm, th khng c nhn cn v.v... lm Cu hu y. Cho
nn li ni ca ng, khng phi l li cu cha khn
kho.
Li trong cc Thnh gio u ni : A-li-gia thc
bin hin t sc cn v ch cn nng (thn) cng kh
th gian. Ti sao ng li bc khng c sc cn, ch
chp nhn nhn thc v.v... bin hin ra t sc, t thanh,
m khng chp nhn nhn thc v.v... c Tng thc
bin hin ? M v lm nh th tht rt tri vi gio l.
Nhng Tng ni : Cng nng chng t gi l nm
cn l ct ph ngi chp la ngoi thc tht c
nm cn.
Nn hiu chnh do bn thc bin hin ra t nhn
cn... cn ny c tc dng pht sanh nm thc nn gi
gi l chng t v sc cng nng, ch khng phi
ni sc cn chnh l chng t ca thc v ca nghip.
Li minh liu thc duyn nm cnh, nn ly nm
thc lm Cu hu y, v minh liu thc ny phi cng
khi mt ln vi 5 thc. Nu minh liu thc khng
nng nm thc nhn, nh v.v... th minh liu thc
khng th lm ch nng cho nm thc, v chng da
ln nhau, c th lc ngang nhau.
Li thc th by, tuy khng gin on nhng n
bc kin o, tu o n c chuyn i, th n phi
nh su thc c Cu hu y. Nu khng nh vy, th n
phi khng nhip vo chuyn thc, do tri vi Thnh

gio ni chuyn thc c by th. Cho nn chp nhn

thc th by c Cu hu y, v Cu hu y chnh l
thc th tm hin hnh. Nh lun Du-gi ni: C Tng
thc nn c thc Mt-na, c thc Mt-na lm ch
nng, m thc c pht sanh.
Lun kia ni : Hin hnh Tng thc lm ch
nng mi c thc Mt-na, ch khng phi do chng t
ca n trong Tng thc. Khng vy th nn ni c Tng
thc cho nn thc c pht sanh. Do , li ni kia
ly chng t lm cn v Mt-na khng c Cu hu y, l
tri vi l gio.
Th nn ni : Nm chuyn thc trc mi mi
phi c hai Cu hu y, l nm sc cn v ng thi
thc.
Chuyn thc th su quyt nh thng c mt
Cu hu y, l thc th by. Nu thc cng khi
ln mt ln vi nm thc trc th cng ly nm thc
trc lm Cu hu y. Chuyn thc th by quyt nh
ch c mt Cu hu y, l thc th tm. Ch ring
thc th tm hng thng khng chuyn bin, t mnh
ng vng khng cn c Cu hu y.
c. C ngi cho rng cu ni trn cha ht l.
Thc th tm so vi cc thc khc ng l thc, th
ti sao khng chp nhn thc th tm c Cu hu y ?
Thc th by, thc th tm hng cng nhau sinh
khi li cng nng nhau, nh th c g li ?
chp nhn thc hin khi (hin hnh) ly chng
t ca chnh n lm ch nng, th cng nn chp nhn
chng t cng nng ni thc hin khi (hin hnh).
( ni thc hin hnh nng chng t, chng t nng
thc hin hnh). By chuyn thc hin hnh c th hun
thnh chng t ni thc D thc. Chng t y ly by
chuyn thc nng hun lm ch nng, ly thc D thc
s hun lm ch nng m tn ti. Nu la by chuyn
thc nng hun v thc D thc s hun th chng t
khng th sanh, ln v tr.

Li thc D thc, trong ci c sc n chp tr

thn v nng sc cn m pht khi. Nh th Kinh ni :
Thc A-li-da nhn gi nghip thi ng, khp nng
cc cn, m hng tng tc sanh khi. Lun Du-gi
ni : Su thc nhn, nh v.v... u c ch nng ring,
nn khng c kh nng chp th ton thn c sc cn.
Nu thc D thc khng khp y ch ni cc sc cn, th
n cng nh su thc khng c kh nng chp th.
Hoc ci nhn c lp , mc phi li bt nh (theo
Nhn minh).
Cho nn Tng thc nu hin khi th nht nh c
mt ch nng, l thc th by. Khi trong ci c
sc, n cng nng sc cn, nu l thc chng t th
nht nh c mt ch nng, l thc D thc, khi
a v mi hun tp cng nng ni thc nng hun.
Cc l khc nh trc ni.
d. C ngi cho rng cc li ni trn u khng
ng l, v h cha r ch nng v nng khc nhau.
nng l ch cho tt c php sanh dit phi nng nhn
cy duyn m sanh khi v tn ti. Cc ch nng cy
cng gi l nng. Nh vua v ti u nng ln nhau.
Nu php g c ngha l quyt nh ng thi, c cnh
duyn, lm ch v c kh nng khin Tm, Tm s tip
nhn cnh s duyn ca chnh n, th php mi l
ch nng. Ni r, chnh su x bn trong (su cn)
mi l ch nng. Ngoi ra php g khng phi c cnh
s duyn, khng c tnh quyt nh v khng lm ch
th khng phi ch nng, nh vua ch khng phi nh
ti. Cho nn trong Thnh gio ni ch c Tm, Tm s
l c ch nng (l cc cn), ch khng phi sc php,
v sc php khng c cnh s duyn. Ch ni Tm s
ly Tm vng lm ch nng, ch khng ni Tm s
lm ch nng cho Tm, v Tm s khng phi l ch,
khng t ti (nh b ti).
Nhng c ch ni nng l ch nng, hoc ch
nng l nng, u ty nghi gi ni .

Do nm thc u c ch nng, v nht nh c

bn ch, l nm sc cn, thc th su, thc th by,
thc th tm. Nu thiu mt th nm thc khng sanh
c, v bn ch nng ny ni cch khc tc l ng
cnh y, phn bit y, nhim tnh y v cn bn y khc
nhau.
Nhng Thnh gio thng ch ni nm thc nng
nm cn, v nm cn l ch nng ring ca mi thc.
Li ng cnh y (tc nm cn, thc ng duyn mt
cnh vi cn v.v...) l ci tng thun gn nht vi nm
thc.
lc thc ch c hai Cu hu y l thc th
by v thc th tm. Thiu mt trong hai th th thc
th su khng sanh ra c. thc th su tuy cng
nm thc tip nhn tin cnh r rng, nhng khng nht
nh lc no thc cng nng nm thc, cho nn nm
thc khng phi l ch nng ring ca thc.
Thnh gio ch ni thc nng thc th by,
l nhim tnh y, v hai thc ny ng nhip thuc vo
chuyn thc, tng thun gn nhau.
Cu hu y ca thc th by ch c mt, l thc
th tm. V nu khng c Tng thc th tm th thc
th by khng sanh c, nh bi tng ni :
Nh nng A-li-da,
Nn c Mt-na sanh,
Y ch Tm v ,
Cc chuyn thc khc sanh.
Cu hu y ca thc A-li-da cng ch c mt th,
l thc th by. Nu khng c thc th by th Ali-da quyt khng sanh c. Do , trong Lun ni:
Tng thc thng cng thc Mt-na ng thi sanh
khi.
Li ni Tng thc thng nng thc nhim ,
chnh l nng thc Mt-na ny, nhng c ch ni ba
a v (A-la-hn, Dit tn nh, Xut th o) khng c

Mt-na, l da vo tnh hu ph ca thc Mt-na

m ni, cng nh ni bn a v (Ba tha V hc v
v Pht) khng c A-li-da, ch khng phi ni bn
v khng c thc th tm ( bn a v v dt ng
i chp tng m ni l khng c A-li-da, ch th ca
thc th tm lun vn c). Ngha y cng th.
Tuy ci c Sc, thc A-li-da cng nng nm
cn m pht sanh, nhng khng nht nh khi no cng
c, nn nm cn ny khng nhip vo loi Cu hu y
ca thc th tm A-li-da. Chng t ca thc khng th
hin tin tip nhn cnh ca chnh mnh, nn n c th
c ngha nng m khng c ngha l ch nng nh
cn. Cn ch nng ca Tm s th ty theo thc Tm
vng n tng ng m ni, mi Tm s li gia thm
Tm vng m n tng ng lm ch nng. Nu
ni nh th l kho ph hp vi l v gio.
- Cui cng l Khai o y - (ng v gin duyn
y). C ba thuyt :
1. C ngi cho rng nm thc trc t mnh v
thng qua thc khc trc sau khng tng tc, khng
th lm Khai o y, nn chc chn phi c thc th su
dt dn pht sinh, v ch c thc th su lm Khai o
y. Cn thc th su, t mnh tng tc v cng do
nm thc trc dt dn pht sanh, nn ly nm thc
trc lm Khai o y.
Thc th by, thc th tm t mnh tng tc
khng cn thc khc dt dn pht sinh, nn ch ly t
loi chnh mnh lm Khai o y.
2. C ngi cho rng thuyt trn cha ht l, v
nm thc trc khi a v cha t ti v gp cnh xu,
th c th ni nh trn, ch nu nm thc a v t ti
nh ch Pht i vi cnh c t ti, cc cn s dng
chung, nhm vn quyt nh khng cn tm cu th nm
thc thn ca ch Pht u phi khng tng tc. Li
nm thc ng lu do th lc ca tm quyt nh,
tm nhim tnh, v tc ca thc dt dn m khi ln,

ngay khi tip tc chuyn ch duyn cnh s duyn cha

ri b, th lm sao khng chp nhn nm thc c
nhiu nim tng tc (ng lu)?
Cho nn lun Du-gi ni : Tip sau tm quyt
nh mi c tm nhim tnh, ri tip sau mi c
nhn thc thin, bt thin sanh khi, nhng chng
khng do sc phn bit ca chnh mnh m do thc
cho n khi thc cha chy theo duyn cnh khc.
Trong thi gian nhn v hoc thin, hoc nhim c
tng tc sanh khi.
Ging nh nhn thc sanh, cho n thn thc sanh
nn bit cng th. lun trn y nh ni r trong thi
gian hai thc nhn v cng ng thi tng tc sanh
khi, khi c nhn thc th cng c thc, cho nn
khng phi hai thc tng tc sanh ln nhau. Nu khi
gp cnh cng thnh tip tc hin tin bc ot thn
tm khng th tm thi ri b, by gi nm thc thn
chc chn phi tng tc, nh cnh a ngc nng rt
kh hoc ci tri h vong rt vui (tri Dc gii).
Cho nn Lun Du-gi ni : "Nu su thc nim
trc lm ng v gin duyn cho su thc nim sau,
tc ly thi thit gi l cn ; cn nu nm thc trc
sau quyt nh ch c thc lm Khai o y", thi Lun
kia nn ni : "Mt thc ny lm ng v gin duyn
(Khai o y) cho su thc kia", hoc nn ni su thc
ny lm ng v gin duyn cho mt thc kia. Nhng
lun kia khng ni nh vy, cho nn bit nm thc
c s tng tc. Khi nm thc khi ln chc chn c
thc nim trc dn dt thc nim sau lm cho pht
khi, cn g phi c nm thc lm Khai o y ?
Khi a v v tm v ng m, thc dt, lc
sau n khi li, trong khong thi gian Tng thc v
Mt-na hng tng tc, th cng nn lm Khai o y
cho thc y, cn nu thc dng t loi nim trc
lm khai o cho nim sau, th ti sao li khng chp

nhn t loi nm thc cng lm Khai o y cho mnh ?

y khng nh vy, th sao kia li nh vy ?
Khi thc Mt-na khi u tng ng vi Bnh
ng tnh tr, cng phi do thc th su (qun hai
khng) dt dn, vy cng nn ly thc th su lm Khai
o y (cho Mt-na).
Khi bt tnh thc khi u tng ng vi i
vin cnh tr cng phi do thc th su (tng ng vi
Diu quan st tr) v th by (tng ng vi Bnh ng
tnh tr), lm phng tin dn ti pht sanh. Li tm D
thc khi a v nhim th nng nhim , hoc khi
v chuyn y th nng ni thin tm tng ng vi
nguyn t bi. Nh vy quyt phi chp nhn bt thc
cng ly thc th su, thc th by lm Khai o y. Do
cc li ni trn kia u cha rt ro.
ng ra nn ni nm thc trc ty nghi m dng
thc no trong su thc nim trc lm Khai o y.
thc th su dng t loi nim trc hoc dng thc
th by, thc th tm lm Khai o y. Thc Mt-na th
by dng t loi nim trc hoc dng thc th su lm
Khai o y. Thc A--na (thc th tm) dng t loi
nim trc v thc th su, thc th by lm Khai o
y, u khng tri l. Do ni trc ri vy.
3. C ngi cho kin va ni cng khng ng
l, v khai o y c ngha l php g m c bn ngha
l tht c (Bt tng ng hnh khng tht c) c kh
nng duyn (sc khng c kh nng nhn bit), lm ch
(Tm s khng phi ch) v c th lm ng v gin
duyn (thc khc loi v thc nim sau khng th lm
ng v gin duyn), th gi l Khai o y. y ch
thuc Tm ch khng phi thuc Tm s, hay sc, Bt
tng ng hnh, V vi php.
Nu thc nim trc ny v thc nim sau khi
khng c ngha ng khi, mi ni thc ny c nng
lc khai o cho thc kia, cn tm thc trong mt thn
c th ng khi, tc thc ny i thc kia l khc

loi, khc loi th ch lm Cu hu y ch lm sao m

lm Khai o y cho nhau c.
Nu chp nhn thc khc loi lm Khai o y, th
tm thc khng ng thi khi (v ng thi khi th
khng phi Khai o y) tc l ng vi ngha ca Tiu
tha d b chp tm khng ng sanh.
Li trong mt thn, cc thc ng khi nhiu t
(khi mt thc, khi hai, ba thc) khng nht nh. Nu
cho n lm ng v gin duyn cho nhau, thi sc cn
(v Bt tng ng hnh php v.v..) khc loi vi tm
cng u l ng v gin duyn nh vy, do tri li
Thnh ni : "ng v gin duyn ch c Tm Tm s
".
Nhng lun Nhip i tha ni : "Sc cng c
ng v gin duyn", y l li ni bung ra ot
li. Ngha l gi s nh Tiu tha cho sc tm trc sau
c ng v gin duyn, ni th l ot mt ngha nhn
duyn. Khng nh vy m ni "ng", th ch "ng"
ny thnh v dng. V nu bo "ng" khng phi l
ngn nhiu t tm, m ch biu th ng loi, th ni
ng loi lm ng v gin duyn l tri iu ng (Tiu
tha) chp thc khc loi lm ng v gin duyn.
Th nn bit tm thc u ch ly t loi lm
Khai o y, rt l ph hp vi gio v l. V t loi
tc khng c ngha ng khi. Khai o y ca Tm
s, do ty theo ni mi thc Tm vng m n
tng ng ni.
Tuy Tm, Tm s khc loi ng sanh, nhng
tng ng ln nhau, ha hp tung nh mt, quyt nh
ng sanh ng dit v s th, nghip dng cng ng.
Mt thc khai o th cc thc khc cng khai o
(nh Xc tm s cng sanh vi nhn thc th cc Tm
s Th, Tng, T cng tip sanh theo), cho nn ln
lt lm ng v gin duyn cho nhau. Cn cc thc
Tm vng thng vi nhau th khng c ngha khai o
nh vy, khng nn em Tm s ra lm nh l. Nhng

cc Tm s chng phi l Khai o y, (m ch l ng

v gin duyn), v n khng c t ch vi vic dn sanh
ra ci khc).
- Nu ng v gin duyn ca Tm, Tm s ch
u do tm t loi, th khi thc th by, thc th tm
mi bt u chuyn y, cc Tm s tn v.v... tng ng
vi n s thiu mt ci duyn t loi ng v gin
Thc th by, tm khi cha chuyn y th khng c
mi mt thin Tm s tng ng. khi chuyn y th c
mi mt thin tng ng, nu phi tm s loi lm
ng v gin duyn, th mi mt thin ny khi
thiu ci duyn ng v gin (v khi cha chuyn y n
cha c) v s tri li Thnh ni : "Cc Tm, Tm s
u bn duyn mi sanh khi".
Khi a v v tm, ng m v cht ngt v.v...,
thc tuy on m lc sau li khi th Khai o y ca n
chnh l t loi thi gian trc . T loi nm thc
nn cng bit th. Khng c tm khc loi xen vo lm
cch on gia nn gi l v gin. Khi thc nim
trc va dit l lm Khai o y cho thc nim sau,
cn g phi do thc khc loi mi lm khai o ?
Nhng trong Thnh gio hoc ni su thc trc
dn khi ln nhau, hoc thc th by, thc th tm
nng ni thc th su, thc th by m sanh khi, ni
th l y theo Tng thng duyn th thng m ni, ch
khng phi ni ng v gin duyn cho nn khng tri
nhau.
Lun Du-gi ni : Nu thc nim trc khng
gin on th cc thc nim sau nht nh sanh khi,
nn thc nim trc l ng v gin duyn cho thc
nim sau.
Li su thc nim trc lm ng v gin duyn
cho su thc nim sau, thit nh gi l cn. Cu ny
li tng m bit, cng khng tri nhau. Th nn bit

thc t loi nng nhau lm Khai o y, l iu rt

hp gio l.
- Lun cc ngha bn l nh vy xong, by gi
nn bit lun v ngha chnh ca thc Mt-na ny. Thc
Mt-na nng bin th hai ny tuy ba ch nng, nhng
ch nng kia chuyn trong bi tng l ch hin th
hai th nng u, l nhn duyn Chng t y v cn Cu
hu y. Ngha l hin th s y v s duyn ca thc Mt-na
ny u l thc th tm. Li hai th nng u i vi
thc Mt-na c tc dng th thng. Hoc Khai o y l th
d hiu r .(25)
- Nh vy ni s y ca thc th by, cn s
duyn ca n th no ?
Tc nh tng ni ch duyn kia. Kia chnh l
thc th tm ca Mt-na nng nh va ni. Thnh
gio ni : "Thc Mt-na duyn Tng thc kia", (C bn
thuyt) :
1. C ngi cho rng thc Mt-na ny duyn thc
th th tm v nm Tm s tng ng vi n. Cn
Lun ni Mt-na hng tng ng ng v ng s. Ngha
l Mt-na duyn th t th thc th tm v Tm s
tng ng vi n, ri tun t chp lm ng v ng
s. Nhng cc Tm s khng ri thc, nh ni ch
Duy thc l trong gm c tm s, khng tri
vi Thnh gio.
2. C ngi cho li ni trn khng ng l, v
trong Thnh gio khng c ch no ni Mt-na duyn
xc Tm s v.v... ca bt thc c. Nn ni Mt-na
ch duyn Kin phn v Tng phn ca thc th tm
ri ln lt chp lm ng v ng s. V Kin v
Tng u ly thc lm th. Ni th khng tri vi
Thnh gio.
3. C ngi cho ni nh va ri khng ng l, v
Tng phn nm cn, nm cnh khng phi thc un,
nu Mt-na duyn n th cng ging nh nm thc,

cng duyn cnh bn ngoi, v c th nh thc duyn

cnh chung th c th khi sanh ci V sc khng c sc
duyn l khng chp ng s. V do nhm chn sc
m sanh ci V sc, nn khng cn bin ra sc. Vy
nn ni Mt-na ch duyn Tng thc v chng t ca
n, ri ln lt chp lm ng v ng s. V chng
t chnh l cng nng ca Tng thc, khng c vt tht,
nn khng tri vi Thnh gio.
4. C ngi li ni cc thuyt trn u khng ng
l. V chng t sc v.v... khng phi thc un. V lun
ni chng t l tht c, nu nh chng t l gi th nh
khng c, khng c th n khng phi l nhn duyn
sanh ra php. Li Tt-ca-gia kin tng ng vi Mtna, nhm vn mt loi, hng tng tc sanh khi, u
c chp ng v ng s ring bit nhau, v khng c
ngha cng trong mt tm m khi ln chp c hai cnh
on v thng khc nhau, cng chp mt ln. Cng
khng th ni hai chp on v thng c trc sau,
v thc th by t v th li, nht v hng thng sanh
khi (khng phn trc sau).
- Nn bit Mt-na ch duyn hin hnh Kin phn
ca Tng thc ch khng duyn g khc, v Tng thc
t v th li mt loi tng tc t thng t mt v
thng lm ch nng cho cc php. Mt-na ch chp
hin hnh Kin phn kia lm t ni ng, nhng tha
ng th m ni lun ch "ng s"; hoc Mt-na chp
thc th tm l ci ta ca ta (tc ly nng chp lm
ta, b chp lm ca ta - ng s), cho nn cng trong mt
chp kin m ngha c hai. Ni nh th l kho thun
vi gio l, v nhiu ni ch ni c : "Ng kin", v ng
v ng s chp khng cng khi ln mt ln.
Khi a v cha chuyn y th Mt-na ch duyn
Kin phn ca Tng thc, nhng khi chuyn y, n
cng duyn chn nh v cc php khc.
Cn nh bnh ng tnh tr l v chng c mi
th tnh bnh ng cho nn bit c thng kin gii sai

bit ca cc hu tnh m th hin cc nh tng Pht.

Nhng trong Tng y ct ch ni khi cha chuyn y,
cho nn ch ni Mt-na duyn Tng thc, v khi ng khi
m c thng vo cuc, l l nh vy ; v cnh gii ca
ng l v ng, cnh gii ca m l ng chp, bn cng
khp, bn khng cng khp khc nhau.
- Ti sao Mt-na li duyn ch ca chnh n
nng, ni cch khc ti sao s duyn ca Mt-na cng
chnh l s y ca Mt-na ?
Nh ni thc nim sau duyn thc nim trc,
l iu c cng nhn, th y c li g ?
- Tng ni T lng lm tnh tng l hin th
c t tnh v hnh tng ca thc Mt-na. Mt-na ly
t lng lm t tnh, cng ly t lng lm hnh
tng. Do hai ngha m lp ring tn Mt-na hay .
V thm l t lng nn gi l Mt-na. Khi a v
cha chuyn y, n c thng thm t lng tng ng
chp ; cn khi a v chuyn y, n cng hng thm t
lng tng v ng. (T lng ng l phi lng, t
lng v ng l hin lng, t lng ng).(26)
- Thc Mt-na ny c my Tm s tng ng ?
Mt-na thng tng ng vi bn th phin
no.Trong bi tng ni ch cu l hin th ngha
tng ng. ngha l t v th li cho n lc cha c
chuyn y th Mt-na ny nhm vn hng duyn Tng
thc v tng ng vi bn Cn bn phin no l ng si,
ng kin, ng mn, ng i.
Ng si l v minh, ngu tng ng, m l v ng,
cho nn gi l ng si.
Ng kin l chp ng. i vi ci khng phi ng
v php, vng chp l ng, cho nn gi l ng kin.
Ng mn l kiu ngo th ci ng ca mnh chp,
lm cho tm ct cao ln, cho nn gi l ng mn.

Ng i l ng tham, tc i vi ci ng chp,
sanh tm m trc n, cho nn gi l ng i.
Trong bi tng c ch Tinh (v), l biu th h
c ng mn, ng i th c ng kin cng khi, c ng
kin, ng mn l c ng i cng khi. l nhm ngn
cc b phi chp bn th ny khng tng ng nhau.
Bn th phin no ny thng khi ln lm nhiu
trt ni tm, khin cho su chuyn thc ngoi tr nn
tp nhim. Loi hu tnh do m phi sanh t lun
hi, khng th thot khi, cho nn gi l phin no.
Hi : Cn bn phin no c mi th (nm n s,
nm li s), vy thc ny ti sao ch tng ng vi bn
th ?
p : V c ng kin, th cc kin khc nh bin
kin, t kin, kin th, gii cm th khng sanh ; v
khng khi no trong ni tm m c hai Tu tm s
(Kin thuc tu Tm s).
Hi : Ti sao thc ny phi c ng kin ?
p : V t kin, kin th, gii cm th ch do
phn bit sanh, ch b on tr khi kin o, cn bn
phin no tng ng vi Mt-na ch l cu sanh v ch
c th b on tr khi tu o. (Th nn Mt-na khng c
hai th kin v t kin). Cn ng s v bin kin on
thng u nng ni ng kin sanh, m ng kin
tng ng vi Mt-na th khng nng ni ng s v
bin kin sanh, khng c ng s v bin kin thng
ngm ngm bn trong chp bt lm ng, cho nn
Mt-na phi c ng kin. Do ng kin c tnh thm xt

quyt nh nn Tm s nghi khng th khi ln. V i

trc ng nn Tm s sn khng sanh. Do Mt-na
tng ng vi phin no ch c bn.
Hi : Ng kin, ng mn, ng i, ba th lm sao
cng khi c ?
p : Hnh tng ba th y khng tri nhau, th
cng khi c li g u ?
Hi : Lun Du-gi ni : "Tham khin tm khim
h. Mn khin tm cao c", u phi khng tri nhau?
p : Phn bit v cu sanh, ngoi cnh v ni
cnh, b lng m v th, bn th bn t khc nhau. Cho
nn vn kia v vn y khng tri ngha nhau.
Tm s tng ng Mt-na ch c bn th ?
Khng vy, sao Tng ni v Tm s xc thy ? (C
nm thuyt).
1. C ngi cho cu tng trn c ni Tm s
tng ng vi Mt-na ch c chn, tc bn th trc kia
cng thm nm Bin hnh l xc, tc , th, tng, t.
V Mt-na quyt phi tng ng Bin hnh Tm s.
nhng v trc ni xc v.v... tng ng vi D thc
thc, (m D thc thc thuc v ph v k, nay nu ni
r Mt-na tng ng vi xc v.v...), th s lm cho
Mt-na cng thuc v ph v k nh thc D thc. V
mun ch r Mt-na ny v D thc kia khc, cho nn
trong bi tng ch D (khc) v ch cp (v).
Ngha l bn phin no trc v nm Bin hnh ny
hp li thnh chn hng tng ng vi Mt-na.
- Mt-na ny ti sao khng tng ng vi cc Tm
s khc ?
Khng tng ng, v "Dc" l hy vng cnh cha
toi hp, cn Mt-na ny th nhm vn duyn cnh

toi hp, khng c hy vng g, cho nn khng c Dc

tm s.
Thng gii tm s l n tn chp tr cnh cha tng
quyt nh, cn Mt-na ny t v th thng duyn
cnh quyt nh, tri qua s n tn chp tr, cho
nn n khng c thng gii.
Nim tm s l ghi nh vic tng tp qua, cn
Mt-na ny thng duyn cnh th dng hin ti khng
ghi nh g, cho nn n khng c nim.
nh tm s l buc tm chuyn ch vo mt cnh,
cn Mt-na ny nhm vn tng st-na duyn ring,
khng chuyn nht, cho nn n khng c nh.
Tu tm s l ng kin, cho nn khng ni tch
ring.
Thin tm s l thanh tnh, khng tng ng vi
Mt-na hu ph nhim.
Cn cc ty phin no l y ni phn v sai bit
trc sau ca phin no m kin lp, Mt-na ny th
thng cng bn phin no tng ng, trc sau mt
loi, phn v khng sai khc, cho nn mt-na khng
tng ng vi ty phin no.
tc tm s l truy hi nhng vic lm, cn
Mt-na ny th nhm vn thng duyn hin cnh,
khng truy hi vic trc, cho nn n khng c tc.
Thy min tm s l phi nng ni thn tm nng
n, hn mui v sc ca cc duyn bn ngoi m tm
thi khi ln ; cn Mt-na ny t v th ch mt loi
chp ng bn trong, khng cn duyn bn ngoi, cho
nn Mt-na khng c thy min.
Tm t tm s u da bn ngoi m sanh khi,
truy cu cn su, pht ngn th t ; cn M-na ny ch
da bn trong m khi, mt mc chp ng cho nn n
khng tng ng vi Tm t .
2. C ngi cho li gii thch trn v ngha ch
D (khc) trong cu Cp d xc ng (V Tm s

xc thy) trong bi Tng khng ng. V bi Tng

c ni ring Mt-na ny nhip thuc hu ph ch
khng phi v ph nh A-li-da, nhng li cn thiu
ni Mt-na tng ng vi ty phin no, nn Tng ni
ch D . V phin no tt phi tng ng vi Ty
phin no, cho nn bi Tng ni ch D (khc) l
ch r cho Ty phin no.
Trong y c ngi cho rng Ty phin no bin
khp tng ng vi tt c nhim tm. Nh trong Tp
Lun ni : Hn trm, tro c, bt tn, gii i, phng dt
thng tng ng vi tt c phm loi nhim. Nu ri
tnh khng kham nhm ca hn trm v.v... m thnh
tnh nhim, th khng th c l . Khi phin no
khi, l tm nhim, phi c nm Ty phin no
kia. V nu phin no khi khi ln tt phi do tnh
khng kham nhm ca hn trm, huyn ng ca tro
c, bt tn, gii i, phng dt m c. Tro c tm s
tuy bin khp tt c nhim tm nhng khi a v c
tham th n mnh hn, nn ch ni tro c thuc phn
tham (ng i). Cng nh thy min v hi, tuy bin
khp ba tnh, nhng a v Si th n mnh hn, nn
ch ni hi, min thuc vo si phn (ng si).
Tuy cc ch khc ni c Ty phin no hoc su,
hoc mi th, bin khp cc nhim tm, nhng
u nng theo ngha ring m ni bin khp, ch
khng phi tht bin khp tt c nhim tm. Ngha l y
c trong hai mi Ty phin no thy c su Ty phin
no c hnh tng r rt thng c a v th v t, thng
c hai tnh v k v bt thin, chng ngi c nh v
tu cho nn ni su. V y c trong hai mi hai Ty
phin no thy c mi th c hnh tng r rt thng
c hai tnh th v t nn ni mi. Cho nn y v trn
kia ni khng tri nhau.
- Nhng Tm s tng ng vi Mt-na c mi
lm l ng si, ng kin, ng mn, ng i, nm Bin
hnh, tu trong Bit cnh v nm Ty phin no l hn

trm, tro c, bt tn, gii i, phng dt. Ng kin tuy

l tu trong Bit cnh nhng trong nm mi mt
Tm s ngha n c sai khc, nn tch lm hai.
- V sao Mt-na ny khng c cc tm s khc ? V
mi Tiu ty phin no nh phn v.v... hnh tng th
ng, cn thc Mt-na thm xt vi t, nn khng tng
ng. V tm, v qu ch l bt thin, Mt-na ch l v
k, nn khng tng ng... tn lon khin tm dong
rui ngoi cnh, Mt-na thng chp mt loi cnh bn
trong, khng dong rui bn ngoi, nn khng tng
ng. Bt chnh tri th khi thn, ng, hnh tng ra
bn ngoi, tri vt quy tc, Mt-na ch chp bn trong,
nn khng tng ng. Khng c cc Tm s khc,
ngha nh trc ni :
3. C ngi cho rng : "Nn ni su Ty phin no
tng ng khp tt c nhim tm", v Lun Du-gi ni :
"Su Ty phin no l bt tn, gii i, phng dt, vng
nim, tn lon, c tu tng ng vi tt c nhim tm
Vng nim, tn lan, c tu nu khng c, th tm
khng khi ln cc phin no ; v phi nng theo cc
chng loi cnh gii tng tip th ri mi pht khi
vng nim (khng nh) v chn la sai quy (c tu)
ri mi khi ln cc phin no tham, sn v.v... thng c
hai tnh l bt thin v hu ph. Vn Du-gi cn ni :
"Mi Ty phin no bin khp", ngha nh trc
ni .
- Nhng Mt-na ny tng ng vi mi chn Tm
s, l bn phin no cn bn, nm Bin hnh, su
ty phin no, thm nim, nh, tu v hn trm. y
ring nim, c gii thch nh tu trc kia. y
thm nh v Mt-na chuyn ch ni mt loi cnh chp
ng cha bao gi b. Thm hn trm, v Mt-na tng
ng vi v minh rt nng, nn tm hn trm. khng c
tro c v tri vi Mt-na, khng tng ng cc Tm
s khc, nn bit nh trn gii.

4. C ngi li cho rng : "Mi Ty phin no

tng ng khp tt c nhim tm", nh Lun Du-gi
ni : "Phng dt, tro c, hn trm, bt tn, gii i, t
dc, t thng gii, t nim, tn lan, bt chnh tri",
mi th ny khi ln tt c nhim tm, khp tt c
ch, rng buc ba ci ; v nu khi khng c t dc, t
thng gii, th tm chc khng khi cc phin no. V
phi i vi cnh tip xc mun th vui khi hp vi
cnh hoc khi la cnh, c s tng n tn chp tr, mi
khi ln cc phin no tham v.v...
Cc ngi nghi ng v l th i vi s tng nh
sc t khng do d, cho nn tm tng ng vi nghi
cng c thng gii. Cn ngi i vi s cnh duyn
m do d nh nghi hnh ngi ra c th, ci nghi ny
khng phi phin no. Cc ni khc khng ni hai th
t dc, t thng gii ny bin khp nhim tm, v t dc
khi duyn theo cnh khng a v t thng gii khi c
nghi tng ng vi tm th t dc, t thng gii
khng phi phin no th thin.
Cc Tm s khc c hoc khng tng ng vi
Mt-na, ngha nh trc ni.
Vy Tm s ca Mt-na ny c hai mi bn th:
l chn php, mi ty phin no, thm nm Bit
cnh. Chun theo l trc y gii thch, khng c
cc tm s khc, ni nh trn nn bit.
5. C ngi cho rng : "Nhng thuyt trn u
cha rt ro . V, nh nghi i sau c hay khng c,
th i vi s ny u c tng dc, tng thng gii
g. Khi phin no khi ln, nu khng c hn trm th
khng chc c tnh khng tham nhm. Nu khng tro
c th khng chc c tnh huyn ng, bn nh thin
tm, ch khng phi a v nhim. Nu trong nhim
tm khng c tn lon th khng dong rui, khng
phi nhim tm. Nu khng c tht nim v bt
chnh tri th lm sao c phin no khi ln trc
mt. Cho nn bit tm nhim quyt nh phi c tm

ty phin no tng ng l hn trm, tro c, bt tn,

gii i, phng dt, tht nim, tn lan, bt chnh tri.
Tht nim v bt chnh tri nu ly nim v tu lm tnh
th n khng bin khp nhim tm, v khng phi
nhim tm no cng duyn theo vic tip xc v la
chn. Nu ly v minh lm tnh th mi bin khp cc
nhim tm. Do trc ni nh vy.
- Vy Mt-na ny tht s tng ng vi mi tm
Tm s, l nh trc nu chn php, tm Ty
phin no, cng thm tu trong Bit cnh. Mt-na
khng c cc Tm s khc v bi vn trong Lun,
chun theo trc y m gii thch.
Ni nh th, khng tri vi gio l .(27).
(Ht cun bn theo bn Hn)
- Nhim (thc Mt-na) ny tng ng vi
th no ?
C ba thuyt :
1. C ngi cho rng n ch tng ng vi h th;
v n hng m thm chp ng bn trong sanh a thch.
2. C ngi bo khng phi vy ; v nu phi chp
nhn h th cho n ci tri Hu nh vn c tng
ng vi Mt-na, l tri vi li Thnh (Thnh gio ni
thc Mt-na c ba ci m h th th ch c ngang
Nh thin). Nn ni Mt-na ny tng ng vi bn th.
Ngha l khi sanh ci c th n tng ng vi u th, v
duyn vi qu bo kh do nghip bt thin dn sanh.
Khi sanh ci Ngi, ci tri Dc gii, S thin, Nh
thin th tng ng vi h th, v duyn vi ci c h l
qu bo ca thin nghip. Khi sanh Tam thin th
tng ng vi lc th, v duyn vi ci c lc, l qu
bo ca thin nghip. Khi sanh T thin cho n ci
Hu nh th tng ng vi x th, v duyn vi ci
ch c x l qu bo ca thin nghip .

3. C ngi cho thuyt trn khng ng ; v Mtna t v th li, nhm vn mt loi duyn Tng thc bn
trong m chp ng, hng khng chuyn dch, nn khng
tng ng vi cc th bin d kia. (Kh, lc th c thay
i gi l th bin d). Li Mt-na ny nu vi Tng
thc c ngha g khc th lun u c ni ring, vy
nu n tng ng vi bn th th lun cng nn ni
ring. Nay lun khng ni ring, th quyt nh Mtna ng vi Tng thc ch tng ng vi x th. Cho
nn bit tng ng vi Mt-na ch c x th.
- Khi a v cha chuyn y th n tng ng vi
Tm s nh trn kia ni, cn khi a v chuyn
y th n ch c 21 Tm s cng vi n khi ln, l
nm Bin hnh, nm Bit cnh v 11 thin, v ging
nh bt thc khi a v chuyn y th ch c x th
cng khi, v Mt-na nhm vn sanh khi v thng
khi tnh bnh ng i vi cnh s duyn.
- Mt-na v Tm s ca n nhip thuc v tnh
g ?
- Nhip vo tnh hu ph v k. V Mt-na tng
ng vi bn phin no l php nhim, hay lm
chng ngi Thnh o, che lp t tm, nn gi l hu
ph ; v v n khng phi thin hay bt thin, nn gi l
v k. Ging nh cc phin no hai ci Sc v V sc
b nh lc nhip phc n tng (khng khi hin hnh)
nn nhip thuc vo tnh v k, v nhng nhim php
hin hnh tng ng vi thc Mt-na do Mt-na l ch
nng ca n rt vi t, nhm vn sanh khi (cu sanh)
nn n cng thuc v k nh Mt-na. Nu khi n
chuyn y, th ch c thin tnh.
- Mat-na v Tm s ca n h thuc vo a no
trong chn a ?

- Ty bt thc sanh a no th n h thuc

a y, nh bt thc sanh ci Dc (S a) th hin
hnh Mt-na v Tm s tng ng vi n h thuc vo
ci Dc, cho n khi bt thc sanh ci Hu nh,
nn bit cng th. V Mt-na nhm vn hng duyn
Tng thc t a (chnh ni hin sanh n) m chp
Tng thc lm ni ng, ch khng duyn Tng thc
tha a (ni a khc) m chp lm ni ng, nu khi
D thc Tng thc sanh vo tha a, khi D thc Tng
thc hin tin a kia, th gi l sanh a kia.
Nhim Mt-na cng duyn Tng thc a kia m
chp ng, tc h thuc a kia, gi l "B s h";
hoc b h thuc theo cc phin no a kia, nn cng
gi l B s h. Nu chuyn y, tc khng cn h
thuc .(28).
- Mt-na nhim ny tng tc t v th, n
a v no th dt hn ? Hoc tm dt ?
- a v A-la-hn, Dit tn nh v Xut th o
th n khng c.
A-la-hn y ch cho qu v V hc trong Tam
tha. a v ny c chng t ln hin hnh nhim
u dt hn, cho nn ni khng c. Hoc trong a
v Hu hc, khi nhp Dit nh v xut th o (khi
qun v ng) u c th tm thi bp v on dit
nhim , cho nn cng ni khng c. Ngha l
nhim t v th li, vi t, mt loi nhm vn sanh
khi (cu sanh) dng cc hu lu o (khng qun st
v ng) khng th bp v on dt, phi nh Thnh

o (qun hai khng) ca ba tha mi c kh nng

bp v on dt.
Tr cn bn liu gii v chn v ng (xut th v
lu o) l tri nghch vi ng chp. Tip tr ng
lu ca tr chn v ng kia l hu c tr v lu, khi n
hin tin, cng lm tri nghch Mt-na nhim . C tr
chn v ng v tr hu c u l v lu, nn gi l xut
th o.
Li, Dit nh l ng lu ca Thnh o (do v
lu hu c tr m nhp nh dit tn), n rt tch tnh
nn Dit nh cng tm khng c nhim , song v
cha dt hn chng t cho nn khi ra khi Dit nh v
xut th o th n li hin hnh, cho n khi cha th
dt sch.
Nhng loi phin no tng ng vi nhim ny
l loi phin no cu sanh, chng phi do kin o on
tr. V n l nhim , nn cng chng phi thuc v phi
s on. Phin no ny rt vi t nn bao nhiu chng t
ca n cng vi phin no h h phm (ch phm 81 T
hoc) ca ci Hu nh, khi on th ng lc chng
on. V th lc n ngang nhau, phi khi Kim Cang d
nh hin tin th mi chng on chng t ny m
thnh A-la-hn ; cho nn a v V hc, vnh vin
khng cn khi nhim V .
Nu hng V hc Nh tha hi hng theo i
tha, t khi s pht tm B- cho n lc cha thnh
Pht, tuy h tht l B-tt nhng cng gi l A-lahn. V ba ngha : ng cng, V sanh, St tc bng
nhau nh A-la-hn, nn khng ni ring.
- Trong y c ngi cho rng Mt-na ch c phin
no chng, v Thnh gio u ni ba a v l A-lahn, Dit nh v Xut th o khng cn c Mt-na (v
khng cn phin no chng), li v ni bn hoc

thng tng ng v v Mt-na l ch nng tp nhim

cho thc th su.
- C ngi cho thuyt trn tri vi gio l, v kinh
ni ni a v xut th c Mt-na (c tnh Mt-na hng
t lng l v ng). V thc khi khng nhim cng
ging nh khi c nhim, u phi c ch nng cu
sanh ring (l Mt-na) mi c.
Lun ni : Tng thc quyt nh hng cng mt
thc cng khi , l thc Mt-na ; cn khi thc
khi ln thi c Tng thc vi hai thc cng khi, l
thc v Mt-na. Nu khi mt thc trong nm thc
khi ln, thi c Tng thc vi ba thc cng khi, l
mt trong nm thc, cng vi thc v Mt-na. Cho
n nu c nm thc ng khi ln thi c Tng thc
vi by thc cng khi, l nm thc cng thc v
Mt-na. Nu trong Dit nh khng c thc th by,
th by gi Tng thc ch khi mt mnh, khng c thc
khc cng khi, lin khng phi lun lun quyt nh
Tng thc c mt thc cng khi nh lun va ni. Khi
a v Thnh o ( thc qun v lu) nu khng c
Mt-na th by gi Tng thc ch cng khi vi mt
thc th su. Th lm sao lun c th ni nu khi
thc khi ln th by gi Tng thc quyt nh c hai
thc cng khi l thc v Mt-na thc.
Lun Hin Dng ni : Mt-na hng cng tng
ng bn phin no (l a v nhim) hoc lt ngc
hnh th cao c tng ng vi Mt-na th thnh hnh
bnh ng ( a v thanh tnh) . Cho nn bit Mt-na
c mt xuyn sut c nhim v khng nhim. Nu do
lun ny ni : " a v A-la-hn khng c nhim "
m bo khng c lun c thc th by, th cng nn do
Lun ny ni : " a v A-la-hn x b A-li-da l x
b lun c thc th tm". Nhng y khng th c
vic b A-li-da l b lun thc th tm, nh vy kia
lm sao li c vic b nhim l b lun thc th by
?

Li cc Lun ni : "Chuyn thc th by c tr

bnh ng". Tr ny cng nh cc tr : Thnh s tc,
Diu quan st, i vin cnh, chc chn phi c tnh
thc tng ng lm ch nng cho n (thc th by)
nu thc th by khng c th tr bnh ng kia cng
khng. V khng th la thc th by s y m c tr bnh
ng nng y vy. Khng th ni rng tr bnh ng y ch
ni su chuyn thc, v lun chp nhn tr bnh ng
tnh hng hnh ca ch Pht cng nh tr vin cnh
khng gin on.
Li a v V hc, nu khng c thc th by, th
thc th tm kia khng c Cu hu y. Nhng thc th
tm c Cu hu y ny nh cc thc khc.
Li nh khi cha chng B-c-gi-la v ng th
ng chp kia vn thng hng hin hnh, vy cng nn
khi cha chng php v ng th php ng chp kia vn
hng hnh. Mt-na ny nu trong ba v V hc, cha
chng nhn v ng, cha chng php v ng th khng
c, vy ng chp v php chp kia nng ni thc no
m c ? N khng th nng bt thc, v bt
thc khng c Tu tm s (m ng, php chp thuc
tu Tm s).
- Do hy nn tin ba a v l Nh tha thnh
o, Dit nh v V hc, thc th by ny vn hng
hnh, v cha chng c php v ng.
Li trong cc lun, ly nm ng php (l nm
thc ng c nm cn lm ch nng th thc th su
cng ng nh nm thc phi c ch nng) mi sanh
khi c chng minh c thc th by lm ch
nng cho thc th su. Lc Thnh o khi ln v
a v V hc, nu khng c thc th by thanh tnh
lm ch nng cho thc th su thanh tnh, th lp tn
lp nhn u b li. Hoc c th nm thc cng khng
c ch nng, nhng nm thc hng c ch nng,
th thc th su cng phi th.

Th cho nn quyt nh c Mt-na khng nhim

hng khi hin tin ba a v ni trn. Cn bi tng
ni : Mt-na kia ba a v khng c l ch da ni
Mt-na nhim m ni, v ba a v trn kia khng
cn Mt-na chp ng na. Cng ging nh ni bn
a v (ba V hc v ca Ba tha v Pht v) khng c
thc A-li-da, ch khng phi ni khng c thc th
tm.
- Mt-na ny sai bit c ba th :
1. Tng ng vi ng kin B-c-gi-la.
2. Tng ng vi Php ng kin.
3. Tng ng vi Bnh ng tnh tr.
Th nht : Mt-na tng ng ng kin, n tng
tc trong tt c loi D sanh, a v Nh tha Hu
hc, mt hng B-tt ang cn a v Tm hu lu
t Tht a tr li, cc a v thc Mt-na thng
duyn thc A-li-da khi ln ng kin B-c-gi-la
(tc nhn ng chp).
Th hai : Mt-na tng ng Php ng kin, n
tng tc trong tt c loi D sanh, Thanh vn, Duyn
gic, v mt hng B-tt cn a v m tr ca php
khng khng hin tin (tr thnh tu c do qun php
khng. Khi tr ny cha hin ra c, gi l khng hin
tin). cc a v ny thc Mt-na thng duyn thc
D thc m khi ln php chp.
Th ba : Mt-na tng ng Bnh ng tnh tr, n
tng tc trong tt c Nh Lai v B-tt a v kin
o v Tu o c tr qu php khng hin tin. cc
a v ny thc Mt-na thng duyn vi thc D thc
hoc V cu tnh thc m khi ln tr Bnh ng tnh.
- Khi a v c B-c-gi-la Ng kin khi ln
th cng c php ng kin hin tin. V ng chp chc
chn nng php chp m khi. Nh ang m v c
lm tng c th mi tng ra l ngi. Ng kin,
Php kin tuy tc dng khc nhau nhng khng tri

nhau, ng nng mt Tu tm s. V nh nhn thc,

th tuy l mt (d Tu tm s) nhng c nhiu tc dng
thy sc xanh, vng v.v... m khng tri nhau.
Nh tha Hu hc v khi c Thnh o hoc Dit
nh hin tin, B-tt n ng a v tu o v B-tt
tim ng sau khi t Nh tha Hu hc hi tm, nu c
c tr qu hin tin, do ng l sanh khng, th cc
a v ny, ch khi php chp, v y ng chp b
bp. Nh tha V hc v hi tm tim ng B-tt,
khi tr qu php khng khng hin tin, th cng ch
khi ln php chp, v y ng chp dt sch.
Cc B-tt t Bt a tr ln d n ng hay tim
ng, ng chp vnh vin khng cn hin hnh, hoc v
dt sch, hoc v bp. Nu khi tr qu php
khng hin tin th d Bt a tr ln, vn cn khi
php chp, v tr qu sanh khng v php chp khng
tri nhau. Nh Kh kinh ni : B-tt t Bt a tr ln,
tt c phin no khng cn hin hnh, ch c s tri
chng l ch nng ca ng chp th ang cn. S tri
chng y l hin hnh s tri ch khng phi chng t
s tri. Nu khng vy, cn chng t s tri th cng c
th ang cn chng t phin no.
Mt-na tng ng vi php chp i vi Nh tha
tuy gi l khng nhim, nhng i vi B-tt n vn
gi l nhim, v n lm chng ngi tr php khng
ca B-tt. Do cng gi Mt-na B-tt a l hu
ph v k. Cn i vi Nh tha th gi n l v ph v
k, v php chp khng chng ngi tr sanh khng
ca Nh tha.

Mt-na ny nhip vo D thc sanh, v t thc D

thc hng thi sanh khi, cho nn gi l D thc sanh,
m khng phi l D thc qu. Tn D Thc sanh ny
c dng ch chung tt c nhng Tm, Tm s khng
phi l chn D thc, cng nh danh t tng thng
duyn, l ch cho nhng g khng nhip vo Nhn
duyn, ng v gin duyn, S duyn duyn th thu
nhip c vo Tng thng duyn .(29)
- Lm sao bit thc th by ny c t th ring
ngoi nhn thc v.v... ?
Do Thnh gio v Chnh l lm nh lng m
bit. Ngha l c Bt-gi-phm (Pht) trong cc kinh
ni v tm, v thc vi ba ngha khc nhau. Tp
nhm v khi ln gi l tm, t lng gi l , liu bit
gi l thc. Ba ngha tuy chung c tm thc u c,
nhng ty mt tri hn m hin th khc nhau. Thc th
tm gi l tm, v n nhm tp chng t cc php v
khi ln cc php. Thc th by gi l , v n duyn
Tng thc hng thm t lng Tng thc m chp lm
ng. Cn su thc kia gi l thc, v n liu bit ring
theo su cnh th ng gin on khc nhau. Nh bi
tng trong kinh Nhp Lng Gi ni :
Tng thc gi l tm,
Tnh t lng gi ,
Liu bit tng cc cnh,
Chung gi l thc.
Li nhiu ni trong kinh i tha ni c thc th
by ring, cho nn y ni n c ring (khng phi
nh Tiu tha ni thc th su khi tri v qu kh th

gi l , ch khng c thc th by ring). Cc kinh

i tha l ch gio lng. Trc ni rng cho nn
y khng chng minh.
Trong kinh Gii Thot cng ni c ring thc th
by. Nh bi Tng ni :
Nhim thng c,
Cc hoc cng sanh dit,
Nu gii thot cc hoc,
Chng phi , s c.
Kinh kia t gii thch bi Tng rng : c nhim
t v th li, cng vi bn phin no hng cng sanh,
cng dit, l ng kin, ng i, ng mn v ng si. Khi
c o i tr, dt sch phin no th ny t c
gii thot. By gi phin no tng ng vi ny,
khng phi ch trong hin ti khng c, m cng khng
c lun trong qu kh v v lai. V qu kh, v lai l v
t tnh.
Cc Thnh gio nh th, cc b u c, s nhm
chn dng di, cho nn y khng thut ht . (30)
- Trn y dn Thnh gio, by gi s hin by
Chnh l. (C su l l : Hng hnh v minh, lm
duyn sanh thc, t lng gi , nh v tm sai khc,
tri V tng nhim, ba tnh nhim) :
1. Nh Kh Kinh ni : Bt cng v minh vi t
hng thng hin hnh, che lp ngha chn tht (ngha
chn tht tc l chn nh do hai khng hin l). Nu
khng c thc by ny th Bt cng v minh kia khng
c (v khng c ch nng). Ngha l hng D sanh
trong tt c phn v thin, c, v k hng khi ln bt
cng v minh m l, lm che lp ngha chn tht, che
mt tu ca bc Thnh, nh bi Tng ni :
Tm chn ngha sp sanh,
N thng lm chng ngi,
Cng i trong mi phn.
(Trong mi tm thin c v k),

Gi bt cng v minh.
Cho nn Kh kinh ni : "Loi D sanh thng
trong m di b v minh che m, say m buc tm
cha tng tnh gic". Nu ni a v D sanh c khi
tm khng khi v minh bt cng tc l tri vi ngha
kinh va ni. V nu cng a v loi D sanh m v
minh m l c lc hin hnh lc khng hin hnh, l
khng ng l.
Nu ni v minh bt cng ny da ni thc th su
th khng c. V v minh ny nu da thc th su
th n nh thc th su c gin on, v thc th su
nh v minh ny hng nhim. Nu chp nhn c Mtna th khng c li ny.
Nhim hng tng ng vi bn phin no
trong c v minh cng khi, sao ring v minh li
gi l bt cng? C ba kin :
a. C kin cho rng Mt-na tng ng vi ng
kin, ng mn, ng i, ba th ny khng phi l cn bn
phin no, ch ring v minh l cn bn phin no nn
gi l bt cng, th c li g ?
b. C kin cho rng kia ni l tri vi gio l; v
trong cc ty phin no thun ty khng h ni n
kin, mn, i l ty phin no, v ba th kin, mn, i
ny nhip thuc trong mi cn bn phin no. Ni ni
u ni nhim thng tng ng vi bn phin no,
nn ni trong bn th , v minh l ch, nn tuy n c
cng khi vi ba th kia cng c gi l v minh l
bt cng. T i v th thng hn m bn trong, cha
tng tnh gic u do c si (v minh) tng mnh hn.
Hi : Vy si ny cng khi vi kin, mn, i th
nn gi l tng ng ?
p : Nu khi khi ln m th no lm ch, th
cng gi n l bt cng nh v minh, cng khng li g.

c. C kin cho rng si ny gi l bt cng, v ch

thc Mt-na ny c, ch cc thc khc khng c, nh
mi tm php bt cng ca Pht.
Hi : Nu vy th nhng phin no ch tng ng
vi cc thc khc, trong thc Mt-na ny khng c
n, th cng gi phin no l bt cng hay sao ?
p : Khng, ch nng theo ngha th thng m
lp ln bt cng, ch khng phi theo ngha khng,
hoc c trong thc ny hoc trong thc kia m gi l
bt cng. Ngha l v minh tng ng vi thc th by,
t v th thng hin hnh lm chng ngi tr chng
chn ngha (tr chng chn nh). Tc dng y rt mnh
m cc thc khc khng c, cho nn ch ring v
minh thc Mt-na ny mi gi l bt cng.
Hi : vy th ba th kin, mn, i cng khi vi
n cng nn gi l bt cng ?
p : Khng, v v minh ny l ch, nn c
ring gi l bt cng. Hoc chp nhn ba th kia khi
lm ch cng c gi l bt cng, nay ch i vi cc
th si tng ng vi cc thc khc m ni si tng ng
vi Mt-na ny l bt cng v minh.
- Bt cng v minh tm c hai th :
a. Hng hnh bt cng v minh - cc thc kia
khng c, ch c thc Mt-na.
b. c hnh bt cng v minh- thc Mt-na ny
khng c, ch c thc th su.
Cho nn Lun Du-gi ni v minh c hai : nu n
cng tham, sn v.v... ng khi, gi l tng ng v
minh ; khng cng tham, sn v.v... ng khi, gi l
c hnh v minh. Nu l ch c hnh v minh th ch
do kin o on tr. Nh Kh kinh ni : "Bc Thnh
Hu hc dt hn bt cng (c hnh) v minh, nn
khng to nghip mi. Cn nu c hnh v minh m
khng phi ch th cng do tu o dt tr, v n cng

phn, hn v.v... tng ng th u thng do kin o tu

o on tr.
Hng hnh bt cng v minh (v minh thc th
by) th cc b phi Tiu tha khng c ; cn c
hnh bt cng v minh (v minh thc th su) th
c i, Tiu tha u c n.
2. Li Kh kinh ni : Nhn v sc lm duyn, pht
sanh nhn thc, rng ni cho n v php lm duyn
pht sanh thc . Nu khng c Mt-na, th ( v
php) kia khng c. Ngha l nh ng thc phi nhn,
nh cn v.v... lm cu hu y tng thng ring bit.
thc l nhip thuc trong su thc, th phi nn chp
nhn thc cn c s y nh vy, nhng nu Mt-na
khng c th s y ca thc kia u c. Khng th ni
sc (tm khi tht) lm ch nng cho thc, v
khng phi sc. thc nu nng sc th nh nm thc
(ch c t tnh phn bit) ch khng c hai th phn
bit l ty nim v k t. Cng khng th ni nm
thc khng c Cu hu y. Nm thc cng nm cn
cng lc sanh khi nh mm v bng (mm nng ht
ging m c, mm v ht ging cng lc c, nh nng
hnh m hin, nh v hnh cng c mt lc).
Li thc v cn phi cng duyn mt cnh, v nh
Tm, Tm s quyt nh cng khi.
- Do l l ny, phi cng nhn (cc thnh) thc
cng nh nhn thc v.v... phi c ch nng ring v
theo ch nng m t tn ch nng khng phi
nhip thuc ng v gin duyn m l Cu hu y Tng
thng duyn. V cng nhn (cc thnh) su thc, mi
thc u thuc mt cn.
3. Li Kh kinh ni : T lng gi l . Nu
khng c thc Mt-na ny th t lng kia khng c.
Ngha l nu khi thc hin tin, ng v gin
dit khng cn na, v qu kh, v lai l khng c, th
ci tc dng t lng kia chc khng thnh c, lm
sao kinh ni t lng gi l ? Nu cho l gi ni

th cng khng ng. Khng c s t lng chnh thc

th gi t lng nng vo u m c c. Nu bo
thc trc khi hin ti, tng c t lng nay tuy dit
cng gi l , nhng by gi gi l Thc ch u gi l
c.
- Cho nn bit ring c thc Mt-na th by hng
thm t lng, chnh danh l . Hoc nng ni thc
th by m gi lp ng v gin dit, tn l .
4. Li Kh kinh ni : V tng v Dit nh, nu
khng c nhim ny th hai nh ny khng khc nhau
.
Ngha l hai nh ny u dit su thc v cc Tm
s ca n. S tm th c dit thnh hai nh ging
nhau. Nu khng c vic nhim c mt trong tng
v nh v khng c mt trong Dit nh th hai nh c
g khc nhau ? Nu bo khi tu gia hnh nng ni
ba ci, chn a, thn cn hai bn khc nhau, nn hai
nh khc nhau th cng khng ng ; v chnh nguyn
nhn lm cho khc nhau ny l do c th Mt-na. Thc
Mt-na nu khng c th nguyn nhn lm cho hai nh
khc nhau kia cng khng c. Cho nn quyt nh phi
c ring Mt-na ny.
5. Li Kh kinh ni : Loi hu tnh ci tri V
tng sut trong mt i dt ht khng cn su thc
Tm, Tm s. Nu khng c thc Mt-na ny th loi
hu tnh kia c th l khng cn b nhim. Ngha l hu
tnh kia trong thi gian lu di khng c su chuyn thc,
nu cng khng c thc Mt-na ny th cu sanh ng chp
cng khng. Khng th ni no li c loi hu tnh c
mi iu rng buc, m trong mt i ca h hon ton
khng c ng chp. Nu ci tri kia khng c ng chp th
ging nh Nit-bn, lm sao h li b Thnh Hin ch
trch ?

- Nu chp ng chp ca tri V tng sau mt

na s bn kip mi dit, lc na hu bn kip mi c,
nn khng b li nh trn. Nu ni vy, th gia
khong trung gian di 499 kip m khng c ng chp
th nh Nit-bn, l c li.
- Nu ni qu kh v v lai c ng chp, nn khng
b li ? Nhng c qu kh v lai kia chng phi hin
ti chng phi hng nh Nit-bn, l c li. Thng th
ng nh khng c ng chp.
Li, qu D thc v tng s c khng, th hu
tnh nng c v tng bo cng khng. D thc v
tng l php Bt tng ng, n l gi lp, trc kia
bc ri.
Tng thc khng c th vic hun tp cng khng ;
cn ni cc php khc khng phi Tng thc m th
hun ( tr thnh D thc v tng), iu phi l,
bin ri.
Cho nn cn c ring thc Mt-na nhim hng
khi ng chp trong khi sanh tri V tng. Do
Thnh Hin ng ch bai tri V tng .
6. Li Kh kinh ni : Loi D sanh trong lc c
tm thin, nhim hoc v k, lun lun c mang theo
ng chp. Nu khng c thc Mt-na th ng chp y
khng c. Ngha l loi D sanh trong khi tm c ba
tnh thin, c, v k khi ln, tuy bn ngoi khi to
cc nghip m bn trong hng chp ng. Do chp ng
nn d su thc c khi ln vic b th v.v... cng
khng th vong tng. Nn lun Du-gi ni : Nhim
Mt-na l ch nng cho su thc, khi Mt-na nhim
cha dit th s buc rng ca Tng phn v Kin
phn trong su thc khng c gii thot. Khi Mt-na
nhim dit ri th buc rng ca cnh tng c gii
thot.. Ni s rng buc ca cnh tng l ni do
nhim m su thc i vi cnh tng khng th
nhn r n nh s huyn, chng phi c chng phi
khng, do m Kin phn v Tng phn c buc

cht nhau khng c t ti, cho nn gi l tng

phc. Y theo ngha ny c bi tng :
Nhim nh vy,
L ch nng ca thc.
ny khi cha dit,
Thc b buc kh thot.
Li trong lc tm thin hoc v ph v k, nu
khng c thc th by chp ng th tm thin v v k
khng phi l hu lu. V cc phin no tng ng
vi su thc trong t thn hu tnh khng cng khi ln
vi tm thin hoc v ph v k kia. Nu bo do duyn
phin no ca qu kh, v lai lm duyn tri buc m
thnh hu lu th l khng th c c, v khng th do
phin no ca ngi khc m lm cho ngi ny thnh
hu lu, cng nh khng th do ngi khc gii thot
m lm cho ngi ny thnh v lu.
Li khng th ni ngoi Tm, Tm s ring c ty
min l php bt tng ng hnh un tng tc khi
ln trong khi c tm thin v v ph v k, lm cho
tm thin v v ph v k tr thnh hu lu, v th ty
min khng tht c, iu c cc hnh.
Li cng khng th ni t chng t hu lu sanh ra
tm thin v v ph v k kia, cho nn tm thin v v
ph v k kia thnh hu lu. V hu lu l do Mt-na
chp ng, nu khng c Mt-na chp ng th chng t
ca tm thin v v ph v k kia trc khng c nhn
khin n thnh hu lu, nn cng khng phi do
chng t hu lu khin thin tm v v ph v k hin
hnh thnh hu lu c. V khng th bc Hu hc
tm v lu hin hnh, m v do cn chng t hu lu
trc m tm v lu hin hnh cng tr thnh hu
lu. Tuy hoc do phin no trong su thc dn khi ra

vic b th, nhng phin no ny qua mt khng cn

cng khi vi vic b th, cho nn phin no khng
phi l nhn chnh ca hu lu. V ch hu lu l
biu th vic b th vi lu cng sanh khi mt ln (
ni ch do Mt-na chp ng cng sanh vi vic b th
v.v... mi gi l hu lu).
Li nghip v k khng do phin no dn pht, ti
sao n li thnh hu lu ? ( ni v c Mt-na chp ng,
cho nn n thnh hu lu).
Nhng cc hu lu l do Mt-na chp ng cng vi
hin hnh phin no trong t thn, cng sanh cng dit,
lm tng ch cho nhau, mi thnh hu lu, do hun
thnh chng t php hu lu, sau hin khi ln,
l ngha ca hu lu. Ni loi D sanh vy, ni
hng Hu hc cng vy.
Hu lu hng V hc (V hc cn D thc thc),
tuy khng phi cng khi vi thc th by hu lu,
nhng t chng t hu lu trc kia khi ln, cho nn
thnh hu lu. Nh vy th i vi l khng tri.
- Do c Mt-na hng khi chp ng mi lm cho
php thin v v ph v k thnh hu lu. Mt-na ny
nu khng th hu lu kia quyt khng c. Cho nn bit
ring c thc th by ny.
Chng minh c thc Mt-na, l l rt nhiu. y
theo cc ngha nhip thuc l i tha c thut su
, nhng ngi c tr nn theo tin hc.
- Nhng c kinh trong ch ni su thc, nn bit
kinh ni l theo phng din l ty chuyn. Hoc
theo ch nng l su cn m ni su thc. Nhng thc
loi ring bit tht c tm th (31)
XI. THC BIN HIN TH BA

Nh vy ni thc nng bin th hai. Thc

nng bin th ba, tng n th no ?
Tng ni :
Thc nng bin th ba,
Sai bit c su thc,
Tnh tng l bit cnh,
Thin, bt thin, v k.
Lun rng : "Tip theo thc t lng nng bin
th hai, nn hin r tng ca thc liu cnh nng bin.
Thc ny sai bit tm c su th, ty theo su cn,
su cnh, chng loi khc nhau, gi l nhn thc cho
n thc, ty theo cn m t tn.
Cn c nm ngha, l y cn, pht cn, thuc
cn, tr cn, nh cn gi l cn. Tuy su thc u
nng Mt-na m sanh khi, nhng thc th su theo
ch nng ring ca n l Mt-na m t tn l
thc, v nh nm thc, khng b li xen lm. Hoc n
ch nng ni cho nn gi l thc. y l bin bit
su thc nng su cn m t tn, cn tm th tm,
th by th khng theo l ny.
Hoc gi l sc thc cho n php thc, l theo
cnh t tn thun vi thc. Ngha l i vi su cnh,
liu bit gi l thc. Nm thc l sc thc, thanh thc
v.v... th ch liu bit sc cnh, thanh cnh v.v..., cn
php thc th liu bit khp tt c php. Hoc v thc
liu bit php, nn gi l Php thc. Cho nn tn gi
su thc, khng b li xen lm. Trc l theo cn m
t tn su thc, cn sau y l theo cnh m t tn
su thc, u l da ni nm sc cn khi cha c t
ti m ni. Nu khi c t ti th cc cn dng chung
ln nhau, mt cn pht sanh thc duyn c tt c
cnh, nhng vn ty theo cn m gi tn th khng c
li xen lm.
Lun Trang nghim ni : Nm cn ca c Nh
Lai, mi cn u duyn nm cnh. y l theo cnh

ng loi (tnh cnh) th hin (nm trn) m ni ( ni

nm trn th hin cch ngi m mt cn pht thc cn
duyn c c, hung php trn v hnh m khng
duyn c).
Kinh Pht a ni : Tr thnh s tc ca Pht
quyt trch c tm hnh sai bit ca hu tnh khi
ln ba nghip gio ha v bn th k p. Nu nm
cn ca Pht khng duyn cng khp th khng c kh
nng y.
- Nhng cn s y v cnh s duyn ca su chuyn
thc th hin d thy r, cho nn y khng ni.
Trc y theo ngha thun tin ni cn s y, cn
ngha ca cnh s duyn khi gp ngha thun tin s
ni.
- Cu tng th hai ni Tnh tng l bit cnh",
l hin th c t tnh v hnh tng ca su thc. Su
thc ly s liu bit cnh lm t tnh, cng li dng s
liu bit cnh lm hnh tng. Do , cu tng gii
thch chung c hai tn, v n liu bit cnh nn gi l
thc. Nh Kh kinh ni : "Nhn thc th no ? l
thc nng nhn cn liu bit cc sc. Ni rng cho n
thc th no ? l thc nng ni cn liu bit
cc php.
Kinh kia ch ni ch nng ring ca su thc vi
kin phn v cnh s duyn ca n, khi a v cha
chuyn y ; cn khi a v chuyn y th cn s y v
cnh s liu ca su thc chung thng nh trc ni.
- Su chuyn thc ny nhip thuc v tnh no?
Nhip thuc c ba tnh l thin, bt thin v cu
phi. Cu phi tc v k, chng phi thin v bt thin.
Kh nng lm cho thun vi l phi v c li ch
i ny, i sau th gi l thin ; cn lc qu ca n
ci Ngi, ci Tri, tuy thun l phi v c li ch i
ny nhng khng phi li ch i sau, nn khng gi l
thin. Kh nng lm tri l phi v tn hi i ny i

sau th gi l bt thin ; cn kh qu ca n ci c tuy

tri l phi v tn hi i ny, nhng khng phi tn hi
i sau, nn khng phi l bt thin. Lng chng gia
thin, bt thin, li ch v tn hi khng r rng, th gi
l v k.
Su chuyn thc ny nu tng ng vi mi mt
php nh Tn, Tm, Qu v.v... th nhip thuc tnh
thin, nu tng ng vi mi php nh V tm, V
qu v.v... l nhip thuc v tnh bt thin. Cn khng
tng ng vi c hai th trn l nhip thuc v tnh v
k.
- C kin cho rng ba tnh ca su thc khng
khi ng thi, v su thc ng chuyn hng ra bn
ngoi, ba tnh thng tri nhau ; v nm thc phi do
thc o dn, ng thi sanh khi, ng duyn theo
cnh, mi thnh thin hoc nhim. Nu chp nhn nm
thc c ba tnh cng hin hnh, vy thi lc by gi
ng cu thc cng phi thng c ba tnh, bn tri
chnh l. Cho nn quyt nh ba tnh khng cng khi
mt ln.
Nhng lun Du-gi v.v... ni Tng thc mt lc
cng vi cc chuyn thc tng ng c ba tnh m nht
thi khi ln", nht thi y l da theo ngha thc tri
qua nhiu nim m ni . Nh ni nht tm", khng
phi l ni ch trong mt ln sanh dit, nn khng c li
tri nhau.
- C kin cho rng su thc u c ba tnh, v
nm thc sut nh v ng lu hoc nhiu hoc t cng
khi ln. Li nm thc v thc tuy cng sanh khi,
nhng tnh thin, c khng hn ng nhau. Trn kia ct
nn ni : Nm thc phi do thc o dn", n y
tr thnh ung cng. Cho nn lun Du-gi ni nh
ngi nhp nh, khi gp duyn ca ting khnh m ra
nh, l nh thc vi thin thc khi c nh tng
ng cng khi ln, ch khng phi ch mt mnh thc
tng ng vi nh kia m c th tip nhn c ting

khnh . Nu khng c nh thc, th i vi m thanh

ny mt mnh thc khng lnh th c, khng th
xut nh cng khng phi khi tip nhn m thanh l
xut nh ngy. Sau khi lnh th m thanh ri, nu c
hy vng, sau mi xut nh.
Khi trong nh, nh thc sut nh nghe m thanh,
chng phi thin. V khi cha chuyn y, d tm sut
nh, tm y ch l v k.
Do chng minh ng cu thc khng nht nh
l ng tnh thin vi nm thc. Cc ch khc ch ni :
Ng cu thc cng duyn nm cnh nh nm thc,
nhng khng ni ng vi nhau.
Lun Tp Tp ni : Trong a v ng dn (nh)
khng c nm thc. l y theo a phn trong nh
m ni.
Nu trong nm thc c ba tnh ng khi, thc
theo nm thc chuyn ch v cnh no th thc
cng vi nm thc ng tnh . Cn khng chuyn
ch th l tnh v k. Cho nn bit su chuyn thc c
ba tnh (nh nhn thc duyn tng Pht, l thin,
nhn hoa m tham l bt thin tnh ).
Khi c a v t ti th ch nhip thuc v tnh
thin, v Pht sc (tng ho cng c), Pht tm (bn
tr) nhip v o (khng c bt thin), tr sch
chng t h lun (chng phi v k ) (32).
- Su thc tng ng vi bao nhiu Tm s ?
Tng rng :
y Tm s Bin hnh,
Bit cnh, Thin, Phin no,
Ty phin no, Bt nh,
u tng ng ba th.
Lun rng : Su chuyn thc ny chung cng
tng ng vi su v Tm s . l nm Bin hnh,

nm Bit cnh, mi mt thin, su cn bn phin no,

hai mi Ty phin no, bn Bt nh.
Thng nng tm khi, tng ng vi tm, h
thuc theo tm, cho nn gi l Tm s. Nh vt g
thuc ca ta, gi l ng s.
Tm i vi cnh s duyn ch nhn ly tng
chung, Tm s cn nhn ly tng ring, gip thnh
vic ca tm, nn c gi l Tm s. Nh thy tr th
v, thy lm m hnh, tr t mu sc. Cho nn lun Dugi ni : Thc c kh nng liu bit tng chung ca
s vt.
Tc c kh nng liu bit cc tng cha liu
bit ca thc Tm vng, tc c ngha cc Tm s
nhn bit tng ring.
Xc c kh nng liu bit cc tng kh v.v...
ca thc Tm vng.
Th c kh nng liu bit cc tng nhip th
ca thc Tm vng .
Tng c kh nng liu bit tng nhn ca ngn
thuyt (ngn thuyt nhn) ca thc Tm vng.
T c kh nng liu bit cc tng chnh nhn
ca thc Tm vng.
Cho nn tc , xc v.v... gi l Tm s php. Ch
l biu th Tm s cng duyn tng chung ca
Tm vng (ch khng phi ch duyn tng ring m
thi).
Ch khc li ni : "Dc" cng c kh nng liu
bit tng ca cc vic kh lc ca thc Tm vng.

Thng gii cng c kh nng liu bit tng ca

cc vic quyt nh ca thc Tm vng.
Nim cng c kh nng liu bit tng ca cc
vic tp quen ca thc Tm vng.
nh, tu cng c kh nng liu bit tng ca cc
vic c, tht ca thc Tm vng.
Do th mi c th i vi cnh khi ln cc Tm
s thin hoc nhim, v i vi cnh duyn cng u
nhn bit c tng ring.
Tuy cc Tm s c danh v ngha khng khc,
nhng theo chng loi sai bit chia lm su v l : Bin
hnh c nm, Bit cnh c nm, Thin c mi mt,
Phin no c su, Ty phin no c hai mi, Bt nh
c bn. Nh vy su v cng l 51 Tm s.
Trong tt c tm u c, nn gi l tm s Bin
hnh. Duyn ring mi cnh m sanh khi, nn gi l
tm s Bit cnh.
Ch trong thin tm mi c sanh khi, nn gi l
tm s Thin.
Tnh nhip thuc v phin no cn bn, nn gi l
tm s Phin no.
Ch l tnh ng lu ca phin no cn bn, nn
gi l tm s Ty phin no.
Thin hay nhim khng r rt nht nh, nn gi l
tm s Bt nh.
Nhng lun Du-gi hp su v li lm nm, v
Phin no v Ty phin no chung li u l nhim.
Li dng bn mn nht thit bin bit nm v
sai khc. Bn nht thit l nht thit tnh (thin, c, v
k), nht thit a (ba ci, chn a), nht thit thi (hu
tm v tm, hu lu v lu), nht thit cu (tm Tm
vng). Trong nm v, Bin hnh c bn nht thit.
Bit cnh ch c hai nht thit u. Thin ch c mt,
l nht thit a. Nhim th khng c bn nht thit. Bt

nh ch c mt, l nht thit tnh. Do nm v c

chng loi sai khc.
- Su chuyn thc ny thay i khng nh cho nn
c th tng ng vi c ba th. v su thc u c th
lnh th cnh thun, nghch v cu phi. Khi lnh np
tng ca cnh thun hp lm vui thch thn tm th gi
l lc th. Lnh np tng ca cnh tri nghch lm bc
bch thn tm th gi l kh th. Lnh np tng ca
cnh trung dung i vi thn tm khng kh khng vui,
th gi l bt kh, bt lc th.
ba th nh th hoc mi th chia hai : Th tng
ng vi nm thc, gi l thn th, v n nng ring
ni thn. Th tng ng vi thc, gi l tm th, v
n ch nng ni tm.
- Li ba th u thng c hu lu v lu. Kh th
cng do v lu khi (Khi tu v lu o tri qua gian
kh cng cm th kh).
Hoc ba th mi th chia lm ba : l kin s on
(th tng ng vi phn bit hoc), tu s on (th
tng ng vi cu sanh hoc), phi s on (th tng
ng vi v lu).
Li Hc, V hc v chng phi hai, l ba.
Hoc chung c ba th li chia lm bn tnh, l
tnh thin, bt thin, hu ph v k, v ph v k.
- C kin cho rng c ba th, mi th u chia
lm bn tnh. V Tham, Si tm s nhm vn cng vi
nm thc trc ng khi ln v phin no nhm vn
khi nhng khng pht c nghip ca trong ci thun
kh, l thuc tnh hu ph v k. V tnh hu ph v
k u tng ng vi kh th cn.
- Lun Du-gi ni : "Nu tt c phin no nhm
vn sanh th u c ba th hin hnh. Nu phin no
y thng vi su thc trc th n tng ng khp c ba
th trong tt c thc thn. Nu khng thng tt c thc
thn, th phin no y ch tng ng vi tt c ba th
cn ni a ( thc)".

Lun Tp Tp ni : Nu nhng phin no h

thuc Dc gii m nhm vn pht sanh ra c hnh, th
n cng l bt thin. Cn nhng phin no khng pht
sanh c hnh, th n l hu ph v k. Cho nn bit ba
th, kh, lc, x u c bn tnh thin, c, hu ph
v k, v ph v k.
Hoc chung c chia lm nm th l kh, lc, u,
h, x. Trong ba th kh, lc, x, ring kh v lc th
mi th li chia hai ; v tng vui, tng kh ni thn
v ni tm khc nhau, v do khng phn bit (x, lc)
c phn bit (u, kh) rt nng (kh, lc) v rt nh (u,
h) sai khc. Cn bt kh bt lc th khng chia hai v
khng c tng kh bc thn tm, tng vui thch thn
tm sai khc, v bnh ng v phn bit.
Nhng s cm th vui thch tng ng vi nm
thc, th thng gi l lc th ; cn tng ng vi
thc, nu l ci Dc, S thin, v Nh Thin cn phn
th gi l h, v ch l vui ti tm. Nu S Thin v
Nh Thin cn bn nh th gi l lc v h, v s vui
c thn v tm. Nu ti Tam Thin cn phn v
cn bn nh th gi l lc, v y s an tnh rt ln,
khng c phn bit.
Nhng s cm th bc bch tng ng vi nm
thc, thng c gi l kh ; cn nu tng ng vi
thc, c kin cho ch gi l u, v n ch bc bch
tm. V cc Thnh gio ni s th lo bun ca th gi
l u cn.
Lun Du-gi ni : Loi hu tnh sanh trong a
ngc, Thc D thc khng gin on, c D thc sanh,
c kh v u lin tc khng dt. Li ni : a ngc
c tm t u (tc s u ). Mt phn ng qu v
bng sanh cng th. Cho nn bit thc c ci th lo
bun rt nng, cn gi l u hung g cc s bc bch
nh khc.
C kin cho rng thc thng c hai th l u
v kh. trong loi Ngi, loi Tri th thng gi l

u, v s bc bch khng phi qu nng. loi bng

sanh, ng qu mi gi l u v kh, v mt ng tp
th, mt ng thun th c khinh c trng khc nhau.
trong Ni-lc-ca (a ngc) ch gi l kh, v
thun th kh rt nng, khng th phn bit c.
- Lun Du-gi ni : Nu tt c phin no nhm
vn sanh th c ba th kh, lc, x hin hnh. Ni
rng nh trc .
- Li ni phin no Tt-ca-gia kin cu sanh (thn
ng kin) ch c tnh hu ph v k. Bin chp kin
nn bit cng th. Nn tng ng vi kh th th ch
nhip v kh cn khng phi nhip v u cn, v Lun
ni u cn chng phi l v k.
- Li lun Du-gi ni : "Hu tnh trong a ngc c
cc cn, ngoi ra quyt nh khng thnh tu c
c ba th cn hin hnh. Trong ci ng qu, bng sanh
thun kh cng th. "Ba th cn ni y l lc, h, u
cn. V a ngc kia quyt chc c x th hin hnh,
khng phi ni khng c x th trong a ngc.
khng bit vn lun Du-gi kia ch ni c x th th
khng nn ni a ngc chc thnh tu cn, v Lun
chp nhn a ngc su thc kia c lc khng c.
Khng nn cho Lun kia ch ni c x th, m cn
ni chung c cc cn, v khng c nhn chi khc ch
ni c x th. Li nu Lun kia y ni x th m ni, th
ti sao cn ni a ngc nh thnh tu tm th cn ?
Nu bo nm thc trc khng tng tc nn
quyt nh ni u cn l cn th tm. Nhng a v
khi cht, khi sanh, v khi mun tuyt th u c u cn
?
C ngi cho kh cn l ch cn th tm, th cng
b ph ng nh y.
Gi s chp a ngc c mt hnh th (tc nam,
n cn) l cn th tm, cng khng ng l ; v thn
hnh a ngc bt nh ; v a ngc do c nghip
chiu cm, khng th c hnh (tc nam, n cn); v

do c nghip khin cho nm cn lun thng th kh.

Cho nn c nhn cn v.v... th n i vi mt hnh
th (tc nam, n cn) u c tc dng g. Khng th
no trong i a ngc V gin m c th c s mong
cu vic dm dc.
Do cn th tm ni y quyt nh ch cho x
cn, v tht, bt hai thc c x cn tng ng vy.
Nh ch rt vui, thc vui thch gi l lc, khng c
h cn. Cho nn ch rt kh nh a ngc, thc b
bc bch gi l kh, khng c u cn. Cho nn ni ch
ngoi ra cn ba cn l ch cho ba cn u, h, lc
(khng c a ngc).
- C ch khc ni : a ngc c ci vui ng
lu. Nn bit cu ni l y theo mt l ty chuyn
(chuyn l i tha m ni l Tiu tha) m ni. Hoc
kia ni chung v ch c s th kh vui ln ln. V
khng c D thc lc, gi l thun kh.
Nhng trong Thnh gio ni : "S cm th lo bun
thc gi l u cn", y l y theo a phn m ni,
hoc y theo mt l ty chuyn m ni, nn khng c li
tri nhau.
- Lun Du-gi ni : "Cc loi hu tnh sanh trong
a ngc, thc D thc khng gin on m c D thc
sanh vi s th kh, u tng tc khng dt. Li ni:
" a ngc c tm, t, u cng khi, mt phn ng
qu bng sanh cng th. y cng l y theo mt l ty
chuyn m ni . Li ni Kh cn tng ng vi
thc l cng mt loi u vi cc ci kia m gi ni
l u. Hoc kh cn kia tn hi Thn tm, nn tuy n
nhip thuc kh cn m cng gi l u. Nh h cn
phn nh v ch li cho thn tm nn tuy n l h cn
m cng gi l lc."
Lun Hin Dng u hin by ngha ny, nhng
"v ch a", quyt nh khng c lc cn. V ni
ch c 21 cn vy (ch khng c 22 cn l nhn, nh,
thit, thn, , kh, lc, u, h, x, nam cn, n cn,

mng cn, tn, tn, nim, nh, tu, v tri, ng tri, d

tri, c tri).
Do nn bit s cm th lo bun ni m ch
thun th kh, cng nhip v kh cn.
Nhng Thnh gio nh th c nhiu cch ni khc
nhau, s di dng nn khng thut ht.
- C kin cho rng su thc khng tng ng ba
th kh, lc, x. V n hng ra bn ngoi duyn cnh
hay chng tri nhau. Ng cu thc ng duyn mt
cnh vi nm thc trc. nm thc trc tng ng ba
th, th thc cng vy. Ni th l tri chnh l. Cho
nn su thc chc khng tng ng c ba th.
Lun Du-gi ni : "Tng thc mt lc cng vi
chuyn thc tng ng ba th cng sanh khi". y l
y theo nhiu nim m ni. Nh ni "nht tm" khng
phi l ch ni tm mt ln sanh dit, nn khng c li
tri nhau.
- C kin cho rng su thc tng ng vi ba
th. Trong ba cnh thun, nghch, trung dung u c
cm th.
- thc khng nht nh cng nm thc ng cm
th, khi n chuyn ch cnh no th ch cm th theo
cnh ; cn khng chuyn ch th khi x th. Do
su thc c ba th. Khi a v c t ti th ch c
lc, h, x, v cc c Pht dt ht vic u v kh.
- Trc lc nu su v Tm s, nay nn ni
r tng sai khc ca cc Tm s y.
Hai v tm s Bin hnh v Bit cnh u,
tng n th no ?
Tng rng :
Trc l Bin hnh : Xc v.v...
Tip l Bit cnh : Dc,
Thng gii, Nim, nh, Tu.
Cnh s duyn khng ng.

Lun rng : Trong su v Tm s, v u tin l

Bin hnh tm s tc l nm th xc, tc v.v... nh
trc ni rng.
Nn bit tng ca Bin hnh ny th no ? Do
gio v l lm nh lng bit.
Trong y v gio l, nh Kh kinh ni : "Nhn
v sc lm duyn sanh ra nhn thc. Ba th ha hp
li l "xc", cng sanh theo xc c "th", "tng", "t",
cho n ni rng.. Do xc y v.v... bin khp bn th
nn gi l Bin hnh.
Li Kh kinh ni : Nu cn khng h hoi v
cnh gii hin tin, ngay lc tc khi ln, mi sanh ra
thc. Cc Kinh khc li ni : "Nu li ni cnh
khi tc th chnh c s liu bit, nu cnh
c liu bit th chnh c tc . Cho nn hai th tc
v liu bit thng chung ha hp, cho n ni
rng.. Do tc cng l Bin hnh.
Nhng Thnh gio nh th, lm chng khng t.
Cn v l l, khi thc khi phi c ba s ha
hp, do ba ha hp quyt nh sanh ra Xc m ba
s ha hp li phi do xc mi c. Nu khng c xc
th Tm v Tm s php khng th ha hp ni mt
cnh.
Tc c kh nng dn tm khin i n cnh ca
chnh n. Nu khng c tc , th tm khng th c.
Th c kh nng lnh np cnh thun, nghch,
trung dung, khin tm khi ln tng vui, lo v x, v
khng khi no tm khi ln m li khng ty theo mt
tng no trong .
Tng c kh nng an lp phn hn ranh gii ca
t cnh, nu khi tm khi ln m khng c tng ny
th khng th nm c phn hn ranh gii ca cnh.
T c kh nng khin tm nm tng chnh nhn,
t nhn, to tc nghip thin c. khng khi no a v
c tm khi ln m khng theo mt nghip, cho nn
phi c T.

Do chng bit nm php xc, tc v.v..., h

tm khi ln l c n, nn gi n l Bin hnh. Ngoi
ra, khng phi Bin hnh, khi gp n ngha y s ni:
- Tip n, Bit cnh tm s l Dc... Tu. V
cnh s duyn ca n phn nhiu khng ging nhau,
nn trong su v tm s, n c ni tip theo v tm s
Bin hnh th nht.
Dc l th no ? L tnh hy vng i vi cnh vui,
v c nghip dng lm ch nng cho cn (sing
nng).
- C kin cho rng c vui l cnh ng a
thch, i vi vic ng a thch c hy vng mun thy
mun nghe.
Hi : i vi vic ng chn th ch mun n ng
hp li, hy vng n xa ra m ng hp li, l ring c
t th ca s hn thch hp li ch khng phi hy cu
vic ng chn m khi hy vng. Cho nn ni cnh
ng chn v cnh trung dung khng a, khng chn,
th ch mt b khng dc. Vy khi duyn vic ng a
thch, nu khng hy vng th cng khng c tm dc
khi hay sao ?
- C kin cho rng c vui l i vi cnh c s
cu mong. Vi vic ng thch th mong hp, vi vic
ng chn th mong la, u c s hy vng ; cn i vi
cnh trung dung th ch mt mc khng dc (khng
mong mun). Khi duyn vic ng a, ng chn, nu
khng mong cu, th cng khng c dc khi.
- C kin cho rng c vui l mun qun st
cnh. i vi vic nu mun qun st th c mong cu,
nu khng mun qun st, th c ty theo ni tnh th
ca cnh m nhm vn duyn, tc hon ton khng dc
(khng mong cu). Do l l y m Dc khng phi l
tm s Bin hnh.
- C thuyt cho rng phi do nng lc ca cnh hy
vng, cc Tm s mi tip nhn cnh. Cho nn Kinh

ni "Dc l gc cc php (nn Dc l tm s Bin

hnh).
- Kia ni th khng ng. Tm tip nhn cnh l
do tc , v cc Thnh gio ni : "Khi tc hin tin th
sanh ra cc thc", ch cha tng c ch no ni : Dc
sanh ra Tm, Tm s. Nh ni : "Dc l gc ca cc
php", l mun ni t Dc mi khi to cc s
nghip. Hoc ni thin dc th pht sanh chnh cn, do
gip thnh mi vic thin. Cho nn lun ni Dc
c cng dng lm ch nng cho Cn.
Thng gii l th no ? L tnh tin tng n tr i
vi cnh quyt nh, v c nghip dng khng th b
li ko lay chuyn. Ngha l do sc chng minh ca
gio l hoc t hoc chnh m i vi cnh nhn bit,
thm nh, quyt on, n tr, khng b duyn g khc
li ko lay chuyn. Cho nn nu i vi cnh ang do
d, th hon ton khng c thng gii. Tm khng thm
nh, quyt on th khng c thng gii. Do thng
gii khng nhip vo tm s Bin thnh.
- C thuyt cho rng khi Tm nm bt t cnh
khng cu chp chng ngi, th u c thng gii.
Kia ni phi l. V sao ? V khng lm chng ngi
chnh l cc php, khng b chng ngi chnh l
cc tm ; cn lm duyn tng thng cho Tm v Tm s
pht khi th l cn v tc . Nu do thng gii m
duyn tng thng pht khi, th thng gii li phi
i c ci duyn khc mi pht khi, bn mc phi li
v cng.
Nim l th no ? L tnh khin tm ghi nh r
rng khng qun i vi vic tng tp quen, v c
nghip dng lm ch nng cho nh. Ngha l thng
ghi nh vic tip th khng qun mt, nh dn
n nh. Cn i vi th loi cnh cha tng tip th
m khng th nh r th nim cng khng sanh. Cho
nn nim khng nhip vo tm s Bin hnh.
- C thuyt cho rng khi Tm khi ln l c nim

cng khi, lm nhn cho s ghi nh v sau. Ni th

khng ng. V khng th trc c si hoc tn v.v...
cng khi vi Tm lm nhn ri sau mi c si, tn.
Nhng do Tm, Tm s lc trc hoc do th lc ca
tng cng lm nhn cho s ghi nh lc sau.
nh l th no ? L tn i vi cnh s qun lm
cho tm chuyn ch khng tn lon v c nghip dng
lm ch nng cho tr. Ngha l qun cnh c, mt,
trung dung, nh nh khin tm chuyn ch vo cnh
khng tn lon. Nng ni bn c tr la chn
pht sanh. Ni tm chuyn ch l hin th tm mun
tr u th lin tr c, ch khng phi ch tr duy
nht mt cnh. Nu khng th, a v kin o qun
khp cc l ci trn ci di cnh trc sau khc
nhau, th khng th c ng tr (nh). Nu khng buc
tm chuyn ch vo cnh th nh khng khi c,
cho nn nh khng phi tm s Bin hnh.
- C thuyt cho rng, khi n khng buc tm
chuyn ch vo cnh cng c nh khi, ch v tng n
vi n kh thy (nn n l tm s Bin hnh). - Nn ni
li ng tht rng, nn bo nh c th khin cho Tm
v Tm s ha hp ng hng n mt cnh, m cho
l Bin hnh, cng khng ng l ; v khin Tm,
Tm s ha hp l tc dng ca xc. Cn nu bo nh
khin tm trong mt khonh khc st-na khng thay i
cnh duyn, nn n nhip thuc vo Bin hnh, cng
khng ng l ; v tm trong mt khonh khc st-na t n
khng thay i i vi cnh duyn (ch u phi do nh
m tm khng thay i). Cn nu ni do nh m tm nm
bt cnh s duyn, nn nh nhip v Bin hnh, cng
khng ng l ; v chnh tc mi khin tm bt cnh s
duyn, ch u phi nh Tm s.

- Li c thuyt cho rng th ca nh chnh l tm,

v kinh ni nh hc l tm hc ; li ni nh c tnh
khin tm chuyn nht ni mt cnh.
Dn kinh lm chng nh th khng ng ; v nh
nh nhip tm, khin tm chuyn nht mt cnh, nn ni
nh vy. nh nhip vo nm cn, nm lc, by gic chi,
tm o chi, nh nim, tu v.v... ch khng phi nh
chnh l tm.
Tu l th no ? L tnh gin bit la chn i vi
cnh qun st, v c nghip dng dt nghi. ngha l
qun cnh c, mt, trung dung, nh tu suy tm m i
n quyt nh. V trong khi i vi cnh khng phi
qun st th tm ngu mui khng gin trch suy tm,
cho nn tu khng nhip vo Bin hnh.
- C thuyt cho rng by gi trong tm, ngu mui
cng c tu sanh khi, ch v tng n vi n t nh mt
t vt rt nh b vo trong ci rt ln lm sao bit n
l c. V trong lun i Php ni : N l i a
php.
- Cc b lun i Php qua li ni mu thun
nhau, lm sao cc ng c chp lm nh lng ? Ch
c xc, tc thy nm th, kinh ni l Bin hnh thi ;
cn ni mi i a php th khng phi kinh ni, ch
nn c chp.
Nhng dc, thng gii v.v.. khng phi l xc, tc
v.v..., nn quyt khng phi l Bin hnh. Nh tm s
Tn, tm s Tham v.v... khng phi Bin hnh.
- C kin cho rng nm th dc, thng gii v.v...
gip ln nhau, ty khi mt th khi, l phi c bn th
kia.
- C kin cho n khng nht nh nh th. Lun
Du-gi ni: "Nm Tm s Bit cnh ny khng c hai
nht thit l nht thit thi, nht thit tm ca trong bn
th nht thit. (thm nht thit tnh, nht thit a
thnh bn).

- Li ni nm th Bit cnh ny duyn theo bn

cnh m sanh. V s duyn hay nng duyn, khng nht
nh cng khi, nn ni nm th y c khi ch khi ln
mt, ngha l i cnh ng vui, ch khi tm hy vng
(dc); hoc i vi cnh quyt nh, ch khi tm n
gii (thng gii); hoc i vi cnh tng tp quen ch
khi tm ghi nh (nim); hoc i vi cnh s qun ch
khi tm chuyn ch (nh). Ngha l loi ngu mui v
mun ngn tm tn lon, tuy c chuyn ch vo cnh s
duyn nhng khng th la chn suy tm. i u bit
hng ngi c nh m khng c tu. V hng kia
a v gia hnh c cht t nghe, suy ngh, cho nn ni
a v ng tr (nh) duyn cnh s qun. Hoc da a
phn nh tu cng c cho nn ni a v ng tr
duyn cnh s qun. Nh ci tri H vong (tri Dc
gii) chuyn ch vo mt cnh khi ln tm tham, sn,
l c nh m khng c tu, cc loi nh th rt
nhiu. Hoc i vi cnh s qun ch khi tm gin
trch ; ngha l ch dong rui tm cu, ch khng
chuyn ch ( ch c tu khng c nh).
Hoc c khi khi hai tm Bit cnh mt ln, l
khi i vi cnh ng a v cnh quyt nh, m khi
ln tm dc v tm thng gii. Hoc i vi cnh ng
a v cnh tng tp quen, m khi ln tm dc v nim.
C nh th cho n i vi cnh ng a m khi ln
tm nh v tu. Hip li c mi hai trng hp khi
hai tm Bit cnh.
Hoc c khi khi ln ba tm, l i vi cnh
ng a, quyt nh v tp quen, m khi ln tm dc,
thng gii v nim. Nh vy cho n i vi cnh tng
qun st khi ln tm nim, nh, tu. Hp li c mi
ba trng hp khi ba tm Bit cnh.

Hoc c khi khi ln bn tm, l i vi cnh

ng a, quyt nh, tp quen v qun st m khi ln
tm dc, thng gii, nim, nh. Nh vy cho n i
vi cnh quyt nh, tp quen v qun st m khi ln
bn tm dc, thng gii, nim, nh. Hp li c nm
trng hp mt lc khi ln bn tm.
- Hoc c khi khi nm tm, l khi i vi
cnh ng a, quyt nh, tp quen, qun st m khi
ln nm tm s Bit cnh.
Nh vy i vi bn trng hp khi ln nm tm
s Bit cnh tng bit hp li c ba mi mt trng
hp.
Hoc khi a v hu tm, c nm tm s Bit
cnh u khng khi. Nh lc khng phi bn cnh,
sut nh tm v nm Bit cnh tng ng vi Tng
thc. Loi ny khng phi mt.
- thc th by, th tm ,ty tng a v m hoc
c hoc khng nm tm s Bit cnh, nh trc ni.
Cn thc th su, cc a v u c , d khi
chuyn y hay cha chuyn y u khng ngn ngi.
- C kin cho rng nm thc khng c nm
Bit cnh. V nm thc duyn cnh c trc mt nn
khng c hy vng (dc). V n khng c kh nng thm
xt quyt nh, nn khng c n tr (thng gii). V n
hng duyn cnh mi nn khng c tm truy c (nim).
V t tnh n tn ng nn khng chuyn ch (nh). V
n khng c kh nng suy t, nn khng c la chn
(tu).
- C kin cho rng nm thc u c nm Bit
cnh. Tuy khng c hy vng nhiu i vi cnh nhng
c cnh vui vi t yu t. Tuy khng c s thm nh
mnh nhng c cnh n tr vi t yu t. Tuy khng nh
r cnh tng tp quen nhng c cnh ghi nh vi t
yu t. Tuy khng c tc buc nim vo mt cnh

nhng c s chuyn ch vi t yu t. V ngn ng dn

m ni tnh n tn ng, ch khng phi ngn ng tr.
Cho nn c c nh (Tam-ma-h-a dch ng dn,
Tam-ma-a dch ng tr. nh c nhp, tr, xut.
Nhp nh xut nh l ng dn, tr nh l ng tr).
Tuy i cnh s duyn khng th suy t nhng c s
chn la vi t yu t. Do Thnh gio ni : C nhn
thng, nh thng, l tr tu tng ng vi nhn thc,
nh thc, t, thit, thn ba th chun theo y, u c
tu l khng c li.
Khi a v cha t ti th nm Bit cnh hoc
khng c, khi c t ti, nm Bit cnh nht nh phi
c. V a qun cc cnh nn Dc tm s khng thiu.
V n tr cnh nn thng gii thng khng thiu. V
nh cnh tng tp quen nn nim khng thiu.
Li nm thc ca Pht duyn sut c ba i, v c
Nh Lai khng c tm bt nh, v nm thc u c tr
Thnh s tc s.
- Nm Bit cnh ny tng ng vi th no ?
- C kin cho rng tm s Dc c ba th tng
ng, tr th kh v u, v hai cnh kh v u khng
phi ng a (dc). Ngoi ra bn tm s kia thng c
bn th, tr kh th, v tnh thm nh, nm thc
khng c.
- C kin cho rng c nm tm s Bit cnh u
tng ng nm th. Lun ni : u cn (u th), i
vi V thng php m hm m (Dc tm s) lo su
cu (u) lm sao mau chng c. Cn ch thun th
kh (kh th) th hy cu (Dc tm s) c thot khi.
thc c kh th cn, th nh trc ni :
Lun ni : Khi tham i th c c u v kh tng
ng, tng ng vi tham i th chc chn c dc. Kh
th cn c tng ng vi thc, m thc tng

ng vi thng gii, nim, nh, tu tm s, vy ni kh

th cng tng ng vi thng gii, nim, nh, tu th
c li g ?
- Li nm Bit cnh tng ng vi nm thc, v
nm thc cng c s n tr, truy c, chuyn ch, gin
trch cnh mt cch vi t, nh trc ni.
Do bit dc, thng gii v.v... tng ng vi c nm
th.
Nm th tm s Bit cnh ny li cn c phn
bit theo cc mt ba tnh, ba ci, ba hc v.v..., nh l
nn suy ngha.
(Ht cun nm theo bn Hn)
ni hai tm s Bin hnh v Bit cnh, cn
tm s Thin tng n nh th no ?
Tng rng :
Thin l tn, tm, qu,
Ba thin cn : khng tham v.v...
Cn, an, bt phng dt,
Hnh x v bt hi.
Lun rng : Thc liu bit cnh ch cng khi vi
tm s Thin, nn gi l Thin tm s. l tn, tm
v.v... mi mt th.
Tn l th no ? Tnh ca lng tin l tm thanh
tnh, nhn chu su sc i vi Tht, vui thch su sc
i vi c, a mun (hy vng) su sc i vi Nng.
Nghip ca tn l i tr tm khng tin, vui thch cu
cc vic lnh.
Nhng Tn sai khc nhau lc c ba th :
1. Tin tht c - L i vi tht s (tc ) tht l
(chn ) ca cc php, tin su sc l tht c m ty
thun nhn chu theo.
2. Tin c c - L i vi Tam Bo y chn
tnh c, tin su sc m vui thch theo.

3.Tin c Nng - L i vi tt c iu thin ca

th v xut th gian, tin su sc n c nng lc, v mnh
c nng lc thc hnh theo l c th c qu bo vui
v s chng thnh Thnh o, m khi tm hy vng,
mong mun.
Do Tn nhm i tr tm khng tin ni Tht,
c, Nng kia, ng thi a thch chng tu iu thin
ca th v xut th gian.
Hi : Nhn chu tc l Thng gii (trong Bit
cnh), chnh l nhn ca Tn. Vui thch, a mun
tc l Dc (trong Bit cnh), chnh l qu ca Tn.
vy cha xc nh t tng ca Tn l th no !
p : H khng va ni Tn ly tm thanh tnh
lm t tnh sao ?
Hi : y cn cha r ngha ch tm thanh tnh
kia.
- Nu tnh tc l Tm (Tm vng) th tn khng
phi l Tm s (lm sao gi l tm s Tn). Cn nu ni
lm cho Tm vng c tnh m gi l Tn tm s, th
Tn c khc g tm s Tm, Qu (cng lm cho tm
thanh tnh) ? Nu ni c php tnh cng khi vi tm,
m gi l tm tnh, th cng nn vn nh th.
p : Tnh ca Tn l lng trong, c kh nng lm
tnh c Tm, Tm s. Nhng v Tm vng thng hn
Tm s nn ch ni : "tm tnh. (Ch khng ni Tm s
tnh). V nh ht ngc thanh thy tnh n vn trong li c
kh nng lm trong nc c. Tm, Qu v.v... tuy thin
nhng khng phi tnh vn thanh tnh ; cn tm s Tn th
tnh vn thanh tnh, nn khng c li xen lm vi Tm,
Qu v.v...
Li cc php nhim u c tng ring, nhng
ch c tm bt tn l c t tng hn trc, li lm hn
trc cc Tm, Tm s khc. Nh vt rt nhp, t nhp
li lm nhp ci khc. Tn ngc vi Bt tn, Tn ly
tnh lm tng.

- C kin cho rng Tn ly a vui lm tng. Ni

vy th c th thng c ba tnh, tc Tn thng tnh
thin, a thng tnh nhim, vui thng v k. V
thng ba tnh th th n chnh l dc trong Bit cnh
(cn Tn ch thng tnh thin). li c th Kh Tp ,
khng phi l s duyn ca Tn.
- C ngi cho Tn ly s ty thun lm tng.
- Ni vy th Tn nn thng ba tnh, m thng ba
tnh th chnh l thng gii v dc (ch khng phi
Tn). V nu n thun tc l thng gii trong Bit cnh.
Nu thun vui tc l dc trong Bit cnh, la hai th ny
th khng c tng ty thun.
- Do nn bit, tm tnh l Tn.
Tm l th no ? L tnh bit h vi mnh, do da
vo sc chnh mnh v gio php hc m sng trng
hin thin, n c nghip dng i tr tm khng bit h,
v ngng dt c hnh. Ngha l da ni chnh bn thn
v gio php mnh m bit tn qu, tng thng (mnh
m) i vi bn thn v gio php, do sng trng
ngi hin vic thin, xu h ti c khng dm lm
na, i tr tm khng bit h, dt cc c hnh.
Qu l th no ? L tnh bit thn vi ngi, da
vo sc th gian m khinh khi chng c iu bo c, n
c nghip dng i tr tm, khng bit thn, ngng dt
c hnh. Ngha l da ni s ch bai, khinh khi chng
c bo c ca th gian m bit thn, n c cng dng
i tr tm khng bit thn, ngng dt nghip c.
H v thn ti li, hai tng thng nhau ca hai
php Tm v Qu. Cho nn Thnh gio gi ni l t
th.
Nu chp h v thn hai tng khc nhau th Tm
v Qu ch c mt th, hai php mt th th quyt
khng tng ng nhau, v khng c hai th th v hai
th tng m c ngha cng tng ng nhau c. Nu
i c tng t lc mnh v tha lc th gian mi c hai
Tm v Qu ring, th Tm v Qu khng phi tht c,

bn tri vi Thnh gio. Nu chp nhn Tm v Qu c

tht nhng khi ring th tri vi lun ni mi th
bin khp thin tm (Lun ni mi mt Thin tm s,
trong khinh an khng bin khp cc thin tm, cn
mi th kia trong gm Tm v Qu, bin khp cc
thin tm. Nu cho Tm v Qu l mt, th cn li chn
th bin khp sao?). Sng trng v khinh khi chng c,
nu hai tng y khc nhau thi s duyn ca n phi
khc, c th khng cng sanh. Ni h v thn cng
sanh hay khc sanh u c li ging nhau, ti sao li
qu trch thin lch v li khc sanh ?
- Lun ch : Ai ni hai php c cnh s duyn
khc nhau ?
- Ngi khc ni : Khng vy, th nh th no ?
- Khi Thin tm khi ln, ty duyn cnh thin
hoc c u c s sng trng ngi thin vic thin v
khinh c ngi c vic c. Cho nn bit Tm v Qu
u bin khp thin tm, s duyn ng nhau.
- u phi ti khng ni n ngha Tm v Qu
hai tng thng nhau ?
- Chp Tm v Qu t tng ng nh ng, l
g c th ngn s thit nn trc cho c mi th
bin khp thin tm.
Nhng Thnh gio ni : "Nhn vo t, tha i i.
Vic ni mnh gi l t, th gian gi l tha. Hoc trong
sng thin i vi mnh c ch gi l t, chng c
i vi mnh khng tn gi l tha.
V tham thy l ch cho v sn, v si, ba th ny
gi l gc thin (thin cn) v n c kh nng sanh thin
mnh hn c v v gn nht th n i tr ba cn bt
thin.
V tham l th no ? l tnh khng tham m vo
ba ci (Hu) v cc hu c ca ba ci, cng dng ca
n l i tr tm tham m, a lm iu thin.

V sn l th no ? L tnh khng sn hn i vi
kh v nghip nhn ca kh (kh, kh c), cng dng
ca n l i tr sn hn, a lm thin.
Khi thin tm khi ln h duyn theo cnh g u
khng tham m, khng sn hn i vi hu hu c,
kh kh c. Hai thin cn v tham v sn ny ch qun
st ni hu v kh lp, ch khng phi i khi
duyn n hu v kh mi lp ; cng nh Tm v Qu
trc y, l do qun st theo cnh thin c m lp (tc
qun st s sng thin m lp Tm, qun ni s khinh
c m lp Qu). Cho nn hai th Tm s ny u bin
khp thin tm.
V si l th no ? L tnh minh gii i vi cc s
l. N c cng dng i tr ngu si, a lm lnh.
- C kin cho rng tu l tnh ca V si (da
tu m gi lp ra V si). Tp Lun ni V si ly s
quyt trch ca bo, gio, chng, tr, lm th, v cc tu
do sanh c (bo), do nghe (gio), do suy ngh (chng)
v do tu (tr), th lp nh th u c tnh quyt trch
(tu). V si tuy l tu nhng hin th n c cng
nng th thng hn tu, (V si l thun thin, ch tu
thng c thin v nhim) cng nh c kin trong nm
cn bn phin no (c kin thun c, ch tu th thng
c c, thin), cho nn ni ring ra.
- C kin cho rng V si khng phi chnh l tu,
m c t tnh ring, v n chnh thc i tr v minh,
cng nh v tham, v sn, nhip v ba thin cn. V
lun Du-gi ni : Tm i bi nhip v V sn, V si
ch khng phi nhip v tu cn (trong hai mi hai
cn). nu V si ly tu lm tnh, th tm i bi cng
nh mi lc, bn v y, nn nhip v tu cn (trong
hai mi hai cn).
Li nu V si khng c tnh ring th nh tm bt
hi, (ly V sn lm th) khng c tht vy, bn tri vi
Lun ni : Trong mi mt thin, ba th khng phng

dt, x, bt hi ch c trong th tc, cc th cn li

(trong c V si) u l tht c.
Nhng Tp Lun ni V si ly tu lm th, l nu
tnh nhn qu ca ba tu hin th tnh minh gii ca
n. Cng nh ly nhn v lc biu th t th ca Tn.
L phi nh vy.
V tham, sn, si l chnh phin no tng ng su
thc, n khi c mnh hn c, nn lp tn n l ba th
bt thin cn. Dt n phi do s i tr chung v ring,
chung i tr ch l do thin tu, ring i tr chnh l do
ba thin cn. Do nn phi c ring V si.
Cn tc l tinh tn, c tnh Dng Hn trong vic
tu thin on c, v c nghip dng i tr gii i, y
vic thin. Dng l biu th thng tn, khng phi
nh cc php nhim ; Hn l biu th tinh thun, khng
phi nh tnh v k (v ph v k). Tc khi hin th
tinh tn n ch nhip vo tnh thin.
Tng sai bit ca tinh tn c nm, l : B gip, gia
hnh, v h, v thi, v tc. Chnh Kinh ni c th c
dng, c cn, kin mnh, v khng b ci ch thin,
theo th lp nn bit.
Nm tng ny sai khc nhau, tng s pht tm
(b gip, c th) t phn tu hnh thng tn (gia hnh, c
dng). Trong t phn tu hnh c ba bc thng, trung,
h (v h, v thi, v tc), l nm. Hoc tng s
pht tm v bn tng tu sai khc l trng thi tu, v
gin tu, n trng tu, v d tu l nm. Hoc c nm o
sai khc l t lng, gia hnh, kin o, tu o, v hc
o.
Hoc Nh tha cu knh v hc o c tm ham
thch i B-, hoc ch Pht cu knh o m a
lm li ch ha tha, hoc hai a v gia hnh l v gin
v gii thot c s thng tn khc nhau, u gi l Cn.
An l khinh an, c tnh kham nhm, xa la th
trng l khinh, u sng thn tm l an ; v c cng
dng i tr hn trm, khin thn tm c chuyn

thnh an vui. Ngha l n dp tr php thng lm

chng ngi Thin nh, khin cho thn tm y ch c
an thch.
Bt phng dt, l khng bung lung, gm Tinh tn
v ba Thin cn, c tnh phng nga iu c phi on,
khng cho khi ln, v sing tu iu thin phi tu, lm
cho tng trng ; v c cng dng lm thnh tu trn
vn mi thin s ca th, xut th gian. Ngha l chnh
nh bn php l Tinh tn v ba thin cn m c th
phng iu c phi on, tu iu thin phi tu, nn gi
l khng bung lung, ch khng ngoi bn php kia m
c t th ring, v khng c tng khc ; v i vi vic
phng c v tu thin, nu la bn cng nng trn th
khng c cng dng ring, Tuy tn, Tm v Qu v.v...
cng c kh nng phng c tu thin nhng so vi bn
php l Tinh tn v ba thin cn th th lc v cng
dng n vi t yu t, n khng phi ba cn v tinh tn
sch l mi s, cho nn Tn, Tm, Qu khng phi ch
nng ca bt phng dt.
Nn : H khng phi chnh phng c tu thin l
tng v dng ca bt phng dt ?
p : Nu vy, phng c tu thin khc g vi Tinh
tn v ba thin cn ?
Nn : Bn php kia phi ch c bt phng dt mi
c phng c tu thin ?
p : Nu vy, bt phng dt cng phi ch ci
khc na, th thnh li v cng.
Nn : Cn ch l cng khp sch tn thin php,
thin cn ch l khp lm ch nng cho thin php,
ti sao ni n c cng dng phng c tu thin ?
p : ng ni cng dng phng c tu thin tng
n nh th no ? Nu khp da vo tt c thin tm gi
l phng c tu thin th chnh l ba Thin cn v
tham, v sn, v si. Nu cng khp sch l thin php
th c khc g tinh tn. Nu ngng c tn thin th chnh
l chung c bn php l Tinh tn v ba Thin cn.

Nu khin tm khng tn lan, th l ng tr (nh).

Nu khin Tm, Tm s ng th cnh, th c khc
g xc. Nu khin Tm khng qun mt, th chnh l
Nim. Suy tm nh vy, thy ci cng dng ca bt
phng dt. Nu la bn php l Tinh tn v ba Thin
cn, th hon ton khng th c c. Cho nn bit bt
phng dt khng c t th ring.
Hnh x l th no ? L Tinh tn v ba Thin cn,
c tnh khin tm c bnh ng chnh trc v cng
dng m an tr, v c nghip dng i tr tro c, c
tr yn tnh. Ngha l chnh nh bn php l Tinh tn v
ba thin cn khin tm xa la cc chng tro c v.v...
c tr yn tnh gi l X. Ni bnh ng, chnh trc,
v cng dng m an tr l bin bit ba cp s, trung
v hu sai khc ca X.
Do bt phng dt, trc tr tp nhim, Hnh x li
khin tm tch tnh m an tr. Hnh x khng c t th
ring, cng nh bt phng dt la bn php kia th
khng c tng v dng ring. Kh nng lm cho c
tch tnh chnh l bn php. c lm cho tch tnh
chnh l tm.
Bt hi l th no ? L tnh khng sn hn, khng
lm tn no cc hu tnh ; v c nghip dng i tr hi,
c lng thng xt. Ngha l chnh t s khng gin,
khng lm tn no cc hu tnh m gi gi l khng
hi. V sn ngc li vi Sn l dt mng sng chng
sanh, Bt hi ngc li vi Hi l hay lm tn no
chng sanh. V sn th cho vui, Bt hi th cu kh.
l hai th tng sai khc ca Bt hi. ng tht, V sn
tht c t th, cn Bt hi l nng mt phn ca V
sn m gi lp. V hin th hai tng T v Bi khc
nhau, trong vic li lc hu tnh th hai th V sn v
Bt hi, T v Bi ny hn c.
- C kin cho rng khng Hi khng phi chnh
l khng sn, m n c t th ring, l tnh hin
thin. Tng th no ? l khng lm tn no,

khng sn cng th, khng c tnh ring. Ngha l

khng lm tn no loi hu tnh, t bi hin thin l
khng sn vy.
- Bi Tng ni ch cp (v) hin r ngoi
mi mt tm s Thin va ni, cn c nhng Tm s
khc. l Thin tm s Hn v Chn v.v...
Nhng Tm s ny ty ngha c khc nhau nn ni ra
nhiu tn, nhng th n vn l mt, cho nn khng lp
ring. Hn l hn thch, cng i vi Dc", l mt
phn ca khng gin, v khng gin ght i vi cnh
vui thch. Khng phn, hn, no, tt v.v... cng th. Ty
theo , th ny o ngc li thnh th kia. Nh o
ngc li vi bt phn v phn (gin), l mt phn ca
sn. Chn cng i vi Tu, l mt phn ca v tham,
v khng nhim trc i vi cnh ng chn. khng
xan ln, khng kiu mn v.v... nn bit cng ging th.
Ty theo m o ngc li thnh xan ln, kiu mn,
u l mt phn ca Tham. Khng che du, khng gian
tr, khng dua nnh l mt phn ca khng tham, khng
si ty theo m o ngc li thnh che du, gian tr
dua nnh, u l mt phn ca Tham, Si.
- C kin cho rng khng che du ch l mt
phn khng si. Khng c ch no ni che du l mt
phn ca Tham.
- C kin cho rng khng kiu mn l mt phn
ca Tn. Ngha l nu tin ai th khng kiu mn vi h.
- C kin cho rng khng kiu mn l mt phn
ca Hnh x, v tm bnh ng th khng kiu mn.
- C kin cho rng khng kiu mn, mt phn
nhip vo Tm (h) v sng trng ai th khng kiu
mn vi h.
- C kin cho rng khng nghi chnh l nhip v
Tn, v nu tin iu g th khng cn do d nghi ng.
- C kin cho rng khng nghi tc l Thng gii,
v khi quyt nh th khng do d nghi ng.

- C kin cho rng khng nghi chnh l Chnh

tu, v khi c chnh kin th khng do d. Th khng
tn lon tc nhip tu. Bt vong nim", chnh l Chnh
nim. Hi, Min, Tm, T thng c nhim v bt nhim
nh xc, dc.v.v.. Nn khng c ngha o ngc li.
- V sao nhng tm nhim o ngc li thnh tm
thin m c ci lp ring, c ci khng lp ring ?
- Tm no c tng v dng khc nhau th lp
ring ; cn cc tm thin th khng c tm no o
ngc li nn khng lp ring, khng nn gn trch.
Li v cc nhim php bt thin l tham, sn, si, v
tm, v qu, bt tn, gii i, hn trm, tro c, phng
dt bin khp c su thc mnh hn, cho nn o ngc
li lp thnh mi php thin l v tham, v sn, v si,
tm, qu, tn, cn, khinh an, hnh x.
Mn, phn v.v... ch tng ng vi thc, nn o
ngc lp ring. Hi tuy cng th, nhng v n
thng hin khi lm tn no ngi khc v lm
chng ngi tm bi l thng nhn ca v thng tha,
v ni r ti li ln lao ca hi, nn o ngc
vi hi m lp ra bt hi.
Tht nim, tn lon, bt chnh tri, o ngc li th
thnh nim, nh, tu trong Bit cnh thin, nn khng
ni ring.
Hi : Tm s nhim v Tm s tnh o ngc
nhau, m sao s Tm s tnh li t hn s tm s nhim
?
p : Tm s tnh th thng, Tm s nhim yu
km, l tnh t, nh nhim nhiu.
Li v thin th ng gii thng l, nn tuy tm s
thin nhiu m ng th, cn Tm s nhim v m tnh
cuc theo s tng nhiu mi chia ra nhiu th. Cho
nn khng nn trch v s lng nhiu t ca Tm s
nhim v Tm s tnh.

- Trong mi mt thin tm y, ba th l khng

phng dt, hnh x, khng hi l gi c, nh trc
ni, cn tm th kia tht c tng v dng khc nhau.
- C kin cho rng trong mi mt thin, c bn
th bin khp thin tm, l Tinh tn v ba Thin cn,
cn by th kia th bt nh, v khi suy tm s l cha
quyt nh th khng sanh tn tm. Tm v Qu th ng
loi nhng ch nng khc nhau, ty khi khi ln tm
ny th tm kia khng khi. Khinh an th i khi c o
th gian on phin no khi ln th mi c c. Tm
Bt phng dt v Hnh x, th khi c o v lu mi
khi ln c. Khi c tm bi mn loi hu tnh mi c
tm Bt hi.
- Lun ni mi mt thin c khi ln trong su
a v. l khi a v quyt nh mi c Tn tng
ng. Khi ngng dt nhim mi c tm Tm Qu khi
ln nhn li mnh v ngui. a v thin c tm Tinh
tn v ba Thin cn. Khi c th gian o (bn Thin
tm nh) th c tm Khinh an khi. Khi c o xut
th (v lu o qun v ng) th c tm hnh x v bt
phng dt khi. Khi nhip ha chng sanh th c tm
Bt hi khi ln.
- C kin cho rng kia ni th cha ng l. Khi
suy tm s l, tm cha quyt nh, tn nu khng sanh
th khng phi l thin, nh khi nhim tm l v khng
c tnh tn. Tm v Qu khc loi, nng tha th khc
m cnh duyn th ng, n u bin khp thin tm,
nh trc ni.
Nu c xut th o m tm Khinh an khng sanh
th Khinh an gic chi y chng phi v lu. Nu c th
gian o m khng c hnh x v Bt phng dt th
khng phi tch tnh phng c tu thin, li khng th
dp tro c, phng dt. Thin tm hu lu c bn
php l Tinh tn v ba Thin cn th n nh xut th
o, nn c hai tm l Hnh x v Bt phng dt. Li

khi thin tm khi ln u khng tn hi vt, chnh do

php tri vi s tn hi m c tn Bt hi.
Nhng Lun ni : Trong su trng hp c mi
mt thin tm khi ln l nng ni s tng mnh ca
mi th m ni tn mi th ; cho nn kin u
tin kia ni, nht nh khng ng l.
Nn ni rng trong mi mt Thin, Tn, Tm,
Qu v.v... mi th bin khp cc thin tm, tr
Khinh an th khng bin khp. Phi khi a v
Thin nh mi c Khinh an. V s iu sng thn tm
a v khc (khng phi Thin nh) khng c c.
Trong Quyt trch phn ca lun Du-gi ni :
Mi Thin tm s d a v Thin nh hay khng
Thin nh n u bin khp thin tm, ch trong nh
a th khinh an tng hn.
- C kin cho rng a v nh gia hnh cng
c gi l nh a, v cng c s iu sng
thn tm vi t. Do ci Dc cng c Khinh an.
Khng nh vy th tri vi Bn a phn trong lun Dugi ni : Mi mt thin nh Tn, Tm, Qu v.v...
thng ht thy a.
- C kin cho rng Khinh an ch khi c nh mi
c, v do nh t dng mi c s iu sng. Lun ni
: Cc Tm, Tm s ci Dc v thiu Khinh an nn
gi l bt nh a. Ni ht thy a u c mi mt
thin, v n thng c ba a l a c tm c t, a
khng tm ch c t, a khng tm khng t (cn bn
S thin gi l hu tm hu t Tam-ma-a ; Nh thin,
gia hnh gi l v tm duy t Tam-ma-a).
- Mi mt thin ny trc ni , tht,
bt thc ty theo a v hoc c hoc khng, (khi a
v m th khng c, khi a v ng th hai thc u c
mi mt thin); cn lc thc cc a v th u
c . Nu khng phi nh v l ch thiu Khinh an.
C kin cho rng nm thc ch c mi th, v
t tnh nm thc tn ng nn khng c Khinh an.

C kin cho rng, nm thc cng c Khinh an.

V thin do nh dn pht cng c s iu sng Khinh
an. V thin cng i vi Thnh s tc tr, chc chn c
Khinh an.
- Mi mt Thin tm s ny tng ng vi th
no ? Mi Thin tm s tng ng vi nm th,
ch Khinh an tm s khng tng ng u th, kh th,
v c u kh th khng c iu sng Khinh an.
- Mi mt Thin tm s ny u cng tng ng
vi nm Bit cnh. V Tn, Tm, Qu v.v... vi Dc,
Thng gii v.v... khng tri nhau vy.
- Mi mt th Tm s ny ch l thin.
- Tr Khinh an khng c ci Dc, cn mi th
kia thng c ba ci.
- Mi mt th thin u thng c ba hc l hc,
v hc, phi hc phi v hc.
- Mi mt th tm s Thin, khng chng kin
o, nn khng phi loi b kin o dit tr. Lun Dugi ni : "Su cn l Tn, Tn, Nim, nh, Tu v V
tri ng tri cn (nu thuc hu lu), ch do tu mi
on, ch khng phi do kin on c.
Cn phn bit mi mt thin ny theo cc
phng din (mn) khc na, nh l nn bit.
- Nh vy ni tm s thin, cn Tm s
Phin no tng ng vi su thc, tng n nh th
no ?
Tng ni :
Phin no l tham, sn,
Si, mn, nghi, c kin.
Lun rng : "Su th tham, sn v.v... tnh n thuc
v cn bn phin no nn c gi l phin no.

Tham l th no ? L tnh nhim m i vi hu

v hu c. N c nghip dng lm chng ngi v
tham, pht sanh kh no. Ngha l v do nng lc ca
tham i m c th un sanh thnh.
Sn l th no ? L tnh ght gin i vi kh v
kh c. N c nghip dng lm chng ngi v sn v
lm ch nng cho tnh bt an n v c hnh. Ngha l
v sn nn chc chn khin thn tm nng bc, khi ln
cc c nghip bt thin.
Si l th no ? L tnh m mui i vi cc s l,
n c nghip dng chng ngi V si, v lm ch
nng cho tt c tp nhim. Ngha l do V minh (si)
khi ln cc cn bn phin no Nghi, T kin, Tham
v.v... v cc ty phin no m to tc nghip c c th
chiu cm php tp nhim i sau.
Mn l th no ? L tnh mnh m cao ngo i
vi ngi, v c nghip dng lm chng ngi tnh
khng kiu mn, v pht sanh kh no. Ngha l nu c
Mn th tm khng khim h i vi Tam Bo chn
tnh c v ngi c c ; do m b sanh t lun
chuyn v cng, chu cc kh no. Mn ny sai bit c
by (mn, qu mn, mn qu mn, ng mn, tng
thng mn, ty lit mn, t mn), hoc chn th l i
ni ba bc thng, trung, h v ng, c v x s (ta
hn, ta bng, ta thua ) m thnh ra chn mn.
Tt c mn u thng c kin s on. ni
Thnh v, cu sanh ng mn cn hin hnh, thi cc
loi mn t n khi ln cng khng c li.
Nghi l th no ? L tnh do d chng quyt i
vi cc l, v n c nghip dng lm chng ngi
tm khng nghi, chng ngi thin php. Ngha l do
d, th iu thin khng sanh.
C kin cho rng nghi ny ly thin lm th. Do
d trong s la chn nn ni l nghi. V ch T (tr
gip) Mt- (tu) l ngha ca nghi. V ngha ch
mt- v ch Bt-nh l mt (T-mt- hay T-bt-

nh l gip cho Bt-nh, gip cho gic ng. C nghi

mi c ng, khng nghi t khng ng, cho nn gip cho
ng l nghi).
C kin cho rng nghi ny c t th ring, n lm
cho tu khng qu quyt, ch n khng phi tu.
Lun Du-gi ni : Trong su phin no, ch c
kin l th tc c", v n l mt phn ca tu ; cn cc
th phin no kia u tht c tnh ring. Do ch T
tr gip ch Mt- thnh T-mt- m chp tu l
nghi, th th c th do ch T tr gip Nhnam(tr) thnh T-nh-nam", m tr bin thnh thc
c sao ? Chng phi do tr gip m ngha ca n
bin chuyn khc i c, th nn nghi ny khng phi
ly tu lm th.
c kin l th no ? L tnh ca tu nhim, suy
t, in o i vi cc l, n c nghip dng lm
chng ngi thin kin, chiu cm s kh. Ngha l
ngi c kin phi chu nhiu kh no. hnh tng ca
c kin sai bit c nm (tc nm li s).
1. Tt-ca-gia kin (thn kin)- Tc l i vi nm
th un chp cho l ng v ng s ; nghip ca n l
lm ch nng cho ht thy kin th (thn kin thng
c phn bit v cu sanh). kin ny sai bit c 20 cu,
65 cu, chng u l phn bit khi ch khng phi cu
sanh (nm th c kin ny, hy xem r kinh Phm
Vng trong Trng B Kinh, hoc kinh Phm ng
trong Trng A-hm)
2. Bin chp kin : Tc l chp Tt-ca-gia kin kia
l on l thng, n chng ngi s tu hnh hnh xut
ly theo trung o phi on phi thng. S sai bit ca
kin ny l trong cc kin th. Nh i vi i qu kh
chp bn Bin thng lun, Nht phn thng lun, i
vi i v lai chp c mi su Hu tng, tm V
tng v tm Cu phi. V by on bit lun v.v... u
thuc v phn bit khi.

3. T kin - Tc l ph bng nhn qu, ph bng tc

dng, ph bng s tht. V gm nhng t chp khc
ngoi bn c kin kia l thn kin, Bin kin, kin th,
gii cm th. Cng nh tng thng duyn l gm tt
c nhng duyn cn li ngoi ba duyn l Nhn duyn,
ng v gin duyn, S duyn duyn ; v n c danh v
ngha rt bao qut. S sai bit ca kin ny l trong
cc kin th, chp hai V nhn lun v qu kh, chp
bn Hu bin lun, bt t kiu lon lun, v chp v lai
nm hin Nit-bn ; hoc chp tri T Ti, Th Ch,
Thch, Phm v cc vt loi khc l thng hng bin
i ; hoc chp tri T Ti l nguyn nhn ca mi vt
; hoc chp bng cc li gii thot t vy ; hoc vng
chp phi o l o. Nhng li chp nh th u nhip
vo t kin ny.
4. Kin th - Tc l chp cc t kin trn v cc th
un m cc t kin da vo chp, cho l ti thng, c
th lm cho chng sanh thanh tnh ; nghip dng ca n
l lm ch nng cho mi s u tranh.
5. Gii cm th - Tc l thun theo gii cm ca t
kin v cc un m t kin da vo chp, cho l
ti thng, c th lm cho chng sanh thanh tnh ; nghip
dng ca n l lm ch nng cho s kh hnh v ch.
Nhng c ch ni chp n l ti thng (khng phi
qu chp l qu) th gi l kin th, chp n c th lm
cho c thanh tnh (khng phi nhn tt m chp l
nhn tt), th gi l gii th. y l li ni c lc
phn nh. Hoc l ni theo phng din ty chuyn (ty
chuyn ngha l ni ti thng tc trong c thanh tnh,
ni thanh tnh l trong c ti thng). Khng nh vy
th ti sao phi tch dit chp tch dit, phi o chp l
o th gi l t kin, m chng phi hai th l kin th
v gii th ?
- Trong mi th phin no tng v bit nh trn,
c su th l tham, sn, si, mn, thn kin, bin kin
thng c cu sanh v phn bit khi. Hoc nhm vn

hoc t st u khi ln c kin c c. Cn nghi v

ba kin l t kin, kin th, gii cm th th ch l phn
bit khi ; v cn phi do bn c v nng lc t gio, t
thm xt, t st mi c sanh khi.
- C thuyt cho rng trong bin chp kin, th no
thng cu sanh th n thuc loi on kin ; cn tng
ca thng kin th ph, phi c nng lc ca bn c
v t gio mi dn sanh ra c. Nh lun Du-gia ni :
"Bin chp kin no l th cu sanh ? l th bin
chp kin thuc loi on kin. Ngi hc hin qun
sanh tm s nh vy "Ci ta ca ta nay ti ch no ?
Cho nn nh loi cm th nu gp nghch duyn, u s
ci ta on mt, m sanh tm s hi."
- C kin cho rng Lun kia ni l y theo th
tng m ni. L tht, cu sanh cng thng c thng
kin. Ngha l nh cm th v chp ci ta thng cn
nn hng hi to tc cha nhm cc dng lu di.
Cc lun nh Hin Dng v.v... u ni : "i vi nm
th un chp on chp thng, hoc l cu sanh, hoc
l phn bit.
- Mi th phin no y th no tng ng vi th
no ?
- Tham nht nh khng cng sanh vi sn v nghi,
v hai cnh yu v ght khng ng nhau. i vi cnh
cn nghi ng khng quyt chc th khng c tham m.
Tham c th tng ng vi mn v kin, nhng v cnh
tham i v kiu mn chng phi mt, nn khng cng
sanh mt ln. Cn cnh nhim ca i v cnh th
ca mn c th ng nhau, nn c tng ng. V i
vi cnh ca nm c kin u c th tham i, nn tham
v nm kin tng ng nhau, khng li g.
- Sn vi mn, nghi, hoc c th cng khi mt
ln, v cnh sn v cnh th chng phi mt, nn ni
sn vi mn khng tng ng nhau. Cnh mit th v
cnh ghen ght c th l mt cho nn ni c th cng
sanh. V lc u cn do d (nghi) th cha ght, nn ni

sn v nghi khng cng sanh. Suy ngh lu m vn

khng quyt c, mi pht gin, nn sn v nghi c
th c tng ng. Nghi cnh thun hay nghch ty
theo cng vy. Sn v hai th l gii cm th v kin
th chc khng tng ng, v khi chp cho l o
th thng, th khng ght n. Sn vi ba kin l thn,
bin, t kin hoc c tng ng m khng nht nh.
V i vi thn nm un ng a mi khi ln chp cho
thn l thng, m khng ght n, l sn khng
tng ng. Nu i vi thn nm un kh au ng
ght m khi ln chp thn thng th sanh tm ght
gin n, nn ni sn c cng khi. i vi on
kin, th ngc li, vi y m xt sn c tng ng
hay khng. T kin th bi bc lun c vic xu, vic
tt, theo th t m xt sn c hay khng c tng
ng vi t kin.
Mn tm s l i vi cnh quyt, cn Nghi tm
s th khng th. Cho nn mn v nghi khng tng
ng nhau. Mn v nm kin th cu khi, v hnh tng
hai th khng chng tri nhau. Nhng mn th khng
cu sanh vi on kin", v khi chp ng b on th
khng th th kiu mn vi ai c. Mn c mt phn
khng cu sanh vi thn kin, v t kin cng vy.
Nghi l khng thm quyt, nn tri vi nm kin
cho nn nghi v nm kin khng th cu sanh. Nm
kin cng khng tng ng cu khi vi nghi, v khng
th trong mt tm c nhiu tu (kin).
Si v chn th phin no kia u c tng ng,
v cc phin no sanh ra c, phi do si mi c.
- Mi phin no ny tng ng vi thc no ?
- Tng thc hon ton khng c. Mt-na thc c
bn, thc c mi. Nm thc trc ch c ba l
tham, sn, si. V Nm thc trc khng c tnh phn
bit nn khng c mn v.v... v do c phn bit so snh
mi khi kiu mn v.v...
- Mi phin no ny tng ng vi th no ?

- Cu sanh tham, sn, si v phn bit tham, sn, si

tt c u tng ng vi nm th ; v khi tham m gp
cnh duyn tri nghch th c u th v kh th cng
sanh, gp cnh duyn thun th c h th v lc th
cng sanh.
C kin cho rng mn cu sanh v phn bit khi
tng ng vi bn th, tr kh th. V chng sanh th
thn ng un xu kh ca mnh, m sanh u th, nn
mn tng ng vi u th.
C kin cho rng nu l cu sanh th mn cng
tng ng vi kh th ; v ni thc c kh th, nh
trc ni. Nu l phn bit mn v.v... th n khng
c nhng ni thun chu kh, v ni y khng c t
s t gio. Nhng chng sanh ch thun kh
khng to nghip dn n ng c, v phi cn c
phin no phn bit t thc khi mi to nghip dn
n ch c .
Nghi v ba kin l t kin, kin th kin v gii
cm th ch tng ng vi bn th, tr kh th. ci
Dc, nghi khng tng ng vi kh nhng tng ng
vi h v u. Kin th v gii th nu duyn theo cnh
ca u tng ng vi kin th by gi n tng ng vi
u th.
C kin cho rng cu sanh thn kin, bin kin
ch tng ng vi h, lc, x th. Hai kin ny khng
tng ng nm thc nn khng c kh th, v nm thc
l v k, nn khng c u th. Cn phn bit thn kin,
bin kin ch tng ng vi bn th, tr kh th. Chp
thn ng un cng sanh vi kh l ng, ng s, m
thng, th thn, bin kin c u th. Nu chp thn
ng un cng sanh vi lc l ng, ng s m on, th
thn bin kin cng tng ng vi u th.
C kin cho rng thn kin, bin kin nu l cu
sanh th tng ng vi kh th ; v ch thun kh ch
duyn vi thn ng un cc kh, nn tng ng vi kh
th.

Lun ni : Tt c phin no cu sanh u cng

hin hnh vi ba th. Ni rng nh trc. Cn cc
ngha khc nh trc ni.
- Di y theo ngha tht ni, ni theo tng th
th tham, mn v bn kin u tng ng vi lc h, x
th. Sn ch tng ng vi kh, u, x th. Nghi th
tng ng nm th. Nghi v t kin tng ng bn
th, tr kh th. Tham, si tng ng vi lc thng
bn a di l Ng th tp c a n Tam Thin a ;
cn by th l nm c kin, mn v nghi kia tng ng
vi lc, th tr Dc gii a, n thng ba a l S
Thin, Nh Thin, Tam thin. Nghi v c hnh si, nu
ci Dc th ch tng ng vi u v x th. Cc th
khc cu khi nh th no, c theo l suy bit.
- Mi phin no ny, my th tng ng vi Bit
cnh tm s ?
- Tham, sn, si, mn cng khi vi nm Bit cnh.
V chuyn ch mt cnh l c nh tm s. Nghi v
nm kin mi mi tng ng vi bn Bit cnh, v nghi
khng tng ng vi thng gii, v nghi th khng quyt
nh. Kin khng phi tng ng vi tu, v n khng
khc tu.
- Mi phin no ny nhip thuc v tnh g ?
- Sn ch c tnh bt thin, v n lm tn hi mnh,
ngi. Chn th cn li tng ng c thin v bt thin.
Nu hai ci trn l Sc, V sc gii th nhip v v
k, v n b nh bp. Nu h thuc ci Dc m
sn phn bit khi th ch nhip v bt thin, v n pht
sinh c hnh. Nu sn cu sanh c hnh th cng nhip
v bt thin, v n lm tn hi mnh, ngi. Cc phin
no cn li nhip v v k, v vi t khng lm chng
ngi thin m khng c lm tn no mnh, ngi qu
lm. Nn bit cu sanh thn kin v bin kin ch nhip
v tnh v k. V khng pht sanh nghip c, tuy
thng hin khi, song khng lm chng ngi thin
php.

- Mi phin no ny h thuc vo ci no ?
- Sn ch h thuc ci Dc, chn th cn li
thng c ba ci. Khi sanh a di, cha la s
nhim ca a di, th phin no a trn khng hin
tin. Phi c cn bn nh a trn kia, khi phin
no a trn kia mi hin tin.
Cc hu lu o (ch bn Thin tm nh, khng
c qun hai khng, nn gi l hu lu o) tuy khng
dp c phin no phn bit v phin no cu sanh vi
t trong thc th by, nhng c th dp tr c phin
no cu sanh th ph thc th su, dn dn chng
c cn bn nh ca a trn. V phin no cu sanh
ch l m s, hng ra bn ngoi sanh khi, tn lon
th ng, chnh thc lm chng ngi Thin nh, nn
khi c nh a trn ri, vy sau cc phin no cu
sanh v phn bit a trn ny u hin tin. Nu
ngi khi sanh a trn, cc phin no phn bit cu
sanh a di u c hin khi. Nh ngi sanh
V tng thin trong T Thin, trung hu ca h do
ph bng o gii thot m phi sanh vo a ngc.
Li khi thn ang a trn m sp sanh xung a
di, khi ln cu sanh i nhun sanh xung a
di. Nh c ch ni ngi sanh a trn khng khi
phin no a di, l da theo a phn m ni, hoc
ni theo mn ty chuyn.
Phin no a di cng duyn a trn m khi.
Lun Du-gi ni : Tham h thuc ci Dc m vn cu
sanh a trn l v thch nh a trn, cng nh bo
sn nhu, cng ghen ght, tt khi duyn Dit v
o m khi, th cng nn ni ghen ght v tt
duyn Ly dc a m khi. V tng duyn cc hnh sc
tm ba ci m chp ng, ng s (thn kin) l on hoc
l thng (bin kin) m khi mn, th l u c
duyn ci trn m khi ln. Cn li nm kin duyn ci
trn m khi, l chc chn.

Nhng c ch ni tham, sn, mn v.v... khng

duyn ci trn, l ni theo tng th ; hoc da theo
duyn khc m ni. Khng thy ngi th gian no
chp cc php ca tha a l ng v.v... v bin kin th
phi da thn kin mi c c. Phin no a trn
cng duyn php a di l ni k sanh ln ci trn,
i vi hu tnh h gii, th c mnh cao hn m
sanh tm ln lt.
Duyn chung cc hnh m chp lm ng, ng s l
on hoc thng m a thch n th c duyn h
a.
Nghi v ba kin sau, nh l nn xt bit. Nhng
m ni phin no ci trn khng duyn ci di, l
da theo a phn m ni, hoc theo duyn khc m ni.
- Mi phin no ny nhip thuc hc v no ?
- Ch nhip thuc phi hc, phi v hc, ch khng
nhip thuc vo hc v v hc v, v hc v v hc v
ch l thin m n l nhim.
- Mi phin no ny do kin s on, tu s on
hay phi s on ?
- N khng phi phi s on. V phi s on l th
khng nhim. Mi phin no ny nu l phn bit
khi th ch do kin o l on, v th d on. Nu l
cu sanh th ch do tu o on c, v vi t nn kh
on. Mi th phin no phn bit khi thuc kin
o on, tht s l kp on mt ln, v chn kin o
mt ln tng duyn T . (Do m l T m c
mi th phin no phn bit khi ln, nn khi thy r
l T th mi phin no phn bit khi ny kp
c dt sch.)
Nhng m tng T c tng c bit. Tng
ngha l mi th phin no u do m l T m c.
Kh, Tp l nhn, l ch nng ca mi phin no
; Dit, o l ch mi phin no s hi. Bit ngha
l ring m tng T m khi cc phin no, nh
trong hai th thn kin v bin kin ch do m Kh

 m khi, cn tm th kia do m chung c Bn m

khi. V thn v bin kin ch i vi thn kh qu m
khi. V ring tng khng v tng v ng l thuc
Kh (Kh c bn tng l v thng, kh,
khng, v ng). Ngha l nghi v ba kin trc tip m l
kh, cn hai th l chp vo ba kin , v chp gii
cm th cng thn ng un cho l th thng c th t
thanh tnh. i vi t kin v tha kin v quyn thuc
ca n m th t ty lc khi ln tham, sn, mn (tc
i mnh khi tham, i ngi khi sn, i quyn
thuc khi mn), tng ng vi v minh (tc l th v
minh i chung vi tham, sn...) cng vi chn th kia
ng m l Kh m khi. Bt cng v minh (hay
c hnh v minh, n khng i chung vi tham, sn
v.v... nn ch cho kin o on) th trc tip m l Kh
m khi. Nghi v t kin th trc tip m l Tp ...
m khi. Hai th v tham v.v... chun theo Kh nn
bit. Nhng sn cng c th trc tip m Dit v o
, v s hi Dit v o m sinh ra ghen ght, sn
gin.
Trc tip m l T v gin tip m l T v th
tng l nh th. Nu ni tng vi t ca n l tham,
sn, mn, ba kin v nghi cu sanh, th ty khi thch
ng m n cng m l T nh trn. Cn hai kin cu
sanh v i, mn, v minh tng ng vi n, tuy l do
m Kh m c, nhng vi t kh on, phi tu o
mi on c. Sn v c u i, mn cng v minh
tng ng vi n l do m ring hu tnh hoc cnh s
tng m c, khng tri vi tr qun l (v my th
ny khng phi do l T m khi, nn n khng lm
chng ngi tr qun l T ), nn cn phi khi tu o
mi on c.
Tuy cc phin no ny u c tng phn, nhng
bn cht cho n nng cy m bin ra tng phn th
hoc c hoc khng v c gi l phin no duyn
hu s hay l phin no duyn v s (nh duyn cnh

hin ti c tht m sanh phin no, gi l phin no

duyn hu s c bn cht, cn duyn cnh qu kh, v
lai v.v... m sanh phin no, th gi l phin no duyn
v s, khng c bn cht). Tng phn thn s duyn
ca n tuy u l php hu lu, nhng bn cht ca n
nng cy bin ra tng phn th cng thng c
php v lu v c gi l phin no duyn hu lu hay
phin no duyn v lu m khi (nh duyn php hu
lu Kh, Tp m sanh phin no, th gi l phin no
duyn hu lu, cn duyn php v lu Dit, o m
sanh phin no th gi l phin no duyn v lu, hay
gi hu lu, v lu duyn hoc).
Phin no duyn t a (ni mnh ang ), th
tng phn ca n tng t bn cht v c gi l
duyn cnh c th do phn bit khi. Cn phin no
duyn Dit, o v tha a (ni khc, ci khc) th
tng phn ca n khng tng t bn cht, v c
gi l duyn cnh tru tng danh ngn do phn bit
khi.
Cn cc mt phn bit khc v mi phin no, c
nh l nn suy ngh.
- ni tng su Phin no cn bn, cc Ty
phin no tng n th no ?
Tng rng :
Ty phin no l phn,
Hn, ph, no, tt, xan,
Di, nnh v hi, kiu,
V tm v v qu,
Tro c vi hn trm,
Khng tn cng gii i,
Phng dt v khng nh,
Tn lon, khng chnh tri.
Lun rng : Ch l tnh ng lu v phn v sai
bit ca cn bn phin no gi l Ty phin no (tc

nhng phin no ty thuc ni cn bn phin no m

c).
Ty phin no ny gm hai mi th chia lm ba
loi. Mi th t Phn, hn n hi, kiu", mi mi
th khi ring, nn gi l Tiu ty phin no. V tm,
v qu bin khp cc tm bt thin, nn gi l Trung
ty phin no. Tm th t tro c n bt chnh
tri, bin khp tm nhim, nn gi l i ty phin
no.
Phn l th no ? L tnh tc gin i vi cnh
khng nhiu ch trc mt, n c nghip dng lm
chng ngi tnh khng tc gin. Ngha l ngi m
lng tc gin th thng pht hin ra thn biu nghip
hung c (nh cm gy). Phn ly mt phn sn nhu
lm t th. La sn th khng c tng v dng ca
phn.
Hn l th no ? L tnh m lng hung c on kt
khng b v nhng iu tc gin trc . N c
nghip dng lm chng ngi tm khng hn, d nng
ny. Ngha l ngi kt hn th khng th n nhn m
thng hay nng ny. N cng ly mt phn sn nhu
lm t th. La sn nhu th khng ring c tng v
dng ca hn.
Ph l th no ? L tnh che du ti li mnh
lm, v s mt li dng danh d. N c nghip dng
lm chng ngi tm khng che du, d hi hn, bc
no. Ngha l ngi che du ti, v sau chc chn hi
hn bc no khng an.
C kin cho rng ph ly mt phn si lm t
th, v lun ni ph l mt phn ca si, v khng bit s
s kh tng lai (si) nn che du ti li mnh.
C kin cho rng ph nhip thuc mt phn tham
v si, v cng s mt li dng danh s m che du ti
mnh. Lun c theo mt th hin m ni n l mt phn
ca si. Nh ni "Tro c l mt phn ca tham, nhng

ni tro c bin khp cc nhim tm, th khng th chp

n ch l mt phn ca tham.
No l th no ? L tnh tn c hung bo truy xc
do phn, hn pht sinh. N c nghip dng lm chng
ngi tm khng no, d him c... Ngha l truy nh
iu on ght qua, li gp duyn ngang tri hin ra
trc mt lm cho tm ni tn c, pht sinh hung bo,
ni nng th b, him c vi ngi. N cng ly mt
phn sn nhu lm t th. La sn nhu khng ring c
tng dng ca no.
Tt l th no ? L tnh quay cung theo danh li,
k khng chu ni trc s hin vinh ca ngi
khc. N c nghip dng lm chng ngi tm khng
tt , d lo bun. Ngha l ngi c tm k khi thy
nghe ngi khc c s vinh hin th rt lo bun khng
yn n. N cng ly mt phn sn lm t th. La sn
th khng c ring tng v dng ca tt.
Xan l th no ? l tnh xan ln, m trc ti v
php khng chu hu th cho ai. N c nghip dng lm
chng ngi tm khng xan, a ct cha thp hn.
Ngha l ngi c tm xan ln th hay keo rt, ct cha
ti v php khng chu th x. N cng ly mt phn
tham i lm t th. La tham th khng c tng v
dng ca xan.
Cung l th no ? L tnh v mun c li
dng danh d m tr ngy di hin mnh c c. N
c nghip dng lm chng ngi tnh khng tr ngy,
a t mn. Ngha l ngi kiu cung, tm thng
mu k k l, di hin nhng iu bt tht, t mn. N
cng ly mt phn tham, si lm t th. La tham, si th
khng ring c tng v dng ca cung.
Sim l th no ? L tnh quanh co him hc, v
mun gt ngi m di by cc hnh nghi k l. N c
nghip dng lm chng ngi tnh khng dua nnh v
tnh d dy bo. Ngha l ngi c tnh nnh ht quanh
co v ging li gt ngi m chiu thun theo thi

nghi, di by phng tin c lng ngi, hoc che

du li mnh khng chu nghe li dy bo ca thy bn.
N cng ly mt phn tham v si lm t th. La tham
v si th khng ring c tng v dng ca sim.
Hi l th no ? L tnh a lm tn hi kh no
cc hu tnh, khng c cht thng xt. N c nghip
dng lm chng ngi tnh khng hi, a bc no.
Ngha l ngi c tm hi th a bc no ngi khc.
N cng ly mt phn sn nhu lm t th. La sn
nhu th khng ring c tng v dng ca hi. Nn
bit, chun theo mi mt thin, sn v hi, tng khc
nhau, khng sn th cho vui (t), khng hi th cu kh
(bi) khc nhau.
Kiu l th no ? L tnh m say kiu ngo, nhim
m su xa i vi s vinh thnh ca mnh. N c
nghip dng lm chng ngi tnh khng kiu v lm
ch nng cho nhim m. Ngha l ngi m say kiu
ngo th d sanh trng ht thy iu tp nhim. N
cng ly mt phn tham i lm t th. La tham i th
khng ring c tng v dng ca kiu.
V tm l th no ? L tnh khng bit nhn li
iu mnh lm, c khinh khi chng c iu hin thin.
N c nghip dng lm chng ngi tnh bit h, sanh
trng iu c. Ngha l i vi iu mnh lm khng
bit nhn li, c khinh khi chng c hin thin, khng
bit h trc iu ti li, sanh trng cc iu c.
V qu l th no ? L tnh khng bit nhn ngi
khc, c tn sng qu trng iu bo c. N c nghip
dng lm chng ngi tnh bit thn, sanh trng iu
c. Ngha l khng bit trng nhn ngi khc, c nhm
mt tn sng qu trng iu bo c, khng bit h ti
li, sanh trng cc c hnh.
Khng bit h ti li, l tng thng c hai th v
tm, v qu. Cho nn cc Thnh gio gi ni l th.
Nu chp khng bit h l hai tng ring, khng h
theo v tm v khng h theo v qu, th th n vn

khng sai khc. Do m hai php y khng th cng

sanh mt ln, khng phi nh th v tng c ngha .
Nu v i i vi t vi tha m lp ra v tm v v
qu, th n khng phi tht c, bn tri vi Thnh gio.
Cn nu chp nhn hai th l c tht th m pht
khi ring bit, th li tri vi lun ni hai th u
bin khp cc c tm. Khi tm bt thin ni ln th bt
c duyn cnh no cng u c tnh khinh khi chng
c iu thin v tn sng qu trng u c, cho nn ni
hai th v tm v v qu ny bin khp cc c tm,
cnh s duyn ca hai th khng khc, nn n khng
c li khi ring. Nhng cc thnh gio ni khng nhn
n mnh v ngi, l chnh mnh lm gi l t, th
gian gi l tha. Hoc trong chng c thin hay tn
sng c i vi mnh n em li li ch hay tn hi m
gi l t v tha, nhng lun ni n l mt phn ca
tham v.v... tc l ni n l phn ng lu ca tham
v.v... ch khng phi chnh tham l tnh ca v tm, v
qu (tc do tham din tin m thnh v tm, v qu ch
n khng phi mt phn ca tham).
Tro c l th no ? L tnh khin tm khng tch
tnh i vi cnh. N c nghip dng lm chng ngi
hnh x v vic tu Xa-ma-tha (tc tu Ch). C kin
cho rng tro c nhip thuc v mt phn tham. Lun
ch ni n l mt phn ca tham, v n do nh li
chuyn vui ngy trc m pht sanh.
C kin cho rng tro c khng phi nhip v
tham, v Lun ni : Tro c bin khp cc nhim tm.
Li tng ca tro c l khng tch tnh, v n l tng
chung gia cc phin no. Tro c nu la cc phin no
th khng c tng v dng ring. Tuy da tt c phin
no m gi lp, nhng trong phn tham tng hn nn
ni tro c l mt phn ca tham.
C kin cho rng tro c c t tnh ring, n
bin khp cc nhim tm, nh bt tn v.v... khng phi
v ni n l mt phn ca ci khc m th n khng

tht. Ch bo bt tn v.v... cng l gi hu. Nhng Lun

ni : N ch c theo ngha th tc, cng nh thy min
v.v..., l ni theo tng ca ci khc (theo phin
no khc). tng ring ca tro c chnh l tnh huyn
ng lm cho Tm, Tm s cng sanh vi n khng
c tch tnh. Nu la phin no, khng ring c tng
tro c, khng nn ni ring tro c lm chng ngi
Xa-ma-tha. Cho nn khng tch tnh, khng phi l
tng ring ca tro c.
Hn trm l th no ? L tnh khin tm i vi
cnh khng kham ni. N c nghip dng lm chng
ngi khinh an v vic tu T-bt-x-na (tu Qun).
C kin cho rng hn trm l mt phn ca si.
Lun ch ni n l si phn, hn mui trm trng l
tng ca si.
C kin cho rng hn trm khng phi ch nhip
v si. Ngha l khng kham ni l tng ca hn trm.
Tt c phin no u c tnh khng kham ni. La tnh
khng kham ni khng ring c tng hn trm.
Tuy da tt c phin no m gi lp hn trm, nhng
trong v tng si tng hn, nn ch ni hn trm l
mt phn si.
C kin cho rng hn trm c t tnh ring. Tuy
gi l si phn, nhng l ng lu ca si, cng nh bt
tn v.v... khng phi n chnh l si. Ni theo tha tng
(l theo tham, sn, si m c n), gi n l c theo ngha
th tc, cng nh thy min v.v... l c tnh tht.
Tng ring ca hn trm chnh l hn mui trm
trng, khin cho Tm, Tm s cng sanh vi n cng
trm trng khng kham ni. Nu la phin no ra th
khng ring c tng hn trm, khng nn ni ring
hn trm lm chng ngi vic tu T-bt-x-na. Cho
nn tnh khng kham ni, khng phi l tng ring ca
hn trm. Hn trm vi tng si c khc nhau l, si th
m m i vi cnh, trc tip chng ngi khng si,
nhng khng phi hn m trm trng. Cn tng ca

hn trm l hn m trm trng i vi cnh, v trc

tip chng ngi khinh an, nhng khng phi m m.
Bt tn l th no ? L tnh ca tm u khng
nhn chu vui thch mong mun i vi Tht, c,
Nng. N c nghip dng lm chng ngi lng tin
thanh tnh, v lm ch nng cho a lc. Ngha l
ngi khng c lng tin th d bing li, ba tng ca
bt tn, ngc li vi tn l tin Tht, c, Nng. Nhng
cc php nhim u c tng ring, ch bt tn ny t
tng l trc lm trc cc Tm, Tm s khc,
nh vt rt nhp, t lm nhp li lm nhp vt khc,
cho nn ni bt tn ly tm u lm tnh. Do bt tn
nn i vi Tht, c, Nng khng nhn chu, vui
thch, mong mun ch khng phi bt tn c tnh ring.
Nu i vi vic khc m Tm nhn chu, vui thch,
mong mun mt cch t vy, th ch l nhn qu ca
khng tin (thuc t dc, t thng gii) ch khng phi l
t tnh ca bt tn.
Gii i l th no ? L tnh li bing i vi
vic tu thin on c. N c nghip dng lm chng
ngi tinh tn v lm tng nhim. Ngha l ngi li
bing th nui ln s nhim. Ngi sing nng theo
vic nhim cng gi l gii i, v s sing nng
lm h mt iu thin. Ngi sing nng theo vic v
k th i vi iu thin cng khng c tin thoi g.
y ch thuc dc v t thng gii, ch khng c tnh
ring ca s sing nng . Nh i vi vic v k m
nhn chu, vui thch, mong mun th khng phi l
tnh hay nhim cng khng phi l tn hay bt tn.
Phng dt l th no ? L tnh phng ng khng
bit phng nga iu nhim, tu iu thanh tnh. N c
nghip dng lm chng ngi tnh khng phng dt v
lm ch da cho iu c c tng, iu thin b gim.
Ngha l do gii i v tham, sn, si nn khng ngn
nga nhim, khng tu tp thanh tnh, gi chung l
phng dt, ch khng phi c t th phng dt ring.

Tuy mn, nghi v.v... cng c kh nng ny nhng so

vi gii i v tham, sn, si th mn, nghi yu km
khng mnh nh tham, sn, si lm chng ngi ba thin
cn v gii i lm chng ngi tinh tn (nn khng
da vo mn, nghi lp phng dt). Suy cu tng
phng dt cng nh tng bt phng dt.
Tht nim l th no ? L tnh khng ghi nh r
rng cc cnh s duyn. N c nghip dng lm chng
ngi chnh nim v lm ch da cho tn lan. ngha l
ngi tht nim th tm tn lon.
C kin cho rng tht nim l mt phn ca
nim, v l ci nim c phin no tng ng.
C kin cho rng, tht nim l mt phn ca si,
v lun Du-gi ni : Tht nim l si phn. Si khin
cho nim b mt, nn gi l tht nim.
C kin cho rng tht nim l mt phn ca
tham, sn, si v.v... v do hai vn trc i chiu lc
ni, v Lun cn ni : Tht nim bin khp cc nhim
tm.
Tn lon l th no ? L tnh lm cho tm lu
ng i vi cnh s duyn. N c nghip dng lm
chng ngi chnh nh v lm ch da cho c tu.
Ngha l ngi tn lon th pht sanh c tu.
C kin cho rng tn lon l mt phn ca si, v
lun Du-gi ni : "Tn lon l si phn.
C kin cho rng tn lon nhip thuc vo tham,
sn, si, v Tp Lun ni : "Tn lon l ba phn tham,
sn, si. Lun Du-gi ni : "Tn lon l si phn", l v
n bin khp cc tm nhim, tc l tham, sn, si khin
tm lu linh phng ng hn php g khc, nn ni l
tn lon.
C kin cho rng tn lon c t th ring. Tp
Lun ni : "Ba phn tham, sn, si...", l ni tn lon
l tnh ng lu ca ba th tham, sn, si, nh v tm
v.v... ch khng phi ni tn lon chnh l tham, sn, si.
Ty theo tng khc (l tng tham, sn, si) m ni,

gi l c theo ngha th tc. Tng ring ca tn lon l

tho ng nhiu lon khin cho Tm, Tm s cng sanh
vi n u b lu ng. Nu la ba th tham, sn, si
khng c t th tn lon ring, th Lun khng nn ni
ring tn lon lm chng ngi Tam-ma-a (nh).
- Tro c v tn lon hai tc dng khc nhau th
no ? Tro c khin tm bin i s hiu bit (cng ni
mt cnh m bin ng, va hiu ny, li hiu khc,
khng yn nh ngn n soi mt ch m c nhp nhy)
tn lon khin tm bin i cnh duyn (va duyn
cnh ny i sang duyn cnh khc khng yn nh
ngn n va soi ch ny li soi ch khc lia la). Tuy
trong mt st-na th hiu bit v cnh duyn khng i,
nhng trong nhiu st-na tip ni th c s bin i .
Trong khi tm nhim, thng do nng lc ca tro c
v tn lon m lm cho tm bin i hiu bit v bin
i cnh duyn. Nu c lc tm ng yn l hoc do
nng lc ca nim v.v.. ch phc nh dy buc kh,
vn khin ng yn tm thi, cho nn tro c v tn
lon u khp cc tm nhim.
Bt chnh tri l th no ? L tnh hiu lm i vi
cnh s qun. N c nghip dng lm chng ngi s
hiu bit ng, lm ch da cho s hy phm.
C kin cho rng bt chnh tri nhip v mt phn
ca tu, tc tu c phin no tng ng thnh bt chnh
tri. C kin cho rng bt chnh tri l nhip v mt
phn ca si, v lun Du-gi ni : "Bt chnh tri l si
phn. Si khin ci bit khng ng, gi l bt chnh
tri.
C kin cho rng bt chnh tri l mt phn chung
ca cc phin no, v do hai vn trc y i chiu
lc ni, v Lun cn ni : "Bt chnh tri bin khp cc
nhim tm.
- Trong bi tng c 3 ch d, tinh, cp l hin th
ty phin no khng phi ch c 20 th, v trong lun
Tp S ni : "C nhiu th phin no ca tham, sn

v.v..."; ni : Ty phin no cng nhip lun c cc

phin no nhim khc ngoi 20 th trn", v n l
tnh ng lu ca cn bn phin no trc kia. Cc
php phin no nhim khc ng loi vi cn bn
phin no th ch gi l Ty phin no, ch khng nhip
vo cn bn phin no. Nay ch ni hai mi Ty phin
no l v n khng phi cn bn phin no, n ch
nhim v th trng. Cn nhng php nhim khc hoc
l phn v ca Ty phin no, hoc l tnh ng lu ca
Ty phin no, u nhip thuc vo y. Ty theo loi
khc nhau, nh l nn bit.
- Trong hai mi Ty phin no nh th, tiu ty
mi, i ty hai, chc chn l gi c ; cn v tm, v
qu, bt tn, gii i, chc chn l tht c, v c gio v
l chng thnh. Tro c, hn trm, tn lon ba th, c
kin cho l gi, c kin cho l tht. V dn gio v l
lm chng, nh trc nn bit.
- Hai mi Ty phin no u c cu sanh v phn
bit, v n ty theo th lc ca hai th phin no cn
bn cu sanh v phn bit pht khi.
Trong hai mi Ty phin no , tiu Ty phin
no mi th t phn, hn n hi, kiu l ln lt thay
nhau sanh khi, ch chc chn khng cng sanh khi
mt ln, v tnh n tri nhau. Hnh tng mi th th
trng mnh lit, t lm ch ring. Cn trung ty phin
no hai th l v tm, v qu th tng ng vi tt c
tm bt thin, n cng sanh khi mt ln vi c tiu ty
v i ty. Lun ni: "i ty phin no tm th t bt
tn, n bt chnh tri th bin khp cc nhim tm, n
thay nhau cng sanh khi vi tiu ty, trung ty. C
ch ni su th l bt tn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim,
tn lan, bt chnh tri bin khp nhim tm, v khi hn
trm v tro c tng mnh th cng khi mt ln. C
ch ch ni nm th bin khp nhim tm v hn trm,
tro c ch tri vi thin, ngha l hn trm th chng
khinh an, tro c th chng hnh x.

- Hai mi Ty phin no ch l nhim nn

khng tng ng vi thc th tm. Thc th by ch l
tng ng vi tm i ty. Hoc th hoc x khc nhau
nn bit nh trn. Thc th su tng ng vi c hai
mi th. Tiu ty mi, c tnh th mnh khng
tng ng vi nm thc trc, trung ty v i ty
thng nhau, trong nm thc u c .
- Do trung ty, i ty tng ng vi nm th.
C kin cho rng tiu ty mi tr ba l sim, cung,
kiu, by th cn li l phn, hn v.v... tng ng vi
ba th l h, u, x; ba th sim, cung, kiu tng ng
vi bn th, tr kh th. C kin cho rng phn v.v...
tng ng vi bn th, tr lc th ; cn sim, cung,
kiu ba th th tng ng vi c nm th. thc c
kh th, trc ni.
Tng Ty phin no tng ng vi nm th. Ba
th cn li tng ng thm lc th. Trung ty, i ty
th tng cng c ngha ng nh th.
- Hai mi Ty phin no nh th u cng sanh
khi vi nm Bit cnh, v khng tri nhau. Nim
nhim, tu nhim (nim nhim tc l tht nim, tu
nhim tc l bt chnh tri). Tuy khng cng pht sanh
vi nim v tu, nhng n l si phn (v minh), nn
cng c tng ng. Nim cng duyn c loi
cnh hin ti v thng tp quen, Phn cng duyn
c st-na qu kh, cho nn phn v nim cng c
tng ng nhau. Khi nh nhim pht khi, tm cng
tho ng nhiu lon, cho nn lon v nh tng
ng.
- Trung ty hai, i ty tm, vi mi th cn bn
phin no, cng tng ng nhau. Tiu ty mi th
chc chn khng tng ng vi c kin v nghi, v
tng n th ng ; cn c kin v nghi th thm xt vi
t. Phn, hn, no, tt, hi nm th tng ng vi mn
v nghi, ch khng tng ng vi tham v sn, v n l
mt phn ca sn. Xan, si, mn cng tng ng vi

nhau ch khng phi tham v sn cng tng ng

c, v n l mt phn ca tham. Kiu th tng ng
vi si, khc vi mn v gii i, l mt phn ca tham.
Ph, cung, sim, tham, si mn tng ng nhau, v
hnh tng khng tri nhau u l mt phn ca tham
si.
- Tiu ty by l phn, hn, no, ph, tt, kiu, hi.
Trung ty hai l v tm, v qu, ch nhip v tnh bt
thin. Tiu ty ba l sim, cung, kiu. i ty tm
cng thng c tnh v k.
- Tiu ty by, trung ty hai, ch nhip thuc v
Dc gii. Cung v sim thng c Dc v Sc gii. Cc
th cn li thng c ba ci. Sanh h a, c th khi
sanh mi mt th ca thng a, v tham m nh
cnh m khi tm kiu, i vi Dc gii li khi tm
cung, sim. Nu sanh thng a th khi mi th
sau ca h a, t kin v i tng ng nhau nn c th
khi ln ni . Tiu ty mi, khi sanh thng a,
th khng cn l do khi ln h a, v n khng phi
th trc tip nhun sanh v khng phi t kin ph bng
tch dit. Trung ty hai, i ty tm ci di cng
duyn c ci trn ; v tng ng vi tham duyn
ci trn m khi vy.
C kin cho rng tiu ty mi th ci di
khng th duyn ci trn ; v hnh tng n th trng
thin cn khng th chp th cnh xa.
C kin cho rng tt v.v... cng duyn c ci
trn, v i vi php ci cao hn m sanh tt . i
ty tm th thm sim, cung ci trn cng duyn
c ci di; v tng ng vi mn duyn ci di
m khi ln vy.
V nh Phm thin i vi Thch t khi tm sim,
cung. Kiu khng duyn ci di v khng phi i
tng ng th.
- Hai mi Ty phin no u nhip thuc phi hc
phi v hc, v n ch l nhim, m hc v v hc l tnh.

- Mi th sau trong hai mi Ty phin no ch

thng kin o v tu o on, v n tng ng vi hai
th cn bn phin no cu sanh v phn bit khi ln.
- Phin no kin s on l th phin no ty ch
n m v tng T hoc tng hoc bit, cng lc
sanh ra, cho nn ty s thch ng m n u thng c
bn b hoc (tc bn b phin no do m l Bn
pht sanh, phin no do m mt m sanh, l mt
b hoc, m Bn thnh bn b hoc). M Bn
hoc trc tip m, hoc gin tip m, u ni nh cch
ni v phin no.
C kin cho rng mi th trc trong hai mi
Ty phin no ch l th phin no do tu on, v nhm
vn cu sanh, duyn cnh s tng th thin.
C kin cho rng n cng thng c kin o v tu
o on, v da theo th lc hai th cn bn phin no
l cu sanh v phn bit khi ln, v duyn t kin ca
ngi khc cng sanh phn, hn v.v...
Kin s on hoc (phin no do kin o on
tr) l ty theo nng lc n duyn Bn hoc tng v
bit nn n u thng c bn b hoc (bn b phin
no).
Trong y c kin cho rng phn v.v... ch gin
tip duyn theo lu hoc m l Bn pht sanh, ch
khng phi trc tip m l Bn ; v hnh tng n
th thin khng chp th c i su xa.
C kin cho rng tt v.v... cng trc tip m l
Bn , v i vi Dit , o sanh ganh ght.
Nhng mi th nh phn, hn v.v... ch duyn
cc s tht, v phi da bn cht ca s tht mi sanh
c. Duyn php hu lu, chun theo trn y m bit.
(Ht cun su theo bn Hn)
ni tng ca hai mi Ty phin no, bn
Bt nh tm s, tng n th no ?

Tng ni :
Bt nh l Hi, Min,
Tm, t hai u hai.
Lun rng : Bn th Hi, Min, Tm, T i vi
thin v nhim u bt nh ; khng phi nh xc, tc
v.v... nh bin khp cc tm ; khng phi nh dc,
thng gii v.v... nh bin khp cc a, cho nn lp tn
bt nh.
Hi l tc, l tnh ght vic mnh lm, truy c
hi hn ; c nghip dng lm chng ngi tu ch (v hi
th hay tro c). y l danh t chnh ni qu (truy hi)
m gi lp nhn ( tc), trc ght vic mnh lm
(nhn), sau mi nh li hi hn (qu) ; hoc hi hn sao
trc kia ta khng lm, cng l tc, nh truy hi rng
: Sao ta trc kia khng lm vic nh th, nh th, y
l tc.
Min l thy min, ng ngh, c tnh khin tm
mui lc (lit), thn khng t ti, v c nghip dng
lm chng ngi tu qun (v min th hay hn trm).
Ngha l khi n ng m th thn khng t ti, tm rt
hn m bi lit, n ch mt mt hng bn trong.
Mui l khc vi khi tu nh, lc l khc vi khi
thc. hin by thy min khng phi l khng c th
dng, tuy nm v tm v (l khi khng c thc khi
ln, v tm nh khi nhp V tng nh, Dit tn nh,
thy min, cht ngt, tri V tng) cng gi lp tn
gi thy min nhng cng nh nm ci v mi trin.
Nm ci l nm th ngn che tm, l tham dc, sn
nhu, hn trm thy min, tro c tc, v nghi. Mi
trin l mi th tri buc tm, l v tm, v qu, tt,
xan, hi, min, tro c, hn trm, phn, ph) tng ng
vi tm (cho nn ni nh c tht th dng).
- C kin cho rng : Hi v Min ly si lm
th, v lun Du-gi ni : N l Ty phin no v si
phn.

- C kin cho rng ni th khng ng, v Hi,

Min cng thng c thin tnh. Nn ni hai th nu
nhim th ly si lm th, nu thanh tnh tc ly khng
si lm th. Lun da theo phn nhim m ni Hi, Min
l nhip vo Ty phin no v si phn.
- C kin cho rng kia ni th cng khng ng
l, v Hi, Min cng thng v k m v k th tnh
khng phi si v khng si. Nn ni tc ly t v tu
lm th, v do tu v t suy xt chn la vic lm. Cn
thy min th hp dng mt phn t v tng lm th,
v khi ng vn t tng cc cnh mng. V Lun u
ni n ch c theo ngha th tc. Tnh nhim ca Hi,
Min l tnh ng lu ca si ; nh bt tn l si phn.
- C kin cho rng ni th khng ng, v khng
phi t, tu, tng, m chnh ly s trin phc thn
tm l tnh ca Hi, Min. Nn ni hai th Hi, Min
u c t th ring, v c hnh tng khc vi cc Tm
s khc, nhng v ty theo tng si m ni c Hi,
Min, nn gi l c theo th tc.
Tm l tm cu, l tnh khin tm mau chng i
vi cnh ngn, qun st mt cch th thin.
T l t st, l tnh khin tm mau chng i vi
cnh ngn (cnh ca thc tip nhn phn nhiu da
theo danh ngn, ni cch khc l cnh ch c trn danh
ngn, ch khng c trn thc t - n hu gi danh,
v tht ngha). Qun st mt cch t nh, c hai th Tm
v T ny u c nghip dng lm ch nng thn
tm c an tr hay khng an tr. N ly mt phn t
v tu lm th, v i vi cnh ngn suy t nng cn
hay su xa m Tm v T thnh c ngha khc nhau.
Nu la t v tu th hai th Tm v T khng c th
loi ring.
- Trong bi Tng ch hai u hai c kin cho
rng Tm v T mi th u c nhim v tnh hai loi.
C kin cho rng li gii thch trn khng ng,
v Hi v Min cng c hai loi nhim v tnh. Nn ni

nh trc cc Tm s nhim c th l phin no, c th

l Ty phin no. Hai th Hi, Min v Tm, T ny
u c tnh bt thin v v k ; hoc l mi th u c
trin (hin hnh) v ty min (chng t).
C kin cho rng li gii trn cng khng ng,
v bi Tng sau khi nu bn th bt nh mi ni
n ch hai u hai . Vy nn ni hai l ch cho
hai th : Mt l Hi, Min. Hai l Tm, T. Hai th c
hai , chng loi khc nhau. Cho nn ni mt ch
hai l hin th hai th hai. Ngha l mi th u c
hai l nhim v khng nhim, ch khng phi nh cc
Tm s kia hoc ch l thin, hoc ch l nhim. Hoc
ch gin bit vi Tm s nhim cho nn ni hai u
hai . C ngi cng ni bn th l Ty phin
no.
Nay v hin th ngha bt nh ca bn th
kia, nn ni hai u hai. Tng ni nh th rt c tc
dng vy.
- Trong bn th , Tm v T chc l gi c, v
Thnh ni : N l do t v tu hp thnh Hi v
Min c ngi cng ni l gi c, v lun Du-gi ni :
N ch c theo th tc.
C kin cho rng hai th Hi, Min l tht c,
ch hai th Tm, T l gi c. C theo th tc l ni
da theo tng phin no khc mi c, ch khng phi
ch hai th Hi, Min l gi c. Li nh chng t
trong thc, th n tuy tht m c Lun cng ni : Ch
c theo th tc.
- Trong bn th Tm v T khng tng ng
nhau, v th loi tuy ng m bn Tm th, bn T t
khc nhau.
Da theo Tm, T c nhim hay la nhim m lp
ra ba a khc nhau, l hu tm hu t a (ci Dc v
S thin gia hnh), v tm duy t a (S thin cn
bn), v tm v t a (Nh thin), ch khng da theo
chng t hin hnh ca n c hay khng, cho nn

khng tp lon. - Tm, T v Hi, Min tng ng

c vi nhau. Hi, Min cng tng ng nhau.
- C bn th u khng tng ng vi thc th
by, th tm, nh trc ni. Hi, Min ch tng
ng vi thc th su, ch khng tng ng vi nm
thc trc. C kin cho Tm, T cng tng ng nm
thc trc, v Lun ni : nm thc c Tm, T.
Li ni Tm, T chnh l by cch phn bit, l
hu tng phn bit, v tng, nhm vn, tm cu, t
st, nhim , bt nhim phn bit. Lun Tp Tp li
ni: Nhm vn phn bit", l ng thc (ng thc
ch phn bit mt cch nhm vn t nhin, ch khng
phn bit theo cch c tm cu, t st).
- C kin cho rng Tm, T ch tng ng vi
thc. Lun ni : Tm cu, t st u l php ring ca
thc.
- Li ni Tm, T tng ng vi u v h th, ch
khng ni tng ng vi kh v lc th ; cn x th th
bin khp, khng i ni. Ti sao khng ni Tm T
tng ng vi kh v lc th ? Tuy S tnh l (S
thin), a vn c lc th, nhng lc khng ri h,
nn chung gi l h. Tuy ch thun kh, c kh th
ni a, nhng n tng t vi u, nn gi chung l
u.
Li ni Tm, T ly danh thn, c thn v.v... lm
cnh s duyn, ch khng phi nm thc trc m c
th ly danh thn, c thn v.v... lm cnh s duyn.
Nh lun Du-gi ni : nm thc c Tm, T", l
hin th Tm, T Sut nh, phn nhiu do nm thc dn
khi, ch khng phi ni Tm, T tng ng vi nm
thc. Lun Tp Tp ni : Nhm vn phn bit", l
nm thc, vi ngha phn bit c ni trong lun Dugi c khc nhau. Tp Tp kia ni : Nhm vn phn bit
chnh l nm thc tc ch cho t tnh phn bit, cn Dugi by th phn bit chnh l Tm, T tng ng vi ng

cu thc. Cho nn kia dn chng khng thnh. Do

nm thc quyt nh khng c Tm, T.
- C kin cho rng tc tng ng vi u v x
th, v n ch c trong khi lo u, thng c tnh v k.
Thy min tng ng vi c h, u v x th, v
hnh tng n thng c khi trung dung va mng va
lo. Tm, T tng ng vi c u, h, x, lc th, v
S tnh l thc tng ng vi lc.
- C kin cho rng bn th bt nh cng
tng ng vi kh th, v trong ch thun kh, thc
tng ng vi kh.
- Bn th Tm s bt nh u tng ng vi
nm Bit cnh, v hnh tng v s duyn ca hai bn
khng tri nghch nhau.
- Hi, Min ch tng ng vi mi Thin Tm s,
v ch ci Dc khng c tm khinh an. Tm, T th
tng ng c mi mt Thin Tm s, v trong S tnh
l vn tng ng vi khinh an. Hi ch tng ng vi
v minh. V hnh tng n th m tham v.v... th vi t.
Thy min, Tm, T tng ng vi mi tiu Ty
phin no, v kia, y qua li khng tri nhau.
Hi cng tng ng vi trung ty, i ty hoc,
ch khng phi vi phn, v phn v.v... mi tiu Ty,
v tiu ty mi th u t ch. Thy min, Tm, T
tng ng vi c hai mi Ty phin no, v trong khi
thy min u khi ln cc phin no .
- Bn bt nh Tm s u thng c ba tnh thin,
c, v k, v trong nghip v k cng c truy hi.
- C kin cho rng hai th Hi, Min ch c sanh
c thin, v hnh tng th b v mui lc. Cn hai
th Tm, T cng thng c gia hnh thin (sanh c
thin do tp quen t trc, by gi sanh ra l c, gia
hnh thin l iu thin do c gng gn bn lnh, nghe
chnh php ri suy ngh tht hnh m c c), v trong
khi nghe thnh tu vn c Tm, T.

- C kin cho rng hai th Hi, Min cng c gia

hnh thin, v trong khi vn v t vn c Hi, Min. Ba
th Min, Tm, T u thng c nhim, tnh v v k ;
cn tc (hi) th khng phi nhim, v s liu gii th
mnh.
Trong bn tnh v k l D thc, Oai nghi, Cng
xo, Bin ha (thn qu bo D thc trong ba ci l D
thc ; i, ng, nm, ngi l oai nghi ; khc chm v l
cng xo, bin ha thn thng l bin ha). Hi ch c
hai th v k gia v hnh tng n th mnh, khng
phi nh (bin ha v k) v qu bo (D thc v k)
Min th ch tr v k th t, v khng phi do nh dn
sanh, trong tm D thc sanh cng c Min vy. Tm,
T tr v k u, v s liu gii ca n vi t lit nhc,
khng th tm st c cc danh ngha.
tc v thy min ch c ci Dc. Tm, T c
c Dc gii, v S tnh l, v cc php cc a trn
u diu tnh, nn khng c bn Bt nh Tm s ny.
Hi, Min khi sanh thng a chc khng cn hin
khi. Tm, T khi sanh thng a cng c th duyn
cnh h a, khi sanh h a cng c th duyn cnh
thng a.
- C kin cho rng, Hi, Min khng th duyn
thng a, v hnh tng n th lu rt mui lc.
- C kin cho rng, Hi, Min cng duyn c
cnh thng a, v nh ngi c t kin hi hn vic tu
nh ca ci trn v v mng cng c th duyn khp
cc vic tri qua.
- Hi khng phi c v v hc, v khi la dc
b Hi. Thy min, Tm, T u thng c ba hc.
Ngi cu gii thot, c thin php hu vi, u gi l
hc. Ngi hc n cu cnh c thin hu vi, th gi
l v hc (thin php ny cn sanh dit nn gi l hu
vi).
Hi, Min ch thng kin o, tu o on tr, v
n cng do th lc t kin khi ln, v khng phi do v

lu o trc tip dn sanh, nn cng chng phi nh u

cn do tham cu gii thot m c, hoc v on ri
th gi l khng phi on. Tm, t tuy khng phi
chn v lu o nhng c th dn sanh v lu o v t
v lu o dn sanh nn n nhip c kin, tu v phi
s on.
- C kin cho rng Tm, T l phi s on, v
trong nm php (l tng, danh, phn bit, chnh tr,
nh nh), n ch nhip v phn bit, v lun Du gi ni
: Tm T l phn bit.
- C kin cho rng Tm T cng nhip thuc
chnh tr, v chnh t duy trong Tm chnh o l v
lu ; v chnh t duy c th khin tm tm cu. Li ni
Tm, T l nguyn nhn ca ngn thuyt (c Tm, T
mi khi ngn thuyt).
a v cha cu cnh th cha th bit khp
thuc v bnh, (thuc l php mn tu, bnh l tm bnh
ca chng sanh), do trong tr hu c, mun ni
php dy ngi, phi nh n Tm, T ch khng phi
nh Pht a v cng dng m ni. Cho nn Tm, T
cng thng v lu. Tuy ni Tm, T l phn bit,
nhng khng nht nh ni n thuc php phn bit th
ba, v trong chnh tr hu c cng... phn bit.
Cn phn bit bn Tm s Bt nh ny theo cc
mt khc, chun nh trn m bit. (33)
- Su v Tm s php nh trn l la Tm vng c
t tnh ring hay chnh l phn v sai bit ca Tm
vng ? Nu vy c li g ?
C hai cch u c li. V nu la Tm vng (tm
th) c t tnh ring th ti sao Thnh gio ni ch c
thc (ch khng ni Tm s). Li ti sao ni Tm mt
mnh i xa (ch khng ni Tm s). Su gii l a,
thy, ha, phong, khng, thc hp thnh hu tnh (ch
khng ni Tm s hp thnh). Lun Trang Nghim ni:
Li lm sao thng c? nh Lun ni tng rng :

"Cho tm t hai hin,

(t hai php thin nhim m hin)
Nh vy, t tham thy,
Hoc tng t tn thy,
Khng php nhim, tnh ring.
Nu Tm s chnh l phn v sai bit ca tm th
ti sao Thnh gio ni cng vi tm tng ng. C tnh
ring mi tng ng, ch khng phi t tnh m tng
ng t tnh. Li lm sao ni Tm v Tm s cng thi
khi nh mt tri v nh sng. V lun Du-gi ni :
Li lm sao thng c. Lun ny ni rng Tm s
chng phi chnh l Tm. Nh bi tng trong Lun kia
rng :
"Nm chng tnh khng thnh,
(ng chng tnh th un)
Phn v sai bit, li .
(ni do phn v sai bit m lp nm un,
sai)
V nhn duyn khng khc,
(trong mt st na)
L tri vi Thnh gio.
Nn ni Tm s la tm c t tnh ring.
V Tm thng hn nn ni l Duy thc, v Tm s
da th lc ca tm m sanh nn ni tm t kia hin,
ch khng phi php thin hin kia chnh l tm.
Li phm ni ch Thc tm l cng nhip lun
c Tm s, v thng tng ng vi tm. Do ni ch
Duy thc v ni hin t kia u khng c li. Nhn
y l ch da theo ngha th tc m ni l c, cn theo
thng ngha th Tm s v Tm chng phi la, chng

phi tc. Cc thc trng qua li vi nhau, nn bit cng

th.
l diu l chn tc ca i tha.
- ni Tm s tng ng vi su thc, vy
lm sao bit phn v hin khi ca n ?
Tng rng :
Nng da thc cn bn,
Nm thc theo duyn hin,
ng thi khi, hoc khng,
Nh sng mi nng nc.
thc thng hin khi,
Tr sanh tri V tng,
V hai nh V tm,
Khi ng say, cht ngt.
Lun rng : Cn bn thc tc l thc A--na th
tm, l cn bn sanh ra cc thc nhim tnh. Nng da
l su chuyn thc trc ly cn bn thc ny lm ch
nng trc tip chung.
Nm thc l nm chuyn thc trc. C chng loi
ging nhau, cho nn chung li gi ch ty duyn
hin l ni n khng phi thng sanh khi. Duyn
tc l tc , cn, cnh, khng, minh, Cn bn y (tc
thc th tm), Nhim tnh y (tc thc th by), Phn
bit y (tc thc th su) Chng t y. Ngha l nm thc
thn, bn trong nng cn bn thc, bn ngoi ty theo
tc v nm cn, nm cnh, khi cc duyn ha hp
mi hin khi c. Do hoc cng khi ln mt ln,
hoc khng, v ngoi duyn hp li c khi gp, khi dn

dn, nh sng nc ty theo duyn nhiu t m ni ln.

Php v d nh th ni rng nh trong Kinh.
Do nm chuyn thc hnh tng th ng, nng
cy cc duyn nhiu khi khng , cho nn lc sanh
khi th t m lc khng sanh khi th nhiu. Cn thc
th su tuy cng th ng, nhng cc duyn m n
nng cy khng lc no khng c , ch khi do duyn
tri ngc (nh v tm nh), mi c lc khng sanh
khi. Cn thc th by, thc th tm th hnh tng vi
t, cc duyn m n nng cy lc no cng c, cho
nn n khng b chng ngi v duyn lm cho n
khng hin hnh.
Li nm thc thn khng th t l, ch chuyn
hng ra bn ngoi nh nhiu duyn mi khi c,
cho nn lc gin on th nhiu, m lc hin hnh th t.
thc th su, t mnh t l, chuyn hng c
bn trong, bn ngoi, khng cn nh nhiu duyn cho
nn ch tr nm trng hp khng hin khi m thi.
V vy thc gin on th t, m hin khi th nhiu.
Do , khng ni thc ty duyn hin nh nm thc.
- Nm trng hp l g ? l sanh ci tri V
tng v.v...
Tri V tng l ngi tu nh V tng, do sc
nhm chn t tng th ph m c sanh trong ci
tri kia, tri vi Tm, Tm s khng hng hnh, ch ly
s dit tng lm chnh, nn gi l tri V tng. Cho
nn ti y su chuyn thc u on.
- C kin cho rng ci tri kia thng khng c
su thc, v Thnh gio ni : ci kia khng c
chuyn thc, ni : ch c sc thn (chi sc
trong 12 chi), li ni. l ch v tm.
- C kin cho rng ci tri kia khi sp mnh
chung phi khi ln chuyn thc sau mi mnh
chung, v tri kia phi khi ln phin no i nhun sanh
v ci di. Lun Du-gi ni : Khi t tng lc sau

cng hin ra th cc hu tnh ci y theo lin mt.

Nhng ni ci tri khng c chuyn thc l da vo
thi gian lu di m ni, ch khng phi hon ton
khng c.
- C kin cho rng tri V tng khi sanh cng
c chuyn thc, v thn trung hu kia chc chn phi
khi phin no i nhun sanh, nh thn bn hu cc
ci Thin, lc mi sanh cng phi c chuyn thc (t
khi cht n khi sanh l thn trung hu hay trung m,
khi th sanh l thn sanh hu t khi sanh n khi cht
l thn bn hu, khi cht l thn t hu. Gi l bn hu
lu chuyn). Lun Du-gi ni : Nu sanh ci tri V
tng, ch c nhp nh m khng khi nh. Nu c
t tng khi sanh th lin cht mt ngay . Gi ni
bc u sanh ca thn bn hu, nu khng c chuyn
thc th lm sao c th gi l nhp nh ? V trc c
sau khng mi gi l nhp.
Li trong Quyt trch phn ca lun Du-gi ni :
tri kia nhng Tm, Tm s sanh c dit ht gi
l v tng. Cu ny ni bc u sanh ca thn bn
hu kia c chuyn thc D thc sanh tm khi, ch do
sc nhn duyn tp nh t trc m sau chuyn
thc khng cn sanh li. Do sc nh V tng dn
khi ra phn v sai bit ca D thc v k m gi l v
tng. Nh hai nh V tng v dit tn do gia hnh
thin dn sanh, nn c gi l thin. Nu khng nh
vy, ht thy chuyn thc khng hin hnh, th sao ni
ch c Tm, Tm s sanh c dit ht ? Cho nn bit
trong bc u sanh ci tri V tng vn c su
chuyn thc tm khi.
- Tri V tng ch ti T tnh l (T Thin),
v ci di th t tng th ng kh on tr, m
thn D thc ci V sc trn th khng c ch D thc
v tng. Chnh do t nghip dn pht ra V tng
nh m chiu cm qu D thc ci tri V tng.

Trong bi tng cu : "V hai nh V tm l V

tng nh v Dit tn nh. hai nh ny u khng
c su thc, nn gi l v tm.
V tng nh l c k d sanh (phm phu) dp
c lng tham cu sanh ca ci tri Bin tnh Tam
thin, nhng cha dp c lng tham ci tri trn,
do trc tin tc v tng xut l lm cho Tm, Tm
s bt hng hnh (ni thc) on dit, ly s tng
dit lm u m lp tn V tng. V lm cho thn
an ha nn gi l nh. Tu tp nh ny c ba bc : Bc
tu h l php tu hin ti b thi m khng th mau
chng lm cho n pht hin tr li, nn sau sanh ci
tri V tng, thn khng my sng sch, hnh sc
khng my rng ln. nh gia chng cht yu. Tu bc
trung l php tu hin ti khng b thi, gi s c thi
cng mau chng pht sanh tr li, nn sau sanh ci
tri V tng, tuy thn rt sng sch, hnh sc rng ln,
nhng khng hon ton. Tuy c cht yu nhng khng
chc chn. Tu bc thng l php tu hin ti khng
thi. Sau sanh ci tri V tng, thn rt sng sch,
hnh sc rng ln, khng b cht yu, sng ht tui th
mi cht.
nh ny ch thuc vo T tnh l. Li ch l
thin, v do thin gia hnh dn sanh. H a v thng
a khng c nh ny, nh on trc ci tri V
tng ni. Trong bn nghip l thun hin th, thun
sanh th, thun hu th, thun bt nh th ; nh ny
c ba th, tr nghip thun hin th.
- C kin cho rng nh ny ch khi ln Dc
gii, do sc thuyt gio ca ngoi o m khi ln, v
trong loi Ngi mi c tu gii rt mnh li.
- C kin cho rng trc tu tp ci Dc, sau
sanh ln ci Sc, c th dn pht hin ra, tr sanh tri
V tng v tri Cu cnh.
nh V tng ny do nhm chn t tng v hn
thch qu bo ci tri V tng kia m nhp nh, cho

nn n ch l hu lu, ch khng phi Thnh nh v

lu.
Dit tn nh l bc Thnh Hu hc, V hc, hoc
l bc Thnh Hu hc m dp hoc la ht lng
tham cu sanh ci V s hu x, cn lng tham ci
Phi phi tng khng nht nh. Do trc ht tc v s
ngng dt tng lm cho Tm, Tm s nhim bt
hng hnh ni su thc v mt phn hng hnh ni thc
th by dit ht, m lp tn Dit tn. V v lm cho thn
an ha nn cng gi l nh. Li do nhm chn ring
th v tng, nn cng gi l nh Dit th tng.
Tu Dit tn nh ny c ba bc : Tu bc h th php
tu hin ti b thi ri l khng th mau chng lm pht
sanh li. Tu bc trung l php tu hin ti khng b thi,
gi s c b thi cng mau chng lm pht sanh li. Tu
bc thng, hon ton khng b thi.
nh ny khi mi tu phi da ci tri Hu nh
(Phi phi tng thin), du lch qun php v lu lm gia
hnh m nhp. Trong chn bc nh th lp (T thin,
T khng v Dit tn nh), nh ny cui cng, v
tuy thuc ci Hu nh nhng nhip v v lu.
Nu khi tu nh ny c t ti xut nhp, th
nhng tm sau cng ca by a kia (ngoi Hu nh)
nh ny cng c hin tin. nh ny tuy n thuc
o , nhng nhip v chng phi hc, v hc, v
y l tng t nh Nit-bn.
nh ny khi mi khi tu l trong ci Ngi, nh
sc thuyt gio ca Pht v t Pht m pht khi ; v
v trong ci Ngi c tu gii cc mnh li. Nh tu
ci Dc m sau sanh ln hai ci trn nh ny cng
c hin tin. Kinh --di l chng c cho iu ny.
Ci tri V sc cng gi l tri thnh. Ngi i vi
gio l dy v Tng thc cha c lng tin, th tuy c
sanh ci V sc cng khng pht khi nh ny, v h
s khng cn sc tm th tr thnh on dit. Nhng
ngi c tm tin i l Tng thc, th khi sanh ci

V sc, nh ny cng c hin ra, v h bit c Tng

thc, khng s on dit.
- Cn phi on ht lu hoc thuc kin s on
ca ba ci mi pht khi nh ny, v hng D sanh
phm phu khng th dp v dt Tm, Tm s do kin
s on ca ci Hu nh. Li nh ny vi diu phi do
tr Hu c sau khi chng hai Khng mi dn pht
sanh.
- C kin cho rng i trong nhm lu hoc tu s
on ca tm a di (chn a tr Phi phi tng cn
tm) phi dt ht chn phm tu hoc ca ci Dc, v
khc phc tu hoc ca by a kia, vy sau mi pht
khi c nh ny. V chng t lu hoc ci Dc c
hai tnh l bt thin v hu ph rt phin tp, lm
chng ngi nh dit tn ny rt mnh. Kinh Lun ni
ch qu Bt hon, Tam tha v hc, v cc B-tt, mi
c th c nh ny. Cc v y ty thch ng m sanh
ln tm a trn, sau u khi ln c nh ny.
- C kin cho rng phi on ht lu hoc thuc
loi tu s on bn a di, v dp hoc on cc
lu hoc ca nm a khc, vy sau mi bt u khi
ln nh ny, v chng t phin no tng ng vi bin
d th (l kh, lc, u, h) bn a di, lm chng
ngi vic tu nh ny rt mnh. Cc v ny ty theo s
thch c sanh ln nm ci trn m nh ny u c
khi ln sau.
Hi : Nu ch dp lu hoc ci di c th sanh
khi nh ny, sau lu hoc v khng on m khng
thi, vn c sanh ci trn. Lm sao sanh ci trn ri
mi on lu hoc ci di ?
p : on c, khng li g, nh ngi sanh ci
trn m on cu sanh hoc ca thc Mt-na ci di.
Nhng hng Thnh Bt hon, do sc i tr mnh,
chnh ngay khi thc nhun sanh, m khng khi hin
hnh phin no nhun sanh, ch do chng t lu hoc
(ch khng phi do hin hnh lu hoc) m nhun sanh

ci trn thi. Tuy lu hoc b dp, hoc c thi khi,

hoc khng thi khi, nhng khng c ngha dp lu
hoc ci di m sanh thng a. Cho nn khng c
ci li khi sanh ci trn mi on lu hoc ci di.
C nhng B-tt khi cn a v Nh tha c
Dit tn nh, sau mi hi tm hng n i tha,
mong trong tt c a v i tha ba Hin mi Thnh
u khi ln nh ny. Nu khng c vy th hoc c
hng i cho n khi Tht a (Vin hnh a) mn
tm, mi c th dp vnh vin ht thy phin no. Tuy
Tht a cha on hn tu hoc ca ci Dc, m nh l
on v c th khi ln nh ny, v Lun ni : Btt vo Vin hnh a mi c th hin khi Dit tn
nh.
Li c B-tt li cn t S a c th dp hn
ht thy phin no, nh A-la-hn. H trong Thp a
u khi ln nh ny, v Kinh ni : Hng B-tt su
a u cng c th khi Dit tn nh.
Bi tng ni : V tm thy min v mun tuyt,
ngha l khi ng m man, v cht ngt trm trng th
su thc trc khng hin hnh. Do cc duyn mt mi
nng n dn thn n ch tri vi su thc, nn gi l
ng m trm trng. khi ng m tuy khng c t th Tm
s ng, song do Ng dn n t nh Tm s ng m
gi gi l ng m.
Li do duyn cm mo gi v nng dn thn n
ch tri vi su thc trc, cho nn gi cht ngt trm
trng, hoc ni cc duyn u l thiu phn ca xc.
Tr nm trng hp trn , thc thng hin
khi.
Hi : Ngay trong khi sanh v cht cng khng c
thc, ti sao ch ni nm trng hp trn, thc khng
hin hnh ?
- C kin cho rng chnh khi cht v khi sanh
cng u khng c thc, m ch cp v ch d
trong bi Tng l ni r iu ?

p : Kia ni th khng ng, v sao ? V Thnh

gio ch ni c su trng hp v tm m thi. l
nm trng hp nu trn v V d Nit-bn. Nn
ni khi cht khi sanh, nhip thuc v khi cht ngt lm
mt, v tm khi sanh v cht l trng hp rt mun
tuyt vy. Tuy ni ch cp ch d chnh l hin th
nm trng hp v tm, khi b ln ln. Trong y hin
r sau khi su thc on, th da vo t chng ca n
ni bn thc m khi tr li, do m khng cho nm
trng hp v tm ny l nhp V d y Nit-bn (V
d y Nit-bn th khng khi li thc).
Trong nm trng hp v tm trn, k d sanh c
bn, tr Dit nh ; Thnh, ch c ba trng hp sau ;
trong Nh Lai v T Ti B-tt ch cn mt trng
hp sau ht l Dit tn nh, ch khng c thy min,
mun tuyt.
Cho nn tm thc ni cc hu tnh, c thc th
tm v th by l thng cng chuyn mt ln, nu
khi thc th su th c ba thc cng khi l thc
th su, by, tm. Cn nm thc kia ty theo duyn hp
m khi ln t mt n nm, thi c bn thc cng
chuyn ( l Nhn thc, thc, Mt-na, bt. Nh
thc khi cng nh vy), cho n c tm thc cng
chuyn.
y l lc ni ngha cc thc cng khi sanh.
Hi : Nu mt hu tnh m c nhiu thc cng
chuyn hin mt ln th ti sao ni l mt hu tnh?
p : Nu da theo thc khi ln nhiu t m lp
hu tnh, th theo ng, ngi trng hp v tm l
khng phi hu tnh sao ? Li trong trng hp c mt
phn tm ca ci khc hin ra, ti sao ch c th ni l
t phn hu tnh (nh ci Ngi m trong tm h
khi ln nim c ca a ngc, sao khng gi ngi
l hu tnh a ngc, m ch gi h l ngi)? Nhng l
do lp hu tnh l da ni mng cn hoc D thc thc
(qu bo thc), u khng tri l ; v mng cn v thc

D thc u thng c, v ch c mt (thnh mt hu

tnh).
Hi : Mt thn ch mt ng v gin duyn (ch
mt thn m nim trc l lm duyn cho nim sau, to
thnh tip ni mt loi thn), vy ti sao cng lc li c
nhiu thc chuyn hin ?
p : chp nhn mt ng v gin duyn dn
ra nhiu Tm s nim sau, th ti sao li khng chp
nhn mt ng v gin duyn ny c th dn ra nhiu
Tm vng ? Li ai nht nh ni ng v gin duyn
ch c mt ? Nhng ni nhiu thc cng sanh th phi
chp nhn c nhiu ng v gin duyn. Li nh mun
cng mt lc tip nhn c nhiu cnh, nhiu cnh
hin ra, lm sao khng kp nhn. V cc cn v cc cnh
c s ha hp ngang nhau, m thc th sanh trc sanh
sau l khng ng l. Li nh th tnh cc Tm s tuy
khng khc nhau nhng th loi thin c khc nhau,
chp nhn c nhiu tm cng sanh, th ti sao khng
chp nhn Tm vng c cc th loi Tm s khc
nhau vn c cng sanh mt ln ? Li nh sng trong
nc, bng trong gng, ch da ni mt nc v mt
gng m khi ln nhiu th, cho nn da mt Tm
vng m nhiu thc cng khi ln cng th. Li nu
khng chp nhn thc cng khi vi nm thc, th
nm thc tip nhn cnh s duyn khng th r rng,
nh khi thc tn lon, duyn vt dit mt t lu.
Hi : Ti sao cng khi vi nm thc ch mt
thc, m i vi sc, thanh v.v... li c th tip nhn
mt th hoc nhiu th ?
p : Nh Nhn thc v.v... mi mi i vi cnh
ca ring mnh m tip nhn mt th hoc nhiu th,
th c li g? V kin phn v tng phn ca su thc
u c nhiu th.
Hi : Ti sao cc thc ng th loi vi nhau m
khng cng sanh khi (trong mt st na khng hai thc
ng loi khi ln) duyn mt cnh ?

p : i vi cnh s duyn, nu c th nhn r

th mt thc c th nhn r ri, cc thc khc khng
dng na.
Hi : Nu vy, nm thc nhn r cnh ca ring
mnh, cn g c thc cng khi mi nhn r ?
p : Ng cu thc cn gip cho nm thc khi,
ch khng phi ch mt vic nhn r cnh ca nm thc
duyn. Li thc i vi cnh s duyn ca nm thc
c th nhn bit c r rng khc vi nm thc, cho
nn khng phi v dng. Do Thnh gio ni thc
gi l c phn bit, cn nm thc th khng.
Hi : Nhiu thc cng khi sao khng tng ng
nhau (nh Tm, Tm s tng ng nhau) ?
p : V khng phi ng mt cnh. Gi s ng
mt cnh th ch nng cn v th loi ca thc ny
thc kia khc nhau (nh nm thc nng nm cn m
thc ch nng cn, nm thc tng ng ba mi bn
Tm s m thc th tng ng nm mi mt Tm
s). Vy nm thc cng nm cn tuy ng duyn mt
cnh song khng tng ng nhau.
- T tnh tm thc khng th ni nht nh l mt,
v hnh tng (kin phn), ch nng (cn), cnh s
duyn v Tm s tng ng khc nhau. Li mt thc
ny dit, cc thc khc khng dit, v tng nng hun
v s hun khc nhau. Nhng cng khng phi nht
nh l khc, v Kinh ni tm thc nh nc v sng,
bnh ng khng sai khc (thc th tm nh nc, by
chuyn thc nh sng). Nu tm thc nht nh khc
nhau th khng phi l tnh nhn qu ca nhau. Tm
thc l y tha khi, v nh s huyn khng c tnh nht
nh.
Nh trc ni thc tng sai bit l da theo l
th tc m ni, ch khng phi theo l chn thng
ngha ; v trong l chn thng ngha th tm v ngn
u dt. Nh bi tng trong kinh Lng Gi ni :

"Tm, , thc tm th,

Do tc, tng c khc,
Do chn, tng khng khc,
Tng, s tng u khng.
- Trn phn bit rng tng ca ba nng
bin, lm ch nng cho hai phn Kin, Tng m
n bin ra. Lm sao bit nng ni tng ca thc
bin, gi ni l ng, l php, ch ng php khng
c thc th ring v do m ht thy duy c thc
?
Tng rng :
"Cc thc y chuyn bin,
Phn bit, b phn bit,
Do kia, y u khng,
Nn ht thy Duy thc.
Lun rng : Cc thc y, l ba thc nng bin v
Tm s ca n nh ni trc, chng u c th bin
ra tng t hai phn Kin v Tng, gi l chuyn
bin. Kin phn c bin ra, gi l phn bit, v c kh
nng nhn bit tng phn. Tng phn c bin ra,
th gi l b phn bit, v l tng ca Kin phn nhn
bit.
Do l ngha chnh ng , m bit ng v php
kia la khi s bin hin ca thc, th u nht nh
khng c. V la khi nng th (Kin phn) v s th
(Tng phn) th khng c ring vt g c. Khng
th c mt tht vt g la khi tng nng th, s th
. Cho nn ht thy php Hu vi (Sc, Tm, Tm s,
Bt tng ng hnh), V vi (H khng v vi v.v...)
hoc tht (Sc, Tm), hoc gi (Bt tng ng hnh)
u khng la khi thc.
Ch Duy ch ngn cc tht vt la ngoi thc,
ch khng phi ngn lun Tm s php v.v... khng

la thc (Duy l ngn ngoi cnh chng phi c, Thc l

biu th Tm, Tm s chng phi khng).
Hoc ch Chuyn bin c ngha l ni thc
chuyn hin ra tng ng php tng t nh l cnh
bn ngoi. Chnh kh nng chuyn bin , gi l phn
bit, v ly h vng phn bit lm t tnh, chnh l
Tm v Tm s trong ba ci.
Cnh c chp , gi l b phn bit, tc l ng
v php b vng chp cho l tht c. Do tnh phn bit
bin ra gi ng, gi php t nh l cnh bn ngoi,
ch tht ng v tht php b phn bit chp trc kia
quyt nh u l khng c. Trc kia dn gio v l
ph u th nn ht thy Duy c Thc, ch do h
vng phn bit m c thi, u cc thnh.
Ch Duy khng ngn nhng php khng la
thc, vy chn khng v.v... cng l c, m khng la
thc.
Do xa la bnh chp trc nh bin l chp tng
v chp gim, nn ngha l Duy thc c thnh tu,
kh hp Trung o.
Hi : Do gio l g m ngha l Duy thc c
thnh lp ?
p : iu , chng ni ri sao ?
Hi : Tuy ni m cha r, v khng phi ch ph
ngha l ca ngi khc, m ngha l ca mnh t nhin
c thnh. Hy nn trnh by xc ng thm thnh
lp gio l Duy thc ny ?
p : Kh kinh ni Ba ci duy tm"; li ni :
Cc cnh s duyn u Duy thc bin hin ; li ni:
Cc php u khng la tm"; Li ni : Hu tnh cu
hay tnh l do tm"; li ni : Hng B-tt thnh tu
c bn tr, th c th ty theo ng nhp l Duy
thc v cnh. Bn tr l :
1. Tng vi thc tng tr - Tc tr bit v tng
mu thun nhau gia cc thc. Ngha l nh i ni
mt cnh m qu, ngi, tri theo nghip sai khc, nhn

thy khc nhau (nh ng mt cnh m qu thy l

mu, ngi thy l nc, tri thy l lu ly). Cnh nu
tht c, th ti sao li thy khc nhau nh vy ?
2. V s duyn thc tr - Tc tr bit v thc duyn
v cnh. Nh khi duyn cnh tng qu kh, v lai, v
cnh trong mng, n khng phi c cnh tht m thc
vn hin thy c. Cnh kia khng m vn thy c, th
cc cnh khc trong hin ti cng vy.
3. T ng v o tr - Tc tr bit v tr k ngu t
khng in o. Nh nu tr k ngu duyn ng c
cnh tht, th tr t nhin l tr khng in o, h
khng cn phi dng cng tu vn c gii thot. (
ni nu ng php c tht th ngi no thy c ng php
l ngi thy ng, khng in o. khng in o
th h khng cn g phi tu dt ng chp cu gii
thot).
4. Ty ba tr chuyn tr, l :
a. Ty t ti gi tr chuyn tr - Tc ngi
chng c tm t ti, ty h mun chuyn bin t
thnh nc, nc thnh la u c. Cnh nu tht c,
th lm sao chuyn bin c nh th.
b. Ty qun st gi tr chuyn tr - Tc ngi tu
php qun c thng nh, ty h qun mt cnh m
hin ra nhiu tng vn c. Cnh nu c tht th lm
sao li chuyn cnh theo tm c nh vy ?
c. Ty v phn bit tr - Tc khi khi ln tr v
phn bit chng tht l chn nh, th mi cnh tng
thng thng khng cn hin hin. Cnh nu c tht,
th ti sao khi n khng hin hin ?
B-tt thnh tu bn tr nu trn th quyt chc ng
nhp l Duy thc.
Li tng ni :
"S duyn ca tm, thc,
u khng la tm t tnh.
Cho nn ta ni ht thy,

Ch c thc, khng g khc.

Nhng Thnh gio nh th chng minh khng
phi mt. Cc thnh nhn thc v.v... v l mt trong
nm thc, v nh cc thc kia, khng thn duyn c
g ngoi sc cnh ca ring n. Cc thc khc, v l
thc, v nh nhn thc, cng khng thn duyn c g
ngoi cc php ca ring n. Tng phn thn s duyn
ca su thc quyt nh khng la ngoi su thc, v n
nhip vo mt trong hai phn Kin, Tng, v nh Kin
phn duyn kia. Php s duyn v nh php tng ng
(Tng phn), quyt nh khng la Tm v Tm s.
Nhng gio l chn chnh chng minh cho
ngha l Duy thc nh th, khng phi ch c mt. Cho
nn, nn thm tn th l Duy thc : Ng v Php
chng phi c, m chn khng v chn thc nng
duyn chng phi khng. La c la khng, mi kh hp
Trung o . T Tn Di-lc nng l m ni hai bi
tng rng :
H vng phn bit c (do h vng phn bit m c
Kin tng).
Ni y, hai u khng (ni Kin tng, ng php
u khng).
Trong y ch c khng (trong y tha Kin tng
, ch c chn khng v ng).
Ni , cng c y (trong chn khng v ng
cng c Y tha kin tng).
Nn ni ht thy php (hu vi v vi).
Chng khng, chng khng khng (c Y tha nn
chng khng, khng Bin k nn chng c).
C khng v c vy (c c khng v c).
Th thi kh Trung o.
Bi tng ny l ch da vo mt nhim phn Y tha
khi m ni. ng l cng c tnh phn Y tha khi.

Hi : Nu ch do ni thc hin ra tng t nh

cnh bn ngoi, th ti sao hin thy trong th gian loi
hu tnh v phi tnh c ni chn v thi gian quyt nh
? Thn phn v tc dng khng quyt nh ?
p : V nh cnh mng v.v... l iu gii thch
ch nghi ny.
Hi : Duyn g c Th Tn ni mi hai x ?
p : Mi hai x nng ni thc c bin hin,
khng phi tht c ring. V dn ngi ng nhp l ng
khng m c Th Tn ni mi hai x, ging nh
ngn nga chp on kin m ni loi hu tnh tng
tc. Li v dn ngi ng nhp l php khng nn li
ni l Duy thc, khin h bit ngoi php cng chng
phi tht c.
Hi : Tnh Duy thc ny, h chng phi cng
khng nh ng php ?
p : Khng phi vy.
Hi : Khng phi vy th th no ?
p : Thc tnh khng phi l php ca vng tnh
chp. Ngha l da vo ng php do thc bin, ly l
suy xt th ng php y trng rng khng th nm bt
c, nn ni l php khng, ch khng phi bo
khng c tnh Duy thc do chnh tr ly ngn chng
nhp, m ni l php khng, v thc ny nu khng c,
th khng c tc , nu tc khng c th chn
cng khng ; v chn tc da nhau m kin lp. Nu
bc khng c hai , l c th khng, ch Pht ni l
hng ngi khng th cha tr. Nn bit cc php c
khng v bt khng. Do c T Tn ni hai bi tng
trn kia.
Hi : Nu cc sc x cng ly thc lm th tnh,
th ti sao n li tng t hin ra nh mt loi sc
tng kin c tng tc ?
p : l do th lc ca danh ngn hun tp m
khi ln, n lm ch nng cho php nhim v tnh.

Ngha l sc tng ny nu khng c, th khng c in

o vng chp, khng c in o vng chp th
khng c tp nhim, cng khng c php thanh tnh.
Th nn cc thc cng hin ra sc tng t. Nh c bi
tng ni :
"Lon tng v lon th,
(sc tng s bin v tm th nng bin)
Nn nhn l sc thc,
(lon tng)
V chng phi sc thc,
(lon th)
Nu khng, ci khc khng.
(Ci ny khng ci kia khng).
Hi : Ngoi cnh sc thanh v.v... hin thy r rng,
hin lng nhn bit c, ti sao bo l khng c ?
p : Khi hin lng nhn bit th khng chp n
l vt ngoi, sau thc khi ln phn bit mi
tng lm cho n ngoi. Cho nn cnh hin lng l
t tng phn bi thc bin hin, cng ni n l c,
nhng v thc vng chp n l sc tht c bn ngoi,
l vng chp c, nn mi ni n l khng.
Li cnh sc, thanh v.v... l khng phi sc, thanh
m t nh sc, thanh, khng phi ngoi thc m t
nh ngoi. Nh cnh thy trong mng, khng th
chp l cnh sc bn ngoi tht.
Hi : Nu sc thy c trong khi ang thc u
nh cnh trong mng, khng la khi thc, cng nh
khi t mng tnh dy lin bit sc l duy tm, th th
c g khi ang thc y m i vi cnh sc ca mnh
duyn, li khng bit l Duy thc ?
p : Ging nh mng cha tnh, khng th t
bit, phi i n khi tnh thc mi truy bit l cnh
trong mng. Nn bit cnh sc trong khi ang thc y
cng vy, nu cha n a v tht gic ng th khng

th bit, phi i n khi tht gic ng, mi c th truy

gic cnh khi thc ; cn cha n a v tht gic ng
th vn nh ngi trong mng. Cho nn c Pht ni
l sng cht trong m trng, do m cha nhn
r l sc cnh Duy thc.
Hi : Ngoi sc tht khng, c th khng phi l
cnh ca ni thc, cn tha tm (tm ngi khc) tht
c, sao li khng phi l cnh s duyn ca t thc ?
p : Ai ni tha tm khng phi l cnh s duyn
ca t thc ? Ch khng ni n l thn s duyn, ngha
l khi trn t thc sanh tng phn tha tm, tm
khng tht c tc dng, khng nh tay ch thn cm
c ngoi vt, hay nh mt tri ta nh sng chiu n
ngoi cnh, m ch nh trong gng c cnh hin ra
nh cnh bn ngoi, gi l bit tha tm (tha tm tr) ch
khng phi trc tip bit c. Ci trc tip bit c
l tng do thc bin ra, cho nn Kh kinh ni :
Khng c t php no c th trc tip nhn bit t php
no c, ch khi thc sanh, t nh c tng vt kia hin
ra, gi l nhn bit vt kia. Ging nh duyn tha tm,
duyn sc v.v... cng th.
Hi : c tm ngi khc ngoi lm cnh
duyn cho tm ngi ny, th sao gi l Duy thc ?
p : L thay tnh c chp, gp u sanh nghi
! u phi Duy thc gio ni ch c thc ca mt ngi
!.
Hi : Khng vy th th no ?
p : ng nn nghe cho k, nu ch c thc ca
mt ngi th lm sao c mi phng phm Thnh,
tn ti, nhn qu khc nhau ? Ai ni cho ai ? Php g cu
g ? Cho nn ni Duy thc l c th su xa.
Ni Thc l tng qut ch r ht thy hu tnh
mi mi u c tm thc, su v Tm s, Tng phn,
Kin phn c bin ra, phn v sai khc v chn nh
do l khng hin l. l t tng ca thc (Tm
vng), tng ng ca thc (Tm s), sc tng c

bin ca Tm, Tm s, phn v sai khc ca thc (Bt

tng ng hnh), tht tnh ca bn php sc Tm, Tm
s, Bt tng ng (V vi). Nhng php nh th u
khng ri thc, tng qut li gi l Duy thc.
Ch Duy l ct ngn k phm phu chp nht
nh tht c sc la ngoi thc.
Nu bit r v ch ca Duy thc gio nh th, th
c th khng b in o, kho chun b t lng, mau
ng nhp l php khng, chng bc V Thng Gic,
cu vt k hm thc khi sanh t lun hi, ch khng
phi hng ngi c th khng, bc khng tt c, tri
nghch vi gio l, m c th thnh tu nhng vic gic
ng sanh nh th. Th nn nht nh nn tin ht thy
u Duy thc.
Nu ch c thc, hon ton khng c ngoi
duyn, th do u m thc sanh ra nhiu s phn
bit ?
Tng rng :
"Do thc Nht thit chng,
Bin nh vy nh vy.
V nng lc trin chuyn,
Kia kia phn bit sanh.
Lun rng : Thc Nht thit chng l ch cho cng
nng sai bit trong bn thc, n c kh nng sanh ra
t qu. Cng nng sai bit y sanh ra qu ng lu, D
thc, s dng v tng thng ; th nn gi l Nht thit
chng. Tr qu ly h (gii thot) l khng phi do
chng t sanh. Qu ly h tuy c th chng c nhng
khng phi l qu ca chng t sanh, v phi nh o
v lu pht khi, dt ht kit s mi chng c qu ly
h. o v lu, tuy t chng t v lu sanh, song i
vi qu ly h n ch c ngha trin chuyn, nhng
khng phi l chnh c ni trong bi tng y. V
y ch ni chng t c kh nng sanh ra phn bit, n

ly bn thc lm th, nn lp tn l Chng t thc ; v

chng t la bn thc th khng c t tnh ring.
Hai ch Chng thc l gin bit thc khng phi
chng, khng phi thc, v c th thc m khng phi
chng (nh hin thc), c th chng m khng phi
thc (nh ht ging). Li ni : Chng thc l hin th
chng t trong bn thc, ch khng phi ch cho ci
thc chp tr chng t, sau s ni r.
Chng t trong thc y nh cc duyn ca cc
hin thc tr gip bn chuyn bin ra nh th. Ngha l
t v tr sanh chuyn bin n v tr thnh thc, ni
r s chng t chuyn bin c nhiu, cho nn ni hai
ln nh th, nh th. Ngha l tt c chng t nhip ht
vo ba th hun tp (l danh ngn, ng chp, hu chi)
cng (chng t y bo) v bt cng (chng t chnh
bo), tc gom ht chng t ca thc.
Nng lc trin chuyn l tm hin thc (tm thc
hin hnh) v Tng phn ; Kin phn ca Tm s
tng ng vi n, chng u c nng lc tng tr ln
nhau. Chnh tm hin thc v.v... gi chung l phn bit, v
hin thc ly h vng phn bit lm t tnh. Phn bit c
nhiu chng loi Tm vng c, Tm s c, cho nn tng
ni l kia kia .
bi tng ny ni tuy khng c ngoi duyn,
nhng do trong bn thc c ht thy chng t chuyn
bin sai bit v do nng lc trin chuyn ca tm thc
hin hnh m cc phn bit kia c sanh, ch u cn
c ngoi duyn mi khi ln phn bit. Cc tnh php
c khi ln, nn bit cng ging th, do chng t v
lu v c thc v lu hin hnh lm duyn m sanh
khi vy.
- Bi tng trn ni chng t v hin hnh iu
lm duyn sanh ra tm thc phn bit. Lm sao bit
c tng duyn sanh ?
- Duyn c bn th :

1. Nhn duyn -Ngha l php hu vi trc tip sanh

ra qu ca chnh n, c hai l chng t v hin hnh.
Chng t - Ngha l cc cng nng sai bit ca
thin, nhim, v k v cc ci, cc a trong bn thc,
n c kh nng dn ra cng nng cng loi k tip
(chng sanh chng) v ng thi khi ln hin qu
cng loi (chng sanh hin). y ch trng vi kia mi
l tnh nhn duyn (ngha l ch chng t sanh chng
t, chng t sanh hin hnh mi l nhn duyn).
Hin hnh - Ngha l by chuyn thc v Tm s
tng ng vi n bin ra Tng phn, Kin phn, ba
tnh, ba ci, bn a v.v... tr thin php ca Pht qu
v tnh v k qu yu l khng hun bn thc, cn tt
c cc th hin hnh khc nh by chuyn thc v.v...
u c th hun sanh chng t cng loi ni bn thc.
Chuyn thc y ch trng n chng t cng loi ca
n mi l tnh nhn duyn (y ngha l hin hnh hun
chng t cng l tnh nhn duyn).
Hi : Thc th tm sao khng nng hun m ch l
s hun ?
p : Tm phm th tm nu l nng hun, th
khng cn c ci g lm s hun.
Hi : Ba tnh, ba ci, chn a, lm sao cng l
nng hun ?
p : V khng phi ring thc th t chng phn
l ch nng ca cc th mi l nng hun.
Hi : Ti sao thin php ca Pht qu v v k yu
km khng hun tp ?
p : V tnh v k qu yu km, Pht qu qu
vin mn, cho nn khng hun thnh chng t.
Php hin hnh ng loi, trin chuyn trng nhau
(nh hin hnh nhn thc i hin hnh nhn thc) u
chng phi l nhn duyn, v mi th u t chng t
ring sanh. Php hin hnh khc loi, trin chuyn trng

nhau cng chng phi nhn duyn, v khng phi thn

sinh ra nhau.
- C thuyt cho ng loi, d loi hin hnh, trin
chuyn trng nhau u lm nhn duyn cho nhau. Nn
bit ch l gi ni ; hoc ni theo mn ty chuyn.
- C thuyt ch ni chng t l nhn duyn, l
da ch mnh ca chng t m ni (ch hin hnh
chng t cng l nhn duyn) cha phi ht l.
- Thnh gio ni chuyn thc v A-li-da thc
trin chuyn lm nhn duyn cho nhau.
2. ng v gin duyn - Ngha l tm hin thc
(tm thc hin hnh) ca n, nhm trc i vi nhm
sau t loi bnh ng khng gin on m m ng
cho nhm sau c sanh ra.
Nhiu chng t Tm, Tm s ng loi cng khi
mt ln, nu nh khng tng ng, l khng phi ng
v gin duyn. Do tm thc khng phi lm ng
v gin duyn cho nhau. Ch Tm, Tm s tuy thng
cng khi, nhng tng ng nhau ha hp nh mt,
khng th thi thit cch la sai khc, cho nn c lm
ng v gin duyn cho nhau.
Tm ti hu nhp V d y Nit-bn, ht sc yu
km, khng c cng dng m ng, li khng cn c
php ng v gin s khi ln, cho nn khng phi
thuc duyn ng v gin ny.
Lm sao bit nh vy ? V Lun c ni : Nu thc
trc bnh ng khng gin on, th thc sau bnh
ng quyt nh c sanh ra", tc ni thc trc lm
ng v gin duyn cho thc sau. Chnh do ngha ny
nn ni thc A--na trong ba ci, chn a u c th
p i lm duyn ng v gin cho nhau, v ci di,
ci trn cht sng, m ng cho nhau ; tm hu lu v
gin c tm v lu sanh ; cn tm v lu nht nh
khng sanh tm hu lu; v tr i vin cnh khi
sanh khi ri th chc chn khng on mt. Thin v
v k i vi nhau cng th (v k D thc thc sanh

thin v cu thc, ch thin v cu thc khng sanh v

k D thc thc).
Hi : Thc th tm ny, ci no m sau t
tm hu lu dn sanh tm v lu ?
p : Hoc t ci Sc, hoc thn cui cng ci
Dc, ngha l k d sanh pht tm cu Pht qu, nht
nh sau khi sanh ci Sc th tm hu lu dn sanh tm
v lu, sau chc chn sanh ln cung i T Ti ci
tri Tnh C, chng c B-. Nu hng Nh tha v
hc hi tm hng v i B-, th nht nh khi thn
cui cng ci Dc dn sanh tm v lu, v sau khi hi
tm, cn lu li sanh thn ch ci Dc. V y tuy chc
chn sanh ln cung tri i T Ti mi c thnh
Pht, nhng do sc bn nguyn m lu li sanh thn th
l ci Dc.
- C kin cho rng ci Sc cng c hng
Thanh-vn hi tm hng v i tha nguyn lu li
sanh thn, iu ny khng tri vi gio l. Th nn
thc bt v lu ni hng Thanh-vn cng c hin
tin tm cui cng ca ci Sc.
Nhng Thnh gi tri Ng Tnh C th khng c
hi tm i tha, v khng thy Kinh no ni Thnh gi
Ng Tnh C pht tm i tha.
- Chuyn thc th by trong ba ci, chn a
cng c p i lm duyn ng v gin cho nhau,
v n h thuc theo thc th tm sanh ch no, th
tm hu lu (c ng php),v lu (c Bnh ng tnh
tr) cng c p i sanh nhau, v trong mi a
c dn sanh cho nhau.
Thin v v k, trng qua nhau cng th. trong
v k, nhim v khng nhim, cng m ng cho
nhau, v tr qu v sanh khng, trong a v trc v
a v sau c dn sanh ra nhau.
y l ci Dc, ci Sc, tm hu lu cng sanh
tm v lu, ch khng phi ci V sc, v hng B-tt
a thng khng sanh n ci V sc.

- Chuyn thc th su trong ba ci, chn a, tm

hu lu, v lu, thin, bt thin v.v... mi mi p i
lm duyn ng v gin cho nhau, v a v nhun
sanh vo ci ny v a kia, li dn sanh nhau.
Bt u khi tm v lu, ch sau khi sanh ci Sc,
v thin php thuc Quyt trch phn (ch cho bn gia
hnh v l Non, Nhn, ng,Th nht )ch c ci
Sc.
Ba thc Nhn, Nh,Thn ch c hai ci Dc, Sc
vi hai a l Ng th tp c v S Thin. Cn hai thc
t, thit ch c mt ci Dc v Ng th tp c a, th
t loi mi thc p i lm duyn ng v gin cho
nhau. Thin v.v... trng qua nhau nn bit cng c
duyn ng v gin.
- C kin cho rng ng thc hu lu v v lu, t
loi p i lm duyn ng v gin cho nhau, v khi
cha thnh Pht n c p i khi ln.
- C kin cho rng sau ng thc hu lu khi ln
ng thc v lu, ch khng phi sau ng thc v lu
khi ln ng thc hu lu ; v ng thc v lu, tr Pht,
ngi khc khng th c ; v nm sc cn ca ngi
ang nhn v nht nh l hu lu, n nhip thuc v
Tng phn ca D thc thc. Nm cn hu lu l ch
da ring ca nm thc, chc chn cng ng cnh, vy
nm cn hu lu m pht ra nm thc v lu l khng
hp l ; v nm cn v lu pht ra nm thc v lu i
vi cnh th sng, cn nm cn hu lu pht ra nm
thc hu lu i vi cnh th m, hai bn khc nhau.
3. S duyn duyn- Ngha l nu c tht php v l
c tng c mang theo, Tm v Tm s ly lm
ch da php sanh v lm i tng t l, th gi l
S duyn duyn. Th n c hai : 1. Thn. 2. S. Nu
Tng phn cng vi Kin phn ng mt th nng
ta khng ri nhau, l i tng t l v ch da
bn trong ca Kin phn, th nn bit l Thn s
duyn duyn. Nu bn cht cng vi Kin phn nng

duyn tuy ri nhau nhng mn lm tht cht m pht

khi thnh i tng cho t l v lm ch da cho
Kin phn bn trong, th l S s duyn duyn.
Thn S duyn duyn l tng ca tm nng
duyn, quyt nh khi no cng c, v nu la ch da
v ng thi lm i tng t l , th tm nng duyn
khng th pht sanh. Cn S s duyn duyn th i vi
tm nng duyn hoc c, hoc khng khng nht nh.
V la cnh lm ch da v s duyn bn ngoi, th tm
nng duyn cng vn pht sinh.
- V Tm phm th tm - C kin cho rng n
ch c Thn s duyn duyn, v n ty theo nng lc
ca nghip nhn cu sanh nhm vn bin ra Tng
phn m duyn, ch khng cn phi da vo bn cht
bn ngoi ri mi bin duyn.
- C kin cho rng thc th tm cng c S s
duyn duyn, v cn phi nh ci khc bin ra bn cht,
ri n mi vin theo m bin ra Tng phn
duyn.
- C kin cho rng hai thuyt trn u khng
ng l, v t thn, tha thn, t , tha , u c th
th dng ln nhau ; v thn hoc do thc th tm ca
ngi khc bin ra li lm bn cht cho ngi ny
duyn, cn chng t ca ngi ny i ngi khc th
khng c ch dng g, ngi ny bin ra chng t ca
ngi khc, l khng c l ; v khng phi cc hu tnh
u c chng t ngang nhau.
- Nn ni Tm phm th tm (gm Tm vng,
Tm s) c S s duyn duyn hay khng, trong tt c
trng hp khng nht nh.
- Tm phm th by (gm Tm vng, Tm s
Mt-na) a v cha chuyn y, v n l cu sanh ng
php, nn chc chn phi da vo Kin phn bt lm
bn cht bn ngoi mi khi c, cho nn nh c S
s duyn duyn ; cn a v chuyn y th khng c

S s duyn duyn, v by gi duyn chn nh th

khng c bn cht bn ngoi.
- Tm phm th su (gm Tm vng, Tm s
thc) hnh tng mnh li, t ti chuyn khi trong
mi trng hp, bn cht bn ngoi da hoc c
hoc khng, cho nn khng nht nh c hay khng S
s duyn duyn.
- Tm phm nm thc trc, khi a v cha
chuyn y, v n th thin, n n, yu km, phi da
bn cht bn ngoi m duyn, nn nht nh c S s
duyn duyn ; cn khi a v chuyn y, th khng
nht nh c S s duyn duyn, v khi ny duyn c
php qu kh, v lai khng c bn cht bn ngoi.
4. Tng thng duyn Ngha l nu c php g m
th lc cng dng th thng c th hoc thun, hoc
nghch i vi php khc, gi l Tng thng duyn.
Ba duyn trc kia cng l Tng thng duyn, nhng
duyn th t ny ch chung cho tt c nhng duyn g
cn st li ngoi ba th duyn trn. l tng khc
nhau gia bn duyn.
Th lc cng dng ca Tng thng duyn c
thun hoc nghch i vi bn trng hp sanh, tr,
thnh, v c khc nhau.
Cng dng Tng thng duyn i vi s vt tuy
nhiu, nhng r rt hn c ch c hai mi hai, tc
l hai mi hai cn (gm nm sc cn nhn, nh, t,
thit, thn ; nam cn, n cn, mng cn, cn ; nm th
cn l kh, lc, u, h, x ; nm thin cn l tn, tn,
nim, nh, tu ; ba v lu cn l v tri ng tri, d tri,
c tri) trong nm sc cn ly tnh sc cn nhn, nh
v.v... c bin hin t bn thc lm t tnh. Nam cn,
n cn ly mt phn thn cn lm t tnh. Mng cn
khng c t tnh ring, da vo phn v ca chng t
thn sanh ni bn thc m gi lp. cn ly chung c
tm thc lm t tnh. Nm th cn ly mi s lnh th

ring lm tnh. Nm cn tn, tn, nim, nh, tu th ly

tn v.v... v cc thin nim lm tnh.
Th ca V tri ng tri cn c ba bc :
a. Bc cn bn, a v kin o, trong 15 tm u
c V tri ng tri, tr st na tm th 16 khng c V tri
ng tri (v tm th 16 l thuc D tri cn) khng
cn c iu cha bit s bit.
b. Bc Gia hnh, a v bn Gia hnh l Non,
nh, Nhn, Th nht php, gn nht c th dn
sanh n bc cn bn trn.
c. Bc T lng, l t khi v cu t c thy T
m tu hin qun, pht khi thin php ti thng cho
n khi cha c thun Quyt trch phn thuc Gia
hnh v, trong giai on c c thin cn, gi l
bc T lng (T lng v) v thin cn ny c th xa
xi gip lm pht sanh bc Cn bn (Cn bn v).
Ly chn cn l tn, tn, nim, nh, tu, , h, lc
v x trong ba bc hp li lm t tnh ca V tri
ng tri cn. Ring bc Gia hnh, T lng v cu
chng c php thin th thng lc sau cao hn m
su lo, th n cng ly thm u cn lm t tnh. Nhng
v u cn khng phi l thin cn chnh, cho nn phn
nhiu khng k n.
Nhng v ba a V sc trc (tc l Khng v
bin, Thc v bin, V s hu) m c V tri ng tri
cn ny l v trong khi T thin c thng kin
o h c tu thm ba nh V sc nn c c. Hoc
cc v Nh tha hi tm hng i tha, v mun chng
php Khng, nn trc khi vo Thp a h cng khi
ln tr V lu sanh khng, nhip thuc chn a trong ba
ci. Cc v B-tt ny u nhip thuc cn V tri ng
tri cn ny. B-tt kin o cng c cn ny, nhng ch
ni a tin, v thi gian kin o rt ngn.
Bt u t st na ti hu ca kin o cho n Kim
cang d nh (tm ti hu ca A-na-hm, tm ti hu
ca ng Gic, u gi l Kim cang d nh), c c

chn v lu cn nh tn, tn v.v... th u l tnh ca

D tri cn . ng cha la dc v cu chng gii thot cao
hn m tm su lo, th li c thm u cn. Nhng u
cn ny khng phi thin cn chnh, nn phn nhiu
khng k n.
Cc bc V hc c chn V lu cn, th u
l t tnh ca C tri cn. C tri cn cng ly chn V
lu cn lm t tnh.
ci Hu nh tuy c du qun php v lu nhng
khng c minh li, nn khng phi l ba v lu cn
ny.
Hai mi hai cn c t tnh nh vy ; cn cc ngha
mn khc ca hai mi hai cn, nn bit nh lun ni c.
(Ht cun by theo bn Hn)

XII. DA MI LM Y X LP MI NHN.
Bn duyn nh vy, v da vo 15 ch ngha c sai
khc m lp thnh 10 nhn.
Da 15 ch lp 10 nhn nh th no ?
1. Ng y x - Ngha l cc ngn ng c khi ln
ly php, danh v tng lm t tnh (hay ch da).
Chnh da ni ngn ng m lp ra Ty thuyt nhn.
Ngha l da php, danh, tng ny, ri ty ch thy,
nghe, hay, bit m ni ra cc ngha. y chnh l nng
thuyt (ngn ng) lm nhn cho s thuyt (cc ngha).
C lun cho ty thuyt nhn ly danh, tng v
kin lm ch da. Bi do ng nh danh t (danh) m
th ly tng (tng), chp trc tng (kin) ri
ty theo khi ln ngn thuyt. Nu y theo Tp lun
kia, th hin th danh, tng, kin l nhn ca ngn ng
; gi l Ng y x.
2. Lnh th y x - Ngha l xem xt s i i c
tnh nng th, s th. Chnh y vo m lp ra Qun

i nhn. Ngha l xem s ch i i i ci ny lm

cho ci kia hoc sanh, hoc tr, hoc thnh, hoc c
nh th no, nh vy ci ny l qun i nhn ca ci
kia.
3. Tp kh y x - Ngha l cc chng t trong ni
thc v chng t ngoi cnh, khi giai on cha thnh
thc. Chnh da ch m lp ra Khin dn nhn. Tc
chnh chng t cha thnh thc, n c th ko dn n
t qu xa v sau, nn gi Khin dn nhn.
4. Hu nhun chng t y x - Ngha l chng t
trong thn hoc ngoi thn khi giai on thnh
thc. Chnh da ch m lp ra Sanh khi nhn,
ngha l chng t thnh thc n c th sanh ra t qu
gn ca n.
5. V gin dit y x - Tc ng v gin duyn ca
Tm, Tm s.
6. Cnh gii y x - Tc s duyn duyn ca Tm,
Tm s.
7. Cn y x - Tc su cn l ch nng ca Tm, Tm
s.
8. Tc dng y x - Tc l nhng tc dng ca tc
nghip (nh vic n cy) v tc c (nh ba c tc
dng n cy). Tr chng t, tt c tr duyn hin ti,
u l Tc dng y x ny.
9. S dng y x - Tc l nhng tc dng ca tc gi
i vi s vic lm. Tr chng t, tt c tr duyn
hin ti u l S dng y x ny.
10. Chn tht kin y x - Tc l v lu kin. Tr
vic dn sanh t chng, tt c kh nng khc gip dn
n chng t v lu php, u thuc y x ny.
Da chung c su th y x t th nm n th
mi trn y, m lp ra Nhip th nhn. Ngha l nhip
th nm th th thnh hu lu, nhip th c su th
th thnh v lu php.

11. Ty thun y x - Tc l cc hnh v k, thin,

nhim hoc l chng t, hoc l hin hnh u c kh
nng ty thun dn pht ra cc php ng loi th thng
hn trc. Chnh da vo ch m lp ra Dn pht
nhn. Ngha l n c th dn khi ln cc thng hnh
ng loi v dn t n php v vi.
12. Sai bit cng nng y x - Tc l cc php sc
tm hu vi mi mi i vi t qu ca n c th lc c
th khi ln t qu v s chng ng sai khc khng ln
xn. Chnh da vo ch m lp ra nh d nhn. Tc
n c kh nng sanh ra cc qu t ci mnh v c kh
nng chng c qu v ca Tha gio mnh.
13. Ha hp y x - Tc t lnh th y x cho n
Sai bit cng nng y x, nhng y x ny c sc ha hp
i vi kt qu sanh, tr, thnh v c. Chnh da vo
ch m lp ra ng s nhn. Ngha l t Qun i
nhn cho n nh d nhn u ng mt s nghip
sanh, tr, thnh, c.
14. Chng ngi y x - Tc l c th chng ngi
i vi s sanh, tr, thnh, c. Chnh da vo ch
m lp ra Tng vi nhn. Ngha l n c th lm tri
nghch cc s sanh, tr, thnh, c.
15. Bt chng ngi y x - Tc l khng lm
chng ngi i vi s sanh, tr, thnh, c. Chnh da
vo ch m lp ra Bt tng vi nhn. Ngha l n
khng lm tri nghch cc s sanh, tr, thnh, c.
Mi nhn nh th, nhip vo hai nhn l nng
sanh v phng tin.
Nh B-tt a trong lun Du-gi ni : Chng t
khin dn, chng t sanh khi gi chung l Nng sanh
nhn. Cc nhn cn li gi chung l Phng tin nhn.

Cn y th ni rng cc chng t nhn duyn thuc

trong su nhn l Khin dn, Sanh khi, Dn pht, nh
d, ng s, Bt tng vi. Khi cn giai on cha
thnh thc, th khng gi l chng t nhn duyn m
gi l chng t Khin dn ; cn khi n giai on
thnh thc th gi l chng t Sanh khi. V cc chng
t nhn duyn trong su nhn u nhip thuc vo hai
giai on cha thnh thc v thnh thc ny. Tuy c
hin hnh sanh chng t, nhng l Nng sanh nhn
ch khng phi l nhn duyn chng t. Cng nh
trong bn nhn Khin dn v.v... tuy c sanh ra chng
t, nhng v n hay gin on cho nn tm lc m
khng ni hin hnh sanh chng t l nhn duyn.
Hoc trc tip sanh ra qu cng lp tn l chng
t. Nh ni hin hnh ging la sanh ra cy la cng
gi l chng t. Cc nhn cn li l, nhn th hai l
Qun i ; th nm l Nhip th ; th chn l Tng vi ;
cng nhng php khng phi nhn duyn ca trong su
nhn trc , tt c u l chng t nhn duyn cn li
ca trong hai giai on cha nhun sanh v nhun
thc, cho nn ni chung l Phng tin nhn. Khng
phi B-tt a, hai th Khin dn v Sanh khi ch
ton thuc vo hai nhn Khin dn v Sanh khi ca
trong mi nhn l nhn duyn, m trong bn nhn Dn
pht, nh d, ng s, Bt tng vi cng c chng t
nhn duyn. Khng phi ch c tm th ni kia, gi l
nhng nhn cn li, v trong hai nhn l Khin dn v
Sanh khi kia cng c mt phn khng phi l chng t

nhn duyn.
a v cn c Tm c T th ni Sanh khi nhn
l Nng sanh nhn, ngoi ra l Phng tin nhn. Vn
ny c ni trong su nhn l Khin dn v.v... hoc
hin hnh hoc chng t l nhn duyn, th chng u
c gi l Sanh khi nhn, v c th trc tip sanh ra
qu cng loi vi mnh. Cc nhn khc cn li u
nhip v Phng tin nhn, ch khng phi Sanh khi
nhn Tm, T a ny ch thuc v Sanh khi nhn
trong mi nhn kia. V trong nm nhn cn li l
Khin dn, Dn pht v.v... cng c tnh nhn duyn.
Khng phi tr Sanh khi nhn, cn chn nhn kia m
gi l cc nhn khc cn li, v trong Sanh khi nhn
vn c phn khng phi l nhn duyn.
Hoc theo B-tt a trong lun Du-gi ni :
Chng t Khin dn v Sanh khi l Khin dn nhn
v Sanh khi nhn trong mi nhn kia, cn tm nhn
kia ca trong mi nhn gi l nhn cn li. Tuy bn
trong hai nhn, Khin dn v Sanh khi c phn khng
phi Nng sanh nhn, nhng v n c chng t nhn
duyn r rt hn c cho nn ni ring n l Nng sanh
nhn. V tuy trong cc nhn khc c phn khng phi l
Phng tin nhn nhng v n c sc tng thng
nhiu v r rt hn c cho nn ring ni n l Phng
tin nhn.
trong a v c Tm, c T th ni Sanh khi
nhn l Nng sanh nhn, cc nhn khc cn li th gi
l Phng tin nhn. Sanh khi chnh l Sanh khi
nhn kia, cc nhn khc tc l chn nhn cn li kia.
Trong Sanh khi nhn c phn khng phi chng
t nhn duyn, nhng v n i vi qu c sanh l rt
gn v r rt hn c, cho nn ring ni n l chng t
nhn duyn.
Tuy trong Khin dn nhn c phn chng t nhn
duyn, nhng v n i vi qu c sanh ra cch xa v
n kn hn c, cho nn khng ni n l nhn duyn.

Ngoi ra nhng nhn nhip v Phng tin nhn, chiu

theo trn y m bit.
XIII. BN DUYN NHIP 10 V 2 NHN
- Bn duyn va ni, da theo u m thnh
lp, li lm sao nhip trn mi nhn v hai nhn?
- Lun ni : Nhn duyn da ni chng t m lp.
Da ni tnh v gin dit m lp ng v gin duyn.
Da ni cnh gii m lp S duyn duyn. Da ni cc
iu cn li ngoi ba duyn kia m lp Tng thng
duyn.
Trong y chng t chnh l ch cho chng t nhn
duyn thuc vo su y x l tp kh, nhun sanh chng,
ty thun, cng nng sai bit, ha hp, v chng ngi
trong mi lm x nu trn. Tuy hin hnh ca bn y
x l ty thun, cng nng sai bit, ha hp, bt chng
ngi, cng c phn nhn duyn, song v n hay gin
on, cho nn lc i m khng ni n. Hoc hin
hnh cng c th thn sanh ra t qu nh ging la np
bn ngoi, cng gi l chng t.
Hoc ni chng t ch thuc y x th t l nhun
sanh y x, ty tnh cch thn, s, n, hin ca n m ly
hoc b, nh trc ni.
Ni v gin dit y x v cnh gii y x l, nn bit
hin th chung y x ca hai duyn, l ng v gin
duyn v S duyn duyn. Khng phi ch c hai y x
v gin dit v cnh gii c hai duyn ng v gin v
S duyn duyn, m trong mi ba y x cn li kia
cng c ngha ca hai duyn . Hoc v gin dit v
cnh gii l ch y x th nm, su, cc y x khc tuy c
m v n kn cho nn lc m khng ni.
Lun ni : Nhn duyn nhip v nng sanh nhn.
Tng thng duyn nhip v Phng tin nhn. ng
v gin duyn v S duyn duyn th nhip v nhip th

nhn. Tuy trong phng tin nhn c c ba duyn

ng v gin, S duyn duyn, Tng thng duyn,
nhng Tng thng duyn nhiu hn nn ni nhn
mnh.
Chn nhn khc cng c hai duyn ng v gin
v S duyn duyn, nhng n nhip vo nhip th nhn
r rt hn nn ni nhn mnh. Cn cc th nhip vo
nng sanh nhn ti lui, nh trc ni.
XIV. NM QU
- ni nhn duyn, chc phi c qu. Vy c
bao nhiu qu ? Da y x no m c c ?
- Qu c nm th :
1. Qu D thc - l bo thn D thc v D thc
sanh v k ca loi hu tnh, do php thin hu lu v
bt thin chiu cm.
2. Qu ng lu - l hu qu ng loi do
chng t thin c v k pht sanh, hoc hu qu chuyn
theo tng t nghip trc.
3. Qu Ly h - l php thin v vi, do v lu
o (tr v lu) on tr hai chng l phin no v s
tri m chng c.
4. Qu S dng - l kt qu s nghip do cc tc
gi mn cc tc c m lm thnh.
5. Qu Tng thng - l nhng qu t c
ngoi bn loi k trn.
Lun Du-gi v.v... ni : Do tp kh y x m c
qu D thc. Do ty thun y x m c qu ng lu.
Do chn kin o y x m c qu Ly h. Do s dng y
x m c qu S dng. Do cc y x khc cn li m
c qu tng thng.
Ni tp kh y x l ch ht thy cng nng ca cc
y x chiu cm qu D thc. Ni ty thun y x l ch

r ht thy cng nng ca cc y x dn n qu ng

lu. Ni chn kin o y x l ch r ht thy cng
nng ca cc y x lm cho chng c qu Ly h. Ni
s dng y x l ch r ht thy cng nng ca cc y x
lm chiu cm c qu S dng. Ni cc y x khc
cn li l ch r ht thy cng nng ca cc y x a
n qu Tng thng. Khng nh vy, th s c th l
qu rng hoc qu hp.
Hoc ni tp kh, l ch thuc tp kh y x th ba.
Tuy c D thc nhn, th cc y x khc cng c, nhng
tp kh y x ny cng c mt phn khng phi D thc
nhn. Nhng D thc nhn cch D thc qu rt xa, tp
kh ny cng vy, cho nn ni ring.
Ni ty thun l ch thuc ty thun y x th mi
mt. Tuy c qu ng lu, th cc y x khc cng c,
nhng ty thun y x cng c mt phn khng c
khng phi qu ng lu. Nhng ng lu nhn chiu
cm thin c mnh, hnh tng r rt, ty thun y x
cng vy, cho nn ring ni.
Ni chn kin o l ch r chn kin o y x th
mi. Tuy chng c qu Ly h, th cc y x khc
cng chng c, m chn kin o y x ny cng c
qu Phi ly h. Nhng tng chn kin o y x chng
qu Ly h r rt, cho nn ni ring chn kin o y x
c qu Ly h.
Ni S dng x l ch r s dng y x th chn. Tuy
c qu S dng, th cc y x khc cng c, nhng S
dng y x cng c th c qu Tng thng v.v...
nhng v n c danh v tng r rt, cho nn ring ni
S dng y x c qu S dng.
Ni cc y x khc cn li l ch thuc mi mt y
x khc. Tuy mi mt y x ny cng c cc qu khc
v c qu Tng thng, th cc y x khc cng c th
c, nhng mi mt y x ny phn nhiu l c Tng
thng. Cn bn y x kia th r l c bn qu kia

ri. Cho nn ring ni mi mt y x ny c qu Tng

thng.
- Nh vy chnh l ni trong nm qu ny, nu l
qu D thc th do nm nhn l Khin dn, Sanh khi,
nh d, ng s, Bt tng vi v mt duyn l Tng
thng duyn m c. Nu l qu ng lu th do by
nhn l Sanh khi, Nhip th, Dn php, nh d, ng
s, Bt tng vi v hai duyn l Nhn duyn v Tng
thng duyn m c. Nu l qu Ly h th do nm
nhn l Nhip th, Dn php, nh d, ng s, Bt
tng vi v mt duyn l Tng thng duyn m c.
Nu l qu S dng th c kin cho rng do bn nhn
l Qun i, Nhip th, ng s, Bt tng vi v mt
duyn l Tng thng duyn m c. C kin cho
rng do by nhn l Khin dn, Sanh khi, Nhip th,
Dn php, nh d, ng s, Bt tng vi v ba duyn
l Nhn duyn, ng v gin, Tng thng duyn m
c. Nu l qu Tng thng th c mi nhn v bn
duyn u c th c.

XV. CHNH LUN V DUYN SANH

PHN
BIT
Nhng iu ph bn xong, by gi hy bin
chnh lun : Chng t trong bn thc lm ba duyn
sanh tm thc hin hnh phn bit, tr ng v gin
duyn. Ngha l chng t thn sanh tm thc hin hnh,
l Nhn duyn, chng t li l S duyn duyn
cho Kin phn nng duyn ca tm thc, nu li chng
t thc ny c sc tr gip hoc khng lm chng
ngi cho tm thc kia hin hnh, th l Tng thng
duyn. Chng t thanh tnh sanh thc hin hnh thanh
tnh cng ging th (chng sanh hin).

Tm thc hin hnh phn bit trin chuyn i vi

nhau, cng lm ba duyn cho nhau, tr Nhn duyn.
Thc ca loi hu tnh trin chuyn i vi nhau,
th lm hai duyn l Tng thng duyn v S duyn
duyn, tr Nhn duyn v ng v gin duyn.
- Nhm tm thc ca trong mi hu tnh trin
chuyn i vi nhau, nht nh c Tng thng duyn,
chc chn khng c Nhn duyn, ng v gin duyn ;
cn S duyn duyn th hoc c hoc khng. Thc th
tm i vi by thc trc th c S duyn duyn, v
Tng phn ca thc th tm lm bn cht s duyn
cho by thc trc duyn. Ngc li by thc trc
khng lm S duyn duyn cho thc th tm (thc th
tm khng duyn by thc). Thc th by i su thc
trc, trong n khng l S duyn duyn cho nm
thc trc, nhng lm S duyn duyn cho thc th
su. Ngc li su thc trc khng lm S duyn
duyn cho thc th by. Thc th su khng lm S
duyn duyn cho nm thc trc. Ngc li nm thc
trc lm S duyn duyn cho thc th su, v nm
thc trc ch da vo Tng phn ca thc th tm
m duyn.
- Cc thc t loi nim trc i vi nim sau :
Nu l thc th su trc i vi sau th ba duyn,
tr nhn duyn. Cn by thc kia t loi nim trc i
vi sau, th c ng v gin duyn v Tng thng
duyn, v chng ch duyn hin cnh. Nu chp nhn
Kin phn nm thc nim sau duyn Tng phn nm
thc nim trc, thi nm thc v thc th by nim
trc i nim sau cng c ba duyn, tr Nhn duyn.
By chuyn thc i vi thc th tm cng c ngha l
S duyn duyn, v hin hnh by chuyn thc hun
thnh chng t kin, tng ni thc th tm.
- Cc Tm, Tm s ng mt nhm m khc th
(nh Tm, Tm s nhn thc v.v... ng mt nhm
nhng Tm vng v mi Tm s c tng dng ring)

trin chuyn i vi nhau ch c lm Tng thng

duyn, v Tm, Tm s ng nhm th ng duyn mt
cnh, nhng n khng duyn c Kin phn ca nhau
; hoc y c Kin phn m ni th Kin phn khng
duyn Kin phn ca nhau ; nu y c Tng phn m
ni th Kin phn ca tm ny duyn c Tng phn
ca tm kia, v cc Tng phn ca cc tm p i
lm bn cht cho nhau. Nh chng t trong bn thc
lm bn cht cho Tng phn ca tm s Xc v.v... nu
khng vy, khi sanh V sc gii, tm s Bin hnh xc
v.v... ci V sc kia khng c cnh s duyn. Gi s
cho V sc gii c bin ra nh qu sc, nhng tm s
Xc v.v... cng nht nh duyn chng t ri bin ra
tng phn chng t duyn, ch khng th ni cnh
Tng phn ca Tm s li khng ng mt bn cht
cnh vi Tm vng.
- Tng phn ng mt th t chng phn vi
Kin phn, th n lm Tng thng duyn v S duyn
cho Kin phn ; cn Kin phn i vi tng phn ch
c lm Tng thng duyn. Kin phn i vi t chng
phn c hai duyn l Tng thng duyn v S duyn
duyn. T chng phn v Kin phn trng nhau cng
vy. T chng v Chng t chng i vi nhau c hai
duyn l Tng thng v S duyn. Trong y khng
da theo Tng phn chng t m ni, ch ni Tng
phn hin hnh lm duyn cho nhau.
Nhm tm thc thanh tnh gia t v tha i vi
nhau u lm S duyn duyn, v thc thanh tnh c th
duyn cng khp. Ch tr Kin phn khng phi l S
duyn duyn ca Tng phn, v Tng phn ng l
khng c tc dng duyn cnh.
ni tm thc hin hnh phn bit duyn ni
chng t v hin hnh, mi c sanh khi, th ng l

chng t cng duyn ni hin hnh v chng t mi

c sanh khi. Vy hin hnh i vi chng t lm
my duyn ? Chng t i vi chng t lm my duyn
?
- Chng t chc chn khng do S duyn duyn v
ng v gin duyn m sanh khi, v hai duyn ny ch
i vi hin hnh Tm, Tm s m lp. Nu hin hnh
i vi chnh chng t ca mnh, th c Nhn duyn v
Tng thng duyn. Nu i vi khng phi chng t
ca chnh mnh th ch c Tng thng duyn. Chng t
i vi chng t chnh ca mnh, cng Nhn duyn
v Tng thng duyn, cn chng t i vi khng
phi chng t ca chnh mnh, th ch Tng thng
duyn - Da vo ni thc trin chuyn lm duyn cho
nhau sanh khi , m gio l phn bit nhn qu c
thnh. Nu chp phi c ngoi duyn th cng v dng,
hung g chp c ngoi duyn l tri vi gio l, sao c
chp lm g !
- Trong bi tng tuy ni ch Phn bit l tng
ch cho Tm, Tm s trong ba ci, nhng ty theo
ngha tri hn m trong Thnh gio c nhiu mt hin
by, hoc ni hai, ni ba, ni nm (chn thc, hin thc
l hai ; nghip thc, chuyn thc hin thc l ba, hoc
tm, , thc l ba, hoc thm tr thc l bn, hoc thm
tng tc thc l nm). Nh trong cc Lun phn bit
rng.
XVI. GII THCH VN NN.
Tuy c ni thc m khng c ngoi duyn, th
do u loi hu tnh b sanh t tng tc ?
Tng ni :
Do tp kh cc nghip,
Cng tp kh hai th.

Thn D thc trc ht,

Li sanh D thc khc.
Lun rng : ( th nht) - Cc nghip l nghip
phc, phi phc, v bt ng ; tc l t nghip (do t
duy thm xt, t duy quyt nh, t duy pht ng mi
thnh nghip, cho nn gi l t nghip, tc ba nghip
ly t lm th nn gi l t nghip) hu lu thin v bt
thin. Quyn thuc ca nghip cng gi l nghip, v
ng chiu cm hai qu D thc Dn v Mn (Dn
nghip, Mn nghip).
Nghip ny tuy khi ln lin dit, khng c l g
chiu cm c qu D thc trong tng lai, nhng v
n hun tp vo bn thc, thnh chng t cng nng
ca chnh mnh, v chnh cng nng y c gi l tp
kh, l kh phn ca nghip, do hun tp thnh, gin bit
vi nghip qua v nghip hin ti, cho nn gi l tp
kh. Tp kh nh th trin chuyn tip ni, cho n khi
thnh thc, chiu cm qu D thc, tp kh cc nghip
i vi qu bo D thc ng lai l mt th Tng
thng duyn rt mnh.
Hoc th Tng v Kin, th danh v sc, th Tm
v Tm s, th gc v ngn, bn th nng th s th
ny u nhip vo hai th hin hnh. Bn th th hin
hnh hun thnh cng nng trn bn thc thn
sanh ra n, gi l tp kh hai th. y l ch r cc
chng t nhn duyn ca tm D thc qu v Tm s
tng ng vi n trong i sau. Trong bi tng ni ch
Cng tc l chng t nghip v chng t hai th cng
nhau, lm duyn xa v duyn gn gip cho nhau, nhng
tp kh nghip tuy l s duyn m s chiu cm sanh ra
thn D thc r rt hn, cho nn trong bi tng nu ln
trc tp kh hai th (i vic chiu cm, nghip l
Tng thng duyn nn xa, hai th l nhn duyn nn
gn).

D thc trc l qu D thc do nghip cc i

trc chiu cm.
D thc khc l qu D thc do nghip chiu cm
cc i sau.
Tuy tp kh hai th th qu bo v cng m tp kh
nghip th th qu bo c tn. Do qu D thc tnh v
k khc vi nghip nhn tnh c thin c nn kh chiu
cm, cn nhn qu ng lu v Tng thng tnh ng
nhau, nn d chiu cm. Do chng t cc nghip chiu
cm sanh n i khc thnh thc m qu D thc
thn i trc, ht th dng, th li sanh ra qu D
thc thn khc v i sau, do m c sanh t lun hi
v cng, ch cn g phi mn duyn bn ngoi ni
sanh t tng tc ?
Bi tng ny ni do tp kh nghip v hai th m
s sanh t lun hi u khng la thc, v Tm v Tm
s l bn tnh ca cc nghip v hai th .
( th hai) - Li na, sanh t tng tc do cc tp
kh, nhng cc tp kh tng cng c ba th :
1. Danh ngn tp kh : l cc php hu vi u
c mi chng t thn sanh ring.
Danh ngn c hai :
a. Biu ngha danh ngn, tc l nhng m thanh sai
bit c kh nng din t s ngha.
b. Hin cnh danh ngn, tc l Tm v Tm s c
kh nng hiu bit cc cnh. Ty theo hai th danh
ngn ny hun thnh chng t lm mi nhn duyn
cho mi php hu vi sanh khi.
2. Ng chp tp kh : l chng t h vng
chp ng v ng s.
Chp ng c hai :
a. Cu sanh chp ng, tc th chp ng v ng s
phi do tu o mi on c (c thc th su, th
by).

b. Phn bit chp ng, tc th chp ng v ng s

ch do thy o l on c (ch c thc).
Ty theo hai th ng chp hun thnh chng t
mi khin cc hu tnh c s phn bit mnh v ngi
khc nhau.
3. Hu chi tp kh : (chi Hnh v Hu trong mi
hai hu chi nhn duyn). l chng t nghip D thc
chiu cm sanh ra trong ba ci.
Hu chi c hai :
a. Hu lu thin, tc nghip chiu cm qu bo
ng a.
b. Cc bt thin nghip, tc nghip chiu cm qu
bo khng ng a.
Ty theo hai chi thin, c hun tp thnh chng
t khin cho qu D thc hai ng thin, c khc
nhau.
Nn bit ng chp tp kh v hu chi tp kh ch l
Tng thng duyn i vi qu D thc sai bit.
Bi tng ni Nghip tp kh, nn bit chnh l
hu chi tp kh. Bi tng ni : Tp kh hai th nn
bit chnh l hai th tp kh ng chp v danh ngn.
Do chp th ng, ng s v chp th danh ngn m
hun tp thnh, u ni l th. Cn trong tng vn ni
ch Cu v.v... th gii thch trc.
( th ba) - Li na, sanh t tng tc l do Hoc,
Nghip v Kh. Nhng phin no pht nghip (tc v
minh chi) v nhun sanh (tc i th) gi l Hoc. Cc
nghip c kh nng chiu cm i sau, gi l Nghip.
T nghip sanh cc kh, gi l Kh. Chng t ca
Hoc, ca Nghip, ca Kh u gi l tp kh. Hai tp
kh hoc v nghip lm Tng thng duyn cho qu bo
kh sanh t, v n gip sanh ra kh bo. Cn tp kh
kh l nhn duyn cho kh sanh t, v n trc tip sanh
kh. Trong bi ni v ba tp kh, nh y nn bit.
Hoc v Kh gi l hai th, Hoc l nng th ; Kh l

s th. Th c ngha l m trc ; cn nghip th

khng c gi l th. Cc vn khc trong bi tng
ngha l nh trc c gii.
Nn bit Hoc, Nghip, Kh ny l tng nhip
mi hai hu chi t chi v minh n chi lo t. Nh
Lun c gii rng.
Nhng mi hai chi lc nhip li trong bn
chi :
a. Nng dn chi - l v minh v hnh, c kh
nng dn n chng t ca nm qu l thc, danh sc,
lc nhp, xc, th. Trong y v minh ch th vai pht
khi ra nghip thin c chnh thc chiu cm i sau ;
cn chnh nghip thin c c pht khi mi gi l
hnh. Do , ht thy nghip thun hin th v mn
nghip tr gip cho bit bo tng lai, u khng phi
l hnh chi.
b. S dn chi - Tc nm th chng t thc, danh
v.v... trong bn thc, chnh n thn sanh ra thc, danh
sc v.v... thuc D thc qu ng lai, do hai chi u l
v minh v hnh dn pht ra, nn gi l s dn. Chng
t thc trong nm chi ny l thn nhn ca bn thc
trong ng lai. Chng t trong thc, ch tr ba nhn l
lc nhp, xc, th, cn cc nhn kia u thuc chng t
ca danh sc. Ba nhn sau nh th lp ca tn gi, l
chng t ca lc nhp, xc, th. Hoc chng t danh
sc th tng nhip c nm nhn ca trong bn thc.
Trong nm nhn ty s tri hn m lp bn th kia.
Lc nhp vi thc, chung ring cng th. (Nh nhip
vo danh tri hn th lp bn th thc, xc, th v
nhp. Nu nhip vo sc tri hn th lp nhn nhp
cho n thn nhp. Lc nhp vi thc chung ring cng
th, nh trong chng t th lc nhp tng nhip nm
nhn, trong nhn no tri hn th lp bn th kia).
Lun ni thc chi cng l nng dn. V nghip
chng t trong thc, gi l thc chi ; cn chng t D

thc thc th nhip thuc chng t danh sc chi. Kinh

Duyn Khi ni : Thc chi thng c nng dn s dn,
l ly c nghip chng v thc chng u gi l thc
chi. Thc l ch danh sc nng, khng phi nhip
thuc danh sc.
Nm th thc, danh sc v.v... do nghip hun tp
pht sanh, tuy tht ng thi m ch, bn, tng, bit,
thng, lit, nhn, qu khc nhau. Cho nn trong cc
Thnh gio gi ni nm chi c trc sau : Hoc ni
thc trc danh sc sau, hoc ni danh sc trc thc
sau ; hoc da vo qu ng lai khi ln c th lp
m ni c trc sau. Do ngha cng ni nm chi
thc v.v... l hin hnh. Nu trong nhn th khng c
ngha hin hnh. Hoc do qu ng lai hin khi m
ni s sanh s dn ng thi. Khi nghip chng c
i nhun v khi cha c i nhun, chc khng ng thi
(v minh pht nghip hun mt ln c nm chi l thc,
danh sc, lc nhp, xc, th. Sao li lp nm chi c
trc sau ? V thc l ch, bn chi kia l bn ; trong
bn danh sc l tng; lc nhp, xc, th, l bit,
trong bit lc nhp l hn ; xc, th l lit ; trong lit
xc l nhn ; th l qu, c khc nhau. Hoc khi
thnh thc, trc khi thc, ri mi khi danh sc
v.v...).
c. Nng sanh chi - l ba chi i, th, hu ; gn
nht l sanh ra sanh v lo t trong tng lai.
Ngha l trc do ci ngu m qu D thc bn trong (m
thn) pht sanh cc nghip chnh thc chiu cm i
sau lm duyn, dn pht chng t thn sanh nm qu l
thc, danh sc, thuc sanh v lo t trong tng lai ri ;
li da ci ngu m qu Tng thng bn ngoi v duyn
cnh gii th m pht khi tham, i ; li duyn i m
sanh ra bn th l dc th v.v... i v th hp li thm
nhun chng t nghip nng dn, v thm nhun nm
chi s dn nhn. Chnh nm chi chng t i li gi
l hu chi", v cng khi ln qu hu hu gn nht.

C ch ch ni nghip chng t gi l hu", v n

c th chnh thc chiu cm qu D thc.
Li c ch ch ni nm th chng t ca thc,
danh sc v.v... gi l hu", v n thn sanh ra chng t
thc, danh sc v.v... trong tng lai.
d. S sanh chi - l sanh v lo t, v l th
c sanh gn nht bi i, th v hu. Ngha l gia
giai on t trung hu n bn hu (khi sanh ra)
cha b suy bin, th u nhip v sanh hu. Giai
on suy bin gi l lo, thn hoi mng chung mi
gi l t. Lo khng nht nh c (c ngi cht non)
nn ghp vo vi t thnh mt chi lo t (t hu).
Bnh, ti sao khng lp lm mt chi ? V bnh th
khng bin khp v khng nht nh c (c ngi
khng bnh m cht), nn khng lp. Lo tuy khng
nht nh nhng bin khp nn lp thnh mt chi vi
t. V trong ba ci, su ng, bn sanh, tr k cht
yu, cn nhng k sp mnh chung u c hnh tng
suy vi h bi (lo).
Hi : Danh sc khng bin khp, ti sao li lp
lm mt chi ?
p : V n nht nh c nn lp chi ; v loi thai
sanh, non sanh, thp sanh, khi su cn cha y vn
c danh sc. Li chi danh sc cng l th khp c. Nh
loi ha sanh c sc, trong bc u th sanh tuy
nm cn m cha c tc dng, by gi cha th gi l
lc nhp chi c. Li khi mi sanh ci V sc, tuy
nht nh c cn nhng khng minh liu, cha th gi
l x c.
Do Lun ni : Mi hai hu chi, trong ht thy
cc chi, mt phn danh sc hai ci trn vn c.
Hi : Nu vy i khng phi khp c cc ci,
sao li ring lp lm mt chi ? V k sanh ci c,
khng a ni ?
p : V i nht nh c, nn ring lp lm mt
chi. Nh ngi ci c khng cu g th khng c i,

nu c cu sanh ci lnh, th nht nh l c i. Hng

Thnh gi Bt Hon khi nhun sanh tuy khng khi i,
nhng cng nh th chi i vi thn kia, nht nh c
chng t i. Li i cng bin khp cc ci, nh k
sanh ci c cng a thn v cnh hin ti ca n. Da
vo khng c ci i hy cu lm thn ni ci c m Kinh
ni khng c i, ch khng phi hon ton
khng i.
Hi : Ti sao s sanh chi th ch lp sanh v
lo t, m s dn chi li lp ring thnh nm chi l
thc, danh sc, lc nhp, xc, th ?
p : V ngay khi nhn v kh bit tng sai bit
ca n, nn da vo qu v ng lai m lp nm chi.
Ngha l trong khi tc sanh, tng thc nhn r rt, nn
lp thc chi ; tip khi su cn cha y th tng
danh sc ni bc, nn lp danh sc chi ; tip khi su
cn y tng lc nhp thnh vng, nn lp lc
nhp chi, ri y ni pht ra xc, nhn xc khi ln
th. By gi mi gi l rt ro th qu. Y ni qu v
m lp nhn lm nm.
qu v c tng sai bit d r nn tng lp ra hai
chi l sanh v lo t, va hin r ba kh (sanh l
hnh kh, lo l hoi kh, t l kh kh).
Nhng qu c sanh, nu v lai, l v mun
khin loi hu tnh sanh tm nhm chn, nn ni hai chi
sanh v lo t. Nu khi i n hin ti, th v mun
khin loi hu tnh r bit phn v tng lai ca n, nn
ni nm chi thc, danh sc, lc nhp, xc, th.
Hi : Ti sao v pht nghip th tng lp mt chi
v minh, cn v nhun sanh th lp ring hai chi i v
th ?
p : Tuy cc phin no u c th pht nghip v
nhun sanh, nhng a v pht nghip th v minh
c sc mnh hn, v c mi mt iu ni bc, l
s duyn hnh tng v.v... ni rng nh trong Kinh.
Cn a v nhun sanh th i c sc mnh hn v i

nh nc c th thm nhun. Phi ti tm lun mi

sanh ra mm hu v da vo i lc u, i lc sau m
phn ra i v th. Cn pht nghip khng th l pht
sanh trng lp, cho nn ch c mt chi v minh. Tuy
trong chi th gm ht cc phin no, nhng i
thm nhun mnh hn, cho nn ni i ni bc.
- Cc chi duyn khi u y ni t a. Nhng cng
c s pht sanh ra hnh y ni v minh tha a, nh
v minh h a pht sanh chi hnh ci trn.
Khng nh vy, th k lc mi dp c nhim h
a khi ra nh thng a, khng phi l khi
hnh sao? V v minh thng a kia khi cn
cha khi.
- Ngi t thng a sanh h a, hay t h a
sanh thng a, h duyn theo th no m khi i ? Ai
kia cng duyn vi th ni sp sanh hoc duyn vi
th hin hnh hay th chng t, u khng tri l.
- Mi hai chi y, trong mi chi nhn u v
hai qu cht, nht nh khng ng thi. Trong mi
chi nhn, by chi u v i, th, hu th hoc ng thi
hoc khng ng thi. Nu ring hai chi sanh v lo t,
nht nh ng thi, ba chi i, th, hu, nht nh ng
thi, hay by chi t v minh n th, nht nh ng
thi vi nhau.
- Mi hai chi nh vy, to thnh mt lp nhn
qu, ni r tnh cch lun hi, v xa la hai chp
on v thng. Gi s lp thnh hai lp nhn qu th
tht l v dng. Hoc lp nhiu lp hn y th b li v
cng.
Mi hai chi ny cn phn bit theo cc ngha mn
sau y.
1. Mn gi tht - Trong mi hai chi, chn chi u
l tht, v ba chi cui l hu, sanh v lo t l gi. V
su chi hnh, thc, danh sc, lc nhp, xc, th, do
c i v th thm nhun m hp li gi l hu nn
hu l gi. V chnh v nm chi l thc, danh sc, lc

nhp, xc, th m c ba tng sanh, lo, t khc nhau,

nn sanh lo t l gi.
2. Mn nht s phi nht s - l v minh, thc,
xc, th, i nm chi u cng mt s th ; cn cc chi
kia khng phi cng mt s th.
3. Mn nhim khng nhim - Ba chi l v minh, i,
th ch l nhim, v l tnh phin no ; cn by chi kia
ch l bt nhim, v l qu D thc. Nhn chnh trong
phn v by chi kia c th khi sanh nhim, nn gi
ni by chi kia thng c nhim v bt nhim.
4. Mn c tng tp tng phn bit - Ba chi v
minh, i, th l tng ring v khng xen tp vi cc
chi kia; cn cc chi kia ch l tng xen tp.
5. Mn sc phi sc - Su chi v minh, thc, xc,
th, i, th ch l phi sc ; cn cc chi kia thng c sc
v phi sc.
6-7. Mn hu lu hu vi, v lu v vi - C mi
hai chi u l hu lu v ch l hu vi ; cn v lu v vi
th khng phi l mi hai hu chi.
8. Mn ba tnh - V minh, i, th ch thng v
tnh bt thin v hu ph v k: hnh ch c tnh
thin, c: cn hu thng c thin, c v v ph v k.
By chi kia ch l v ph v k, nhng trong phn v
by chi cng khi ln thin v nhim.
9. Mn ba ci - Tuy c mi hai chi thng c ba
ci, nhng Dc gii th ton mi hai chi ; V sc
gii ch c mt phn.
10. Mn nng s tri - Hnh chi ca thng a
c th dp c phin no ca h a, chnh v chn ba
hnh tng l kh, th, chng, v a ba hnh tng l
tnh, diu, ly, m khi tm cu sanh ci trn nn khi
ln hnh chi .
11. Mn hc v hc - C mi hai chi u khng
phi hc, v hc, v Thnh gi ly minh tr lm duyn
m khi ln thin nghip hu lu iu tri vi hu
chi, khng nhip v hu chi. Do nn bit bc Thnh

khng cn to cc nghip chiu cm thn i sau, v

khng m cu kh qu i sau. Nhng xen tu thm tnh
l gip cho nghip c ci di m c sanh ln
tri Ng Tnh C, iu khng tri l.
12. Mn tam on - C kin cho rng v minh
ch thuc kin s on, v phi c m l mi pht
sinh hnh ng. Bc Thnh hn khng cn to nghip
i sau. Cn i v th hai chi ch thuc tu s on, v
do tham cu i sau m c nhun sanh hoc.V chn
th tm khi nn trong khi mnh chung, u cng khi
vi cu sanh i ( chn th tm khi mnh chung l, khi
Dc gii mnh chung, hoc khi tm Dc gii, Sc
gii, V sc gii. Khi Sc, V sc gii mnh chung
cng vy). Tr v minh, i, th, cn chn chi kia u
thng c kin v tu s on.
C kin cho rng c mi hai chi u thng c
kin v tu s on ; v Lun ni : Qu D lu on
ht thy mt phn hu chi", ch khng ai on sch ht
c. Nu v minh chi ch thuc kin s on th ti
sao ni D lu khng ton on ht ? Nu i, th, ch
thuc tu s on th ti sao ni D lu on mt
phn ht thy cc chi ? Li ni ht thy phin no ca
ton mt ci u c th kit sanh (tc nhun sanh
hoc). Li ni cc hnh ng a n ci c, ch do
phin no phn bit khi pht sanh, ch khng ni
nhun sanh phin no ch do tu s on, cng khng
ni cc hnh ng chiu cm i sau u do kin s
on hoc pht sanh. Do nn bit v minh, i, th,
ba chi cng thng c kin v tu s on. Nhng chi v

minh chnh thc pht sanh chi hnh a n c th

th ch thuc kin s on, nu n gip pht sanh hnh
nghip cc th khc th bt nh. Hai chi i v th
nu l chnh nhun sanh th ch l tu s on, cn gip
cho nhun sanh th bt nh.
- Li php m t tnh nhim l nn on tr, v
khi c o i tr khi ln th n b on hn, cn t
tnh ca php hu lu khng nhim th khng phi l
th nn on, v n khng tri o phm. Nhng c hai
ngha m ni l on :
a. V ly phc - l on cc phin no duyn
theo php hu lu v xen ln vi php hu lu.
b. V bt sanh - l on ch nng (ch phin
no phn bit) ca php hu lu khin n khng khi
c.
Da vo ngha ly phc trn m ni mt phn
hnh hu chi thin hu lu v by chi thc l danh sc
v.v...; v ph v k ch l tu s on. Da vo bt sanh
on trn m ni mt phn trong hnh hu chi chiu
cm c th v v tng nh, ch l kin s on.
Nu ni mi hai chi thng c kin v tu s on,
nn bit nh ni trc v cc cch on.
13. Mn tng ng ba th - Trong mi hai, mi
chi u tng ng vi lc v x th, v chi th khng
tng ng vi th ; chi lo t phn nhiu khng c lc,
x th. Chi mi mt l chi sanh tng ng vi kh,
tr th khng tng ng th. Mt phn ca chi mi
mt nhip v hoi kh.
14. Mn ba kh - C mi hai chi, mt phn t
nhip v kh, v trong ht thy chi u c kh th. Ton
phn mi hai chi u nhip v hnh kh, v cc php
hu lu u l hnh kh. Chi mi mt c mt phn
c theo x th th mt phn ca chi mi mt thuc
hnh kh ; chi lo t nhip v hoi kh. Tht ngha l

nh vy, nhng trong cc Thnh gio ty theo tng n

tng thnh m ni, nn khng nht nh.
15. Mn T - C mi hai chi u thuc Kh
, v n l tnh th un. Nm chi v minh, hnh, i,
th, hu cng nhip v Tp v n l tnh phin no.
16. Mn bn duyn - Cc chi i vi nhau nht
nh c duyn Tng thng ; cn ba duyn kia, hoc c
hoc khng, khng nht nh. Kh kinh y theo ngha
nht nh ni ch c mt duyn l duyn Tng thng.
Ai i vi th ; hu i vi sanh", c ngha lm
nhn duyn cho nhau. Nu thc chi l nghip chng,
th hnh chi i vi thc chi cng c ngha lm duyn
cho nhau. Cc chi khc i vi nhau khng c ngha
nhn duyn. Nhng trong Tp Lun ni : V minh i
vi hnh c ngha nhn duyn l c theo trong lc v
minh c nghip tp kh m ni, v nghip y tng ng
vi v minh m gi ni l v minh, ch k tht l hnh
chng t.
- Lun Du-gi ni : Cc chi i vi nhau ch c
ba duyn kia ch khng c ngha lm nhn duyn ;
cn y c theo i th hin hnh m ni c nhn
duyn cho nhau. Ch nghip chng mi c nhn duyn.
V minh i vi hnh, i i vi th ; sanh i vi lo
t c hai duyn l ng v gin v S duyn duyn.
Hu i vi sanh ch c S duyn duyn. Cc chi
khc i vi nhau khng c hai duyn Tng thng v
ng v gin.
- Trong y l y theo s k cn th lp khng tp
lon m ni ngha duyn khi tht. Khc vi iu ny,
cc chi i vi nhau m c lm duyn cho nhau l
khng nht nh. Nhng ngi thng tu nn suy ngh
ng nh l.
17. Mn hoc nghip kh - Ba th hoc, nghip,
kh, nhip trn mi hai chi. V minh, i, th, nhip v
hoc ; hnh ton phn v hu mt phn thuc nghip ;

by chi thc, danh sc, lc nhp, xc, th, sanh, lo t

v hu mt phn thuc kh.
C ch ni nghip ton nhip v hu, nn bit y
theo nghip hu m ni.
C ch ni thc nhip v nghip, l ly nghip
chng lm thc chi m ni.
Kt qu do hoc v nghip chiu cm, ch gi l
kh, v nhip v Kh , ng nhm chn vy. Do hoc
nghip, kh, tc chnh l mi hai chi, n c th lm
cho c s sanh t tng tc.
( th t)- Li na, sanh t tng tc l do nhn
duyn bn trong ch khng phi do nhn duyn bn
ngoi, cho nn ni duy c thc.
Nhn l hai nghip hu lu v lu chnh thc chiu
cm sanh t. Duyn l hai chng phin no v s tri,
tr gip s chiu cm ra sanh t .
V sao ? V sanh t c hai th :
1. Phn on sanh t - l cc nghip hu lu
thin v bt thin, do th lc ca phin no chng lm
duyn tr gip m chiu cm ra qu D thc th ph
trong ba ci vi thn mng sng lu hoc cht yu, do
sc nhn duyn m c s hn nh , cho nn gi l
phn on sanh t.
2. Bt t ngh bin dch sanh t - l cc nghip
v lu c phn bit, do th lc ca s tri chng lm
duyn tr gip chiu cm ra qu D thc vi thn mng
th thng vi t, do sc bi nguyn m thn mng ny
chuyn dch khng hn nh, cho nn gi l bin dch.
y chnh do nh v lu lm duyn tr gip chiu
cm, diu dng kh lng, cho nn gi l bt t ngh.
Thn bin dch sanh t cng gi l sanh thn.
Ngha l ty nguyn m sanh thnh.
Nh Kh kinh ni : Do ly th lm duyn,
nghip hu lu lm nhn m c tip tc i sau, cho
nn sanh ra trong ba ci. Cng nh vy, do v minh tr

a lm duyn v nghip v lu lm nhn m c ba

hng sanh thn l A-la-hn, c gic, T ti B-tt ;
cng gi l bin ha thn, do nh lc v lu chuyn
bin khc vi gc c, cng nh s bin ha.
Hi : Nh c Lun ni : Hng Thanh-vn v hc
dt hn thn hu hu", th lm sao c th chng
thnh V thng B- ?
p : Nng thn bin ha m chng V thng B, ch khng phi nng thn nghip bo, nn khng tri
l.
Hi : Nu s tri chng lm duyn tr gip cho
nghip v lu c th chiu cm sanh t th hng Nh
tha nh tnh khng th vnh vin nhp V d Nitbn ? ( v Nh tha cn s tri chng).
p : y cng nh hng D sanh (phm phu) b
buc rng theo phin no (khng th vo Nit-bn).
- Th no m o li tht s c th chiu cm
qu kh ?
- Ai ni tht s chiu cm ?
- Khng nh vy th th no ?
- Do nh v lu lm duyn tr gip cho nghip
hu lu khin cho qu c c tng tc lu di, trin
chuyn thng hn m gi gi l chiu cm thi. Nh
vy khi chiu cm l do s tri chng lm duyn tr
lc, ch khng phi ring s tri chng m c th chiu
cm.
Hi : Nhng s tri chng khng lm chng gii
thot, v n khng c tc dng lm pht nghip nhun
sanh, cn g n tr gip chiu cm kh bo sanh t
lm g ?
p : V t chng c B- v li lc qun
sanh cho nn tr gip chiu cm. Ngha l hng
Thanh-vn, c gic, Bt nh tnh v hng i
nguyn B-tt c i nguyn t ti, vnh vin on
dp phin no khng th cn th thn phn on sanh

t i sau, nhng v s ph b hnh tu B-tt di ngy,

bn dng nguyn lc thng nh v lu ng nh cch
ko di tui th m t tr ci nghip nhn ca thn hin
ti, khin nghip nhn ko di lm cho qu bo thn
hin ti sng lu khng dt. C nhiu ln nh vy, do
nh v nghip t tr tu hnh cho n khi chng
c V thng B-.
Hi : Nh vy cc v kia cn g phi nh s tri
chng t tr ?
p : V cha vin mn chng c v tng
i bi, nu khng c s tri chng chp B- v hu
tnh l tht c, th khng do u pht khi tm bi
nguyn mnh li. Li s tri chng, lm chng ngi
i B-, v mun vnh vin on tr nn n lu thn
li lu di. Li s tri chng l ch nng ca php hu
lu, chng ny nu khng c th php hu lu kia nht
nh khng c. Cho nn s tri chng c tr lc ln i
thn sng lu.
Nu thn lu li lu di m do nh v nguyn hu
lu t tr th thn y nhip vo phn on sanh t, v
l cnh gii ca hng Nh tha v D sanh. Nu do nh
v nguyn v lu t tr th thn ny nhip vo bin dch
sanh t, v khng phi l cnh gii ca Nh tha v D
sanh.
Do nn bit bin dch sanh t tnh l hu lu th
nhip vo D thc qu, i vi v lu nghip th l Tng
thng qu. C ch trong Thnh gio ni do v lu m ra
khi ba ci, l ty theo nghip v lu lm tr nhn m
ni.
- Trong bi Tng ni : Tp kh cc nghip chnh
l chng t hai nghip hu lu, v lu va c ni.
Cn tp kh hai th chnh l chng t hai chng
phin no, s tri va c ni. V u l chp trc
(cho nn ni l hai th). Ch cu v.v... v cc vn
khc trong bi tng th c gii ngha nh trc.

- Bin dch sanh t tuy khng phn tng on D

thc trc sau cht khc sanh khc, nhng do nh lc
t tr lm cho bin ci trc sau, nn cng c ngha D
thc trc chp dt li sanh ra D thc sau. Tuy cng
do hin hnh nghip v hai th khin cho sanh t tng
tc, nhng chng t ca n th nht nh phi c, nn
Tng ch ni n tp kh tc ni n chng t (v n c
lun ch khng nh hin hnh, khi hin, khi n).
Hoc hin th nhn v qu chn D thc, u
khng la bn thc, cho nn khng ni hin hnh.
D thc nhn hin hnh ca su thc khng tc
thi cho qu (phi hun tp thnh chng t sau mi cho
qu), cn cc chuyn thc th gin on (ch l D thc
sanh) khng phi l chn D thc (nn cu D thc
trc dt li sanh D thc sau trong bi Tng ct
ch cho chn D thc bt thc m ni).
Sanh t lun hi tri qua ba thi tin t, trung t,
hu t, khng cn ch c duyn bn ngoi, m ch do
ni thc nh vy th Tnh php tng tc ni cc bc
Thnh, nn bit cng vy. Ngha l t v th li, chng
t v lu vn c g da ni bn thc v do chuyn thc
thng thng hun tp pht sanh, dn dn tng hn
cho n khi rt ro c thnh Pht, th chuyn b chng
t thc tp nhim xa nay v chuyn c bt u khi
chng t thc thanh tnh, nhm vn duy tr ht thy
chng t cng c. Do sc bn nguyn khi ln cc
diu dng, cng tt i v lai tng tc v cng.
- Do nn bit Duy c ni thc m c sanh t
tng tc.
XVII. BA T TNH

- Nu ch c thc ti sao trong cc Kinh c

Th Tn ni c ba tnh ?
Nn bit ba tnh cng khng la thc, v sao ?
Tng ni :
Do bin k n kia,
Bin k chng chng vt,
Bin k s chp ny,
T tnh ton khng c.
T tnh Y tha khi,
Do duyn phn bit sanh ;
Vin thnh tht ni ,
Thng xa la bin k.
Nn n cng Y tha,
Chng khc chng khng khc.
Nh tnh v thng thy,
Thy y, mi thy kia.
Lun rng : So o chp trc cng khp mi th,
nn gi l Bin k. Phm loi Bin k rt nhiu, cho
nn ni l n kia (kia kia). tc l tnh h vng phn
bit Nng bin k. Chnh do tnh h vng phn bit
nng Bin nng bin k n kia m chp trc cng
khp mi vt b bin k ; l vng chp nm un,
mi hai x, mi tm gii v.v... l tht c ng hoc
php vi t tnh v ngha sai bit ca n (nh ng php
thng, v thng). T tnh v ngha sai bit ng php
c vng chp ny, chung li gi l Bin k s chp t
tnh. Chnh t tnh Bin k chp hon ton khng
c, v em gio v l suy xt thy n khng th c
c.
- Hoc cu tng u Do bin k n kia l ni v
thc nng bin k. Cu th hai Bin k chng chng
vt l ni v cnh s bin k. Na phn bi tng sau
mi ni n Bin k s chp hoc ng hoc php, t

tnh khng phi c, v rng ni r rng n l bt s

c (khng c c).
- u ht, t tng ca nng bin k nh th
no ?
- C kin cho rng tm thc v cc Tm s hu
lu u l Nng bin k, v t tnh n l h vng phn
bit hin ra tng t nh kin phn nng th v tng
phn s th. Li ni A-li-da thc ly chng t vng
chp v t tnh Bin k s chp lm s duyn.
C kin cho rng tm phm thc th su, thc
th by chp ng v php mi l Nng bin k.
Nhng trong Kinh ch ni thc l Nng bin k, v
v thc chung li gi l thc ; k t v phn bit l
Nng bin k. V chp ng v php tt l Tu Tm s,
do chp ng v php tt cng khi vi v minh Tm s
nn khng ni no ni v minh c thin tnh ; v mt
bn si v mt bn v si khng tng ng nhau ; v
khng thy ngi c chp th m dn n khng tr
c ; v chp c v chp khng, khng cng khi c
; v cha tng c s chp no m khng phi nng
hun. V tm hu lu khng chng tht l c, nn tt
c u gi l h vng phn bit (ch khng phi l
Nng bin k).
V tuy hin ra t nh tng s th, nng th nhng
khng phi ht thy u l Nng bin k. Ch bo rng
tm v lu cng c chp (nu tm v lu cng c chp)
th tr hu c v lu ca Nh Lai cng c chp (Bin
k) sao ?
Kh Kinh ni : Tr hu c ca Pht hin ra cc
nh tng thn, v t nh tm gng", nu khng c
tc dng nng duyn, s duyn th khng phi l tr.
Tuy Thnh gio ni : Tng thc duyn chng t ca
Bin k, nhng khng ni "Duy : Ch" duyn Bin k",
cho nn khng phi l li chng minh ng.

Do l l m ch tm phm th su v th by l
c tnh Nng bin k.
Thc phm tuy c hai l thc th su, thc th
by, nhng Bin k i vi hai, ba, bn, nm, su, by,
tm, chn, mi n hai mi php (nh danh, ngha,
thng, v thng, thin, bt thin v.v...) khc nhau,
cho nn trong bi Tng ni : N kia (kia kia).
- Th n t tnh ca S bin k nh th no ?
- Lun Nhip i tha ni : l Y tha khi, n
l S duyn duyn ca tm Bin k.
Hi : Tnh Vin thnh tht sao khng phi l cnh
s duyn ca Bin k ?
p : V chn tnh khng phi l cnh s duyn
ca vng chp. Nu c theo ngha trin chuyn m ni
th n cng l S bin k. Nhng bi Bin k s chp
ng php tuy l cnh ca tm Nng bin k, song khng
phi l S duyn duyn (v ng php khng tht, n ch
lm S duyn, ging nh mt trng th hai), cho nn
Vin thnh tht tnh khng phi l S bin k.
- Tng ca Bin k s chp nh th no ? N
vi Y tha khi c g khc ?
C kin cho rng Tm v Tm s hu lu trong
ba ci, do s hun tp h vng, sanh ra t nh hai l
Kin phn v Tng phn tc l nng th, s th. Hai
phn ny v tnh th c, v l th khng. Tng hai th
gi l Bin k s chp. Cn thc th t chng phn
lm ch nng cho kin tng, thc th tht nng
duyn sanh, tnh n chng phi khng, nn gi l Y tha
khi, v do duyn h vng phn bit m sanh ra. Lm
sao bit nh th ? V trong cc Thnh gio ni : H
vng phn bit l Y tha khi; cn hai th th gi l
Bin k s chp ( on ny ly t chng phn lm Y

tha khi, kin tng phn lm Bin k s chp- khng

chnh).
- C kin cho rng ht thy Tm v Tm s do
sc hun tp m bin ra hai phn Kin v Tng, hai
phn ny l do duyn sanh, cng l Y tha khi. Bin k
y vo vng chp cho l nht nh c tht ng php,
c, khng, mt, khc, cu, bt cu v.v..., mi gi l
Bin k s chp. V trong cc Thnh gio ni ch c
duy lng (thc), duy hai (kin tng), duy cc th
u c gi l Y tha khi ( on ny chnh ng).
Li bn php l tng, kin, t chng, chng t
chng, v mi mt thc (thn thc tc nm thc thn
gi thc tc nhim , th gi thc tc gii v.v...)
trong Lun ni u l Y tha khi. Nu kin v tng
m khng phi Y tha khi, th hai phn kin v tng
ca hu c tr v lu c gi l Bin k s chp. Nu
chp nhn l Bin k, thi Thnh tr khng phi
duyn hai phn kin v tng sanh, hoc Thnh tr
duyn hai phn khng phi thuc o . Nu
khng chp nhn kin v tng ca tr hu c l Bin
k s chp, th hai phn kin tng ca tm hu lu
cng vy.
Li nu hai phn kin v tng l Bin k s chp,
th c th ni nh sng th, khng phi l S duyn
duyn. V th ca Bin k s chp l khng tht c.
Li hai phn kin v tng khng tht, th
khng hun thnh chng t, nh vy thc sau sanh ra
khng c hai phn.
Li cc tp kh l tng phn ca thc th tm, v
li l php khng tht c, m c th lm nhn duyn
sanh ra tm thc hin hnh sao ?
Li nu hai phn kin v tng trong ni thc do
duyn sanh m khng phi l Y tha khi, th thc th

(t chng phn) lm ch nng cho kin v tng

cng th, v nguyn nhn hai bn khng khc nhau.
Do l l , m ht thy t th Tm, Tm s v
tng kin phn do duyn sanh, d hu lu, v lu u
l Y tha khi, tc l y ni duyn khc m c sanh
khi.
Bi tng ni : Do duyn phn bit sanh ch
v phn nhim Y tha, cn phn tnh Y tha th cng c
th ni l Vin thnh tht ; hoc cc Tm v Tm s
nhim, tnh, u gi l phn bit, v c kh nng duyn
l th ht thy nhim tnh Y tha, u nhip vo trong
tnh Y tha khi ny.
Tht tnh vin mn thnh tu ca cc php do hai
khng hin l, gi l Vin thnh tht, biu th th tnh
n bin khp, thng hng, v khng phi h vng sai
lm, gin bit vi t tng (khng bin khp), cng
tng (khng thng tr), h khng v ng (h vng)
v.v...
Hoc php hu vi v lu rt ro la in o, c tc
dng th thng chu bin, cng c gi l tnh Vin
thnh tht. Nhng nay trong bi Tng ct ni ngha
trc, ch khng phi ni ngha sau. Ngha trc l
tnh Vin thnh tht chnh l tnh Chn nh c
hin l bi hai khng, do t trn Y tha khi kia thng
xa la tnh Bin k s chp trc . - Tng ni ch
ni l biu th tnh Vin thnh tht vi tnh Y tha
khi chng tc chng ly. - tng ni ch thng xa la
l biu th tnh h vng chp trc nng th s th
khng phi thng c.- Tng ni ch trc l c
ngha biu th khng c Bin k, ch chng phi l
khng c Y tha. - Tng ni ch tnh l c ngha biu
th hai khng", ch chng phi l Vin thnh tht ; v
Chn nh (Vin thnh tht) xa la c tnh hu v v.
Do l l trn, Vin thnh tht ny vi Y tha khi
kia chng phi khc chng phi khng khc. Khc th
ha ra Chn nh khng phi l tht tnh ca Y tha cn

khng khc th tht tnh Chn nh ny ha ra l v

thng nh Y tha. Y tha kia, Chn nh ny nu u l
cnh tnh c hoc l phi tnh c, thi tr cn bn v tr
hu c khng c cng dng khc nhau (nh v chn
nh th thun tnh cn Y tha th thng c tnh v phi
tnh, nn hai tr duyn hai cnh c khc nhau. Cn bn
tr duyn Chn nh, hu c tr duyn Y tha).
Th no l tnh Vin thnh v tnh Y tha
chng phi khc chng phi mt ?
Nh trong cc php v thng v ng tnh v
thng vi cc php nu l khc, th cc php kia chng
phi v thng ; nu l khng khc th v thng ny
khng phi l cng tng ca cc php kia.
Do v d , hin th Vin thnh tht ny vi Y tha
khi kia chng phi mt, chng phi khc. Php v
php tnh, l phi nh th. Thng ngha v th tc i
i vi nhau mi c c.
Chng phi khng chng thy tnh Vin thnh m
li c th thy tnh Y tha khi, v nu cha t n tnh
Bin k s chp l khng, th khng th nh tht bit
c tnh Y tha khi l c.
Tr v phn bit chng Chn nh xong, trong hu
c tr mi c th liu t tnh Y tha khi nh l huyn
s.
Tuy t v th li, Tm v Tm s khc c th
duyn tng phn, kin phn ca chnh mnh, nhng v
ng php chp thng tng ng vi n, cho nn n
khng nh tht bit l do cc duyn dt dn Tm,
Tm s h vng phn bit bin ra ging nh cc huyn
s, rng nng, cnh mng, bng trong gng, bng
sng, ting vang, trng di nc do bin ha m
thnh, chng phi c m nh l c. Theo cc ngha nh
th, nn c Tng rng :
Phi chng thy Chn nh,
M r c cc hnh,

iu nh cc s huyn,
Tuy c m chng tht.
Trong bi tng ny ni ba th t tnh u khng
la Tm v Tm s php. Ngha l Tm v Tm s php
v cc s c bin hin u do duyn sanh, ging nh
cc s huyn, chng phi c m nh c, di gt k ngu.
Tt c th u gi l Y tha khi tnh. K ngu i vi
cc th Y tha khi vng chp ng v php, chp c,
khng, mt, khc, cu v bt cu, nh hoa m gia
khng, tnh ln tng u khng. Tt c th chp
u gi l Bin k s chp.
Cc ng v php vng chp da trn Y tha khi ,
u l khng, chn tnh ca thc c hin l t ci
khng , gi l Vin thnh tht. Th nn ba tnh ny
u khng la tm.
Hi : H khng v vi, Trch dit v vi, Phi trch
dit v vi, nhip v tnh no trong ba tnh trn ?
p : C ba u dung nhip. Tm v Tm s bin
ra t nh tng h khng v.v..., l ty tm sanh nn
nhip v tnh Y tha khi. K ngu i vi tng
vng chp cho l tht c, chnh l tnh Bin k s
chp. Nu t Chn nh gi t ra c H khng, Trch
dit, Phi trch dit, v vi, th nhip v tnh Vin thnh
tht.
V vi theo tm hu lu duyn, nht nh thuc Y
tha khi ; cn v vi theo tm v lu duyn, c th nhip
vo hai tnh. V do duyn sanh, n thuc Y tha; do tm
khng in o, n thuc Vin thnh tht tnh.
Ba tnh cng vi by Chn nh, nhip vo
nhau nh th no ?
By Chn nh l :
1. Lu chuyn Chn nh - Tht tnh ca php hu
vi.

2. Tht tng Chn nh - Tht tnh c hin l

bi hai v ng.
3. Duy thc Chn nh - Tht tnh ca php nhim
v tnh chnh l Duy thc.
4. An lp Chn nh - Tht tnh ca kh .
5. T hnh Chn nh - Tht tnh ca tp .
6. Thanh tnh Chn nh - Tht tnh ca dit .
7. Chnh hnh Chn nh - Tht tnh ca o .
By tht tnh nhip v Vin thnh tht, v l
cnh gii ca hai tr cn bn v tr hu c. Ty s
nhip thuc nhau m ba th l lu chuyn, kh, Tp
chn nh nhip vo hai tnh l Bin k v Y tha, v l
vng chp tp nhim. Bn th cn li, l nhip vo
Vin thnh tht tnh.
Ba tnh v su php nhip thuc nhau nh th
no ?
Trong su php kia u ba tnh sc, th, tng,
hnh, thc v v vi, c su php u c vng chp
(Bin k), duyn sanh (Y tha) v tht l (Vin thnh).
Ba tnh v nm s nhip thuc nhau nh th
no?
- Trong cc Thnh gio ni : Nhip thuc nhau
khng nht nh. Ngha l hoc c ch ni Y tha khi
nhip bn s l tng, danh, phn bit, chnh tr ; Vin
thnh tht th nhip v Chn nh ; Bin k s chp
khng nhip nm s.
Tm v Tm s php hu lu bin ra t nh l
tng s thuyn, gi l tng. Bin ra t nh tng
nng thuyn t ra gi l danh. Tm nng bin th
lp lm phn bit. Tm v lu xa la h lun nn ch gi
chung l chnh tr, ch khng gi l nng thuyn, s
thuyn. C bn s u t duyn sanh nn nhip v Y
tha khi.
Hoc c ch ni Y tha khi nhip v tng v

phn bit ; Bin k chp th nhip v danh ; chnh tr v

chn nh th nhip v Vin thnh tht. Li ni tng
phn ca Tm v Tm s hu lu gi l tng, ngoi ra
gi l phn bit; Bin k s chp hon ton khng c
tht th, v hin th n chng phi c, nn gi ni l
danh ; hai th chnh tr v chn nh, v khng in o
nn nhip vo Vin thnh tht.
Hoc c ch ni Y tha khi tnh ch nhip v phn
bit ; Bin k s chp nhip v tng v danh ; cn
chnh tr v chn nh th nhip v Vin thnh tht.
l ni tng phn, kin phn ca Tm v Tm s hu
lu, tng gi l phn bit, v t tnh n l h vng phn
bit. Bin k s chp nng thuyn, s thuyn theo vng
tnh m lp lm hai s l danh v tng.
Li c ch ni danh ch thuc v tnh Y tha khi,
ngha (tng) thuc v tnh Bin k s chp. y l ni
tng phn, kin phn ca Tm v Tm s hu lu do
th lc ca danh m thnh ra s Bin k, cho nn ni l
danh. Bin k s chp l ty theo danh m chp vy,
ch khng c tht th, nn gi lp gi l ngha (tc
tng).
Trong cc Thnh gio, nhiu ch ni v nm s,
vn tuy c khc nhau m ngha khng tri nhau. Nhng
trong cc thuyt nu trn, thuyt u khng tp lon,
nh trong lun Du-gi ni rng, nn bit.
- Li trong Thnh gio ni : Nm tng (l
tng nng thuyn tng s thuyn, tng tng
thuc ca nng thuyn s thuyn, tng chp trc,
tng khng chp trc), nm tng vi ba tnh
nhip thuc nhau nh th no ?
- Tng s thuyn, tng nng thuyn u ba
tnh, ngha l vng k chp s thuyn, nng thuyn th
nhip thuc Bin k tnh. Tng, danh, v phn bit th
ty s thch ng (tng danh l s thuyn, phn bit l
nng thuyn) m nhip v Y tha khi. Chn nh v
chnh tr ty s thch hp nng thuyn, s thuyn m

nhip v Vin thnh tht tnh. V do tr hu c bin ra

t nh tng nng thuyn. Tng tng thuc ca
hai th s thuyn, nng thuyn ch nhip v Bin k
chp, v vng chp ngha v danh nht nh n h thuc
nhau. Tng chp trc tng th bn ch l Y tha
khi, v ly s h vng phn bit lm t tnh. Tng
khng chp trc th nm th ch l Vin thnh tht, v
ly tr v lu lm t tnh.
- Li trong Thnh gio ni : Bn chn tht (th
gian chn tht, o l chn tht, phin no chng
tnh chn tht, s tri chng tnh chn tht) n vi
ba tnh nhip thuc nhau nh th no?
- Hai chn tht th gian v o l nhip thuc v Y
tha khi v nhip v ba s l danh, tng, phn bit.
- Hai chn tht c nhn bit do tr thanh tnh
ngoi hai chng phin no v s tri, th nhip thuc v
Vin thnh tht v nhip vo hai s l chnh tr v chn
nh.
- Lun Bin Trung Bin ni : Th chn tht theo
th gian ch nhip thuc v tnh Bin k s chp v
l nhng u ca th gian cng chp nhn. Th o l
chn tht th hai th nhip thuc c ba tnh, v o l
thng c c chp, khng chp, tp nhim, thanh tnh.
Hai th chn tht sau cng ch nhip thuc v Vin
thnh tht.
- Ba tnh v Bn nhip thuc nhau nh th
no?
- Trong mi u ba tnh.
Nh trong Kh ", tnh v thng, v ng v.v...
mi mi c ba tnh. V thng c ba :
a. V tnh v thng, v l tnh thng v.
b. Khi tn v thng, v c sanh, c dit.
c. Cu tnh v thng, v a v chuyn bin khi
cu, khi tnh.
"Kh" c ba :

a. S th kh, ch nng ta, chp th ca hai

chp ng v php.
b. S tng kh, l tng ba kh.
c. Ha hp kh, kh hp vi kh.
"Khng c ba :
a. V tnh khng, v tnh chng phi c.
b. D tnh khng, v Khng vi Vng chp hai
tnh khc nhau.
c. T tnh khng, ly ch hin l ca hai khng
lm t tnh.
"V ng c ba :
a. V tng v ng, l ng tng khng c.
b. D tng v ng, v ng vi tng ng chp h
vng khc nhau.
c. T tng v ng, l t tng do v ng hin l.
"Tp c ba :
a. Tp kh tp, tc l chp tp kh ca Bin k s
chp t tnh. Chp vo tp kh , gi lp l tp kh tp.
b. ng khi tp, tc l nghip v phin no.
c. Cha ly h tp, tc Chn nh cha la chng.
"Dit c ba :
a. T tnh dit, tc l t tnh bt sanh.
b. Nh th dit, tc l trch dit, hai th khng cn
sanh.
c. Bn tnh dit, tc l Chn nh.
"o c ba :
a. Bin tri o, l c th bit tnh Bin k s chp.
b. Vnh on o l c th on nhim phn Y tha
khi.
c. Tc chng o, l c th chng Vin thnh tht.
Nhng bin tri o cng thng c vnh on o v tc
chng o.
Kh c bn ln ba, Tp c mt ln ba, Dit
c mt ln ba, o c mt ln ba, Bn cng c

by ln ba nh th, theo th lp m phi hp vi ba

tnh. Nay trong y, ba tnh c phi hp vi Bn
hoc gi hoc tht, theo l nn bit.
- Cnh gii ca ba gii thot mn (l khng, v
nguyn, v tng) vi ba tnh ny nhip thuc nhau
nh th no ?
L tht th ba mn u thng c ba tnh ; cn theo
tng th mi mn thng mi tnh. Nh th lp nn
bit, do tnh Bin k s chp m lp khng mn", do
tnh Y tha khi m lp v nguyn mn ; do tnh Vin
thnh tht m lp v tng mn. Duyn theo y li
sanh ba v sanh nhn :
a. Bn tnh v sanh nhn.
b. T nhin v sanh nhn.
c. Hoc kh v sanh nhn.
Nh th lp ba tnh ny l i cnh ca ba nhn
kia.
- Ba tnh ny lm sao nhip c hai ?
- Nn bit th tc c ba tnh ny. Thng
ngha ch nhip tnh Vin thnh tht.
Th tc c ba l gi th tc, hnh th tc, hin
liu th tc. Nh th lp nn bit tng ng vi ba tnh
Bin k chp, Y tha, Vin thnh tht.
Thng ngha c ba :
a. Ngha thng ngha, tc l chn nh, ngha ca
thng.
b. c thng ngha, tc Nit-bn, thng tc ngha.
c. Hnh thng ngha, tc Thnh o, thng l
ngha.
Thng ngha l khng bin i, khng in o,
theo s thch hp u nhip vo Vin thnh tht tnh.

- Ba tnh nh th, tr no nhn bit ?

- Bin k s chp hon ton khng phi cnh
duyn ca tr. V n khng t th, khng phi l S
duyn duyn. Nhng i Bin k chp, k ngu chp l
c ; bc Thnh t l khng, nn cng c ni n l
cnh gii ca tr k ngu v bc Thnh, thuc v tnh Y
tha khi, v l cnh i tng ca hai tr ngu v Thnh.
Vin thnh tnh ch l cnh gii ca Thnh tr.
- Trong ba tnh , my gi my tht ?
- Bin k s chp, an lp h vng nn ni l "gi";
li v khng c th tng tht, nn c th ni chng
phi gi, chng phi tht. Tnh Y tha khi c tht c
gi. Nu l t tp (kh gii, cn thn) tng tc (tng
chuyn dch ca Tm, Tm s) phn v (hai mi bn
bt tng ng) ni l gi c, song Tm, Tm s v c
th ty duyn sanh nn ni l tht c. Nu khng c gi
php th tht php cng khng. Gi y nhn ni tht m
by t ra. Tnh Vin thnh tht, ch l tht c, khng
nng tha duyn m by t ra.
- Ba tnh l khc hay khng khc nhau?
- Nn ni khng phi c hai, v khng c t th
ring, nn chng khc, nhng vng chp (Bin k),
duyn khi (Y tha), v chn ngha (Vin thnh) khc
nhau, nn chng khng khc.
Ba tnh nh vy, c rt nhiu ngha, s rm r
nn ch lc ni cng yu.
(Ht cun tm theo bn Hn)

XVIII. BA V TNH
Nu c ba tnh, ti sao c Th Tn ni : Ht
thy php u khng t tnh?"
Tng rng :

Chnh nng ba tnh ny,

Lp ba khng tnh kia.
Nn Pht mt ni :
Ht thy php khng tnh.
Trc l tng khng tnh,
K, khng t nhin tnh.
Sau, do la tnh trc,
L tnh chp ng php.
y thng ngha cc php,
Cng tc l chn nh.
V thng nh tnh n,
Tc thc tnh Duy thc.
Lun rng : Chnh nng ni ba tnh trc y m
lp ra ba khng tnh sau ny, l Tng khng tnh,
Sanh khng tnh, Thng ngha khng tnh. Cho nn
Pht mt ni ht thy php u khng c t tnh",
ch chng phi ni tnh hon ton khng c.
Trong bi Tng ni mt l biu th li ni y
chng phi vi ngha rt ro. Ngha l hai tnh Y tha v
Vin thnh sau tuy c th chng phi khng, nhng c
k ngu i vi hai tnh vng chp thm trn n tnh
ng v tnh php tht c. Chnh s vng chp y gi l
Bin k s chp.
V tr ci vng chp y m c Th Tn i vi
ci c ca Y tha v Vin thnh, v ci khng ca
Bin k, Ngi ni chung l khng tnh.
Th no l nng ba tnh ny m lp ra ba khng
tnh kia ?
l nng tnh Bin k s chp u m lp ra
Tng khng tnh ; v do th tng ca n hon ton
chng phi c, ging nh hoa m gia h khng.
Nng tnh Y tha th hai m lp ra Sanh khng
tnh. V Y tha khi l nng cc duyn m sanh ra,
ging nh s huyn, khng phi nh vng tnh chp c
tnh t nhin sanh, nn gi ni Sanh khng tnh", ch

chng phi ni tnh Y tha hon ton khng.

Nng ni tnh Vin thnh sau ht m lp ra
Thng ngha khng tnh. Ngha l chnh thng ngha
v do xa la tnh Bin k s chp v ng php trc
m gi ni l Thng ngha khng tnh", ch khng
phi tnh thng ngha han ton khng. V nh thi
h khng, tuy bin khp cc sc, nhng li c hin
by bi cc sc khng tnh.
Tuy Y tha khi chng phi l thng ngha, cng
c gi l Thng ngha khng tnh, song v s lm
ng vi tnh Y tha th hai cho nn y khng ni
(khng ni Y tha l thng ngha khng tnh m ch ni
nng Y tha lp Sanh khng tnh)
Tnh Vin thnh tht ny chnh l ngha th thng
ca cc php, l thng ngha ca ht thy php.
Nhng thng ngha lc c bn th :
1. Th gian thng ngha, l nm un, mi hai
x, mi tm gii v.v...
2. o l thng ngha, l bn Diu .
3. Chng c thng ngha, l chn nh c
hin l bi hai khng.
4. Thng ngha thng ngha, l php gii nht
chn.
Ch Thng ngha c ni trong bi tng l
ch cho Thng ngha th t, v y l ngha l ca o
phm ti thng tu chng, v gin bit khc vi ba
Thng ngha u nn tng ni li .
Thng ngha ny ca cc php cng chnh l chn
nh. Chn l chn tht, biu th chng phi h di ; nh
l nh thng, biu th khng bin dch. Ngha l tnh

chn tht ni tt c ngi v u thng nh tnh n (ty

duyn bt bin), cho nn gi l chn nh. Chnh l
ngha ng lng khng h vng.
Trong bi tng ni ch cng, l hin th thng
ngha, cn c nhiu tn nh Php gii, Tht t v.v...
nh trong cc b lun ty theo ngha gii rng.
Thng ngha ny chnh l thc tnh Duy thc.
Tnh Duy thc lc c hai th :
- Mt l tnh h vng, tc tnh Bin k s chp.
- Hai l tnh chn tht, tc l tnh Vin thnh tht.
V gin bit khc vi tnh h vng cho nn ni Tht
tnh.
Li c hai tnh :
1. Th tc, tc l Y tha khi.
2. Thng ngha, tc Vin thnh tht. V gin
bit khc vi th tc, cho nn ni Tht tnh.
Ba bi tng trn chung li hin th rng, trong cc
Kh kinh ni ch v tnh chng phi l ni vi ngha
tht rt ro. Nhng ngi c tr khng nn da theo
bc lun rng ht thy php u khng t tnh.
XIX. NM HNH V TU CHNG.
- i vi Duy thc tng, Duy thc tnh c
thnh lp nh vy. Ai ? Qua bao nhiu v th ? Nh th
no c ng nhp ?
- Ai c hai chng tnh i tha, tri qua nm v
th, ln ln ng nhp.
Nhng g l hai th chng tnh i tha ? l :
a. Chng tnh vn tnh c sn, tc l php nhn v
lu, php nh sn c, t v thy li, y ph ni bn thc.
b. Chng tnh do hun tp thnh, tc do nghe
Chnh php t php gii bnh ng lu xut, nghe ri
suy ngh, suy ngh ri tu tp, hun tp thnh chng tnh.

Phi c hai chng tnh i tha mi c th

dn dn tri qua nm v th ng nhp Duy thc.
- Sao gi l nm v th ng nhp Duy thc ?
1. T lng v - Tu tp thun theo gii thot phn
(Nit-bn) ca i tha.
2. Gia hnh v - Tu tp thun theo quyt trch phn
(kin o) ca i tha.
3. Thng t v - L cc B-tt tr a v thy o.
4. Tu tp v - L cc B-tt tr a v tu o.
5. Cu knh v - L tr a v V thng Chnh
ng B-.
- Th no l dn dn ng nhp Duy thc ?
l cc B-tt i vi l Duy thc tng, tnh ;
trong T lng v, tin hiu su xa ; trong Gia hnh
v, dn dn khc phc dit tr s th, nng th, nh
dn pht sanh tr chn kin o ; trong Thng t v,
thng t ng nh tht l Duy thc tng, tnh ;
trong Tu tp v, th ng nh l thng t, nhiu ln
tu tp khc phc dt tr cc chng ; n Cu knh v,
th ra khi mi chng, c trn sng, tn i v lai
gio ha hu tnh, khin h cng ng nhp c Duy
thc tng, tnh.
XX. T LNG V
- Th nht, T lng v, tng n nh th no
?
Tng rng :
Cho n cha khi thc,

Cu tr tnh Duy thc,

i hai th ty min,
Cn cha th phc dit.
Lun rng : T khi pht tm i B- thm su
vng chc, cho n khi cha khi ln thc thun theo
phn quyt trch ca Gia hnh v, mt mt chuyn cu
tr tnh chn thng ngha ca Duy thc, ngang trong
giai on y, u thuc vo T lng v. V tm hng
ti V thng Chnh ng B-, m tu tp cc th T
lng th thng v v chng hu tnh m sing nng
cu gii thot, do cng gi l thun theo phn gii
thot.
B-tt a v ny cn da vo bn lc th thng
l ni nhn, thin hu, tc v t lng, nn i vi
ngha l Duy thc tuy c tin hiu su sc, nhng cha
c th hiu r c nng th, s th u khng. V phn
nhiu cn tr ca ngoi (s tng) m tu hnh B-tt,
cho nn i vi ty min ca hai th cn cha c cng
sc khc phc, tr dit khin cho n khng khi ln hai
th hin hnh.
Trong bi Tng ni hai th chnh l ni hai th
chp th v hai th, tc chp th Kin phn nng th v
chp th Tng phn s th. Tp kh ca hai th tc
gi l Ty min ca hai th. N theo ui loi hu tnh
v n ng trong Tng thc, hoc theo chng hu tnh
lm tng thm m lm ti li, nn gi l Ty min.
cng chnh l chng t ca s tri chng v phin no
chng.

Phin no chng l chp tht ng Tt-ca-gia kin

(thn ng kin) theo Bin k s chp. Kin ny ng
u ca 128 Cn bn phin no v cc Ty phin no t
n tng t lu xut ra. Chng u lm ri lon bc
no thn tm loi hu tnh v lm chng ngi Nitbn, cho nn gi l Phin no chng.
S tri chng l chp tht php Tt-ca-gia kin
(php ng kin). Kin ny ng u ca kin, nghi, v
minh, i, nhu, mn v.v..., chng che lp cnh s tri
tnh khng in o, v lm chng ngi B-, cho
nn gi l S tri chng. S tri chng ny quyt nh
khng tng ng vi thc D thc th tm, v thc ny
qu vi t lit nhc ; v thc ny khng tng ng vi
v minh v tu ( m s tri chng th l v minh l lit
tu) ; v v thc ny cng khi vi tr phm php
khng.
Trong by chuyn thc, th ty s thch hp m c
s tri chng ny hoc t hoc nhiu, ging nh Phin
no chng.
Nm thc nhn, nh v.v... v khng c tnh phn
bit, nn khng tng ng vi kin, nghi v.v... ca php
chp. Ngoi kin, nghi, cn cc phin no khc, do
lc dn khi, ni nm thc u c.
S tri chng ny ch tng ng vi tm bt thin
v v k. Lun ni : V minh (s tri chng) ch c
tnh bt thin v v k", v si (bt thin) v v si (thin)
khng tng ng nhau.
Trong Phin no chng chc chn c s tri
chng, v phin no chng nht nh dng S tri
chng lm ch nng.
Hai chng th khng khc nhau m dng th c
khc. Cho nn hai th ty min ny ty theo nng lc

ca Thnh o hn hoc km m dt tr n c trc, c

sau.
Trong bn th v ph v k (l oai nghi), cng
xo, bin ha, D thc), s tri chng ny thuc D thc
sanh. Cn cc th oai nghi v k kia th dng bc
nhc khng th che lp cnh s tri, lm chng ngi
B-. y gi S tri chng l v ph, l i vi Nh
tha m ni, nu i vi B-tt th S tri chng cng
l hu ph.
- Nu trong s tri chng gm c kin, nghi v.v...
th ti sao trong Kh kinh ni chng t S tri chng l
v minh tr a ?
- V trong S tri chng th v minh tng thnh
hn, nn gi chung l v minh, ch khng phi khng
c kin, nghi, nh trong loi chng t Phin no
chng nu thuc c kin th lp lm kin i tr a,
nu thuc v Dc, Sc, V sc gii th lp lm dc i
tr a, sc i tr a, hu i tr a, ch u phi trong
cc tr a khng c mn, v minh v.v...
Hai chng nh vy, nu l phn bit khi, th
nhip v kin o on ; nu l nhm vn (cu sanh)
khi th nhip v tu o on.
Nh tha ch on c phin no chng, B-tt
mi on c c hai chng. Nhng vnh vin on
c chng t hai chng, th ch c Thnh o mi
a mi lm c. Cn khc phc hin hnh hai
chng, th c hu lu o trc khi ng a cng lm
c.

B-tt tr trong T lng v ny, tuy khc phc

c hai chng hin hnh phn th, nhng i vi hai
chng hin hnh phn t v hai ty min ca hai
chng , th v sc ch qun cn yu km nn cha
th dp dt c.
t lng v ny tuy cha chng c tnh chn
nh Duy thc, nhng nng vo sc hiu bit th
thng, tu cc thng hnh (lc ), nn n cng c
nhip vo a v gii hnh.
- Thng hnh tu y, tng n nh th no ?
- Lc c hai th l Phc v tr. Trong cc thng
hnh nu do tu lm tnh th gi l tr, ngoi ra th gi
l phc. Nh su Ba-la-mt-a, tng chung th u
gm c phc v tr ; theo tng ring th nm Ba-lamt u l phc c, Ba-la-mt th su l tr tu.
Hoc ba Ba-la-mt u ch l phc c ; mt Ba-lamt cht l tr tu ; hai Ba-la-mt tinh tn, thin nh th
thng c phc v tr.
- Li c hai th, l t li v li tha. Khi tu tp
thng hnh, ty theo sc lc m ht thy thng hnh
thng c t li, li tha.
Ni theo tng sai bit, th su Ba-la-mt v cc
php B- phn u nhip v hnh t li ; cn bn
nhip s, bn v lng tm v.v..., u nhip v hnh li
tha. Nhng hnh tu nh th nhiu v bin, u l thng
hnh c tu tp T lng v ny.
T lng v ny tuy cha dp tr c hai
chng, khi tu thng hnh, du c ba s thi tht,

nhng c th ly ba s ti luyn tm mnh, khin

c dng mnh khng b thi tht vic tu chng. Ba
s l :
1. Nghe ni V thng Chnh ng B- rng
ln su xa, tm lin thi khut, bn dn vic ca ngi
khc tu, chng i B-, ti luyn tm mnh
c dng mnh khng cn thi tht.
2. Nghe ni b th Ba-la-mt v.v... rt kh thc
hnh, tm lin thi tht, bn thc tnh a thch ca
mnh c th tu hnh b th v.v... ti luyn tm mnh,
khin dng mnh khng cn thi tht.
3. Nghe ni qu chuyn y vin mn ca cc c
Pht rt kh chng t, tm lin thi khut, bn dn
iu thin th thin ca ngi em so vi nhn tu th
diu ca mnh ti luyn tm mnh, khin dng mnh
khng thi khut.
Do ba s m ti luyn c tm mnh trong
vic tu cc thng hnh.
XXI. GIA HNH V
- Th hai, Gia hnh v, tng n nh th no ?
Tng rng :
Hin tin lp cht vt,
Cho l tnh Duy thc.
V cn c s c,
Cha thc tr Duy thc.
Lun rng : B-tt trc ht v s kip u,
kho d b t lng phc c v tr tu, vic thun

theo phn gii thot c vin mn, li cn mun

tin ln vo Kin o, tr tnh Duy thc, nn tip tu
bn Gia hnh, khc phc dit tr hai th, l tu Non,
nh, Nhn, Th nht. Bn thc ny gi chung l
phn quyt trch. V thun hng n phn quyt trch
chn tht, v v gn n Kin o, cho nn lp tn Gia
hnh, ch khng phi T lng v trc khng c
Gia hnh.
Bn php Non, nh, Nhn, Th nht l
nng bn tm t v bn nh tht tr, theo v th trc
sau m lp.
Bn tm t (suy tm, t st) l tm t danh, tm t
ngha, tm t t tnh, tm t sai bit. Bn th u l
gi c khng tht.
Nh tht bit khp bn th danh, ngha v.v... ,
la thc khng c v thc chp th la bn tng
cng khng c (s th nng th u khng) ; gi l
tr nh tht. Danh v ngha tng khc nhau cho nn
tm t ring ; cn t tnh v sai bit ca danh v ngha
tng ng nhau, nn hp li m tm t.
- Nng minh c nh, pht sanh tm t bc h,
qun thy khng c tng s th, lp lm Non v.
Ngha l a v ny qun bn php s th l danh,
ngha, t tnh, sai bit, u do t tm bin hin, gi thi
thit ni l c, nhng k tht khng c g nm bt
c. Ban u t c hnh tng sng trc tin ca
mt tri tu, nn t tn l minh c. Tc l t c
tng ban u ca la o (tng nng), nn cng gi
l Non.
- Nng Minh tng nh, pht khi tm t bc
thng, qun thy khng c s th, lp lm nh v.
Ngha l a v ny vn qun bn php danh, ngha, t
tnh, sai bit u do t tm hin bin, gi thi thit cho
l c, nhng k tht khng c g nm bt c. Tng
sng ca la tu sng dn ln, nn gi l Minh tng.
Tt nh ca a v tm t, nn li gi l nh (u).

- Nng n thun nh, pht khi tr nh tht bc

h, i vi khng s th quyt nh n nhp gi gn,
v i vi khng nng th cng ty thun vui nhn.
khng c cnh tht la thc nng th, th u c thc
tht la khi cnh s th. S th, nng th ch do i i
m c. Khi n nhp ty thun, chp nhn, chung li gi
l nhn. n nhp khng s th trc v ty thun
khng nng th sau, cho nn gi l n thun", nhn
chu cnh v thc u khng, nn cng gi l Nhn.
- Nng v gin nh, pht khi tr nh tht bc
thng, n nhp c hai th u khng, lp lm php
Th nht. Ngha l nhn bc thng trc kia ch
n nhp nng th khng", nay php th nht ny c
hai khng u n nhp. T y lin tc khng gin
on, th chc chn nhp vo Kin o, nn gi l V
gin. trong php ca loi d sanh th n y l php
ti thng hn c, nn gi l Th nht.
Nh th Non v nh l nng thc nng th m
qun cnh s th l khng ; n khi khi ln nhn bc
h th n chng tng khng ca cnh ; khi chuyn v
sang trung nhn th i vi thc nng th cng thy n
l khng nh cnh, thun vui nhn c th theo ; n
khi nhn bc thng khi ln th n chng nng th
khng. Ln n Th nht php th n chng c nng
th, s th u khng.
Tuy nhin, a v trn v cn thy c tng
khng chng, nn cha chng thc. V vy ni
B-tt a v ny, hin tin cn lp ra cht vt m cho
l tnh thng ngha Duy thc, l do cha tr c
hai tng khng v c, v cn mang theo tng
qun tm, cn c s c, cho nn chng phi tht an tr
chn Duy thc ; khi tng kia dit ri, mi tht an tr.
Nng theo ngha , nn c tng rng :
B-tt trong nh,
Qun nh ch l tm,

Tng ngha dit tr,

Thm qun ch t tng.
Nh vy tr ni tm,
Bit s th chng c.
Bit nng th cng khng,
Sau chng v s c.
Gia hnh v ny cha khin tr c s rng
buc ca tng c, tng khng, nn i vi s rng
buc ca hai th trng chng cng cha th dt. Ch
c th dp tr hai chng phn bit hin hnh, v hai
chng phn bit hin hnh tri vi Kin o ; cn hai
chng cu sanh hin hnh v hai chng ty min, v
tm cn hu lu, qun cn c s c, c phn bit, cho
nn cha hon ton dp tr, cha hon ton dt ht.
B-tt a v ny, i vi an lp (bn ) v
phi an lp (nh khng chn nh) u hc tp qun
st, dn pht sanh hai kin l chn kin o v tng
kin o trong ng lai, v dp hai chng phn
bit. Phi an lp l cnh s qun chnh ca B-tt,
ch khng phi nh Nh tha ch qun an lp .
B-tt pht khi cc thin cn Non, nh v.v...,
lc tu phng tin, tuy thng c cc ci Thin u pht
c, nhng phi nng thin th t mi c vin
mn, v nng ni ch ti thng mi nhp vo Kin
o. V ch nng thn ngi ci Dc mi pht khi
thin cn ny ; cn cc ci khc th tm tu v tm
nhm chn cn km, kh pht sanh c.
a v Gia hnh ny cng nhip thuc gii hnh
a, v cha chng c chn thng ngha ca Duy
thc.
XXII. THNG T V
- Th ba l Thng t v, tng n nh th no
?

Tng rng :
Nu khi i s duyn,
Tr g khng s c,
By gi tr Duy thc,
V la hai tng th.
Lun rng : Nu khi B-tt i vi cnh s duyn,
tr khng phn bit, hon ton khng s c, khng
chp th cc tng h lun, by gi mi gi l tht an
tr tnh chn thng ngha Duy thc, tc l chng Chn
nh. Tr v Chn nh bnh ng, u la c tng nng
th, s th, v nng th, s th u l tng h lun do
tm phn bit c s c hin ra.
- C ngi cho rng tr ny khng c hai phn
Kin v Tng, v ni khng c tng s th, nng th.
- C ngi cho rng tr ny c hai phn tng
v kin, v tr c mang theo tng chn nh kia m
khi, gi l duyn tng kia. Nu khng cn c
tng chn nh kia m cng gi l duyn tng chn
nh kia, th l ra tr duyn sc cng l tr duyn thanh,
cn nu khng c kin phn th khng th duyn c,
lm sao c th ni l tr duyn chn nh ? Khng th
cho rng tnh chn nh khng phi kin phn m cng
gi l nng duyn. Cho nn, nn chp nhn tr ny chc
chn c kin phn.
- C ngi cho rng tr ny kin phn th c,
tng phn th khng, v ni khng c tng kh th,
y l khng chp th tng. Tuy c kin phn m
khng phn bit, nn ni chng phi nng th, ch
khng phi nng th hon ton khng c. Tuy khng c
tng phn nhng c th ni tr ny c mang theo
tng chn nh m khi, khng phi la chn nh. Nh
khi t chng phn duyn kin phn, l khng bin ra
tng phn m duyn, y cng nh vy. Bin ra tng
phn m duyn, l khng phi thn chng. Nh tr hu
c th n c phn bit. Cho nn, nn chp nhn tr

cn bn chng chn nh ny c kin phn, khng c

tng phn.
Tu Gia hnh lin tc khng gin on, n khi tr
khng phn bit ny pht sanh th th hi chn nh, gi
l a v thng t. V mi bt u chiu r chn l,
nn cng gi l Kin o.
- Nhng Kin o ny lc c hai th :
- Mt l chn kin o. Chnh l tr khng phn
bit ni y, n thc chng chn l do hai khng hin
l, thc on c ty min chng t ca hai chng
phn bit. Tuy tm tri qua nhiu st na vic mi rt
ro, nhng v trc sau tng t nhau, nn gi chung l
nht tm.
- C ngi cho rng trong chn kin o ny, hai
khng dn dn chng, hai chng dn dn on, v c
cn su th t khc nhau.
- C ngi cho rng trong chn kin o ny, hai
khng chng ngay mt ln, hai chng dt ngay mt
ln, v do nng lc lc, c sc kham nng lm nh
vy.
- Hai l tng kin o. y li c hai :
1. Qun phi an lp c ba bc tm :
a. Tr bn trong khin tr ci bnh ly hu tnh gi
lm duyn, n c th dt c phn mm ca loi phn
bit ty min.
b. Tr bn trong khin tr ci bnh ly cc php gi
lm duyn, n c th dt c phn va ca loi phn
bit ty min.
c. Tr khp khin tr tt c bnh ly hu tnh v
cc php gi lm duyn, n c th dt ht thy phn
bit ty min.
Hai trng hp trc gi l php tr", v duyn
ni thn v ni php ring. Trng hp th ba gi l
loi tr v hip chung li m duyn.
y l bt chc chn kin o, trong kin
phn duyn hai khng m t dt c hai chng

thng qua v gin o, gii thot o ; duyn ring v

duyn chung m kin lp gi l tng kin o.
- C ngi cho rng c ba tr trn u l chn kin
o, v tng kin o th duyn T , ch khng qun
phi an lp .
- C ngi cho rng ba tr ny l tng kin o, v
chn kin o th khng duyn tng cnh ring.
2. Duyn an lp (T ) c mi su tm. y
li c hai :
a. Nng theo php qun s th, nng th m lp
ring php v loi gm c mi su tm. Ngha l qun
Kh c bn tm :
- Kh php tr nhn, tc qun tnh chn nh ca
Kh trong ba ci, chnh thc on c 28 th hoc
phn bit ty min khi thy c Kh ca ba ci.
- Kh php tr, tc l kh php tr nhn kia tip tc
khng gin on qun tnh chn nh ca Kh nh
trc, m chng c gii thot khi phin no on
trc .
- Kh loi tr nhn, tc l kh php tr trc
tip tc khng gin on m pht sanh tu v lu, i
vi php nhn v php tr u ring chng bn trong.
Nhng Thnh php tip sau php nhn, php tr ny u
thuc vo loi y.
- Kh loi tr, tc kh loi tr nhn kia khng gin
on m pht sanh tr v lu, thm nh n kh i vi
loi tr nhn trc .
Nh vi Kh c bn tm, nn bit i vi Tp
, Dit , o cng u c bn tm nh vy.
Trong mi su tm ny, tm th thuc php nhn,
php tr th qun chn nh, cn tm th thuc loi
nhn, loi tr th qun chnh tr. y chnh l bt chc
o v gin, o gii thot trong chn kin o c sai
khc v kin phn v t chng phn m kin lp, gi l
tng kin o.
b. Nng php qun cnh T h gii, thng

gii m ring lp mi su tm gm tm php, tm

loi. Ngha l qun T ci hin tin (ci Dc) v
khng hin tin (ci Sc, V sc) mi u c hai tm
l hin qun nhn (v gin o) v hin qun tr (gii
thot o) theo ch thch hp, bt chc kin phn
qun T thng qua v gin o, gii thot o trong
chn kin o, dt c 112 th hoc phn bit ty
min thuc loi kin o on, gi l Tng Kin
o.
Nu nng vo Thnh gio o l qung b m
ni Tng kin o c chn th tm. y chnh l
nng ni (tng kin o duyn an lp ) trc kia
c hai ln mi su tm, lp ring thnh hai th Ch v
Qun, tc php v loi, u c nhn v tr. Php c bn
cch qun, loi c bn cch qun thnh tm tm, trong
c Ch tng ng, chung li lm mt tm thnh
chn tm. Tuy trong kin o c c Ch v Qun,
nhng i vi ngha thy o th qun thun hn ch
khng phi Ch. Cho nn y Qun v Ch khi khai
ra, khi hip li khng ng. Do chn tm ny gi l
Tng kin o.
Cc Tng kin o u nng Chn kin o m
gi ni. N t Th nht php khng gin on khi
sanh v gi ni n l dt ty min hai chng, ch
khng phi thc nh vy. V sau Chn kin o mi
sanh Tng kin o, sau phi an lp mi khi an lp
, m ty min ca hai chng phn bit th Chn
kin o dt ht.
Trc Chn kin o chng Duy thc tnh, sau
Tng kin o chng Duy thc tng. Trong hai kin
o , Chn kin o thng hn, cho nn bi Tng ni
ring rng: Tr u khng s c."
Trc Chn kin o nhip thuc Cn bn tr, sau
Tng kin o, nhip thuc Hu c tr.
Cc Hu c tr c hai phn Tng v Kin chng
?

C thuyt ni : u khng c, v xa la hai th.

C thuyt ni, tr Hu c ny, Kin phn th c,
Tng phn th khng, v lun ni tr ny c phn bit,
v Thnh tr u c th trc tip chiu cnh, nhng v
khng chp trc m ni l la hai th.
C thuyt ni tr ny c c hai phn Kin v
Tng, lun ni tr ny ch t duy tng chn nh
tng t m khng thy c tnh chn nh chn tht.
Li ni tr Hu c ny phn bit c t tng, cng
tng ca cc php, qun cn tnh sai khc ca loi hu
tnh m v h ni php. Li ni tr Hu c ny hin ra
thn hnh quc ni Chnh php cho cc loi hu
tnh. Nu khng bin hin ra sc, ting v.v... tng t,
th u c c cc vic hin thn ni php ? Nu
chuyn ch da ca sc un ri th khng cn hin sc,
vy chuyn ch da ca bn un th l ra khng cn c
th.
Li tr Hu c ny khng bin ra cnh tng t
duyn, la php t th th l ra chng phi l s duyn.
Nu chng phi l s duyn m duyn, nh vy khi
duyn sc cng l duyn ting. Li duyn khng php
nh duyn qu kh v lai, l ng l khng c duyn s
duyn, v th qu kh, v lai khng tht, khng c tc
dng lm duyn. Do tr Hu c, c c hai phn
Kin, Tng.
Hai kin o ny v su Hin qun nhip thuc
nhau nh th no ?
Su hin qun l :
1. T hin qun - Tc l tu c thnh tu bi
T tm s tng ng vi h th bc cao. T tu ny
c th qun st tng chung ca cc php, dn sanh ra
kh nng qun st cc php khi trong Gia hnh o
nh Non, nh v.v..., tc dng ca T tu ny rt
mnh, nn c bit lp lm hin qun ch cc thin cn
Non, nh v.v... khng th phn bit php mt cch
rng ri, li cha chng chn l cho nn chng phi l

hin qun.
2. Tn hin qun - Tc l duyn theo Tam Bo th
v xut th gian, sanh lng tin thanh tnh quyt nh, n
gip cho hin qun khin khng b thi chuyn, nn c
tn l Tn hin qun.
3. Gii hin qun - Tc l v lu gii, tr cu u
ca s ph gii, khin cho qun tr cng thm sng, nn
cng gi l hin qun.
4. Hin qun tr hin qun - Tc l tt c tr cn
bn v tr hu c v phn bit duyn phi an lp .
5. Hin qun bin tr hin qun - Tc l cc tr
duyn an lp ca th gian v xut th gian tip theo
sau hin qun tr hin qun.
6. Cu cnh hin qun - Tc l tr a v cu
cnh, nh tn tr v.v...
- Chn kin o ny thu nhip mt phn hin qun
th t.
- Tng kin o ny thu nhip mt phn hin
qun th t, th nm.
Hin qun th hai, th ba, tuy cng khi vi
tng, kin o, song n khng phi t tnh ca kin
o, cho nn khng thu nhip nhau.
Khi B-tt t c hai kin o ny th c sanh
vo nh Nh Lai, tr a v Cc h kho thng t php
gii, c cc th bnh ng, thng sanh vo trong hi
chng ca ch Pht, i vi hng trm mn php
c t ti, t bit khng bao lu chng i B-, c
th lm li lc cho tt c chng sanh tn i v lai.
XXIII. TU TP V
- Th t, Tu tp v, tng n nh th no ?
Tng ni :
Khng c, chng ngh ngh,
L tr xut th gian.

Do b hai th trng,
Bn chng c chuyn y.
Lun rng : B-tt t sau khi khi ln kin o
trc kia ri, cn mun on tr hai chng cu sanh,
chng c chuyn y, nn li thng thng tu tp tr
khng phn bit. Tr ny xa la s th, nng th cho nn
ni l v c v chng ngh ngh. Hoc xa la h lun,
ni l v c, diu dng kh lng, gi l chng ngh
ngh. l tr xut th gian v phn bit. on tr th
gian gi l xut th gian. Ty min ca hai th l gc
th gian, ch c tr v phn bit ny mi on c, nn
ring gi l xut, hoc gi l xut th, l nng ni hai
ngha lp, l th v lu v chng chn nh. Tr v
phn bit ny c hai ngha y cho nn ring c gi l
xut th. Cn cc tr khc th khng th th. Tr ny tc tr
v phn bit trong mi a, thng tu tp n th x b
c hai th trng. Chng t hai chng gi l th trng,
v tnh n th tc nng n, khng c kh nng kham
nhm, tri vi tr v lu vi t khinh li lm cho hai chng
t hai chng vnh vin dt tr, nn gi l b (x).
Tr v phn bit ny b c hai chng th trng
kia, bn chng c hai chuyn y rng ln.
Y l ch nng, tc thc th tm Y tha khi, lm
ch nng cho php nhim, php tnh gi l Y. Php
nhim l Bin k s chp h vng. Php tnh l Vin
thnh tht tnh chn tht.
Chuyn tc l hai phn nhim tnh nng ni thc
th tm Y tha khi, chuyn b phn nhim, chuyn
c phn tnh. Do thng tu tp tr v phn bit, dt
hai chng th trng trong bn thc, cho nn chuyn b
phn Bin k s chp (nhim) trn thc th tm Y tha
khi, v chuyn c phn Vin thnh tht tnh (tnh)
trong thc th tm Y tha khi. Do chuyn phin no
chng c i Nit-bn, chuyn s tri chng c
V thng gic.

- Thnh lp l Duy thc l ch lm cho chng

hu tnh chng c hai qu chuyn y nh th.
Hoc Y tc l tnh Duy thc chn nh (tht
tnh) n lm ch nng cho sanh t v Nit-bn. Hng
ngu phu in o m chn nh y, cho nn t v thy
li chu kh sanh t, cn bc Thnh gi xa la in o,
ng chn nh y, nn chng c Nit-bn cu cnh an
vui. Do thng tu tp tr v phn bit, dt hai chng
th trng trong bn thc, cho nn chuyn dit phn sanh
t nng ni chn nh v chuyn c phn Nit-bn
nng ni chn nh. y chnh l chn nh xa la tnh
tp nhim. Chn nh tuy tnh thanh tnh m tng tp
nhim, cho nn khi xa la tp nhim gi ni mi thanh
tnh. Tc ci mi thanh tnh , n l chuyn y.
Trong Tu tp v, do on chng m chng c
chuyn y, v tuy mi a v tu tp ny cng chng
c B-, nhng khng phi l iu m trong bi
Tng mun ni. bi Tng ch mun ni r chuyn
tnh Duy thc, (v Duy thc tnh tc Nit-bn) a v
vin mn ca Nh tha, th gi l thn gii thot ; cn
c i Mu-ni (Pht) th gi l php thn.
- Nh th no chng c hai th chuyn y?
- l trong mi a, tu mi Thng hnh
(mi Ba-la-mt). Dt mi trng chng, chng mi
chn nh. Nh chng c hai th chuyn y.
Mi a l :
1. Cc h a - Ban u c c tnh ca bc
Thnh, chng hai khng, lm li ch mnh ngi,
sanh tm vui mng ln.
2. Ly cu a - y gii thanh tnh, xa la cc
cu nh phin no thng lm khi sanh s phm gii
vi t.
3. Pht quan a - Thnh tu thng nh, tng tr
i php, pht sinh v bin nh sng diu tu.
4. Dim tu a - An tr php B- phn ti
thng, t chy ci phin no, la tu tng ln.

5. Cc nan thng a - Hai tr chn v tc, hnh

tng tri nhau, m hp n li lm cho tng ng nhau
l rt kh.
6. Hin tin a - Tr vo tr bit v duyn khi,
dn dt tr Bt-nh ti thng v phn bit, lm cho n
c hin tin.
7. Vin hnh a - n ngn m cui cng ca
cng dng v tng tr, vt khi xa o ca th gian
v Nh tha.
8. Bt ng a - Tr v phn bit, nhm vn tng
tc, tng dng phin no khng lm lay ng c.
9. Thin tu a - Thnh tu bn v ngi gii vi
diu, bin khp mi phng, kho ni diu php.
10. Php vn a - My tr i php, cha nc
cng c, che lp tt c, nh h khng che lp hai
tng th trng, lm sung mn php thn.
Mi a nh vy, tng nhip tt c cng c hu
vi, v vi, ly lm t tnh, lm ch nng ta, gn gi
th thng cho s tu hnh c sanh trng, cho nn gi
l a.
Mi Thng hnh l :
1. Thng hnh b th c ba, l th ca, th khng
s, th php.
2. Thng hnh tr gii c ba, l gii nhip lut
nghi, gii nhip thin php, gii nhiu ch hu tnh.
3. Thng hnh nhn nhc c ba, l nhn ni v s
on hi, nhn ni v s an nhin chu kh, nhn ni v
s qun st php.
4. Thng hnh tinh tn c ba, l tinh tn mc o
gip, tinh tn thu nhip iu thin, tinh tn v vic li
lc hu tnh.
5. Thng hnh tnh l c ba, l tnh l an tr, tnh
l dn pht, tnh l bin s.
6. Thng hnh Bt-nh c ba, l tu khng phn
bit v sanh khng, tu khng phn bit v php khng,
tu khng phn bit v c hai khng.

7. Thng hnh phng tin thin xo c hai, l

phng tin thin xo hi hng, phng tin thin xo
cu .
8. Thng hnh nguyn c hai, l nguyn cu B-,
nguyn li lc chng sanh.
9. Thng hnh lc c hai, l lc t trch, lc tu tp.
10. Thng hnh tr c hai, l tr th dng php lc,
tr thnh thc hu tnh.
- Tnh ca mi Thng hnh ny l, b th ly
khng tham v ba nghip t khng tham khi ln, lm
tnh. Tr gii ly ba nghip trong khi th hc gii Btt lm tnh. Nhn nhc ly khng sn, tinh tn, tu
thm st v hai nghip t n khi ln lm tnh. Tinh tn
ly sing nng v ba nghip t n khi ln lm tnh.
Tnh l ch ly ng tr lm tnh. Nm Thng hnh sau
u ly tr tu trch php lm tnh, tc tr Cn bn
v Hu c. C ngi cho rng Thng hnh nguyn th
tm ly dc, thng gii v tn lm tnh.
y ni t tnh mi Thng hnh nh vy, nu gm
lun c quyn thuc ca n th mi Thng hnh u ly
ht thy cng c cng thc hnh lm tnh.
- Tng ca mi Thng hnh ny l phi da by
iu ti thng nhip th mi c th lp lm Ba-la-mta.
1. An tr ti thng - Tc phi an tr chng tnh
B-tt.
2. Y ch ti thng - Tc phi y ch tm i B-.
3. lc ti thng - Tc phi thng xt ht thy
hu tnh.
4. S nghip ti thng - Tc phi hnh tt c
vic th thng.
5. Xo tin ti thng - Tc phi c tr v tng
nhip th.
6. Hi hng ti thng - Tc phi hi hng v
thng B-.

7. Thanh tnh ti thng - Tc phi khng b hai

chng xen tp.
Nu khng c by iu ny nhip th th vic b
th v.v... khng n b kia. Do mi Thng hnh b
th v.v... i vi Ba-la-mt-a mi mi u nn phn
bit lm bn cu (th chng phi Ba-la-mt, Ba-la-mt
chng phi th v.v...).
y ch ni mi Thng hnh khng thm khng
bt, v trong mi a i tr mi Chng, chng
mi Chn nh khng thm khng bt.
- Li na su Thng hnh u khng thm khng
bt, v i tr vi su th chng t tri ngc vi n.
Nh b th i tr t xan tham v.v... dn dn tu hnh
Pht php, dn dn thnh thc hu tnh. iu ny nh
trong cc b lun ni rng, nn bit.
- Li b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, th chiu cm trong
o th sanh c tt p, c ti ca nhiu, c thn th
v quyn thuc ln. Tinh tn, Thin nh, tr tu lm
cho trong o thng hnh quyt nh (tinh tn) khc
phc phin no, (nh thng) thnh thc hu tnh (tu)
thnh tu Pht php. Cc B-tt o ch gm trong hai
o ny, thiu mt tt khng thnh.
- Li ba Thng hnh u th lm li ch hu tnh.
B th th em ti vt cho h ; tr gii th khng lm no
hi h; nhn th nhn chu h lm no hi mnh, ch v
li ch cho h. Cn ba Thng hnh tinh tn v.v... l
i tr phin no, tuy cha dp tr c chng,
nhng tinh tn tu tp cc thin gia hnh i tr chng ;
Thin th vnh vin khc phc phin no, tu th vnh
vin dit tr ht phin no.
- Li do b th, tr gii, nhn nhc nn khng tr
Nit-bn ; do Tinh tn, Thin nh, Tr tu, nn khng
tr sanh t, lm t lng cho Nit-bn v tr x. Do
m su thng hnh u s khng thm nhiu hn,
khng bt t li. Cn bn Thng hnh sau l gip su
Thng hnh u, lm cho s tu hnh c y , nn

khng thm, khng bt. Nh phng tin thin xo

th gip cho b th, tr gii, nhn nhc; nguyn th
gip cho tinh tn ; lc th gip cho tnh l ; tr th
gip cho bt-nh, khin s tu hnh c y . Nh
trong kinh Gii Thm Mt ni rng, nn bit.
- Th t mi Thng hnh l do cc Thng hnh
trc trc dn pht cc Thng hnh sau sau, do cc
Thng hnh sau sau gi gn s thanh tnh ca cc Thng
hnh trc trc. Li cc Thng hnh trc th th, cc
Thng hnh sau th t, d tu kh tu, th t nh th. Cn
gii thch tn chung, tn ring ca mi Thng hnh,
th nh cc ch khc ni :
- C nm cch mi Thng hnh ny :
a. Nng s nhm gi gn m tu.
b. Nng s dng m tu.
c. Nng vui thch m tu.
d. Nng phng tin m tu.
. Nng t ti m tu.
Nng nm cch tu ny m tu tp mi Ba-la-mt
c vin mn. Tng n nh trong Tp Lun v.v...
ni rng.
- Mi Ba-la-mt-a ny thu nhip nhau l, nu
lun v nhip chung th mi mt trong mi Ba-la-mta u thu nhip tt c Ba-la-mt-a, v chng thun
hp vi nhau.
Nu lun ring v s thu nhip nhau th c ba :
1. Nng vo vic tu hnh trc m dn n hnh
sau, th hnh trc thu nhip hnh sau, v sau phi i
trc ; hnh sau khng thu nhip hnh trc, v trc
khng cn i sau.
2. Nng vo vic tu hnh sau gi gn s thanh
tnh cho hnh trc, th hnh sau thu nhip hnh trc,
v sau gi thanh tnh cho trc ; hnh trc khng thu
nhip hnh sau, v trc khng gi thanh tnh cho sau.
3. Nu nng vo s thun nht hay ln ln tu tp
m lun, th trin chuyn trng qua nhau, nn lp lm

bn cu (thun khng tp, tp khng thun, cng thun

cng tp, khng thun khng tp).
- y tht c mi , nhng c ch ni su ,
nn bit bn sau trong mi , nhip thuc th
su. Hoc su m m ra thnh mi th trong
th su nhip v tr v phn bit ; cn bn sau
u nhip vo tr hu c, v duyn theo th tc.
- Hu qu do mi hnh ny chiu cm l : Mi
hnh hu lu th chiu cm bn qu ng lu, D thc,
Tng thng. S dng, tr qu Ly h. Mi hnh v lu
th chiu cm bn qu ng lu, Tng thng, S dng,
Ly h, tr qu D thc. Nhng c ch ni mi hnh
chiu cm nm qu, hoc tng t nhau, hoc hp
c hai qu hu lu, v lu m ni.
- Mi hnh ny vi ba v hc thu nhip nhau
nh th ny :
- Gii hc c ba :
a. Gii lut nghi - L chnh thc xa la nhng iu
ng xa la.
b. Gii nhip thin php - L chnh thc tu chng
nhng iu ng tu chng.
c. Gii nhiu ch hu tnh - L chnh thc li lc
tt c hu tnh.
Gii hc ny vi Nh tha c chung v khng
chung, rng ln su xa, nh ch khc ni (gii nhip
lut nghi l chung vi Nh tha, cn hai gii kia ch i
tha c).
- nh hc c bn :
a. nh i tha quang minh - L nh lm pht
sanh nh sng tr tu chiu liu l, gio, hnh, qu i
tha (bt-nh c).
b. nh vng gom gp phc c - L nh t ti
gom gp v bin phc c, nh vua c th lc khng
g snh ni (gii thot c).

c. nh hin th - L nh c kh nng gi gn
php hin thin ca th gian v xut th gian (php thn
c).
d. nh kin hnh - L vic lm ca hng hu tnh
ln lao mnh m nh Pht, B-tt (nh Th Lng
Nghim).
Cnh s duyn, s i tr, sc kham chu, cch dn
pht, cc tc nghip ca bn nh ny th nh cc ch
khc ni.
- Tu hc c ba :
a. Tu gia hnh khng phn bit (tm t chn
nh).
b. Tu cn bn khng phn bit (chng chn
nh).
c. Tu hu c khng phn bit (tu khi dng
li
tha).
T tnh, ch nng, nhn duyn, cnh s duyn v
hnh tng ca ba tu ny nh cc ch khc ni.
- Ba tu nh vy, v chng t th trong hai a v t
lng v gia hnh u c , cn v hin hnh th ch
c trong gia hnh v. Trong thng t v, v hin hnh
th c hai tu l cn bn v hu c, v chng t th c
c ba tu. Cn trong kin o v th khng c hin
hnh gia hnh tu. Trong tu tp v gm c mi a
(thp a), a th by tr v trc hoc chng hoc
hin u c ba tu ; a th tm tr i, hin hnh th
c hai tu l cn bn v hu c, v a th tm tr i l
v cng dng o, tri vi hin hnh gia hnh tu. S
tn ti ca n u dng tr hu c, nhm vn hin khi
trong khi qun v lu (ch khng phi dng tr gia
hnh). Trong cu cnh v, u c hai tu cn bn v hu
c va hin hnh va chng t, cn hin hnh v
chng t ca tu gia hnh th y u b ht.
- Nu t tnh g nhip theo t tnh y, th gii ch

nhip gii ; nh ch nhip tnh l ; cn tu th nhip

nm sau. Nu kim nhip c cc tr bn ng
hnh th su u nhip ln nhau.
Nu nhip theo tc dng th gii nhip ba trc,
v b th l t lng ca gii, tr gii l t th ca gii
v nhn nhc l quyn thuc ca gii ; nh nhip tnh
l ; tu nhip nm sau ; tinh tn nhip c ba l gii,
nh, tu, v n sch tn khp ba th .
- Nu theo tng r rng m nhip th gii thu
nhip bn trc l th, gii, nhn, thm tinh tn l
sch tn th h, thnh bn ; nh nhip tnh l ; tu
nhip nm sau.
- a v ca mi thng hnh ny l, c nm a v
t t lng n cu cnh u c , tuy nhin ch trong
tu tp v tng n r rt hn. Nhng cc B-tt n ng
trong hai a u, v chng t mi hnh th thng c hu
lu, v lu, v hin hnh ca mi hnh th ch l hu lu.
Nhng B-tt tim ng th hoc chng hoc hin u
thng c hu lu, v lu, v c c s qun st v sanh
khng v lu. trong thng t v chng t mi hnh
thng c hu lu, v lu, cn hin hnh ca mi hnh th
ch l v lu.
- Trong tu tp v gm c mi a, a th by tr
v trc, th chng t v hin hnh ca mi hnh u
thng c hu lu, v lu, a th tm tr i, v chng t
mi hnh th thng c hu lu, v lu, cn hin hnh
th ch l v lu. Trong cu cnh v, hoc chng hoc
hin ca mi hnh u ch l v lu.
- Mi Thng hnh ny trong lc tu nhn gm c
ba tn :
a. Vin Ba-la-mt-a - Tc v s kip u tin, lc
ny th lc ca s b th v.v... cn yu, b phin no ,
cha th li n, do phin no c thnh lnh hin
hnh.
b. Cn Ba-la-mt-a - Tc v s kip th hai, lc
ny th lc ca s b th v.v... dn dn tng, khng cn

b phin no , m ngc li n. Do phin no

khi c c n mi hin hnh.
c. i Ba-la-mt-a - Tc v s kip th ba, lc
ny th lc ca b th v.v... cng tng, dp hon ton tt
c phin no hin hnh. Do phin no vnh vin
khng th hin hnh ; nhng cn hin hnh v chng t
ca s tri chng vi t v chng t ca phin no
chng cha hon ton dt b.
Ngha loi ca mi Thng hnh sai bit v bin,
ch s dong di, nn lc nu cng yu.
- Mi Thng hnh, tuy trong mi a B-tt u
tht tu, nhng ty theo tng ca mi th tng hn m
mi a tu mi hnh.
Tuy php tu ca mi a B-tt c v lng mn,
nhng u nhip vo trong mi hnh o b ngn ny.
- Mi Trng chng l :
1. Chng ca tnh D sanh (phm phu) - l
da vo phn chng t ca hai chng phn bit khi
m lp lm D sanh tnh. Nh tha lc c tr kin o
hin tin, ch dt c mt th phn bit phin no, gi
l c Thnh tnh. B-tt lc c tr kin o hin tin,
th dt c hai chng phn bit, gi l c Thnh tnh.
V lc hai chn kin o (ca Nh tha v B-tt) hin
tin th chng t ca hai chng phn bit kia, t khng
thnh tu. Ging nh sng v ti quyt nh khng
cng sanh, hoc nh hai u cn, cao thp cng trong
mt lc. Nhng php tri nhau, l thng nh vy. Th
nn hai tnh hoc v tr khng c ci li cng khi
mt lc.
Hi : - Trong thi gian ca v gin o, khng
cn chng t cc hoc, th cn g khi ln gii thot o
?
p : - V v gin o l trong thi k tr hu c
dt hoc, gii thot o l trong thi k tr cn bn
chng dit. Tm trong hai thi k khc nhau, nn phi
c gii thot o. Li v x b tnh th trng ca

phm hoc kia. V trong lc v gin o tuy khng c

chng t cc hoc, nhng cha b c tnh khng
kham nhm (th trng) ca n. V b tnh khng
kham nhm , nn phi khi gii thot o. Li na, v
chng c trch dit v vi ca phm hoc y.
Tuy kin o v pht khi, cng dt cc nghip
qu trong ng c, nhng nay ni kin o cn khi
cc hoc, v cc hoc l cn bn ca nghip qu. Do
s a ni dt ci tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci ngu
l :
- Mt l ci ngu m chp ng php, tc l ci
chng D sanh tnh ni y.
- Hai l ci ngu v cc tp nhim trong ng c.
Cc nghip qu do ngu m c, cng phm loi vi ngu,
nn gi chung l ngu.
chn a sau chun theo y m gii thch (nh
lm phm ba nghip cng gi l ngu).
Hoc ni S a, dt hai th ngu (v minh) l ch
cho hai ngu cng khi vi li s (nm c kin) v n
s (tham, sn v.v...).
Ni ch th trng kia l ch cho chng t ca hai
ngu, hoc l tnh khng kham nhm do hai ngu khi
ln. Nh ni vo Nh Thin l dt kh cn (th
trng), tuy kh cn khng phi hin hnh hay chng t,
nhng cng gi l th trng (ch th trng ny c ngha
l tnh khng kham nhm).
T y v sau trong cc a, nu gp ch th trng,
th nn gii thch theo y.
Tuy trong S a, cc hoc do kin o dt, tht
thng c hai chng phin no v s tri, m nay ni
S a b chng d sanh tnh l ch ni phn s tri
chng trong d sanh tnh . V Kinh ni : Mi a
dt mi th v minh ch khng phi phin no
nhim . V minh chnh l ci ngu trong mi phm
chng, v Nh tha cng dt c phin no chng,

v phin no l th chung vi Nh tha, n khng phi

y mun ni.
Li mi v minh khng nhim l ch da vo
th hoc do tu s on ti mi a m ni. Tuy ti
S a cng dp mt phn phin no cu sanh, cho nn
y khng ni. ng l th tht s trong tu o v ca
S a (trong S a c ba tm l nhp tm, tr tm,
xut tm. Nhp tm cng gi s tm ; kin o v, tr
tm, xut tm cng gi hu tm tu o v) cng dt mt
phn s tri chng cu sanh, nhng nay ct ni iu
phi dt u tin (l dt chng d sanh tnh).
S dt chng ca chn a sau, chun theo y m
bit.
Khi tr trong mn a (S a hu tm) ngm
lu ri, l phi tin ti, dt ht nhng chng cn phi
dt. Nu khng nh vy, th ba thi, trong mi a lc
u vi v gin o, lc gia vi gii thot o, lc
cui vi thng tn o, khng c sai khc.
Bi vy, ni B-tt khi c hin qun ri, li
cng v tu o trong mi a ch tu o vnh vin
dt ht s tri chng, cn li chng t phin no
chng cu sanh, gip cho nguyn B- th sanh
li ba ci, chng phi nh Nh tha mong mau t ti
vin tch, cho nn B-tt tu o v khng on chng
t phin no i n khi sp thnh Pht mi chng
on mt ln.
2. Chng ca t hnh - Tc l mt phn cu sanh
trong s tri chng, v nhng iu lm phm ni ba
nghip do phn cu sanh s tri chng khi ln, n
lm chng ngi i vi gii rt thanh tnh (cc tnh
Thi-la) ca Nh a. Khi vo Nh a lin vnh vin dt
sch chng ny. Do ni a th hai l dt hai ci
ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu lm phm gii vi t, tc mt phn
cu sanh trong s tri chng.

- Hai l ci ngu v cc nghip, cc th tc l ba

nghip lm phm do chng ny khi ln, hoc l ngu
v ch khi nghip m khng hiu l nghip.
3. Chng ca s m n - Tc l mt phn cu
sanh trong s tri chng, khin nhng gio php
c nghe, suy ngh, tu tr b qun mt. N lm chng
ngi i vi thng nh tng tr ca a th ba, v ba tu
th thng do nh pht sanh. Khi vo a th ba lin
vnh vin dt sch chng ny. Do ni a th ba
dt hai ci ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci ngu l
:
- Mt l ci ngu tham dc, tc l ci ngu (mt phn
cu sanh trong s tri chng) n lm chng ngi thng
nh v tu tu ni trong y ; v n t xa xa phn
nhiu i chung vi tham dc, cho nn gi l dc tham
ngu. Nay c thng nh v tu s thnh tu, mt phn
cu sanh s tri chng vnh vin b dt th dc tham
cng theo b dp. V t v thy li, dc tham nng
ni mt phn cu sanh trong s tri chng khi ln.
- Hai l ci ngu v -la-ni vn tr vin mn, tc l
ci ngu lm chng ngi ci tu c kh nng tng tr
cc php c nghe, ngh.
4. Chng ca phin no vi t hin hnh - Tc l
mt phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, v thn kin
cng khi vi thc th su ; v n l ti h phm, tc
khng tc m duyn, l t xa xa c theo hin hnh,
cho nn ni l vi t. N l chng ngi php B-
phn ca a th t. Khi vo a th t, chng ny bn
vnh vin dt sch. V mt phn cu sanh s tri chng
ny t xa xa cng vi phin no chp ng kin nhm
vn sanh (cu sanh) trong thc th su ng mt th
khi ln, cho nn gi n l phin no. Nay trong a th
t, chng c php B- phn v lu, s tri
chng kia b dt vnh vin, th ng kin ny cng vnh
vin khng hin hnh.
S, Nh, Tam a tht hnh th, gii, tu tu, s

tng ng vi th gian, cn a th t ny tu c php

B- phn, mi gi l xut th, nn vnh vin hi c
hai th thn kin (thn kin, bin kin) ny.
Hi : Sao bit thn kin ny ch tng ng vi
thc th su ?
p : Ng kin tng ng vi thc th by cng
vi o v lu, tnh tri nghch nhau, nn khi ln a
th tm tr i, th ng ny mi vnh vin khng hin
hnh ; cn a th by tr lui n cn hin khi, v ng
kin ny cng vi cc phin no ng si, ng i, ng mn
lm ch nng da duy tr. Ng kin ni thc th su
th, ni thc th by t nn s un dp c trc sau, v
vy a th t ny ch ni dt th ng kin tng ng
vi thc th su.
Ni ch thn kin v.v... cng gm lun c nh
i (i trc Thin nh), php i (i trc php nghe,
ngh, tu) thuc s tri chng v th. nh i, php i
a th ba cn tng, vo a th t mi vnh vin dt,
v php B- phn c bit tri vi n. Do , ni
a th t dt hai ci ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai
ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu i trc ng ch (nh thng x,
mi bin x, bn v sc, v tng) tc l nh i cng
i vi cu sanh s tri chng ni trong y.
- Hai l ci ngu php i, tc l php i cng i vi
cu sanh s tri chng ni trong y.
Khi hai ci ngu nhip thuc s tri chng dt
th hai th i thuc phin no chng cng vnh vin
khng hin hnh.
5. Chng ca h tha Bt-nit-bn - l mt

phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, xui khin chn sanh

t, a Nit-bn ng vi Nh tha bc di, chn kh
a tch dit, n lm chng ngi o khng sai bit ca
a th nm. Khi vo a th nm, chng ny bn b
dt vnh vin. Do ni a th nm dt hai ci ngu
v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu ch thun khi chn b sanh t,
tc trong y ni chn sanh t.
- Hai l ci ngu ch thun khi hng n Nitbn, tc trong y ni a Nit-bn.
6. Chng ca th tng hin hnh - Tc l mt
phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, chp c th tng
nhim tnh hin hnh, n lm chng ngi i vi o
khng nhim tnh ca a th su. Khi vo a th su
th chng ny lin b dt vnh vin. Do , ni a th
su dt hai ci ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci
ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu hin qun st cc hnh lu
chuyn, tc trong y ni chp c tng nhim (ca lu
chuyn mn Kh, Tp ) v cc hnh lu chuyn thuc
v phn nhim.
- Hai l ci ngu v tng qun hin hnh nhiu, tc
trong y ni chp c tng tnh, v th ly tng tnh
(ca hon dit mn Dit, o ) nn tng qun th
hin hnh nhiu, m cha c th tr vo v tng qun
lu di.
7. Chng ca t tng hin hnh - Tc l mt
phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, chp c tng vi t
sanh dit hin hnh, n lm chng ngi o vi diu v
tng ca a th by. Khi vo a th by, chng ny
lin b dit vnh vin. Do ni a th by dt hai
ci ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu v t tng hin hnh, tc trong
y ni chp c tng sanh, v cn chp th tng sanh
vi t trong lu chuyn mn.

- Hai l ci ngu v s ch thun tc cu v tng,

tc trong y ni chp tng dit, v cn chp th
tng dit vi t trong mn hon dit, ch thun tc cn
cu v tng, nn cha th trong khng v tng
thin xo m khi ln thng hnh hu vi.
8. Chng ca s tc gia hnh v tng - Tc l
mt phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, n khin cho v
tng qun khng th nhm vn khi ln. Nm a
trc qun hu tng nhiu, qun v tng t, a th
su qun hu tng t, qun v tng nhiu. Trong a
th by, thun qun v tng, tuy hng tng tc,
nhng c gia hnh qun. Do trong khi qun v tng c
tc gia hnh, nn cha th nhm vn hin ra thn
tng v quc . Gia hnh nh th l chng ngi o
v cng dng ca a th tm, nu khi c vo a th
tm th chng ny lin b dit vnh vin. Do dt vnh
vin m c hai iu t ti (hin tng v hin ).
Do ni trong a th tm dt hai ci ngu v tnh th
trng ca n. Hai ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu trong v tng m tc cng
dng.
- Hai l ci ngu trong t ti, tng khng c t
ti, khin trong tng khng c t ti ; tng ny
cng nhip mt phn tng quc . a th tm tr
ln, thun o v lu (Nh khng qun) mi c nhm
vn t ti khi. Phin no ca ba ci by gi vnh vin
khng hin hnh, ch c s tri chng vi t trong thc
th by l cn c hin khi, v tr qu sanh khng,
khng tri vi s tri chng vi t .
9. Chng khng mun tht hnh vic li tha Tc l mt phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, n xui
khin i vi vic li lc hu tnh khng mun sing
lm, ch a tu hnh t li. N lm chng ngi i vi
bn v ngi gii ca a th chn. Khi vo a th chn
lin dt hai ci ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci
ngu l :

- Mt l ci ngu i vi v lng php c ni,

v lng danh, cu, ch, v tu bin ca hu c tr la-ni t ti. i vi v lng php c ni -la-ni t
ti tc l hiu bit v ngha khng ngn ngi, tc i
vi ngha l s thuyn tm gi t ti, trong mt ngha
m hin by tt c ngha. i vi v lng danh, cu,
ch -la-ni t ti, ngha l hiu bit v php khng
ngn ngi, tc i vi ngn t nng thuyn, tm gi t
ti trong mt danh, cu, ch, hin by tt c danh, cu,
ch. i vi tu bin ca hu c tr -la-ni t ti,
ngha l hiu bit v ngn t khng ngn ngi, tc i
vi ngn t, m thanh trin chuyn hun thch, tm gi
t ti, trong mt m thanh m hin by tt c m thanh.
- Hai l ci ngu v kh nng bin ti t ti. Bin ti
t ti l hiu bit v bin ti khng ngn ngi, tc kho
thu r c nghi, kho v ni php. Ci ngu ny lm
chng ngi bn th t ti , v u nhip vo trong
ci chng th chn ny.
10. Chng i vi cc php cha c t ti.
l mt phn cu sanh trong s tri chng, lm cho i
vi cc php khng c t ti, n chng ngi my tr
i php v cng c c hm tng, s nghip c
khi ln t trong tr ca a th mi. Khi vo a
th mi th ci chng ny b dt vnh vin. Do ,
ni a th mi dt hai ci ngu v tnh th trng ca
n. Hai ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu v i thn thng, tc trong y
ni n lm chng ngi khi ln s nghip.
- Hai l ci ngu v s ng nhp vi t b mt, tc
trong y ni n lm chng ngi my tr i php v
cng c nh mi lc, bn v y hm tng trong i
tr .
a th mi ny tuy c t ti i vi php,
nhng v cn c chng tha, nn cha c gi l ti
cng cc, ngha l cn c s tri chng cu sanh vi t
v chng t phin no chng nhm vn khi. n khi

Kim cang d nh hin ti tin, chng chng b dt mt

ln m vo Nh Lai a. Do ni Pht a dt hai ci
ngu v tnh th trng ca n. Hai ci ngu l :
- Mt l ci ngu i vi tt c cnh s tri cn s
chp trc rt vi t, tc trong y ni chng s tri vi
t.
- Hai l ci ngu ca s chng ngi cc vi t, tc
trong y ni chng t ca tt c phin no chng
nhm vn cu sanh. Cho nn trong Tp Lun ni : Khi
c B-, chng dt phin no v s tri chng,
thnh A-la-hn v thnh Nh Lai, chng i Nit-bn
v i B- vy.
(Ht cun chn theo bn Hn)
- Mi mt chng ny (mi chng cng thm
chng cn tha Pht a thnh mi mt) u thu
nhip vo hai chng l phin no v s tri.
- Trong phin no chng, phn chng t thuc
kin o on, th khi vo kin o v ca S a cc
h, bt u on tr ; cn phn hin hnh phin no
chng thuc kin o on, th khc dp trc khi
vo S a. Phn chng t phin no chng thuc tu
o on, th khi Kim cang d nh hin ti tin, tt c
u kp on mt ln. Cn phn hin hnh ca phin
no chng thuc tu o on th tm khc dp
trc khi vo S a ; t S a tr ln, kp dp ht loi
hin hnh ny mt ln, khin vnh vin khng hin
hnh, nh A-la-hn. Ch tr do sc c m trong by
a u tuy c tm thi khi ln nhng khng phi l
li. Nu t a th tm tr ln, th loi phin no thuc
tu o on, hon ton khng cn hin hnh. ( A-nahm khi Kim cang d nh, dt sch chng t, phin
no m chng A-la-hn).
- Trong s tri chng, phn chng t thuc kin
o on, th khi vo kin o v ca S a cc h, bt

u on tr ; cn phn hin hnh ca s tri chng

thuc kin o on th khc phc trc khi vo S a.
Phn chng t s tri chng thuc tu o on th trong
mi a ln lt on dt, thng n khi Kim cang d
nh hin ti tin th mi vnh vin dt sch. Cn phn
hin hnh s tri chng thuc tu o on th trc s
a ln ln khc phc, cho n a th mi mi
vnh vin dt sch. Nu t a th tm tr ln, th cu
sanh s tri chng tng ng vi thc th su khng
cn hin hnh, v tm qun v lu v tr qu sanh
khng thng tip tc, tri vi n. Nhng cu sanh s
tri chng tng ng thc th by vn cn hin hnh,
phi c tr qu qun php khng hin khi mi dp
c n. Nm chuyn thc trc d cha c chuyn
y, nhng do sc qun v lu (qun hai khng) dp,
m s tri chng ni nm thc ny khng th khi
c ( ng gic a khi Kim cang d nh dt ht
chng t S tri m chng Diu gic).
Tuy trong mi a v tu o u khng ct dt
chng t phin no chng, (ch ct dt s tri chng),
nhng m tnh th trng (khng kham nhm) ca n
cng dn dn dt. Do nn ni hai chng th
trng, mi mi c ba a v on tr.
Tuy trong cc a v u dt th trng, nhng c
a v r rt cho nn nhn mnh ni ( ba a on tr l
Thng t v, Tu tp v, Cu cnh v).
Dt chng t hai chng Tim, n (ln ln,
mt ln) nh th no ?
- Chng t phin no chng tng ng vi thc
th by, khi hng Tam tha sp c qu v v hc, ch
mt st na th on ht chng ny trong ba ci. Cn
chng t s tri chng, khi sp thnh Pht, trong mt
st na th dt ht tt c. V n lng l nhm vn khi ln
bn trong, khng c th t.
- Chng t ca phin no chng tng ng vi
thc th su, nu thuc loi kin o on, th trong

chn kin o ca kin o v Tam tha, dt ht tt c

mt ln. Nu thuc loi tu o on th ty ch thch
hp, hoc c mt loi Nh tha i vi cu sanh phin
no trong ba ci, chn a mi mi ln lt on tng
chn phm ring. Li c mt loi Nh tha i vi cu
sanh phin no trong ba ci, chn a, hp li lm mt
nhm chn phm on ring. Cn B-tt th n khi
khi Kim cang d nh, trong mt st na, mi on ht
phin no trong ba ci mt ln.
- Chng t s tri chng thuc kin o on,
(tng ng vi thc th su), th khi vo s tm ca S
a l on ht mt ln. Nu l thuc loi tu o on,
th sau trong tu o v ca mi a, ln lt dt, cho
n khi chnh thc khi ln Kim cang d nh, trong
mt st na mi on ht c. V s tri chng (tng
ng vi thc th su) duyn c cnh th t bn trong
thn v ngoi thn m sanh khi, c nhiu phm loi sai
khc (nn khng th dt mt ln).
Hng Nh tha cn n, cho nn khi ln lt on
chng t phi khi ring v gin o, gii thot o ;
cn nu l gia hnh o v thng tn o th hoc khi
chung, hoc khi ring.
Hng B-tt v li cn, khi a v dt ln ln s
tri chng khng cn phi khi ring v gin o, gii
thot o, m ngay trong tng st na, c th on hoc
v chng qu, nn bn v l gia hnh, v gin, gii
thot, thng tn, trc sau trng nhau, u dng c .
Mi Chn nh l :
1. Bin hnh chn nh - Tc l chn nh do hai
khng hin l, khng mt php no m khng c n.
2. Ti thng chn nh - Tc l chn nh v
bin c, i tt c php l ti thng hn c.
3. Thng lu chn nh - Tc l t chn nh ny
tun dng gio php, ti thng hn c.
4. Khng nhip th chn nh - Tc l chn nh

khng chi h thuc, chng phi lm ch nng cho ng

chp v.v...
5. Loi v bit chn nh - Tc l chn nh loi
khng sai khc, khng nh loi mt, tai v.v... sai khc
nhau.
6. Khng nhim tnh chn nh - Tc l chn nh
tnh vn khng nhim, nn khng th ni v sau n
mi thanh tnh.
7. Php khng sai bit chn nh - Tc l chn
nh, tuy c nhiu th gio php an lp, m vn khng
sai khc.
8. Khng tng gim chn nh - Tc l chn nh
la chp tng chp gim, v khng theo tnh nhim m
c tng gim, n cng c gi l chn nh lm ch
nng cho thn tng quc t ti. Ngha l nu
chng c chn nh ny ri th t ti hin thn tng,
quc .
9. Tr t ti s y chn nh - Tc l nu chng
c chn nh ny ri th c t ti i vi s hiu
bit v ngi.
10. Nghip t ti s y chn nh - L nu chng
c chn nh ny ri, th khp c t ti i vi tt
c thn thng, tc nghip, tng tr, nh mn.
Tuy tnh chn nh vn tht khng sai khc, nhng
theo c tnh th thng c sai khc m gi lp lm
mi th.
Tuy trong S a t c ht thy, nhng mi
Thng hnh chng t chn nh cn cha vin mn.
vin mn mi Thng hnh , cho nn nng cc
thng c tip theo sau chn nh bin hnh m lp ra
mi Chn nh.
- Nh vy, B-tt trong mi a, dng mnh tu
hnh mi Thng hnh, dt mi Trng chng, chng
mi Chn nh, lin chng c hai th chuyn y.
- a v chuyn y sai khc lc c su th :
1. Tn lc ch nng chuyn - Tc l t lng v

gia hnh v, do tu tp thng gii, v c tm tm qu,

lm suy tn th lc chng t tp nhim trong bn thc,
v lm tng ch cng nng chng t thanh tnh trong
bn thc ; tuy cha dt ht chng t hai chng, thc
chng chuyn y, song ln lt khc phc hin hnh
hai chng, cng gi l chuyn.
2. Thng t chuyn - Tc l a v thng t, do sc
kin o, thng t chn nh, dt phn th trng ca hai
chng phn bit, chng c mt phn chn nh chuyn
y.
3. Tu tp chuyn - Tc l a v tu tp, do thng
tu tp mi Thng hnh ca mi a, ln ln on
phn th trng ca hai chng cu sanh, th lp chng
c chuyn y chn tht. Nhng trong lun Nhip i
tha li ni : Tu tp chuyn ny ti su a u, l
v y do qun hu tng, qun v tng, m thng
t c chn v tc , xen ln hin tin, khin phi chn
hin, chn khng hin, hoc chn hin, phi chn khng
hin. Cn ni tu tp chuyn l bn a sau trong mi
a, v y tr thun qun v tng lun lun hin
tin, dng mnh tu tp, dt cc th trng cn tha, phn
nhiu lm cho phi chn khng hin hin c.
4. Qu vin mn chuyn - Tc l a v cu cnh
do ba i A-tng-k kip, tu tp v bin thng hnh kh
hnh, cho n khi Kim cang d nh hin ti tin, th
vnh vin dt sch tt c th trng t xa nay, kp
chng Pht qu, vin mn chuyn y, tt i v lai li lc
v tn.
5. H lit chuyn - Tc l hng Nh tha v l
chuyn cu t li, chn kh a tch dit, nn ch thng
t c chn nh do sanh khng hin l, ch dt c
chng t phin no chng, v ch chng c chn
trch dit v vi, khng c sc kham nng, cho nn gi
l h lit chuyn.
6. Qung i chuyn - Tc l hng i tha, v l
li tha m hng ti i B-, khng chn sanh t,

khng thch Nit-bn, thng t c chn nh do hai

khng hin l, dt c chng t hai chng s tri v
phin no, v kp chng V thng B- Nit-bn. C
sc kham nng c bit nh vy cho nn gi l qung
i chuyn.
Trong bi Tng ni "c chuyn y", chnh l ni
v qung i chuyn y ny, do b ht phn th trng
ca hai chng m chng c.
- Ngha ca chuyn y sai khc c bn th l
nng chuyn o, s chuyn y, s chuyn x, s
chuyn c.
1. Nng chuyn o, y li c hai :
a. o nng phc, l khc phc th lc ty min
ca hai chng, khin khng cho dn danh ra hin hnh
ca hai chng. o ny thng c hai o hu lu v v
lu, cng thng ba tr gia hnh, cn bn, hu c. Ty
ch thch hp m ln ln hoc mt ln khc phc hin
hnh hai chng
b. o nng on, l c th vnh vin dt ty min
ca hai chng. o ny nht nh khng phi l o
hu lu v tr gia hnh, c kh nng lm c, v o
hu lu tng tp qun, v l do tng chp (tng
phin no trong thc th by) dn pht, cha dt tng
c, nn dng tr gia hnh m hng cu chng chn
nh, dn sanh cn bn tr, th cha th thnh c.
- C ngi cho rng, tr cn bn v phn bit, thn
chng chn l do hai khng hin l, v khng c tng
cnh, nn c th dt ty min ; cn tr hu c th
khng c nh vy (v cn bin tng qun khng,
nn khng phi l o dt hoc).
- C ngi cho rng tr hu c v phn bit, tuy
khng thn chng chn l hai khng, khng sc dt
c ty min m l, nhng i vi tng an lp v phi
an lp, chng t r rng hin tin khng in o,
cng c th dt vnh vin ty min m s. Nn lun
Du-gi ni : Trong a v tu o (tu tp v) c o th

xut th on hoc ; ch khng c ch thun dng o

th gian m c th hi vnh vin ty min, v o th
gian l tng tp quen, li do tng chp (tng
phin no trong thc by) dn pht. Do l m cc ty
min m l thuc kin o on hay tu o on ch c
tr cn bn v phn bit thn chng chn l mi chnh
thc on c. Ngoi ra, cc ty min m s thuc tu
o on th c tr cn bn v tr hu c u chnh thc
on c.
2. S chuyn y (ch nng uc chuyn), y li c
hai :
a. Ch nng duy tr chng t, l thc cn bn, n
duy tr chng t cc php nhim tnh v lm ch nng
chung cho cc php nhim tnh ; do Thnh o chuyn
n khin b nhim c tnh. Cc php y tha khi khc
tuy cng lm ch nng, nhng khng th duy tr
chng t, cho nn y khng ni.
b. Ch nng ca m ng, tc l chn nh, n lm
cn bn cho m ng, cc php nhim tnh nng m
c sanh khi ; do Thnh o chuyn n, khin b
nhim c tnh. Cc php khc cng lm ch nng
cho m ng, nhng khng phi cn bn, cho nn y
khng ni.
3. S chuyn x (b chuyn b), y li c hai :
a. B dt b l chng t hai chng ; khi chn
v gin o hin ti tin, th v chng b i tr v o
i tr tri nhau, nn chng t hai chng kia t khc
phi b on dit, vnh vin khng th thnh tu li, ni
l b. Chng t kia on ri khng cn hin
hnh, vng chp ng php v tng php b chp cng
khng cn i vi vng tnh bin k, nn cng ni l
b. Do gi l b Bin k s chp.
b. B vt b, tc l cc chng t thin hu lu v
chng t v lu yu km ; khi Kim cang d nh hin
ti tin, dn pht ra bn thc rt vin minh thun tnh,
n khng cn lm ch nng cho chng t thin hu

lu v chng t v lu yu km, cho nn hai th chng

t ny u b vt b. Chng t kia b vt b ri th
hin hnh hu lu php v php v lu yu km hon
ton khng sanh khi c. vnh vin khng sanh,
nn cng ni l b. Do gi l b php yu km
sanh t bin dch.
- C ngi cho rng cc chng t php hu lu v
chng t php v lu yu km ; khi Kim cang d nh
hin ti tin, n u b vt b, cng lc b chng t vi
t ca hai chng cu sanh.
- C ngi cho rng by gi ch b chng t hai
chng, nhng cha b chng t hin hu lu v chng
t v lu yu km, v n khng tri vi v gin o.
Nu ni by gi vt b th B-tt ng l khng cn
sanh t bin dch. Li a v ny, chng t hu lu
nu vt b th l ng cng khng c thc D thc
duy tr chng t hun tp. Th th trong lc tr v gin
o, khng nn cn gi l B-tt Kim cang hu tm, m
nn gi l Pht. V nu gi Pht th gii thot o
sau tr thnh v dng. Cn phi bit nh vy. Ngoi
ra cc chng t hu lu cn li phi i n gii thot
o khi ln mi vt b ht, v tnh thc th tm khng
phi l ch nng ca hai chng.
4. S chuyn c (c do chuyn i), y li c
hai l: S hin c, s sanh c.
A. S HIN C (c do hin l) l i Nit-bn.
Nit- bn tuy xa nay t tnh thanh tnh, nhng do
khch trn chng ngi che lp lm cho khng hin l.
Khi chn Thnh o pht sanh, dt ht khch chng
khin cho tng thanh tnh hin l gi l c Nitbn. y l nng theo vic chn nh la khi chng
m thit t tn gi, cn th ca Nit-bn chnh l php
gii thanh tnh.
Ngha ca Nit-bn sai bit lc c bn th :
- Nit-bn bn lai t tnh thanh tnh - Tc l chn
nh, ch da ca ht thy php (un, x, gii), tuy c

s nhim t bn ngoi m tnh n vn thanh tnh, y

v s lng cng c vi diu, khng sanh khng
dit, lng l nh h khng. Ht thy hu tnh, bnh ng
cng c. N cng vi ht thy php chng mt, chng
khc, xa la mi tng, mi phn bit, bt ng suy
ngh, dt li danh ngn, ch c bc chn Thnh mi t
chng ng bn trong. V tnh vn tnh lng cho nn gi
l Nit-bn.
- Nit-bn hu d y - Tc chn nh ra khi
chng phin no, tuy cn c thn tr lm ch nng
cho kh vi t, nhng phin no chng tch lng
vnh vin, cho nn gi l Nit-bn.
- Nit-bn V d y - Tc chn nh ra khi kh
sanh t, phin no sch ht, thn d tha cng dit, bt
ht cc kh, cho nn gi l Nit-bn.
- Nit-bn khng tr x - Tc chn nh ra khi
lun c s tri chng, c i bi, v bt-nh thng ph
gip, do khng tr sanh t khng tr Nit-bn, li
lc hu tnh, tt cng i v lai. Tuy ng dng m
thng tch lng, cho nn gi l Nit-bn.
Tt c hu tnh u c Nit-bn tnh tnh, Nh tha
v hc c ba th u, ch c Th Tn mi c th c
c bn.
Hi : Ti sao ng Thin Th (kho i qua) m cn
c kh vi t cha ht, ni l c Hu d y ?
p : Tuy khng tht c thn cho kh nng m
hin ra nh c ; hoc c thn cho kh nng ht, m
ni l V d y ; hoc c thn cho chng phi kh
nng (v lu ng un) ang cn m ni l Pht c
Hu d y th nn c Th Tn l c th ni c c
bn th Nit-bn.
Hi : Nu hng Thanh-vn c V d y th ti sao
c ch ni Thanh-vn khng c ? Li c ch ni hng
Nh tha hon ton khng c Nit-bn, vy h Hu d
y Nh tha cng khng c sao ?

p : Nhng v trong lc qun tr v bo thn hng

Thanh-vn ang tn ti, do c s tri chng, nn thn
cho kh nng cha ht, tnh vin tch cn m n, nn
ni l khng Nit-bn, ch khng phi Thanh-vn tht
khng c hu d y Nit-bn, do dt sch phin no
chng hin l chn l. Li nhn lc by gi cha
chng V d y vin tch, nn cng ni hng Thanh-vn
khng c V d y ch khng phi ni Thanh-vn lc
sau, khi dt ht bo thn v qun tr, v ch cho kh
nng khng cn m vn khng c V d y Nit-bn.
- Hoc li ni Nh tha khng c Nit-bn, l
ni khng c Nit-bn V tr x, ch khng phi
khng c ba th Nit-bn u.
Li ni Nh tha khng c V d y, l ch cho Nh
tha bt nh tnh, h va chng c Hu d Nit-bn,
quyt nh hi tm cu V thng gic, do sc nh
v nguyn m thn li lu di th gian, ch khng
nh mt loi Nh tha nh tnh, cui cng nhp V d
y. Ngha l c mt loi Nh tha nh tnh, qu a vin
tch, c sanh khng qun, thn chng chn nh, dt
sch vnh vin phin no chng chiu cm th sanh,
trc ht hin l Hu d Nit-bn da ni chn l. V
phin no chiu cm th sanh ni h sch ht, nn
D thc qu i sau khng do u sanh tr li, nn ni
thn cho kh nng hin ti t nhin chm dt ; cc
php hu vi khng c ch nng, cng phi kp b
x b mt ln vi thn cho kh nng kia, m hin l
V d Nit-bn da ni chn l by gi Nh tha tuy
khng c bo thn v tr qun, nhng do trc thn
tr ca hng Nh tha chng c l ny, nn c th
ni Nh tha c V d y Nit-bn.
- Trong a v V d y Nit-bn , ch c chn
nh thanh tnh, la tng vng lng, tch dit an lc, cn
c m ni Nh tha vi Pht khng khc, nhng Nh
tha khng c B- v s nghip li lc qun sanh
nh Pht, nn ni Nh tha vi Pht c khc.

Hi : S tri chng khng chiu cm th sanh,

ti sao dt s tri chng li c Nit-bn v tr x ?
p : V s tri chng che lp chn nh php
khng, khin cho khng pht sanh ra i bi Bt-nh lm
li lc hu tnh cng tt i v lai, cho nn khi dt s
tri chng th l php khng hin l. L tc l Nitbn v tr x, khng tr c hai bn sanh t v Nit-bn.
Hi : Nu s tri chng cng chng Nit-bn v tr
x, ti sao dt s tri chng li khng c Trch dit v
vi ?
p : Trch dit v vi l la s tri buc ca phin
no m c ; cn s tri chng khng phi tri buc
sanh t phn on nh phin no.
Hi : S tri chng khng tri buc nh phin
no, th khi dt n u c Nit-bn v tr x ?
p : Khng phi cc Nit-bn u thuc Trch
dit v vi. Nu cc Nit-bn u thuc Trch dit v vi,
th nh tnh tnh Nit-bn khng phi do tu trch dit
m c c, li khng phi Nit-bn sao ?
- Th nn phi bit, phin no tri buc hu tnh
tr sanh t phn on, khi dt n th ni l c Trch
dit v vi ; cn s tri chng khng chiu cm sanh t
phn on, khng phi nh phin no tri buc hu
tnh, cho nn khi dt s tri chng khng gi l c
trch dit v vi. Nhng do dt s tri chng, m l
php khng hin l v tng ca l vng lng, nn
ni l Nit-bn ; khng th bo Nit-bn v tr x ny
cng ly Trch dit lm tnh.
- Cho nn bn th vin tch Nit-bn ny i chiu
vi cc v vi ; hai th Nit-bn u v cui tc chn
nh v vi; hai th Nit-bn gia thuc Trch dit v vi.
Hi : Nu ch dt tri buc ca phin no m c
Trch dit, thi Bt ng dit v vi, Th tng dit v
vi, thuc v vi no trong bn v vi ?
p : Hai th v vi khng nhip vo phi Trch
dit v vi, v n ch tm thi la tri buc m c tnh

cch t nh l Phi Trch dit v vi, do duyn khuyt

khng sanh c. Nu tht l Trch dit v vi, th ch
c hon ton dit, cn Phi trch dit nh hai v vi th
khng phi vnh vin dit.
- Hoc li c th ni Nit-bn v tr x, cng l
nhip vo Trch dit v vi, v do nng lc ca tr php
khng chn tht la chn dit c s tri chng m
hin by.
Trch dit c hai :
a. Dt tri buc m c, tc l dt phin no
chiu cm th sanh m c.
b. Dt chng m c, tc l dt s tri chng
m chng c.
Cho nn bn th vin tch (Nit-bn) i trong cc
v vi ; Nit-bn tnh tnh u tc chn nh v vi ; ba
th Nit-bn sau u l Trch dit v vi. Nu l Bt
ng dit, Th tng dit v vi th ch tm phc dit
phin no, tc nhip vo Phi trch dit, v phi hon
ton dit, mi nhip v Trch dit v vi.
Hi : ni s tri chng cng chng Nit-bn
v tr x, ti sao nay ch ni chng B- ?
p : Nh ni phin no chng ch chng Nitbn, nhng u phi n khng chng B-. Nn bit
Thnh gio thng da ni cng dng c bit m ni
dt mi th chng mi qu, ch ng l th dt phin
no hay s tri u chng c hai qu B- v Nit-bn.
Trong bn th Nit-bn nh vy, ch ba th sau l
chng c do hin by (s hin c)
B. S SANH C (c do pht sanh) - Tc l i
B-. B- tuy xa nay vn c chng t nng sanh,
nhng v b s tri chng ngn ngi khng sanh c,
nay do sc Thnh o, khin chng t y sanh khi, gi
l c B-. Cc chng t y khi ln ri tng tc
mi tt cng i v lai. l Tm phm tng ng vi
bn tr.
Th no l tm phm tng ng vi bn tr ?

1. Tm phm tng ng vi tr i vin cnh Ngha l tm phm ny la cc phn bit, hnh tng v
s duyn ca n vi t kh bit. N khng di, khng
ngu i vi mi tng cnh, tnh tng thanh tnh, la
cc tp nhim, lm ch nng cho hin hnh, v ch
duy tr cho chng t ca cc cng c thun tnh vin
mn, c th hin ra sanh ra nh tng ba thn t th
dng, bn v ba tr tip sau l Bnh ng, Diu qun
st v Thnh s tc, khng xen khng dt, cng tt i
v lai, nh tm gng trn ln, hin r mun sc tng.
2. Tm phm tng ng vi tr Bnh ng tnh Ngha l tm phm ny qun tt c php hu tnh t tha
thy u bnh ng, c tnh i t bi thng tng ng,
ty i cn c ca hu tnh mi a a thch m th
hin thn v tha th dng vi nh tng sai khc. Tr
ny l ch nng ring ca tr Diu qun st, v l ch
dng lp Nit-bn v tr x, nht v tng tc, cng tt
i v lai.
3. Tm phm tng ng tr Diu quan st - Ngha
l tm phm ny v ngi pht sanh, kho qun st t
tng v cng tng cc php, thu du v lng mn
tng tr qun st v pht sanh trn bo cng c, t ti
hin ra v bin tc dng sai khc gia hi i chng,
ma trn ma i php, dt sch nghi lm, khin cc
hu tnh u c li lc.
4. Tm phm tng ng vi tr Thnh s tc Ngha l tm phm ny v mun li lc cho cc hu
tnh, nn th hin khp mi phng cc th ba nghip
bin ha, thnh tu cc vic ng nn lm ca sc bn
nguyn.
Nh vy tm phm tng ng bn tr, tuy mi tm
phm nht nh c hai mi hai tm (khi chuyn y,
mi Tm vng tng ng vi hai mi mt Tm s l
nm Bin hnh, nm Bit cnh, mi mt Thin, cng
mt Tm vng thnh hai mi hai) c chng t
hin hnh cu sanh, nng bin (t chng, chng t

chng), s bin (kin tng), nhng trong cng

dng ca tr mnh hn, cho nn ly tr hin by ch
khng ly tm khc. V th bn tr phm ny tng nhip
ht tt c cng c hu vi ca Pht a (xng tnh khi
tu c).
Bn tr phm ny chnh do chuyn cc thc hu
lu th tm, by, su, nm v cc tm phm tng ng
vi n theo th t m thnh c.
Tr khng phi thc, nhng nng thc chuyn,
thc l ch, cho nn ni chuyn thc thnh tr. Li
trong a v hu lu, tr yu thc mnh, trong a v v
lu, tr mnh thc yu. V khuyn khch loi hu tnh
nng tr b thc, cho nn ni chuyn tm thc c
bn tr ny.
- Tm phm tng ng i vin cnh tr : C
ngi cho rng B-tt khi Kim cang d nh hin ti
tin ( ng gic) th tr i vin cnh ny bt u hin
khi, cng lc x b cc chng t s tri chng vi t
trong thc D thc. Nu by gi tr i vin cnh cha
hin khi th khng c bn thc duy tr chng t
thanh tnh.
C ngi cho rng tr phm ny phi i khi gii
thot o, bt u thnh Pht n mi bt u khi ln,
v chng t trong thc D thc kia, khi Kim cang d
nh hin ti tin, cn cha kp b ; v chng t
khng tri vi v gin o (cho nn v gin o khng
dit c n). V gin o ch tri vi chng t hai
chng, ch khng phi tri vi chng t thin hu lu
v chng t v lu yu km. Hai th chng t ny nht
nh tri vi Pht qu. Li nu Kim cang d nh
khng c thc D thc chu hun, thin v lu khng
cn tng na, (v trn ri) th l ra khi l
Pht.
Do l , tr phm i vin cnh ny, t khi mi
thnh Pht cho n tt cng i v lai, tng tc khng
dt, duy tr chng t v lu, khng mt.

- Tm phm tng ng tr Bnh ng tnh : B-tt

khi a v kin o bt u hin tin, v n tri vi hai
chng ng php phn bit, cho nn tr Bnh ng tnh
ny mi c bt u khi sau trong mi a. V cn
cha dt hai chng ng php cu sanh, cho nn a
v hu lu ny cn gin on, khng hin tin, thng
n php vn a hu tm, n cng vi thc thanh tnh
th tm nng nhau tng tc cho n cng i v lai.
- Tm phm tng ng tr Diu qun st : Phn
bit c hai :
a. Bc sanh khng qun - Nh tha kin o v,
tr qun sanh khng ny bt u c khi ln, t
trin chuyn n v hc v mi c trn vn, rt ro ;
hoc n cui cng a v gii hnh ca B-tt, tr ny
mi khi ; hoc n a th by, nu khi khng phi
tm hu lu hoc khi nhp Dit tn nh v tm, th tr
ny u khi c
b. Bc php khng qun - B-tt khi a v kin
o th tr qun php khng ny mi c khi, t
v sau trin chuyn cho n khi ln mi a. Nu khi
khng phi tm hu lu v khi khng ch c sanh khng
tr qu, hoc l khi khng phi nhp Dit tn nh v
tm, tr ny u khi ln c.
- Tm phm tng ng tr Thnh s tc : C ngi
cho rng B-tt trong a v tu o, nh tr hu c
tng ng thc th su dt dn, m tr Thnh s tc ny
c bt u khi.
C ngi cho rng khi thnh Pht, tr ny mi
c khi, v khi trong mi a, nhn, nh v.v...
nng thc D thc bin hin, khng phi l v lu. Gi
s cho rng do nm cn bt cng y hu lu, ng duyn
mt cnh pht ra nm thc v lu, theo l khng th
tng ng, v thc v lu th cnh th sng, m cn hu
lu th cnh th ti, khc nhau. Do , tr phm ny
phi n khi thnh Pht, nng ni nm cn (nhn, nh
cn v.v...) v lu, mi pht khi c, nhng thng

gin on, phi ch c tc (dng ) mi khi ln.

Bn th tr ny tnh tuy vn c nhng phi hun
tp mi pht hin. Trong nhn v th tng dn dn, n
Pht qu mi vin mn, khng cn tng gim, tt cng
i v lai, v by gi ch t chng t pht sanh, ch
khng hun thnh chng t na, v khng th c vic
c tnh ca Pht trc vin mn hn Pht sau.
- V tm phm tng ng tr i vin cnh. C
ngi cho rng n ch duyn chn nh lm cnh, y l
tr khng phn bit, chng phi tr hu c, nn hnh
tng v s duyn ca n khng th bit c.
C ngi cho rng tr ny duyn tt c php, Lun
Trang Nghim ni : Tr i vin cnh, i vi ht thy
cnh khng ngu, khng m. Kinh Pht a ni :
Trong tr i vin cnh ca Nh Lai hin cc nh
tng cn, trn, thc. Li tr ny nht nh duyn
chng t v lu v cc nh tng thn, , nhng v
hnh tng v s duyn ca n vi t, nn ni l khng
th bit. Ging nh thc A-li-da, n cng duyn tc
. Nn bit trc duyn chn nh l tr cn bn v
phn bit, sau duyn cc cnh khc l tr hu c. Hai
tr ny th l mt m ty tc dng chia ra lm hai, v r
c tc l do chng chn nh, cho nn ni l hu
c, (c sau). Ba tr tip theo cng nh vy, th ch
mt m dng chia lm hai. Chun theo y nn hiu.
- V tm phm tng ng tr Bnh ng tnh, c
ngi cho rng, tr ny ch duyn tnh thc th tm,
ging nh thc th by nhim duyn Tng thc.
C ngi cho rng tr ny ch duyn chn nh lm
cnh, v n duyn tnh Bnh ng ca tt c php.
C ngi cho rng, n khp duyn c chn v tc,
v Kinh Pht a ni : "Tr Bnh ng tnh chng c
mi th tnh Bnh ng v Lun Trang Nghim ni :
Duyn cc hu tnh t tha Bnh ng. Ty theo ch
thng gii ca hu tnh m th hin v bin nh tng
Pht. Do , tr phm Bnh ng tnh duyn c chn

v tc, nhip v hai tr, i vi l khng tri.

- Tm phm tng tr Diu qun st - Tc l duyn
t tng cng tng ca ht thy cc php u khng
ngn ngi, v nhip v hai tr.
- V tm phm tng ng tr Thnh s tc, c
ngi cho rng n ch duyn nm th hin cnh, v
Lun Trang Nghim ni : Nm cn ca Nh Lai, mi
mi u i nm cnh m sanh khi.
C ngi cho rng tr phm ny cng khp duyn
cc php trong ba i, khng tri chnh l, v kinh Pht
a ni: Tr Thnh s tc khi lm cc vic bin ha
ni ba nghip, quyt trch tm hnh sai khc ca hu
tnh, lnh th cc php qu kh, hin ti. Nu tr ny
khng khp duyn, th khng th c c cc vic nh
vy. Nhng tr phm ny, ty theo a thch m duyn
mt php hoc duyn hai hay duyn nhiu php. Trong
lun Trang Nghim ch ni qua l nm cn ca Nh Lai
duyn ni nm cnh, ch khng phi ni ch duyn
nm cnh, cho nn khng tri nhau .
Tr ny ty theo tc m khi, ch duyn cnh s
tng, khi ln s nghip ha tha, cho nn n ch
nhip v tr hu c.
- Bn tm ny tuy u duyn khp tt c php,
nhng cng dng c khc. Tr Vin cnh th hin tng
thn v tnh t th dng, duy tr chng t v lu. Tr
Bnh ng th hin tng thn v tnh tha th dng.
Tr Thnh s th hin tng thn v bin ha. Tr
Diu qun st th qun st cng nng v li lm ca t
v tha, ma trn ma i php, ph cc li nghi, li
lc hu tnh.
- Bn tr c cc phm tnh nh th, sai bit nhiu
th.
- Bn tm phm ny gi l c do php sanh (s
sanh c).
S sanh c ny, chung gi l B-, cng vi s
hin c (c do hin by) l Nit-bn trc , c hai

gi chung l s chuyn c (c do chuyn i).

Tuy ngha ch chuyn y gm c bn th l nng
chuyn o, s chuyn y, s chuyn x, s chuyn c,
nhng bi tng ct ly ngha s hin c v s sanh
c trong s chuyn c ny t li tng chng
c chuyn y
Tu tp v ny ch ni l nng chng c, ch khng
ni l chng c, v n cn thuc v nhn v tu tp
(cha phi qu v Pht).
XXIV. CU CNH V.
- Th nm, cu cnh v tng n nh th no ?
Tng rng :
y, tc gii v lu,
Chng ngh ngh, thin, thng.
An lc, thn gii thot.
i Mu-ni php thn.
Lun rng : Qu chuyn y ca a v tu tp thnh
c trc , tc l tng trng ca cu cnh v ny.
Ch y trong bi tng l ch hai qu chuyn y trc
, n nhip vo gii cu cnh v lu. Cc lu vnh
vin sch ht, v lu theo tng ln, tnh trong sch
trn sng, cho nn gi v lu. Ch gii ngha l
kho tng", v trong dung cha v bin i cng c
hy hu. Hoc gii ngha l nhn v c th sanh ra
s li lc cho c nm tha th v xut th gian.
Hi : Php gii thanh tnh c th ch nhip v v
lu, cn bn tr tm phm ti sao ch l v lu ?
p : V n nhip v o , nn ch l v lu.
Ngha l cng c v thn, ca Pht u t chng
tnh v lu pht sanh, v chng t php hu lu vnh
vin dt b, tuy c th hin lm thn sanh t v cc
nghip phin no, t nh l Kh , Tp , song k
tht thuc v v lu o .

Hi : Tp Lun ni : Mi lm gii ch hu lu",

c Nh Lai h khng c mi lm gii l nm cn,
nm thc, nm trn hay sao ?
p : C ngi cho rng cng c v thn, ca
Nh Lai su xa vi diu, chng phi c chng phi
khng, la cc phn bit, dt ht h lun, khng nhip
vo cc php mn gii, x, nn khng tri vi Tp
Lun ni.
C ngi cho rng nm cn, nm cnh ca c
Nh Lai t diu nh Th Lng Nghim pht sanh, ch
nhip v php gii sc (ch khng phi sc trn) ; cn
nm thc ca chn gii hu tnh khng phi Pht, tuy
da ni php gii sc ca Pht m bin ra tng phn
duyn, nhng tng phn th th, m php gii sc
th t khc nhau, cho nn php gii khng nhip vo
nm trn, m nm thc ca Nh Lai cng khng thuc
nm thc gii, v Kinh ni : Tm Pht thng trong
nh, v Lun ni nm thc tnh tn lon.
Hi : Nm thc Nh Lai khng phi l nm
thc gii, th th tr Thnh s tc tng ng vi thc
thanh tnh no ?
p : Tng ng vi tnh thc th su, do n qun
cn c m khi tc dng bin ha thnh ba loi phn
thn.
Hi : cng tnh thc th su tng ng, vy
tnh n vi tnh ca tr Diu qun st c g khc nhau?
p : Tr Diu qun st l qun t tng, cng
tng ca cc php ; cn Thnh s tc tr ny ch khi
ln tc dng bin ha, cho nn c sai khc.
Hi : Nu vy th hai th ny khng th ng sanh,
v mt loi thc m hai tr khng th cng khi?
p : Chp nhn khng ng khi, i vi l
khng tri ; hoc th ng, m dng khc, nn ng
khi cng khng li.
Li, tr Thnh s tc hoc cng vi tnh thc th
by tng ng, v nng nm cn, duyn nm cnh l

tc dng sai khc ca tr Bnh ng tnh.

Ngha l tnh thc th by khi ln cc tng thn
v tha th dng, l thuc Bnh ng tnh tr ; cn
khi ra thn v bin ha l thuc v tr Thnh s.
Hi : ( ni nng nm cn, duyn nm trn) th
h khng phi l tr Thnh s tc nhip thuc nm thc
cng c ch ?
p : Khng phi v chuyn nm thc c tr
Thnh s tc, m th ca tr Thnh s tc tc l nm
thc, ging nh chuyn sanh t c Nit-bn, nhng
khng th cho Nit-bn ng vi sanh t. Cho nn
khng nn ct nn chuyn .
- C ngi cho rng cng c, thn, ca Nh
Lai, nh ch thch ng m nhip vo nm un, mi
hai x, mi tm gii, v un, x, gii u thng c
hu lu, v lu. Nhng Tp Lun ni : Mi lm gii
(nm cn, nm thc, nm trn) ch l hu lu", l ch
da ni cnh Nh tha th thin m ni, ch khng phi
ni tt c. Ngha l nu chn gii hu tnh kia, thnh tu
c mi tm gii, th ba gii sau l cn, thc,
php trn thng v v lu ; cn nu Pht thnh tu
mi tm gii, th c mi tm gii u v lu, nhng
y khng phi l cnh gii m Nh tha bit c.
Hoc c ch khc ni cng c ca Pht khng nhip
vo x, gii, l ch v cng c khng ng vi
tng x, gii m Nh tha lit tr bit c. L phi
nh vy. V sao ? V Kinh ni : Tt c php hu vi u
thuc vo nm un", li ni : Tt c php hu lu, v
lu u thuc vo mi tm gii, mi hai x nu c
un th su, x th mi ba, gii th mi chn l iu
khng th c, c Pht ngn chn.
Li nu v dt ht cc h lun m Pht thn khng
thuc vo gii x, th cng khng nn ni : y tc l
gii v lu, thin, thng, an lc, thn gii thot. Li
ni ni u ni chuyn nm un v thng, c nm
un thng tr ; chuyn mi tm gii, mi hai x

cng th, ch u phi ni hn Nh Lai khng bit vo

un, x, gii. Cho nn phm ni Nh Lai khng thuc
un, x, gii, ch l mt ni.
Li Lun ni : Nm thc tnh tn lon", l ni
nm thc ca chn gii hu tnh kia, ch khng ni
nm thc ca Pht. Cho nn trong thn Pht c c
mi tm gii, nhng thun l v lu.
- Hai qu chuyn y ny li khng th ngh bn",
vt khi ng suy t ngh lun, vi diu thm thm, t
chng ng bn trong, khng phi ly chuyn th gian v
d c.
- Hai qu chuyn y ny li ch l thin", v l tnh
bch tnh, ng vi php gii thanh tnh, xa la sanh
dit, cng cc an n, v tm phm bn tr diu dng v
bin, cng cc thin xo. V hai qu ny u c tng
thun chnh l, ch qun sanh, tri vi php bt thin,
nn iu ni l thin.
Hi : Lun ni trong mi hai x, th nm cn v
hng, v, xc ba trn thuc tnh v k, my x kia th
thng c ba tnh thin, c, v k, ch khng ch l v
k ht. Nay bn tr ca Pht u ch l thin, vy h
Pht khng c nm cn v k v ba trn v k hay sao ?
p : Trong y c ba li gii thch, ni rng
nh trc trong on ni v gii v lu, y ch nu
li gii thch th ba l ht thy thn v ca Nh Lai
u thuc v Dit , o , cho nn ch l thin. V
tnh Dit , o ch l tnh thin nn ni Pht
khng thuc Kh , Tp . Thc ca Pht bin ra cc
tng hu lu, bt thin, v k, u l t ni chng t
v lu sanh, cho nn n u thuc v v lu thin.
- Hai qu chuyn y ny li u l thng v
khng c thi k cng tn, ng vi php gii thanh
tnh, khng sanh, khng dit, tnh khng bin i, cho
nn gi l thng. Tm phm bn tr nng ni php
gii c thng, khng c thi k cng tn, cng ni
l thng, ch bn tr khng phi l t tnh thng, v

tm phm bn tr t nhn chng t sanh ra, sanh t

phi dit, l iu chc chn (nht hng k), v khng
thy sc tm no m khng phi v thng. Nhng tm
phm bn tr cng chng phi v thng, v do sc bn
nguyn v loi hu tnh c ha khng c thi k
cng tn, tt i v lai, khng dt, khng ht.
-Hai qu chuyn y ny li u an lc. V khng
bc no, ng vi php gii thanh tnh, tnh lng cc
tng, cho nn gi l an lc ; v v vnh vin xa la ci
hi ca tr th (tc php chp, s tri chng), cho nn
gi l an lc. T tnh hai qu chuyn y ny u khng
bc hi, li c th lm cho chng hu tnh an lc.
Hng nh tha c hai qu chuyn y, ch vnh
vin dt ht s rng buc ca phin no chng, ch
khng c php th thng, cho nn ni Nh tha ch gi
l thn gii thot.
ng i Gic Th Tn thnh tu php tch mc
v thng, cho nn gi l i Mu-ni (Tch mc). ng
Mu-ni c hai qu chuyn y, vnh vin xa la hai
chng, nn cng gi l php thn. Php l c v
lng, v bin i cng c, nh mi lc, bn v y
v.v... lm trang nghim ; thn c ngha thn th, l ni
nng ta, l tch t iu gi l thn. Cho nn php
thn ny gm c nm php l chn nh v bn tr lm
bn tnh ch khng phi ch ring mt ngha chn nh
php gii n c m gi l php thn, v hai qu
chuyn y u thuc v php thn.
Php thn nh vy c ba tng sai khc.
1. T tnh thn - Tc l php gii chn tnh m
Nh Lai chng c ; n l ch nng bnh ng ca
thn th dng v thn bin ha. La cc tng, rt vng
lng, bt ht h lun, y cng c chn thng,
khng c bin t, l thc tnh bnh ng ca ht thy
php. Chnh t tnh cng gi l php thn ca trong
ba thn, v n l ch nng (thn) ca php i cng
c (php).

2. Th dng thn y c hai :

a. T th dng thn - Tc l cc c Nh Lai tri
ba v s kip tu tp v lng t lng phc c, tr
tu, gip lm pht sanh bn tr B- v v bin cng
c chn tht, thnh tu sc thn rt vin mn, thanh
tnh, thng hng bin khp, tng tc lng l, cng tt
i v lai, thng t th dng php lc rng ln.
b. Tha th dng thn - Tc l cc c Nh Lai do
nng lc ca tr Bnh ng th hin cng c thanh tnh
vi diu, ci thun tnh ; v hng B-tt mi a m
cc c Nh Lai hin thn thng ln, ln xe Chnh
php, dt b li nghi, khin h th dng php lc i
tha. Hp hai th thn trn li gi chung l th dng
thn.
3. Bin ha thn - Tc l c Nh Lai, do nng lc
ca tr Thnh s, bin hin ra v lng ha thn theo
loi hu tnh, ci va tnh, va u ; cc c Nh Lai
v chng B-tt cha ln mi a v hng Nh tha
cng vi mt loi D sanh, xng theo c nghi ca h,
m cc c Nh Lai hin thn thng ni Php, khin h
u c cc vic li lc.
Ly nm php thu nhip ba thn - C thuyt cho
rng, nht chn php gii v tr i vin cnh, nhip
thuc t tnh thn, v Kinh ni : "Chn nh l php
thn. Lun ni: "Chuyn b thc A-li-da c thn t
tnh", vy ng vi tr phm i vin cnh do chuyn
tng thc m chng c.
Hai tr Bnh ng v Diu qun st th thuc th
dng thn, v ni tr Bnh ng ci thun tnh ; v
hng B-tt m cc c Nh Lai hin ra thn Pht, v
ni tr Diu qun st, t ti gia hi chng ni php
dt nghi, v ni do chuyn cc chuyn thc m c thn
th dng.
Cui cng l tr Thnh s tc, nhip thuc thn
bin ha, v ni tr Thnh s m cc c Nh Lai hin
ra v lng cc th bin ha kh ngh ngh ni mi

phng quc . Li tr th thng nhip ba thn, cho

nn ba thn u c tht tr.
C thuyt cho rng nht chn php gii nhip
thuc t tnh thn, v ni t tnh thn, bn tnh thng
v v Php thn ca Pht khng sanh dit, v ni php
thn do chng m c, ch khng phi do sanh m
c. Li ni Php thn, cc c Pht u c, bin khp
tt c php, ging nh h khng, khng tng khng
lm, chng phi sc tm. Nhng Lun ni : "Chuyn
tng thc c t tnh thn", c ngha l do chuyn dit
th trng hai chng trong thc th tm m hin l
Php thn.
Li trong tr th thng nhip c Php thn. Tc ni
Php thn l ch da cho bn tr, l tht tnh ca bn
tr. K tht t tnh Php thn tuy c v bin cng c
chn tht, nhng l v vi, khng th ni l sc hay
tm.
Cng c chn tht ca bn tr v sc thn thng
hng bin khp, nu do tr i vin cnh khi ln, th
nhip vo T th dng thn ; cn Pht thn t tr Bnh
ng hin, th nhip v Tha th dng thn ; cc thn
tng t tr Thnh s th hin theo cc loi, th nhip v
Bin ha thn.
Nn ni tr Vin cnh nhip vo T th dng thn,
v chuyn cc chuyn thc m c thn Th dng. Tuy
chuyn tng thc, cng c T th dng thn, nhng v
ni chuyn tng thc hin l Php thn nn lc bt
m khng ni c T th dng thn.
- Li ni Php thn khng sanh, khng dit, ch do
chng ng m c, khng phi sc tm ; nay tr Vin
cnh tri vi Php thn, nu tr Vin cnh khng thuc
T th dng thn th nhip vo thn no ?
Li T th dng thn nhip ht thy cng c hu
vi chn tht ring ca Pht (khng chung vi Nh tha),
cho nn bn tr phm tht c sc tm, u nhip v thn
Th dng.

Li thn Tha th dng v thn Bin ha, u v ha

tha m phng tin th hin, cho nn khng th ni hai
thn ny ly tht tr lm th. Tuy ni Ha thn cng l
nhip vo tr th thng, nhng m tng t nh tr hin
ra, hoc t tr pht khi, nn gi ni l tr, ch tht th
khng phi tr. Ch ni tr Bnh ng v tr Thnh s tc
l c th hin thn Tha th dng v Ha thn ba
nghip, ch khng ni hai thn tc l hai tr. Cho nn
hai tr ny cng l nhip vo T th dng thn.
Song Bin ha thn v Tha th dng thn, tuy
khng phi l Tm v Tm s thc, nhng m ha hin
ra Tm v Tm s. Bi ng V Thng Gic thn lc
kh lng, cho nn c th ha hin ra php khng hnh
cht (Tm, Tm s). Nu khng nh vy th lm sao
c Nh Lai hin ra c tham, c sn, (tc hin ra c
Tm s, khng hnh cht) ? Nh Lai dt ht tham,
sn lu ri vy.
Li lm sao hng Thanh-vn v loi Bng sanh c
th bit tm Nh Lai ? V tht l tm ca Nh Lai th
ng Gic B-tt cn khng bit c. Do , Kinh
ni : Nh Lai ha ra v lng loi thn u c tm.
Li ni tr Thnh s tc ca Nh Lai ha lm ba nghip
; li ni bin ha c tm y tha, ngha l nng ni tm
tht ca ngi khc m hin ra tng phn duyn.
Tuy c ch khc ni thn Bin ha khng c cn v
tm, l cn c thn Bin ha ca Nh tha v Bng
sanh m ni, ch khng phi ni thn Bin ha ca
Nh Lai. Li sc cn cng Tm v Tm s ca cc
ngi khc bin ha th khng c tc dng ca cn v
tm, cho nn khng ni.
Nh vy, ba thn tuy u y v bin cng
c, nhng mi thn c khc.
Ngha l t tnh thn ch c cng c v vi chn
tht Thng, Lc, Ng, Tnh, la ht tp nhim, lm ch
nng cho cc thin. Nhng n khng c tng dng
sai khc ca sc tm.

- T th dng thn th c v lng cc th cng

c chn tht ca sc tm th diu.
Nu Tha th dng thn v Bin ha thn th ch c
v bin cng c ha tng ca sc thn tng t,
vi tc dng li lc cho k khc.
- Li t tnh thn chnh l thuc v t li, tch tnh
an vui, khng c ng tc, cng kim li tha, l lm
duyn tng thng, khin cho loi hu tnh c li
lc, li lm ch nng cho Th dng thn v Bin ha
thn, cho nn thuc c hai li.
T th dng thn ch l t li ; Tha th dng thn
v Bin ha thn th thuc li tha, v ngi khc m th
hin.
- Li T tnh thn, php tnh , tuy thn v
ny th khng sai khc, nhng php tnh thuc ni Pht
th gi l Php thn ; thuc ni php th gi l php
tnh hay php tnh , l php tnh theo tng thn,
tng m c sai khc. Thn Pht v quc khng
thuc v sc php. Tuy khng th ni hnh lng ln
nh, nhng ty theo s th dng m Bin ha thn ,
s tng hnh lng v bin; v nh h khng cng
khp ht mi ni.
T th dng thn, vn nng Th dng .
Ngha l tnh thc tng ng vi tr Vin cnh, do nhn
duyn t xa v t li m tu hnh, thnh thc Pht
thun tnh v lu, nn khi mi thnh Pht cho n tn
i v lai tng tc bin thnh Pht thun tnh trn
khp khng bin t, cc bu trang nghim, thn T
th dng thng nng Pht . Nh lng ca
Tnh , thn lng cng th, v hng thin cn dn
sanh cc tng tt mi mi v bin. Cng c tr tu
khng phi sc php, khng th ni hnh lng n ln
nh, nhng nng chn nh chng v t tnh Php
thn cng c th ni l bin khp tt c.
- Thn Tha th dng, cng nng ni tha th
dng . Ngha l sc i t bi Bnh ng tnh tr, do

nhn duyn v li tha m t xa tu tp thnh thc Pht

v lu thun tnh, nn ty c nghi ca B-tt tr
mi a m bin lm Tnh hoc nh hoc ln, hoc
km, hoc hn, trc sau chuyn i ; thn Tha th
dng nng Tnh . Thn lng cng khng c
hng lng nht nh.
- Nu thn Bin ha th Bin ha . Ngha l
sc i t bi thnh s tr, do nhn duyn v li tha m
t xa tu hnh thnh thc Pht v lu thun tnh,
nn ty c nghi ca loi hu tnh cha ln mi a,
ha lm Pht , hoc tnh, hoc u, hoc nh, hoc
ln, trc sau chuyn i ; thn Pht bin ha nng
m . Thn lng nng cng khng c hn lng
nht nh.
T tnh thn, t tnh , ng l ch chng ca
ht thy Nh Lai, th khng sai khc. T th dng thn,
T th dng , tuy tt c Pht u bin hin khng
ging nhau, nhng u l v bin v khng chng
ngi nhau. Tha th dng thn, Tha th dng v Bin
ha thn , th ty cc hu tnh bin ha ca cc c
Nh Lai ha c chung v khng chung. Nu loi hu
tnh c ha l chung, ng ch, ng thi, th cc
c Pht u bin lm thn lm , c tng trng
tng t, khng chng ngi nhau, trin chuyn xen
nhau lm tng thng duyn, khin cc hu tnh c
ha , t trn thc h bin hin ra Pht ha thn, Pht
ha , m chng sanh kia ch cho rng ni mt Pht
ch c mt Pht thn hin thn thng thuyt php
lm li ch (m khng bit l do nhiu Pht chung
bin ra), tc l i vi hu tnh c ha khng
chung (th d chng c gi l thy mi phng Pht)
m k tht ch do mt Pht bin hin. Bi cc hu tnh
t v th li, chng t tnh tnh ca chng, vn c s
h thuc ln nhau, nn hoc nhiu hu tnh m ch mt
Pht ha , hoc mt hu tnh m nhiu Pht ha .
Th nn chng sanh c ha c chung v khng

chung. Nu khng nh vy, thi nhiu Pht tr lu ti

th gian, u lm cc vic mt nhc, tht l v ch, v
mt Pht cng c th lm li ch cho tt c chng sanh.
- Ba thn bn ny, hoc tnh, hoc u, nu l t
trn thc v lu ca Pht bin hin, th thn y u
l thin v lu ng vi thc nng bin. V n do nhn
duyn thun thin v lu pht sanh nn thuc v o
, ch khng phi Kh, Tp . Cn nu l tng un,
x, gii trn thc chng sanh da theo Pht ny m
bin ra, th khng hn u ng thin v lu v tng
un, x, gii do nhn duyn ba nghip l cn,
thc, php trn tp nhim ca chng sanh dn sanh ra.
Ba thn bn ny hoc tnh, hoc u, nu l t
trn thc hu lu ca chn gii hu tnh (mi gii, tr
Pht gii) m bin hin, th n l hu lu ng vi thc
nng bin ; v n thun t nhn duyn hu lu m pht
sanh, n thuc Kh, Tp ch khng phi Dit, o
.
Thc nng bin tuy ch l v k, nhng tng
thin, c, v k bin ra trn thc khng hn u ng
v k, v n do nhn duyn chng t bi tnh ln ln
bin ra. Tng un, x, gii ca Pht bin ra trn thc
chng sanh, c ng tnh, c khc tnh, chun theo y
m bit. Nu khng nh vy, thi thn ha Pht khng
c nm un, mi hai x v.v...
Nhng Tng phn, Kin phn u nng thc
bin hin, chng phi l thc y tha nh thc tnh. Nu
khng vy th l Duy thc khng thnh, v cho rng
cnh trong thc thc c.
Hoc ni Kin phn, Tng phn trong thc, u
l duyn sanh, u l y tha khi, h v tht ging nh
thc. Ni ch Duy l ch khin tr ng php chp
bn ngoi, ch khng phi ngn cnh tng phn
trong thc. Nu khng nh vy, cn bn tr duyn chn
nh, chn nh cng khng tht hay sao ?
Hi : Ni cnh tng phn v thc, ni l

khng phi h gi, vy ti sao ch ni l Duy thc m

khng ni Duy cnh ?
p : Thc ch c bn trong ; cnh th thng lun
c trong ngoi u c. V s xen lm vi tng bin k
chp bn ngoi cho nn ch ni l Duy thc.
Li hoc v k ngu m chp ni cnh m khi
nghip phin no, chu sanh t trm lun, khng bit t
qun tm, sing cu ra khi, v thng hng ngi
m cc c Nh Lai ni Duy thc, khin h t qun
tm mnh, gii thot sanh t, ch khng phi bo cnh
bn trong thc cng hon ton khng thc c nh cnh
bn ngoi.
Hoc Tng phn, Kin phn u ly thc lm th
tnh, do sc hun tp m tng t sanh ra nhiu phn.
Chn nh cng l tht tnh ca thc, cho nn tr
ngoi thc tnh, khng c php g khc.
Trong Lun y ni Thc l cng bao gm Tm
s, v Tm v Tm s nht nh tng ng nhau.
Lun ny c ba phn (l tn, nhn, d. Hoc lc
tiu thc tng, qung minh thc tng, v tu hnh v.
Hoc cnh - 25 tng u ; Hnh - 4 tng tip ; Qu - 1
tng cui. Hoc thc tng, thc tnh, thc v),
thnh lp Duy thc, cho nn ni l Thnh Duy thc
lun. Cng ni Lun ny tn l Tnh Duy Thc", v
hin by l Duy thc ht sc trong sng.
Bn lun ny gi l Duy thc ba mi. Ba mi
bi tng, hin by l Duy thc c vin mn, khng
thm, khng bt.
nng Thnh gio v chnh l,
Phn bit ngha tnh tng Duy thc,
c bao cng c th qun sanh,
ng nguyn mau ln V Thng Gic.
(Ht cun mi theo bn Hn)

(Dch xong chiu 19-061995

tc 22-5-t hi - Thin
Siu)

CH THCH
1. Cc v Lun s c thng l mi khi to Lun,
m u u c li quy knh Tam Bo.
y cng vy, khi cc Lun s Thng Thn, Ha
Bin v.v... nh to lun gii thch 30 bi tng Duy thc
ca B-tt Th Thn, cng m u bng bi tng bn
cu ny t lng quy knh Tam Bo.
Duy thc tnh tc l tnh Vin thnh tht, l tnh
Chn nh. Nh trong bi tng ny c cu tng : y
Thng ngha cc php, cng chnh l chn nh, v
thng nh tnh n, tc tht tnh Duy thc.
Duy thc tnh l chn nh tht tnh ca cc php,
l ch nng ca m ng, l ch chng ng ca bc
Thnh.
Knh l Duy thc tnh l knh l Php bo. Chng
Duy thc tnh trn vn l chuyn tm thc thnh
bn tr, chng c chuyn y ; chuyn b phn tp nhim
y ni bn thc v chuyn c phn thanh tnh y ni bn
thc, gii thot khi phn on sanh t v bin dch
sanh t. chng trn vn Duy thc tnh, l c
Pht, Pht bo. Cn mi chuyn c thc th su
thnh Diu quang st tr, chuyn thc th by thnh
Bnh ng tnh tr, mi dt ht mi trng chng,
chng mi chn nh, ch mi chng tng phn Duy
thc tnh, l cc v B-tt Thnh Tng, Tng Bo.
2. on ny nu ba l do to Lun :

a. Ch cho chng sanh thy tnh chp ng, chp

php l mt li chp sai lm in o, chnh v chp
ng m pht sanh tham, sn, si thnh phin no chng,
lm chng ngi khng chng Nit-bn gii thot.
Chnh v chp php thnh s tri chng, lm chng
ngi khng thy c chn l, khng chng c i
B-. Nu r l ng khng, php khng th s ph b
chp ng, chp php, dt ht chng phin no v s
tri, chng c Nit-bn v B- gii thot an lc (y
l ca Lun s An Hu).
b. V khng hiu ng l Duy thc nn mi chp
ng, chp php. Nu hiu l Duy thc, th bnh chp
ng, chp php tiu tan v khng cn b rng buc trong
vng sanh t (y l ca Ha Bin).
c. Tr bn li chp sai lm ch v khng hiu ng
l Duy thc. l hoc nh phi Hu b da theo kinh
A-Hm Pht ni v mi hai x v.v... ri chp mi
hai x trong gm c tm, v cnh u tht c nh
nhau. u bit rng Pht ni mi hai x l ct ch
by l v ng, ch khng phi ni mi hai x l tht
c. Nu r l Duy thc th s r su trn u l tng
phn do thc bin ; nm cn ch l cng nng chng t
ca sc nng ni bn thc m c. Hoc nh phi
Thanh Bin da theo i tha gio ni ht thy u
khng tnh, ri bc lun ht thy sc tm u hon ton
khng c. Chn khng m Tc cng khng. Nu
r l Duy thc l y tha khi tnh, duyn khi kin phn,
tng phn l c ch khng phi nh ng chp php
chp bin k h vng trng rng. Hoc nh mt hng
quyn tha B-tt da theo i tha gio ni : Tm
sanh ht thy php ri chp tm ch c mt m tc
dng ra nhiu th khc nhau ; u bit rng i tha
gio ni nht tm, chn nh, Nh Lai tng, l ch r
ht thy php l th khng hai, ch khng phi ni tm
thc khng c chng t, hnh tng, s duyn ring.
ng v Chn th th tnh khng hai, m ng v

Tc th tng dng c khc. Nn i vi cc thc,

kinh Lng Gi ni : Tm, v thc, tc nn tng c
sai bit, chn nn tng khng sai bit, v tng s
tng u khng. trong Chn khng c tng
nng, tng s nn khng th ni mt ni khc, chp
mt chp khc u sai, nhng trong Tc duyn
sanh m chp khng mt khng khc cng khng ng.
Nu r l Duy thc th li chp ny khng cn. Hoc
nh phi Kinh b da li trong Kinh ni : Nhim tnh
do tm", ri chp Tm s ch l thuc tnh ca thc ch
khng c th dng ring. u bit Kinh ni nhim tnh
do tm, m khng ni Tm s. V tm l ch, l u
thng ; cn Tm s l ti t, l lit h. Nu r l Duy
thc th s r Tm v Tm s u c v tr ring (y l
ca H php).
3. on ny l on ch yu nht, tm thu ht
ngha l ca b Lun, nhng on tip theo l nhng
gii thch rng cho on ny.
M u nh vit lun t t cu hi tin gii
p lm sng t o l Duy thc.
Hi : Nu ch c thc, ngoi ra khng c chi ht,
th ti sao ngi th gian v ngay c trong Pht gio
u ni c ng c php ?
S s vt vt v lng v bin, nhng ch mt ch
php cng thu trn ht. Php l Nhm tr t tnh, qu
sanh vt gii. Bt c nhng g hu hnh v hnh, hu
vi v vi, hu tnh, v tnh, vt cht hay nim, thi
gian khng gian, chn l hay quy lut, bn th, hin
tng , gi hay tht v.v... h t gi c tnh ring, lm
i tng cho s nhn thc bit n l n, u gi l
php. Nhng y ch Php phn chia lm hai loi,
mt l loi hu tnh, hai l loi v tnh. Ni hu tnh
thy c mt c tnh bn ng, l ng chp ; ni v
tnh thy c mt c tnh tht th, l php chp, vy
ni ng v php l gom ht mi s mi vt.

Theo l Duy thc, th ngoi thc khng c g tn

ti, hin hu, th sao ngi th gian v Pht gio vn
ni ng v php. Vy ng v php khng phi hin
hu ngoi thc sao ?
Tng p :
Do gi ni ng, php v.v...
Tng p y l li ngi Th Thn. M u ca 30
bi tng, m o l ch yu ca Duy thc nm c trong
su cu tng m u ny.
Lun ch khng ph nhn vic ngi th gian v
Pht gio ni ng, ni php, nhng ng v php ch
l gi ni m thi. Gi ni tc l ch c trn danh ngn
ch khng c trn thc t. Nu da theo danh ngn ni
ng php i tm cho ra thc th ca ng php u,
th khng khc g nghe ni lng ra ri i tm lng ra
th tht l sai lm qu l. Khng c tht m vn ni v
n, nn gi l gi ni. Gi ni ng php ng ngha vi
gi ni mun s mun vt.
Ng v php ca th gian ni hon ton do vng
tng ba t ra ch khng da vo mt tht th no c;
l v th ty tnh gi.
Ng v php ca Pht gio ni l da ni sc tm y
tha khi m gng t ra. Cc bc Thnh chng ng
cc php u l y tha khi, l duyn sanh. Nh nm
un, mi hai x, mi tm gii v.v... khng c g
chun ch l ng, l php c, nhng Pht gng ni l
ng, l php tin vic ha chng sanh. Cho nn
cng gi l gi ni ; l hu th thi thit gi.
Cc tng ng theo Pht gio ni, nh dt ht kin
hoc gi l qu D lu ; dt ht su phm t hoc ci
Dc, gi l qu Nht lai v.v..., cho n dt ht hai
chng phin no v s tri, gi l qu A-la-hn, Bchchi, Nh Lai v.v... Cc tng php ca Pht gio ni,
nh nm un, mi hai x, mi tm gii, bn ,
mi hai nhn duyn, su v.v... cc tng ng php
y u nng vo s chuyn bin ca thc m gi thi

thit.
Thc l tnh liu bit nhn thc, c tm thc Tm
vng v cc Tm s u c tnh liu bit nhn thc.
Liu bit nh th no ? Bn th ca thc l liu bit, t
bn th y khi chuyn bin th hin ra hai phn, mt
phn c kh nng phn bit nhn bit, gi l Kin phn,
mt phn kia khng c kh nng phn bit, ch lm i
tng cho kin phn gi l Tng phn. Ni cch khc
l phn bit v phn b bit. Hai phn ny lun lun
cng sanh cng dit, c phn ny th c phn kia, phn
ny khng th phn kia khng. T hai phn khng c
chi l ng l php, nhng hng phm phu m mui c
da vo phn bit chp cho l ng, da vo phn b bit
chp cho l php. y l mt li thi thit gi to, ch
nu la ngoi hai phn bit v b bit kia th chng c
chi gi l ng, php. Nh vy, ng php da vo hai
phn kin tng ca ni thc m gi lp, nn ng php
ch c theo ngha th tc, tc l gi di, b Thnh
o i tr. Cn ni thc l duyn sanh va c theo
ngha th tc, li va c theo ngha thng ngha. Nh
Pht dy tnh duyn khi ca cc php l thng tr,
khng phi c Pht ra i th c, khng c Pht ra i
th khng.
4. on ny nu cc li chp ng ph. Trong
c im cn lu : Ng th c chp n c l cnh s
duyn cho ng kin khng ? Nu n khng l cnh s
duyn cho ng kin th n ch l mt th g v tung v
tch, lm sao m bit l tht ng ? Nu n l c tht,
c tung tch, lm s duyn cho ng kin, vy th ngi
no thy c ng l ngi thy ng, thy ng th c
gii thot Nit-bn ; cn ngi no thy v ng l thy
sai, thy sai l b trm lun sanh t, c khng ? u
c th nh vy !
Li ng kin khng duyn c tht ng, v n c
s duyn ring, nh tm duyn cc php khc. Tm
duyn cc php khc nh duyn sc, duyn ting v.v...

cng ch duyn ci tng phn c bin ra trn thc

ch khng duyn c th sc, th ting no ngoi
thc, vy ng kin c duyn ng th cng ch duyn
tng gi ng bin ra trn thc, ch khng phi duyn
ci tht ng no ngoi thc c. Li cnh s duyn ca
ng kin nht nh khng phi l tht ng ; v nu cnh
s duyn ca ng kin l tht ng, th tht ng y ha
thnh cnh s duyn. Tht ng ha thnh cnh s
duyn, th n tr thnh i tng v tri, v gic nh cc
php khc u l s duyn ca thc, ch khng phi l
tht ng na ; v tht ng th phi l ch t, ch th, ch
khng phi khch th v tri.
5. on ny phn bit tng chp ng. Tm tt c
hai th ng chp :
a. Ng chp cu sanh l th ng chp c chng
t mm mng sn trong tng thc, cng vi thn sanh
ra mt ln. Ngha l c thn l c n, khng i phi
nghe t gio, tc phn bit mi c, nn gi cu sanh.
Th cu sanh ny c hai :
- Mt l thng tng tc do thc th by duyn
kin phn thc th tm, chp cho l ng. y l
ngun gc m lm, l cn bn v minh, rt su kn bn
chc, tng tc thng hng, phi thng qun l sanh
khng v ng tht su mi dt c n m chng qu
A-la-hn. V thc Mt na th by v Tng thc th tm
l hai thc khng gin on nn ng tng do n chp
cng khng gin on cho d khi thc khi ng, khi cht
khi sng n vn lin tc c mt, nu cha ng l v ng
mt cch thu o.
- Hai l c gin on, do thc th su duyn nm
un bn ngoi m chp cho l ng, ri hun tp thnh
chng t trong tng thc, khi c thn th c n. Nhng
nm un l v thng, thc th su l thc bin chuyn,
nn tng ng do n chp cng c gin on. Tuy vy,
n bm r t lu, nn cng phi ng l v ng thu
o mi dt c.

b. Ng chp phn bit, y l th chp ng ca

thc, n khng cng sanh vi thn mt ln, m phi i
c nghe t gio, c tc phn bit mi chp. Nu khng
c ngoi duyn t gio, khng tc phn bit th khng
chp. Th ny cng c hai :
- Mt l nghe t gio ni nm un hp li l ng,
hay bn i hp li l ng, ri chp ng theo.
- Hai l nghe t gio ni c mt tiu ng, mt linh
hn tn ti ngoi xc thn, ri chp ng theo.
C hai th ng chp phn bit ny th thin d
on tr ; h bit qun l sanh khng (ng khng, nhn
v ng) lc c thy o, th n b dt ngay.
Thc th by duyn hin hnh kin phn thc th
tm m chp ng l mt sai lm, v kin phn l kin
phn ch kin phn khng phi ng. Thc th su
duyn nm un m chp ng cng l mt sai lm, v
nm un l v thng, nm un l khng tht, nh kinh
A-Hm dy : Qun sc nh t mc, th nh thy
thng bo, tng nh dng thi dim, ch hnh nh
ba tiu, ch thc php nh huyn (qun sc un nh
bt nc, th un nh bong bng nc, tng un nh
sng nng, hnh un nh cy chui, (lt ti cng khng
c li), qun thc un nh tr huyn).
6. on ny gii p ba nn vn. Lu nay tin tng
ng l ch t, vnh hng, l kh nng c bn ca mi s
nh, bit, tng, tp v.v... nay nu ni ch c thc khng
c ng, th nhng vic nh, bit, tng, tp v.v... lm sao
c c. Tm tt trong ba nghi vn :
Cu hi th nht lin quan n ba i :
* Nu khng c ng th lm sao nh li vic qu
kh, bit vic hin ti, tng tp vic tng lai ? Vy
phi c mt tht ng thng nht xuyn sut ba i mi
c c cc vic y ?
p : Khng ng. Nu tht c mt ng th
thng nht trc sau khng thay i, khng thm bt,
lc no cng ging nh lc no, th lm sao c cc vic

nh, bit, tng, tp; v nh c khi khng nh, bit c

khi khng bit, tng tp c khi khng tng tp. Hoc
lc no cng c nh bit, tng tp, hoc khng lc no
c nh, bit, tng, tp. Nu cho rng ng th thng
nht ch ng dng v thng bin dch, nn c c
cc vic nh, bit, tng, tp th cng khng ng ; v
dng khng la th, th th no th dng th y, ch sao
dng li khc th c ?
- Cu hi th hai lin quan n vic to nghip th
qu bo :
* Nu khng c ng th ai to nghip, ai chu qu
bo ?
p : Nu chp c tht ng thng nht khng
bin i nh h khng, th lm sao to nghip, chu qu
bo?
- Cu hi th ba lin quan n vic lun hi v Nitbn :
* Nu khng c tht ng th ai lun hi, ci g Nitbn ?
p : Nu chp c mt tht ng thng nht
khng sanh dit nh h khng th cng khng c vic
sanh t lun hi. V khng lun hi th s khng c
Nit-bn; v c lun hi chm dt lun hi m nhp
Nit-bn, nu khng lun hi th chm dt ci chi
nhp Nit-bn ?
Nhng cc loi hu tnh mi mi u c thc tm,
tuy v thng nhng trc sau mt loi tng tc, c
kh nng hun tp cc vic nh, bit, tng, tp, v to
nghip m c th qu, sanh t, Nit-bn. Nh kinh i
Nit-bn dy : S T Hng B-tt bch Pht : Bch
Th Tn ! Chng sanh nm un l khng, khng c g
hin hu, th th ai lnh th gio php, tu tp o
hnh?.
- Pht bo : Thin nam t, ht thy chng sanh
u c nim tm, tu tm, pht tm, tinh tn tm, nh
tm v.v... nhng php nh vy, tuy nim nim sanh

dit, nhng trc sau tng t nhau, tng tc khng

dt, cho nn c vic th gio tu o. V nh ngn n,
tuy nim nim sanh dit, nhng c nh sng ph tr
bng ti. Li v nh chng sanh n, thc n thay i
tng st na m cng lm cho k i c no. Cng v
nh thuc tr bnh, tuy n nim nim thay i cng tr
lnh c bnh. Hoc nh nh sng mt tri mt trng,
tuy nim nim sanh dit cng lm cho cy c tng
trng. Tm chng sanh cng vy, tuy nim nim sanh
dit nhng khng dt, nn c th lm tng trng cc
vic nh, bit, tng, tp v.v..."
7. on ny nu cc li chp php ca ngoi o
ph. Trc ht ph phi s lun chp 25 . S lun
l mt phi trit hc c n ra i trc thi Pht.
S hayTng-kh l dch m ca ch Phn Samkya", do
Kapila (Ca-t-la) xng xut. Nguyn do ng tu thin
nh c kh nng bit c vic tm vn kip v trc,
trc m mt khng bit c. ng cho l Minh
s (cng gi l Minh , minh tnh, t tnh, thng
tnh). T Minh s sanh gic i (hiu bit), gic i
sanh ng tm (ng mn), ng tm sanh ng duy (ng
duy l sc, thanh, hng, v, xc), ng duy sanh ng i
(a, thy, ha, phong, khng), ng i sanh ng tri cn
(nhn, nh, t, thit, thn), ng tri cn sanh ng tc
nghip (ming tay, chn, ng i, ng tiu), ng
tc nghip sanh tm bnh ng cn ( cn), cui cng l
thn ng, cng l 25 (phm tr), cn nguyn ca
mun php.
Vn tnh ca thn ng l "T n suy ngh ti cnh
tt p th dng ; ba c ca trong minh tnh l Tta, Lt- x, p- ma lin hp li to thnh 23 , 25
tr minh tnh v thn ng, cn 23. Khi thn ng th
dng cnh th b rng buc m khng gii thot
c. Nu thn ng chm dt "T", ngha l khng suy
ngh to dng cnh na th c gii thot.
Theo S lun, minh tnh l thng, ba c l

chuyn bin thnh 23 kia, 23 kia do ba c

hp thnh, n l v thng. D thng hay v thng
cng u l php tht c c.
Lun ch da theo li chp ca h nh vy ph
bc, ch cho h bit 25 l khng tht, ch do
vng tnh chp by m thi.
8. on ny ph cc li chp tht php ca phi
Thng lun .
- Thng lun hay V-th-s-ca, l dch t ch Phn
(Vaisesika), ra i khong th k th nht, th hai Ty
lch, do u-Lu-Kh (Uluka, Kanada) xng xut. Hc
thuyt ny c chp thnh kinh V-th-s-ca
(Vaisesika Sutra) theo hc thuyt ny vn vt khng
phi l khi nim tru tng, m l c tht th ; c
qui kt trong su c ngha (su phm tr) cn bn l
Tht, c, Nghip, i hu, ng d, Ha hp.
a.Tht l tht th ca cc php, lm ch da cho
c v Nghip (Th).
b. c l c tng (Tng).
c. Nghip l tc dng (Dng).
d. i hu tnh l tnh c duy nht.
e. ng d tnh l ng v khc gia s vt, t
i vi t l ng, t i vi nc l d, l khc.
g. Ha hip tnh l tnh ha hp lm s vt tr li.
Tht c ngha gm c chn th l t, nc, la,
gi, thi gian, phng hng, ng, .
c c ngha c 24 th l sc, hng, v, xc, s,
lng, tnh nng, tnh hp, tnh la, tnh kia, tnh
y, gic, vui, kh, mun, sn, cn dng, trng tnh,
dch tnh, nhun tnh, hnh, php, phi php, m thanh.
Nghip c ngha c 5 l ly, b, co, dui, hnh
ng.
- i hu c l duy nht.
- ng d tnh c ngha ch mt.
- Ha hip tnh c ngha ch mt.
Tt c u l th dng ca ng. Khi cha gii

thot th b rng buc theo su c ngha , khi gii

thot ri th khng cn n na.
Theo Thng lun, su c ngha l ngun gc, l qui
lut ca mi s sanh thnh bin ha.
Lun ch : Trc ht nu tnh cch thng v
thng, c cht ngi, khng cht ngi trong cc c
ngha ph chung. Tip theo ph tht c ngha, c
nghip c ngha, i hu tnh, ng d tnh, ha hip
tnh, chng u l h di, do vng tnh phn bit bin
ra trn t thc duyn, ch hon ton khng phi hin
hu ngoi thc, cho nn chng khng phi do hin
lng nhn bit, m ch do phi lng nhn thc sai
khc m ba t ra.
9. on ny cn tip ph v php chp. C ngi
chp i T Ti Thin l tht c v l ngun gc sanh
ra vn vt. Hoc chp v Phm Thin, thi gian, phng
hng, bn t, t nhin, h khng, ng vv... l tht c
v l ngun gc sanh ra vn vt. Hoc phi Thanh Minh
lun chp m thanh l tht c thng hng, lm nh
lng din t mi s. Hoc chp cc vi (nh thuyt
Nguyn t ngy nay) l vt th ti hu thng cn bt
bin, lm c bn cho vn vt.
Tt c cc li chp php trn u b Lun ch nu
ra ph v ch cho thy cc li chp y u phi l
khng ng vng.
10. on ny tip ph v php chp ca ngoi
o.Tt c li php chp trn chung li trong bn li
chp : Mt l chp cc php b to sanh vi tnh to
sanh (Minh ) l mt nh S lun. Hai l chp cc
php b to sanh vi tnh to sanh (i hu tnh) khc,
nh Thng lun. Ba l chp cc php b to sanh vi
tnh to sanh cng mt cng khc nh V tm ngoi
o. Bn l chp cc php b to sanh vi tnh to sanh
chng phi mt chng phi khc nh T mng ngoi
o.
Lun ch ch r bn li chp ny u phi l.

Nhng ngi c tr ch nhn lm theo bn li chp

chy li quanh co . Khi cn mang nng vng tnh
chp trc cho mi php u l tht c thng nht, th
ni mt ni khc, ni cng mt cng khc, ni chng
mt chng khc, ni ph nh, ni khng nh, u
khng ng c, ch khng phi nh Pht php ni. Pht
php mi khi ni v chn thng ni l chng phi
tc (chng phi mt) chng phi la (chng phi khc),
cc php hin tng v php tnh chng mt chng
khc, u l nhng li ni Gi (ph nh). Bi ng
c vn php u l duyn sanh v t tnh, nh
huyn, khng tht c, th d c ni n mt, khc, on,
thng, c, khng, u khng ng c (s c). v
s c m ni khng nh th khng ng, m ni ph
nh cng khng ng. Nhng ni khng nh d b hiu
lm, ni ph nh ch thy cc php duyn sanh v
tnh, ph b vng chp th tt hn, nn Pht php
thng dng li ni ph nh (gi thuyn) bng cc ch l
phi, bt, v, ch nu tm gic ng, khng chp trc th
ni th ni phi u khng li. Nh ni cc php vi tnh l
mt, nh sng tc l nc, hoc ni cc php vi php
tnh l khc, nh sng khng phi nc, hoc ni cc
php tnh cng mt cng khc, chng phi mt chng phi
khc, u theo ngha ty duyn bt bin, bt bin ty
duyn, khng phi l li ni hoi nghi, hay quanh co chy
li.
11. on ny ph php chp ca cc b phi Tiu
tha. i tha Duy thc ni ht thy php gm 100
php. B phi Tiu tha ni c 75 php gm : Tm
php c 1, Tm s 46, Sc 11, Bt tng ng hnh 14,
v V vi php c 3, cng thnh 75. Tr Tm v Tm
s, cn Sc php, Bt tng ng hnh php, V vi
php, h u chp cho l tht c ngoi thc. y Lun
ch ln lt ph ba li chp .
Trc ht ph chp sc php l tht c.
Sc c ba loi l sc c i i chng ngi nh

nm cn, nm trn. Sc khng i i chng ngi tc

php trn, v sc hu biu v biu.
Trc ph sc c i i chng ngi l tht c, v
cc cc vi ha hp to thnh n khng tht c. V sao
cc cc vi khng tht c ? V cc vi nu c th cht
chng ngi th n nh bnh, bn l gi ch khng phi
tht ; cn nu cc vi khng c th cht chng ngi th
cc vi nh Tm v Tm s lm sao hp li thnh bnh
bn. Li cc vi nu c v tr trong khng gian, c
phng hng ng Ty Nam Bc, nh cy tr, khi
nh sng chiu pha ng th pha Ty c bng hin ra,
nh vy th cc vi cn c th chia ch ra c. Nu cn
chia ch ra c th khng cn l cc vi ( vt rt nh).
Nh vy cc vi u c tht ?
Hi : Nu khng c sc th ly g lm cn cho nm
thc nng, lm cnh cho nm thc duyn ?
p : Cn cho thc nng, cnh cho thc duyn
ch l cng nng tng phn do sc nhn duyn hun
tp m khi thc sanh th bin hin ra nng v
duyn, ch khng phi do t sc bn ngoi. Khng phi
do hin lng bit c cn tc l cng nng, m ch
do cng nng dn pht ra thc m so snh bit l
cn. V cng ch tng phn bin hin trn thc mi l
s duyn duyn ca nm thc, v tng phn c hai
ngha l c kh nng dn sanh ra thc, v lm i tng
cho thc duyn ; cn cc th khc nh cc vi, cng ch
c th dn pht sanh ra thc, ch thc khng duyn n
cc vi, tng cc vi trn nm thc khng hin ra, ngha
l cc vi i vi nm thc ch c mt ngha l kh nng
dn pht sanh ra, cng nh nhn duyn hay ng v
gin duyn, cng ch c kh nng dn pht ra thc,
khng th gi l s duyn duyn ca nm thc c.
Cho d cc vi ha hp li, t tp li thnh ra bnh, bn,
th nm thc ch duyn thy bnh, bn ch khng duyn
c cc vi. Ngha l khi cc vi ha hp li, t tp li
thnh bnh, bn th ch c mt ngha l lm i tng

cho nm thc duyn nh mt trng th hai, nn cng

khng phi l s duyn duyn ca nm thc.
Ti lui suy xt nh th, thy r cc sc c i ngi
cho n cc vi to ra cc sc u khng tht c, ch
do thc bin hin.
Sc c i ngi ca nm thc khng tht nh vy,
th sc khng i ngi l php trn ca thc duyn,
cng khng tht nh vy.
12. on ny tip ph Tiu tha chp Biu, V
biu sc.
Biu sc l s biu hin bn ngoi ca ng tc ni
thn gi l thn biu nghip, ni ming gi l ng biu
nghip, hay gi l biu sc. Cn nhng ng tc nh
mt nng lc ngm ngm bn trong khng biu hin ra
bn ngoi ni thn gi l thn V biu nghip, hay gi
l V biu sc. Theo Tiu tha chp sc biu, V biu
y l tht c m khng bit rng sc ly g lm thn
biu ? Nu ly bnh lm thn biu th bnh c th phn
tch tc khng tht. Nu ly ng tc lm thn biu, th
ng va sinh lin dit, lm sao thnh ng. V li sc
c loi l hin sc nh xanh vng trng, hnh sc
nh di ngn vung trn, loi khng phi hin khng
phi hnh nh thanh, hng, v, xc. Vy ni thn biu
nghip l sc th n thuc sc no trong ba loi . V
vy nn bit ni thn biu nghip l sc tht c, l
khng ng. Chp c sc ng biu nghip, cng sai nh
th.
Biu sc nh vy th V biu sc cng th, khng
c g gi l sc V biu. Ch da vo T tm s
c kh nng ngn chn thn lm c, ming ni c, m
gi gi l V biu sc, ch khng tht c sc g c.
Trong kinh c Th Tn ni c ba nghip l ch
T tm s (Tm s suy ngh to tc) trong ba giai on.
u tin thm xt suy ngh gi l thm l t ; tip
quyt nh nn hay khng nn v iu thm xt suy
ngh, gi l quyt nh t. Hai t ny ni gi l

nghip, khi n pht ng ra ni thn gi l thn nghip,

pht ng ra ni ming gi l ng nghip, chung hai s
pht ng gi l pht ng t. Ch Pht khng ni
ba nghip c sc g c.
13. on ny bc Tiu tha chp Bt tng ng
hnh php l tht c. Theo Tiu tha nh c php Bt
ng hnh hp vi php khc m php khc mi thnh
c, phi c ; nh c tng sanh hp li mi thnh
php sanh ; nh c tng tr hp li mi thnh php tr
v.v...
Bt tng ng hnh un. Hnh un gm hai loi,
mt loi tng ng vi tm, mt loi khng tng ng
vi tm. Loi tng ng vi tm l 49 Tm s, tc
trong 51 Tm s, tr Th v Tng hai un, cn li 49
Tm s thuc hnh un. Loi khng tng ng vi tm
gm c 14 th (i tha c 24 Bt tng ng hnh) l
c, phi c, chng ng phn, v tng qu, v tng
nh, dit tn nh, mng cn, sanh, tr, d, dit, danh,
c, vn thn. 14 th ny v khng c kh nng hiu bit
nn khng tng ng vi Tm v Tm s ; v khng
cht ngi nn khng tng ng vi sc ; v c sanh dit
nn khng tng ng vi php v vi. Gi chung l 14
php Bt tng ng hnh.
Trc ht lun nu ba l do bc cc php Bt
tng ng hnh l khng tht c :
a. Php Bt tng ng hnh nht nh khng phi
khc vi Sc, Tm, Tm s c tht th, tht dng ring
(tn) ; l v php nhip vo Hnh un (nhn) ; v nh
sc nhip vo sc un tm nhip v thc un (d).
b. Php Bt tng ng hnh nht nh khng phi
tht c (tn), v n khng nhip thuc vo Tm, Tm s
hay V vi php (nhn), v nh vt hon ton khng c
(d).

c. Php Bt tng ng hnh nht nh khng tht

c (tn), v n khng nhip thuc vo tht php no c
(nhn), v nh cc gi php khc (d).
Tip theo, Lun mi bc ring theo by mc : c,
phi c, chng ng phn, mng cn, v tm nh, bn
tng hu vi, danh, c, vn thn, ty min.
Cui cng l bc ba php v vi : H khng v vi,
Trch dit v vi, Phi trch dit v vi ca Tiu tha.
a. H khng v vi - H khng y khng phi ch
khong trng khng, m ch cho tnh khng chng
ngi. Nh c tnh khng chng ngi m php ny
khng qua php kia ; php sanh c sanh, php dit c
dit, khng b chng ngi. Chnh tnh khng chng
ngi ny n khng sanh dit theo php, nn gi l v vi.
Nhng mt khng thy, tay khng chm n c m
ch do phn bit ri hun tp vo bn thc, nn khi
thc bin hin c tng , lm chp cho l c tht.
b. Trch dit v vi - V vi tc l chn nh, l Duy
thc tnh, v b kin t hoc m khng hin by c.
Kin t hoc c nm b. V kin hoc c bn b do m
bn m c. Bn b kin hoc h thy o l T
th dt tr. T hoc mt b, trong ba ci chn a, mi
a li c chn phm t hoc, cng chn a thnh 81
phm t hoc. Nh nng tr tu gin trch m dt
c tng phn mi b mi phm hoc m hin l tng
phn thc tnh chn nh cho nn gi l Trch dit
v vi.
c. Phi trch dit v vi, Chn nh php tnh v vi
vn khng sanh dit, t n l thanh tnh v vi, ch
khng cn nh tr tu gin trch dit hoc mi hin l
nn gi l Phi trch dit. Hoc v duyn b khuyt m
kin t hoc khng sanh ra lm che lp chn nh, nn
chn nh khng b nhim, cng gi l Phi trch
dit v vi.
Kinh ni c H khng v vi v.v... lc c hai th.
Nh lun trong y ni r, cho n do kh lc th

dit m gi l Bt ng dit v vi ; do tng v th un

khng hin hnh m gi l Tng th dit v vi .Tm
li c nm v vi, ch da tnh chn nh m gi lp;
chnh danh t Chn nh cng gi thit t. Hng ngoi
o Tiu tha khng thy l nn chp cho l tht c.
Lun ch bc :
- Cc php m ngoi o v Tiu tha gio chp,
khc vi Tm v Tm s khng c tht tnh ring (tn),
v n l s th tc tng phn (nhn), v nh Tm v
Tm s kin phn (d).
- Tnh tri gic thu nhn tng cc php kia cng
khng duyn c tng cc php ngoi tm (tn),
v nng th tc kin phn (nhn), v nh tnh tri gic
duyn tng phn bn trong (d).
Tng phn s th, kin phn nng th, u t t
chng phn khi ln, ngha l u khng la thc, cho
nn cc php h chp v mt s th hay nng th
u l Duy thc. Ch v khng hiu m chp cho tht
c.
Nhng cc thc Tm v Tm s cng chng phi
tht c (tn), v l Y tha khi (nhn), v nh s huyn
(d).
Thc l php Y tha khi, n hin hu nh cc
duyn, ch thc khng phi l ci g tht c ring ngoi
mi php. Pht v khin tr ci bnh vng chp cho tht
c php c lp vi thc, nn ni duy c thc. Nu li
chp Duy thc l tht c, th khng khc g chp ngoi
cnh, cng l php chp.
on trn l mn thc Y tha khi ph Bin k
s chp, on ny, ni thc l Y tha khi nh huyn,
khng tht, nu chp tht c Duy thc cng thnh php
chp.
Nh vy tn ch ca Php tng Duy thc tht
khng khc g vi tn ch ca Php tnh Chn khng.
Cho nn kinh i Pht nh ni : "Ng nhp Vin
thnh tht, th xa la chp Y tha v Bin k .

(Ht cun mt theo bn Hn )

14. on ny phn bit v php chp. Php chp
c hai l Cu sanh php chp, Phn bit php chp. Cu
sanh li c hai l thng tng tc, v c gin on.
Phn bit cng c hai l duyn t gio ni v un, x,
gii m chp v duyn t gio ni v t tnh v.v... m
chp. Nh trong Lun ging r.
T bt u lun vn n y phn tch ch r
ng v php u khng tht c ; ng v php ch l gi
ni. n y c ngi nghi hoc hi : - Nu khng c
tht ng tht php ngoi thc th gi ng, gi php cng
khng ? V gi phi da ni vic tht, vic tng t v
c tnh chung, mi thnh gi. Nh c la thit, c
ngi t nh la, c c tnh chung gia nhng vic
nh sc mnh lit. La thit c sc mnh lit,
ngi t nh la c sc mnh lit, mi ni ngi kia
ging nh la. Cng vy, nu ng php khng tht c
th da vo u m gi ni, v khng gi ni, vy t
ng t php cng khng thnh, lm sao ni tm chuyn
hin ra t ng t php ?
Lun ch gii thch : Da vo c tnh cng loi
m gi ni th khng ng ; v c tnh sc mnh
lit ni ngi khng cng loi vi c tnh sc
mnh lit c kh nng t chy ni la. Nu ngi c
sc mnh lit nhng khng c kh nng t chy
ging nh la m vn ni ngi nh la, th nc c
sc mnh lit m khng c kh nng t chy nh
la, vy c ni nh la khng ? Khng c. Do gi
ni ngi nh la khng cn da ni c tnh cng
loi ; v gi ni ng php cng vy.
Cn nng ni s tht mi gi ni c, cng
khng ng ; v s tht tc chnh t thn s vt. Tr
phn bit gi i v ngn thuyn u c duyn c t

thn s vt ; th m vn ni vt ny vt kia, l gi
ni, m khng cn da ni s tht.
Vy tng ng php u do thc bin. Phm phu
khng hiu r mi chp cho l tht c. V khin tr
li chp m ni ch gi", ch tng t. Khi
dt ht vng chp ri th gi t cng v ngha.
- Tt c cc on trn l ni v ng php s bin,
thuc Bin k s chp tnh. T y tr i ni v thc
nng bin, thuc y tha khi tnh. n bi tng hai mi
ba, hai mi bn, hai mi lm, ni v ba v tnh, l
thuc v Vin thnh tht tnh. T bi tng hai mi su
cho n bi tng ba mi l ni v qu v tu chng.
15. on ny ni v thc nng bin lc c ba th
l thc D thc, thc T lng, v thc Liu bit cnh
tc su thc trc.
Nng bin c hai :
a. Nhn nng bin, tc nhn bin hin. Tm thc l
php y tha khi. N khng t c, m da vo ng lu
tp kh v D thc tp kh m c, (hai tp kh ny c
gii r trong bi tng th mi chn on sau). Nh
vy tm thc l qu, m hai tp kh l nhn. Do hai tp
kh bin hin ra tm thc, nn gi l Nhn nng bin.
b. Qu nng bin, tc qu bin hin. Tm thc l
qu. Chnh t tm thc th t chng phn bin ra kin
phn tng phn, ri da vo kin tng phn bit
vng chp cho l ng l php, tc hu tnh v tnh. Nh
vy tm thc l qu m bin hin ra cc php, nn gi
l Qu nng bin.
Qu nng bin l tm thc chia lm ba th gi l
ba thc nng bin.
16. Thc nng bin th nht c nh ngha trong
mi cu tng t cu u, A-li-da n A-la-hn b
ht gm c mi hai mc :

a. T tng (tc u A-li-da thc).

b. Qu tng (tc D thc thc).
c. Nhn tng (tc Nht thit chng thc).
d. Khng th bit.
e. S duyn (tc chp th v x).
f. Hnh tng (tc Liu).
g. Tng ng (tc thng cng Tm s Xc v.v...).
h. Th (tc x th).
i. Ba tnh (tc tnh v ph v k).
k. Tm s l Tm vng (tc Tm s cng nh
vy).
l. Nhn qu php d (tc hng chuyn nh dng
nc).
m. Phc on v (tc A-la-hn v x b).
Thc l php y tha khi, l duyn sanh, cho nn n
c nhiu mt lin h, nhiu tnh cch sai khc nh th.
Di y ln lc gii thch cc mc y.
Thc nng bin th nht c tn l A-li-da, dch
Tng thc, gm ba ngha l nng tng, s tng, ng
i chp tng. Thc th tm c kh nng cha nhm v
duy tr cc chng t thin, c, hu vi, v vi, hu lu, v
lu, nn ni l nng tng. Li n l ch b cc chng t
dn cha vo nn ni l s tng. Li n l ch m loi
hu tnh a chp lm t ng, nn gi l ng i chp
tng.
Tng thc l t tng ca thc th tm, gm c
tnh nhn qu, thnh t tng. Tng thc v d nh mt
ng vt, cha mi th tt c, xu c. vt li
cng t ng vt m ra. V vt g cng cha vo
ng vt. Khng c vt th khng c ng vt
; khng c ng vt th khng c vt. vt v
ng vt lm nhn duyn nhn qu cho nhau m
hin hu. vt c thay i ch ng vt khi no
cng vn c, chng qua khi cha vt nh th gi l
ng nh, khi cha vt sch th gi l ng

vt sch th thi. Tng thc cng vy, khng c chng

t cc php th khng c Tng thc ; khng c Tng
thc th khng c chng t cc php. Tng thc v
chng t cc php lm nhn duyn nhn qu cho nhau.
y l ngha ca cu Tng thc v cc php tp nhim
lm duyn cho nhau.
Thc nng bin th nht li c tn l D thc. C
ba ngha. Mt l bin d nhi thc, tc t nhn ti qu
trc sau bin i hnh thi m thnh thc, nu c
nguyn trng khng thay i th khng thnh thc c.
Hai l D thi nhi thc, tc nhn trc qu sau, khc
thi gian mi thnh thc. Ba l D loi nhi thc, tc
khc loi m thnh thc, loi tc l tnh. Trong nhn c
thin tnh c tnh m trong qu th ch l tnh v k.
Nhn thin c m qu v k, khc tnh loi m thnh
thc. V d t nc to thnh ci bnh. t l t,
nc l nc, khc nhau nhng khi to thnh ci bnh,
ci bnh l v k, khng phi t khng phi nc.
Chng sanh cng vy khi to nghip nhn c thin c
nhng khi hp c nghip nhn thin c y to thnh mt
bo thn ci Ngi hoc ci A-tu-la v.v... th chnh
bo thn y l v k, khng phi thin c. Chnh tng
bo thn ca mi loi gi l chn D thc, do dn
nghip a n. T tng bo thn chn D thc y bao
gm cc th sai khc, hin hnh ra c kh c vui, c tt
c xu, lnh, d v.v... khc nhau gi l D thc sanh, do
mn nghip chiu cm n. Thc D thc l qu tng
ca thc nng bin th nht. Nu l nhn tng ca
thc nng bin th nht th gi l Nht thit chng.
17. on ny ni v Nht thit chng thc, tc ni
v nhn tng ca thc nng bin th nht.
Chng t l g ? L nhng cng nng, nng lc,
qun tnh, l ht ging cha trong Tng thc, h gp
duyn th khi dy, xut hin, gi l hin hnh cc
tng php n php kia. Chng t l nhn, hay nhn
php, khi hin hnh ra tng php n php kia l qu,

hay qu php, nhn php no hin ra qu php y khng

ln xn ; v nh ht ging m sanh ra cy m, ging
u sanh ra cy u, chng t thin sanh ra thin, chng
t c sanh ra c, chng t tr sanh ra tr, chng t ngu
sanh ra ngu v.v..., bt c chng t g cng u c hai
loi :
Mt l cu sanh, tc loi c sn trong Tng thc t
bao gi. H c thn sanh ra l c n cng sanh. Do
m tr s sanh d cha bit g ht nhng khng phi l
n khng c tham, sn, si, hoc khng c nhng tnh
tt. Da vo m ni ngi mi sanh tnh vn lnh
hay vn c, hay vn khng lnh khng c.
Hai l loi phn bit. Loi chng t ny khi sanh ra
cha c, v sau tip xc vi hon cnh tt hoc xu,
hoc khn hoc di, phn bit theo hon cnh m lu
ngy thnh thi quen, tc l chng t.
D chng t cu sanh hay phn bit cng u c
hai tnh l hu lu gm nhng chng t c, thin v
hu ph v k, v v lu tc nhng chng t thin hon
ton trong sch pht xut t tnh v ng. Cn chng t
c, thin, hu ph v k l v pht xut t tnh chp ng
nn gi l hu lu.
Chng t cn c tn l Ty min, v n thng
theo di chng sanh, ngm ng yn trong Tng thc,
nhn bn ngoi tng khng c, nhng gp duyn th n
ni dy.
Chng t gi l tp kh, v n l kh phn, l hi
hm do tp nhim m thnh.
Chng t cng gi l th trng, v tnh n th kch
trm trng, v khng kham ni mt trch nhm g (tnh
khng kham nhm).
Khi gi chng t l Ty min, Tp kh, Th trng,
Tnh khng kham nhm, u l ch cho chng t hu
lu, ch khng phi ni chng t v lu.
Chng t d hu lu, v lu, chng u nng
thc D thc, nhng khi chng t cha hin hnh, cn

tim n trong thc D thc th n ng tnh v k vi

thc D thc ; tri li chng t v lu d nng thc D
thc nhng trc sau vn l thin.
- Tt c chng t u vn c hay mi sanh ? C ba
loi kin. C kin cho chng t ch l vn c sn.
C loi kin cho chng t ch mi hun tp sanh. C
loi kin cho chng t u c c th vn c, v th
mi sanh. Hoc vn c nhng cng phi do hun tp
mi ln mnh pht sanh. kin th ba ng nht.
- C ngi dn Kinh ni : Tm tnh vn tnh, do
khch trn phin no lm nhim ch trng
chng t v lu l vn c ch khng phi mi sanh ni th cng khng ng, v ngi khng c chng t
v lu vn c th mi mi h khng thnh bc Thnh
hay sao ? V d c chng t v lu vn c, cng phi
nh nghe php, suy ngh, tu tp, c hun tp lu ngy
lm cho chng t v lu ln mnh mi sanh c. Nu
khng th n khng th sanh.
C kin li ni do hai chng l phin no
chng v s tri chng c hay khng m ni chng t
v lu c hay khng. Ni th cng khng ng, v nu
khng c chng t v lu th ly g dt hai chng
y.
Nhng phi c su ngha (tnh cch) ny mi
thnh chng t c, l st-na dit, qu cu hu,
hng ty chuyn, tnh quyt nh, i chng duyn, dn
t qu ; v phi do hun tp mi thnh chng t. Hun
tp ngha l xng p, tp nhim ; v phi c hai bn
mi thnh hun tp. Tc l mt bn b hun, chu hun,
v mt bn nng hun, c kh nng xng p ; nh mt
bn tr, mt bn hoa. p hoa vo tr, mi thm ca
hoa xng qua tr lm cho tr tr nn thm. Th gi l
hun tp. y cng vy, mt bn Tng thc l s hun,
b hun, mt bn l by thc trc l nng hun, c kh
hun. Bn no cng phi c bn tnh cch (ngha)
mi thnh s hun hay nng hun.

Bn tnh cch ca s hun l tnh kin tr, tnh v

k, tnh kh hun, tnh cng ha hp vi nng hun.
Bn tnh cch ca nng hun l tnh sanh dit, c
tc dng mnh, c thm bt, cng s hun ha hp
chuyn bin.
Trong tm thc, ch c Tng thc c bn ngha
s hun nn lun lun ch Tng thc l s hun, ch
by chuyn thc khng c, cng nh Tng thc
khng th l nng hun.
Ngc li ch c by chuyn thc trc l nng
hun, ch Tng thc khng th l nng hun c ;
cng nh khng bao gi by chuyn thc l s hun.
18. on ny ni v hnh tng v s duyn ca
thc nng bin th nht. Hnh tng l tng hnh
ng ca n. Tng hnh ng ca thc nng bin th
nht l g ? L Liu bit, nhn bit, tc l kin phn.
Kin phn c nm loi :
a. Chng kin gi l kin - Tc cn bn tr chng
ng chn nh.
b. Chiu kin gi l kin - Tc nm cn v tm
chiu cnh.
c. Nng duyn gi l kin - Tc l kin phn, t
chng phn, chng t chng phn.
d. Nim gii gi l kin - Tc nh ngh gii liu
cc ngha l .
. Suy t gi l kin - Tc suy lun so snh.
Trong , tr sc cn, t chng phn, chng t chng
phn cn li u thuc kin phn.
- S duyn ca thc nng bin th nht l g ? L
x, chng t, v cn thn. Trong chng t v cn
thn hai th c thc th tm ly lm s duyn, v
chp th lm t th, duy tr khng mt, ng an nguy
vi n.
Hnh tng liu bit l nng duyn l kin phn
ca thc; cn s duyn l tng phn ca thc.

Tng phn gm c nm :
a. Tht tng gi l tng - Tc l tnh chn nh,
tht tnh ca mi php
b. Cnh tng hay th tng gi l tng - Tc l
tng t thn ca mi php i hin trc cn v thc.
c. Tng trng gi l tng - Tc l tng trng
ca cc php hu vi, di, ngn, vung, trn, ln, nh,
, vng v.v...
d. Tng mo gi l tng - Tc l dng mo i,
ng, nm, ngi, co dui.
. Ngha tng gi l tng - Tc l c tnh,
thuc tnh ca mi php xu, tt, thng, v thng, v
ng v.v...
V d nh mt trng. Tht tng ca mt trng l
th no? Khng th bit c. Tht tng ca mt trng
l v tng chn nh, v s c, ch bit bng tr gic
ng ch khng th bit bng thc. Cnh tng hay th
tng ca mt trng l th no ? Chnh t thn mt
trng hin trc mt ta . Tng trng ca mt trng
l th no ? L tng trn, mo, sng, m . Tng
mo ca mt trng l th no ? Chnh s di chuyn cao
thp ca n . Ngha tng ca mt trng l th no ?
L p, xu, thng, v thng v.v...
Tng phn c tng phn ring. Nh chng t v
cn thn do nghip ring (bit nghip) ca mi hu tnh
t bin ra. V tng phn chung (cng tng) nh kh
th gii (x) do nghip chung (cng nghip) ca cc
hu tnh chung bin ra.
Nhng bin c hai cch l phn bit bin v nhn
duyn bin. Phn bit bin l do vng tnh in o
phn bin bin ra. Nh khi vui thy cnh vui, khi bun
thy cnh bun, khi a khen p, khi ght ch xu v.v...
Hoc nh thc th by duyn thc th tm, chp lm
ng v nh nm tm s Bin hnh ca thc th tm
bin ra cnh m duyn ; hon ton l o tng khng c

cn c. Nhn duyn bin l do vng tnh da ni tng

phn, kin phn. Khng phi ng m cho l ng ; khng
phi php m cho l php ; khng phi hu tnh v tnh
m chp hu tnh v tnh ; khng phi sc tm m chp
l sc tm. C hun tp mi cc danh tng vo tng
thc, lu ngy thnh chng t, tc l thi quen c hu
lu i, nn khi gp duyn th hin ra, nhn u cng
thy c ng v php. Th gii mun hnh vn trng u
l nhng tng ng php theo cch nhn , kh m
thay i c.
- Tng phn l mt trong bn phn ca thc. i
vi thc Tm vng, Tm s, theo Lun s An Hu
ch trng ch c mt phn l phn T chng ; cn
Lun s Nan- th ch trng c hai phn l Kin v
Tng. Lun s Trn-na th ch trng c ba phn l
Kin, Tng v T chng phn. T chng phn l t
th ca thc ; Kin phn, Tng phn l tng dng
ca thc. Li Kin phn lng bit Tng phn. Vy
ci g lng bit Kin phn nu khng c T chng
phn? C nng lng s lng tc phi c lng qu.
Nh thc o vi, thc l Kin phn nng lng ; vi
l Tng phn s lng. Vy thc o vi kt qu c
bao nhiu lm sao bit, nu khng c ngi th ba (?)
T chng phn cng nh ngi th ba, kt qu ca s
lng bit. Nhng Lun s H Php li ch trng c
bn phn, ly l s nhn bit ca thc c khi trc tip
bit, l hin lng; c khi gin tip bit, l t
lng. Nhng c khi trc tip bit sai, gin tip bit sai,
th l phi lng. - Kin phn bit Tng phn c khi
hin lng, c khi t lng, c khi phi lng. Trong khi
T chng phn ch bit bng hin lng. T chng
phn bit Kin phn, vy ci g chng bit T chng
phn (?) Bi Kin phn chng bit T chng phn
khng c, v Kin phn c khi phi lng, m T
chng phn l t th ca thc, lun lun l hin lng,
lm sao Kin phn chng bit c ? Vy phi c phn

th t l Chng t chng phn chng bit t chng

phn, v ngc li T chng phn ; chng bit chng
T chng phn, v hai phn ny ng l hin lng bit.
Nhng ni mt cch rt ro th bn phn ch l
tng i. C th gom phn th t vo phn th ba m
ch c ba phn ; hoc li gom phn th hai m ch c
hai phn, li Kin, Tng hai phn vn khng t th m
phi da vo mt tm, mt chn php gii lm t th,
ly th mt tm m bao dung tc dng, th dng khng
khc th, nn c th ni Nht sc nht hng v phi
Trung o v nh vy, d ni Duy thc, hay ni Duy
sc, Duy hng u c.
19. on ny ni thc A-li-da ch tng ng vi
nm Bin hnh tm s v x th.
Nm Bin hnh tm s l xc, tc , th, tng, t.
Nm tm s ny c bn s bin khp l bin
khp ht thy tnh, tc thin, c, v k ; bin khp ht
thy a, tc khp c trong chn a, ba ci ; bin khp
ht thy thi, bt c khi no tm khi l c nm Tm
s ny cng khi ; bin khp ht thy Tm vng. D
tm thc Tm vng cng khi ln th cng u c
nm Tm s ny ng khi, cho n khi c
chuyn thc thnh tr vn c nm Tm s ny tng
ng.
Nm Tm s ny c hnh tng khc vi thc, v
thc Tm vng ly liu bit lm hnh tng ; cn xc
th ly s xc i gia cn, trn, thc, lm hnh tng;
tc ly s cnh tnh lm hnh tng ; th ly s lnh
np cnh lm hnh tng ; tng ly s chp th nh
tng lm hnh tng ; T ly s to tc lm hnh
tng. Song c nm i vi thc c bn s ng ngang
nhau nn ni l Tm tng ng. Bn s ng nhau, tc
Tm vng, Tm s, u c t th ring nh nhau ; s
duyn nh nhau, tc Tm vng, Tm s ng duyn
mt cnh, ng mt lc duyn cnh, v ng nng
mt cn chung.

D nm Tm s ny lun lun tng ng thc Ali-da nhng n khng th c kh nng th hun (chu
s hun tp) nh A-li-da.
A-li-da cng ch tng ng vi x th, v tnh
lun lun l v ph, v k. Ngha l n khng c ng
tnh, ch c thc th by lm chp n lm ng, ch t
n khng phi l ng nn mi tip nhn tt c nhng g
do by chuyn thc hun tp vo. Nu n c ng tnh
chc n c phn bit chn th ny b th kia, khng th
tip nhn ht mi s hun tp vo. V cng v vy Ali-da khng c cc Tm s thin, c, nhim tng
ng.
20. on ny ni A-li-da l trung tm ca l nhn
duyn nhn qu.
A-li-da ging nh ging nc thng hng, m
chuyn bin, khng phi on, khng phi thng, ch
trong mt st na m gm c sanh, dit, nhn, qu ; v
nh hai u qu cn cao thp cng lc. Hai u qu cn
d cho nhn qu, cao thp d cho sanh dit. Sanh dit
nhn qu ng mt ch cng trong mt st na hin
ti. Ngay trong hin ti trng v qu kh ni hin ti l
qu, trng v tng lai ni hin ti l nhn, c theo
qu hin ti ni qu kh l nhn. Th thi mun vn c
kip trc vn nh ngy nay, tng nhn ch l
tng tng t in nh c, do thc bin ra, ch qu kh
qua, thc no c trc tip bit thu. Hoc c theo
nhn hin ti m ni qu tng lai, thi v lng kip
sau cng trc mt, ch do thc bin hin tng t
nh c qu tng lai, ch qu tng lai cha c, thc
u c thc s duyn n. Do vy C c ni : V

bin st hi t tha bt cch mao oan, thp th c kim

thy chung bt ly ng nim (mun vn th gii t
tha chung trn u si lng, mi i kim c thy
chung ch trong mt nim).
Tn Cnh lc ni : Qu kh v lai v th, do st
na hun tp, u thuc hin ti. Chnh ngay khi vng
nim hin ti khi ln, tri vi chn tnh, gi l thc s
khi, ch chng phi c thc s khi no trong qu
kh. Cho nn bit ngang trm ht mi ni, dc sut ht
mi thi, u ngay trong mt nim hin ti.
c theo hin ti, thc bin ra tng nhn qu
kh, tng qu tng lai ; trc sau sanh dit, u l
gi thit t, ch khng tht c. Th nhng cc b phi
khc li cho nhn qu sanh dit u tht c, c php
lm nhn, c php lm qu, c sanh tht, c dit tht.
u l m lm chp php ch khng ng o l rt
ro.
21. on ny ni s x b thc A-li da, v ni cc
tn khc ca thc th tm.
A-li-da l Tng thc gm c nng tng, s tng,
ng i chp tng. Trong ng i chp tng l u mi
ca m lm, pht sanh phin no, to nghip, chu lun
hi sanh t. Vy khi no dt ht ng i chp tng l b
tn A-li-da. (Ch khng phi x b thc th tm).
Ba a v v hc ca Thanh vn, Duyn gic, Btt, dt ht phin no chng, b ng i chp tng, nn
ba a v ny khng cn c tn A-li-da.
Ngha l a v A-la-hn, c-gic Pht v Btt t bt a tr ln u b tn A-li-da, v khng
cn chp ng.
Thc th ch c mt, theo ngha m t ra nhiu
tn, ty mi a v ny m b tn ny nhn tn khc ch
khng phi b tn l b lun c th. V chng t cc
php nu khng phi l hu lu th l v lu, lc no
cng c, nu khng c thc th th tm duy tr th

cc chng t kia tiu mt, tr thnh on dit, cho nn

khi no cng c thc th th tm duy tr cc chng
t, v khng tr thnh on dit. Thc th th tm lun
lun c nhng thay i tn gi ty theo s thay i tnh
cht. Khi qut c hai a v nhim v tnh r rt. a
v nhim tc a v hu lu th gi l A-li-da hoc D
thc, n tng ng vi nm tm s Bin hnh. a v
tnh tc a v v lu, chuyn thc thnh tr, th gi
l v cu thc, cng gi l bch tnh thc, n tng ng
vi hai mi mt Tm s l nm Bin hnh, nm Bit
cnh v mi mt thin.
Cn cc tn Tm, A--na, s tri y, Chng t thc
th tm th c cc a v nhim tnh u c, v ch
tng ng vi nm tm s Bin hnh.
22. on ny ly Thnh gio chng minh ngoi
by chuyn thc, c thc th tm.
Mt l dn kinh gio chng minh gm c ba
kinh i tha v bn kinh Nikay A-hm thuc cc b
phi hnh tr.
a. Kinh i tha A-t-t-ma c hai bi k, mt
bi bt u cu V thy thi lai gii... n Cp Nitbn chng c. Mt bi bt u cu : Do nhip tng
ch php... n "Thng gi ng khai th.
b. Kinh Gii Thm Mt mt bi k bt u cu :
"A--na thc thm thm t... n Khng b phn bit
chp vi ng.
c. Kinh Nhp Lng Gi mt bi k bt u cu:
"Nh hi ng phong duyn... n Hin tin tc dng
chuyn.
Tip l dn li bn Kinh thuc cc b phi hnh
tr :
a. Trong kinh A-cp-ma (A-hm thuc i chng
b c mt ni : Thc cn bn. Nn bit thc cn
bn y l ch cho thc th tm ny, ch khng th ch
cho thc no hay php no khc c

b. Kinh v Phn bit lun gi thuc Thng ta b

cng mt ni n tn Hu phn thc. Nn bit cng
ch thc th tm ny ch khng thc no khc, hay
php no khc.
c. Trong kinh thuc Ha a b cng c mt ni
n tn : Cng sanh t un. Nn bit cng ch thc
th tm mi i n tn cng ngn m sanh t (tc bt
u Nit-bn gii thot), ch khng thc no c nh
vy.
d. Kinh Tng Nht thuc Nht thit hu b cng
mt ni n tn : A-li-da. Nn bit ch thc th
tm c tn y, ch khng thc no c c.
Hai l dn l ngha c ni trong Kinh lm
chng c A-li-da, c mi l :
a. Kinh ni n Tm tp khi.
b. Kinh ni n Tm D thc.
c. Kinh ni n Ch th ca ba ci, nm th, bn
loi sanh.
d. Kinh ni n C thc chp gi v lnh th thn
cn.
. Kinh ni n Th, Non, Thc
e. Kinh ni n Tm trong khi sanh v trong khi
cht.
g. Kinh ni n Hnh duyn thc, thc duyn
danh sc.
h. Kinh ni n Bn cch n trong c thc
thc.
i. Kinh ni n Dit tn nh vn c thc.
k. Kinh ni n Tm thanh tnh, Tm tp nhim.
Nu khng c thc th tm gii thch cho ch
Tm, ch Thc v cc vic ni trong Kinh nh trn, th
khng bit ly g gii thch thch ng cc ngha
trong li Kinh .
Trn va ni trong mi hai nhn duyn c thc
duyn danh sc, danh sc duyn thc, hnh duyn thc,

thc y l thc no ? Nu ni thc y l chuyn thc

th khng c, v chuyn thc c sanh dit gin on
khng th th hun tr chng t. Hnh l hnh ng,
nghip, thc y l D thc qu thc. Thc th tm do
hnh ng hun tp thnh chng t nghip lc lm
chuyn bin thc th tm thnh D thc thc. D thc
thc hnh thnh l do hnh. Vy nu khng c thc th
tm duy tr chng t nghip ca hnh hun tp, th
chng t tiu tan, ly g m lm duyn sanh danh
sc. Vy chnh chng t thc D thc v chng nghip
do hnh hun tp thnh, chung li gi l thc chi. V
chnh thc chi ny lm duyn cho danh sc. Cn nu
ni hnh duyn thc m thc l thc kit sanh nhim
th cng khng c. Thc kit sanh nhim l thc
trong tham i, tt trong lc i tm duyn cha m
th sanh. N l i, tng, thuc phin no, ch khng
thuc nghip. Vy ni hnh duyn thc l thc kit
sanh nhim cng khng c. Nu hnh lm duyn
danh sc th cng khng c, v hnh v danh sc gin
cch nhau u c th lm duyn c. V nu hnh lm
duyn danh sc c th mt ht th t mi hai nhn
duyn.
Lun Du Gi S a ghi :
Hi : V sao v minh duyn hnh, hnh duyn
danh sc v.v... c th lp nh vy ?
p : V k ngu trc ht l ngu i vi iu ng
phi hiu ng, hiu r (v minh) t pht sinh hnh
ng t c (hnh), do hnh ng t c lm cho tm in
o ; thc do tm in o nn kit sanh tng tc
(danh sc bo thai); do kit sanh tng tc nn cc cn
y (lc, nhp, xc) ; do cc cn y nn th
dng cnh (th) ; do th dng cnh nn m trc, hy
cu (i); do hy cu nn tm cu, phin no ln mnh
(th) ; do phin no ln mnh pht khi nghip ng a
khng ng a i sau (hu); do nghip lc ln mnh
nn sanh qu kh trong nm th (sanh); kh qu

sanh nn c gi cht (lo t); ni thn gi cht kh,

ngoi cnh bin i sanh u su nhit no kh. (Thnh
i kh t).
Nh th hnh khng th vt b thc trc
tip lm duyn cho danh sc, th cc chi sau cng th,
khng th b bng th lp m lm duyn cho chi khc
c.
Li chng sanh c khi hu lu nhim, c khi v
lu thanh tnh, khi a v hu lu, phi c thc th
tm th mi thnh hnh lm duyn. Tc th khi a
v thanh tnh cng phi c thc th tm duy tr chng t
v lu mi thnh thanh tnh cc bc Thnh c. Nu
khng c thc th tm th khng c g duy tr chng t
v lu, m khng c chng t v lu th khng th tu
nhn gii thot, chng qu Nit-bn. Khng th ni
chng t hu lu sanh ra chng t o v lu xut th
c.
Php thanh tnh tc php tu chng ca ba Hin
mi Thnh. C ba th khc nhau : - mt l o th
gian, tc ch cc php tu tp trc khi ln Thp a ; hai
l o xut th gian, tc cc php tu tp Thp a ; ba
l on qu l kt qu dt tr m hoc do tu hai o
trn. Nu khng c thc th tm duy tr chng t o
th gian, chng t o xut th gian, th tu g mt ny,
khng c chng t tc khng c nhn, khng c nhn
th khng sanh qu, khng gii thot khi m lm kh
au. Nh khi ang tu o th gian v T thin T
khng, li tu qun v ng. Khi nhp qun v ng l
tu o xut th gian, khi xut qun v ng tr li T
thin T khng, th l tr li o th gian. Khng th
ni t o th gian sanh ra o xut th gian hay t o
xut th gian sanh ra o th gian c. em tm cn
hu ng th gian m nghe Chnh php hun tp thnh
chng t v lu xut th gian, th l hun trng ch
khng phi hun sanh. V tm hu lu nghe php ch
gip cho chng t v lu sn c c ln mnh on

ht phin no m c gii thot ch khng phi n

lm sanh ra chng t v lu, ngc li cng vy.
23. Thc T lng nng bin th hai c nh
ngha trong mi hai cu tng, t cu thc nng bin
th hai... n cu xut th o, khng cn. Gm c
mi mc :
a. Thch tn (tc hai cu u).
b. S y (tc nng kia chuyn).
c. S duyn (tc tr li duyn kia).
d. Th tnh (tc t lng lm tnh).
. Hnh tng (tc thm l t lng).
e. Nhim cu (tc bn phin no).
g. D tng ng (tc xc khc thy).
h. Tam tnh (tc hu ph v k).
i. Gii h (tng sanh theo A-li-da).
k. Phc on (tc hai cu tng cht).
Lun vn ln lt gii thch mi mc .
24. on ny gii thch danh t (Mt-na). c
ngha l hng thng thm xt t lng nn gi l .
N khc vi thc ch thc ny gi l Mt-na hay
thc, l t tn theo li tr nghip. Tc cn c c tnh
kh nng m t tn ; do tnh thm xt t lng ca n
m gi n l thc. Ngha l thc tc , ging nh tn
Tng thc, l t tn theo li tr nghip. Thc c kh
nng cha nhm gi l Tng. Tng tc thc, nn gi l
Tng thc. Ly c tnh ca chnh n m t tn cho
n, ch khng phi da vo ci khc t tn. Nh
nhn thc l da nhn cn m t tn nhn thc. y l
cch t tn theo li y ch.
25. on ny gii thch ch nng kia chuyn
ca bi tng. Kia l ch cho thc th tm. C hai kin
: mt l Mt-na ch nng chng t ca n trong thc
th tm m khi ln, hai l Mt-na nng c chng t
ca n trong thc th tm v ng thi nng c hin
thc th tm m khi ln. th hai ng hn. V Mt-

na l thc c chuyn dch, khi c Thnh o khi ln

th n chuyn nhim thnh tnh.
Nhng Mt-na cng nh Tm, Tm s khc u c
ba ch nng : mt l nhn duyn y tc chng t y ; hai
l Tng thng duyn y tc Cu hu y ; ba l ng v
gin duyn y tc Khai o y.
Trc ht ni v chng t y. C hai kin. Mt
kin cho rng chng t v hu qu khng ng thi,
chng t dit ri th hin qu mi sanh ; nh ht ging
dit mi c mm sanh. kin th hai cho chng t v
hin qu ng thi ; ging nh ngn la v tim n
ng thi. Tc l tim n sanh ngn la, ngn la t
chy tim n. Tim n sanh ngn la l th d chng t
sanh hin hnh ; la t chy tim n l th d hin
hnh hun chng t ; nu tim n gi trc trng n
tim n gi sau l th d chng t dn chng t ; ngn
la gi trc trng n ngn la gi sau l th d hin
hnh dn hin hnh. Trong chng dn chng thuc
nhn duyn y, nhng khng ng thi ; cn chng sanh
hin, hin hun chng cng thuc nhn duyn y, nhng
l ng thi ; ch c hin dn hin l thuc ng v
gin duyn y, v khng ng thi.
Th n l Cu hu y. C bn kin khc nhau
nhng kin th t l ng nht.
Cui cng l Khai o y. C ba kin. kin th
nht cho rng nm thc trc v b gin on nn khng
th t lm Khai o y cho mnh, phi nh thc th su
lm Khai o y. kin th hai cho rng ch Pht khi
c t ti ri nm thc h dng vn lm Khai o y
cho nhau c ; v ni Pht lun lun c tm nhm vn
quyt nh, ch khng c tm tm cu nh cc chng
sanh khc.
Nn bit khi tm duyn n s vt c nm hnh
tng (trng thi) l :
a. Xut nh tm, khi gp cnh vt khi ln.
b. Tm cu tm, tm cu t n cnh .

c. Quyt nh tm, thm tri cnh r rng quyt

nh.
d. Nhim tnh tm, i vi cnh hoc a hoc
chn, sanh tm nhim tnh.
. ng lu tm, nim nim duyn cnh trc
sau lin tc. Nm thc trc ch c bn tr tm tm
cu, v nm thc trc ch c t tnh phn bit, ch
khng c ty nim v k t phn bit. Thc th su th
nm tm. Thc th by ch c ba tm l quyt nh,
nhim tnh, ng lu. V thc th by thng duyn
cnh hin ti nn khng c tm sut nh v tm cu.
Thc th tm th c ba tng l sut nh, quyt nh,
ng lu. Sut nh y l ch thc th tm khi mi th
sanh.
kin th ba mi l ng, nh trong Lun ni r.
Hai kin u l ca Nan- v An-Hu, cho tm thc
trng nhau p i lm Khai o y cho nhau, cn kin
th ba l ca H Php cho rng tm thc, mi t loi
nim trc lm Khai o y cho nim sau.
26. on ny ni v cnh s duyn ca Mt-na.
Cnh s duyn ca Mt-na chia lm hai giai on.
Giai on cha chuyn y, v giai on chuyn y.
- Giai on cha chuyn y. C bn kin :
a. Nan- ch trng Mt-na duyn Tm vng,
Tm s thc th tm lm cnh.
b. Ha Bin ch trng Mt-na duyn kin phn,
tng phn Tm vng thc th tm lm cnh. Duyn
kin phn chp lm ng, duyn tng phn chp lm
ng s.
c. An Hu ch trng Mt-na duyn hin hnh v
chng t thc th tm lm cnh. Duyn hin hnh chp
lm ng, duyn chng t chp lm ng s.
d. H Php ch trng Mt na ch duyn hin hnh
kin phn thc th tm lm cnh, v chp lm ng. Ng
v ng s khng phi c hai cnh ring bit, khng th

la ng c ng s m ch c mt ng kin din dch ra

ng v ng s, ch khng phi hai th ring bit nhau.
Mt-na duyn thc th tm chp lm ng, ri li chp
l ng ca ta, ng ca ng m thnh ng s thi.
- Giai on chuyn y : Mt-na chuyn thnh
Bnh ng tnh tr, chng c mi tnh Bnh ng,
th khng ch duyn Tng thc m cng duyn chn
nh v ht thy php. Nh bit r tri gi ca B-tt
Thp a sai khc nh th no, m khi hin thn hin
tha th dng thuyt php gio ha. gi l
Nh Lai hin khi tha th dng, Thp a B-tt s b
c.
Kinh Pht a ni mi th Bnh ng tnh nh
sau :
a. Cc tng Tng thng h lc bnh ng.
b. Ht thy lnh th duyn khi bnh ng.
c. Xa la d tng phi tng bnh ng.
d. i t hong t bnh ng.
. i t khng ch i bnh ng.
e. Th hin theo s lc ca hu tnh bnh ng.
g. Ni ng i ca hu tnh bnh ng.
h. Th gian ng mt v tch tnh bnh ng.
i. Php kh lc ca th gian nht v bnh ng.
k. Tu trng v lng cng c rt ro bnh
ng.
Mt-na t thc bt sanh li duyn thc bt
ging nh thc nim sau t thc nim trc sanh li
duyn thc nim trc. Nh vy khi Mt-na ly thc
th tm lm ch nng l Tng thng duyn ; khi
ly thc th tm lm cnh s duyn, l S duyn
duyn.
Mt-na ly t lng lm t tnh v hnh tng ca
mnh.
27. Mt-na thng tng ng vi bn th Tm s
l ng si, ng kin, ng mn, ng i. Do Mt-na c bn

th phin no qu ti li ny, nn d c tu su hnh

nh b th, tr gii v.v... vn khng vong tng, vn
thnh hu lu, cho nn gi l tp nhim. Nu mun gii
thot, trc phi sing nng qun l v ng, tr ht
bnh vng chp mi gii thot c. Song bnh chp
ng ca thc Mt-na thuc loi cu sanh rt vi t, rt
kh dit tr. T n khng th qun v ng, phi nh
thc th su c Tm s Chnh tu tng ng mi qun
st ng n l v ng, hun tp chng t kin gii v
ng vo Tng thc, t bi cho chng t v lu v ng
vn c, c pht trin mnh ln cho n khi thnh
thc, c tht tr v lu hin tin, ri dng tr y nhiu
ln tu qun sau mi c th dt sch bn th phin
no y.
Ti sao Mt-na khng t qun v ng m phi nh
thc qun ? V khi ang m, ngha l khi cha
chuyn y, Mt-na m lm rt trm trng, khng t ng
dy c. V li chnh thc tuy b Mt-na ly nhim,
nhng thc c tip xc bn ngoi v tr li bi dng
Mt-na. Nu n bi dng nhng iu nhim th ng
chp ca Mt-na cng su m bn chc thm ; cn nu
n nghe c gio l v ng, ri qun v ng th Matna mt s bi dng ng, tri li lm cho ng chp ca
Mt-na bin dn i cho n khi tiu mt ; chuyn
thnh tr bnh ng tnh, by gi n li lun lun tng
ng vi hai mi mt Tm s nh A-li-da.
Ngoi bn phin no ny, Mt-na cn tng ng
vi phin no no na khng ? i vic ny c nm
loi kin :
a. Ch trng n khng cn tng ng vi Tm s
no na ht.
b. Ch trng n tng ng vi mi lm Tm s.
Tc l bn cn bn phin no, nm Bin hnh, thm
nm ty phin no l hn trm, tro c, bt tn, gii i,
phng dt v Bit cnh tu.

c. Ch trng n tng ng vi mi chn Tm

s, tc mi lm th trn cng thm nim, nh, tu v
hn trm.
d. Ch trng n tng ng vi hai mi bn Tm
s. Tc l bn Cn bn phin no, nm Bin hnh,
mi Ty phin no, cng thm nm Bit cnh.
. H php ch trng n tng ng vi mi tm
Tm s. Tc l bn Cn bn phin no, nm Bin hnh,
tm i ty phin no, thm Bit cnh tu.
28. on ny gii thch Mt-na tng ng vi th
no ? C kin cho n tng ng x th, c kin cho
n tng ng vi bn th u, lc, h, x. Nhng ng
nht l kin cho n ch tng ng vi x th.
Mt-na cng nh Tng thc khi chuyn y ri th
tng ng vi hai mi mt Tm s l nm Bin hnh,
nm Bit cnh, mi mt Thin, v X th.
Cn tnh ca Mt-na khi cha chuyn y l hu ph
v k m khi chuyn y th ch l thin tnh.
Khi cha chuyn y th ty thc A-li-da sanh ci
no a no, n iu h thuc theo m chp ng theo ci
y, a y. Khi chuyn y th t ti khng cn h
thuc.
29. on ny ni n a v khc phc v dt tr
Mt-na c hai :
- Mt l khng c Mt-na nhim. l a v
A-la-hn, V hc, cc chng t ln hin hnh Mt-na
nhim u dt sch. Cn a v khi nhp Dit tn nh
th cng tm thi dp tr, nhng khi xut nh th vn
cn. Bc Hu lu hc cng vy, khi c o xut th
hin tin th khng c Mt-na nhim, khi o xut th
khng hin tin th li c. Chn kin tht thy l v ng
v hu c tr, u l v lu, nn gi l xut th o;
khc vi li tu cn hu ng gi l th gian o.

- Hai l c Mt-na thanh tnh, v Mt-na xuyn

sut c a v nhim v khng nhim. Nu c tng
ng vi B-c-gi-la ng kin (tc l cu sanh ng
chp) th t phm phu cho n bc Hu hc, khi khng
qun v ng th u c Mt-na nhim. Nu n tng
ng vi php ng kin, th t phm phu n Thanh vn,
Duyn gic v mt hng B-tt cha c tr qu php
khng, th u c Mt-na va nhim va tnh. Nu n
tng ng vi Bnh ng tnh tr th ch c Nh Lai.
y l Mt-na thanh tnh.
30. on ny dn Thnh gio chng minh c
thc Mt-na ring ngoi by thc kia.
Dn gio chng c hai :
1. Trong nhiu kinh, c Bt-gi-phn ni n
tm, , thc. Theo ngha c bit tri hn th tm c
ngha l tp khi; c ngha l t lng ; thc c ngha
c bit, l liu bit. Cn theo ngha thng ng th
tm, , thc iu c ba ngha l tp khi, t lng v
liu bit. Nh vy ni tc l ch cho thc Mt-na.
Trong mi trng hp lc no cng c thc Mt-na v
khi a v tm hu lu t phm phu, Nh tha Hu
hc v B-tt trc bt a, th Mt-na thng duyn
thc A-li-da, hng thm xt t lng B-c-gi-la,
(Pudgala) tc nhn ng hay sanh ng chp. a v
nhp Dit tn nh v a v c tr qu sanh khng hin
tin th Mt-na thng duyn th D thc, hng thm t
lng php ng chp. a v B-tt a thng khi tr
qu sanh khng hin tin, th Mt-na duyn thc D
thc, hng thm t lng hai v ng, a v Nh Lai
th Mt-na duyn v cu thc, hng thm t lng hai
v ng.
Tiu tha th ly tm qu kh lm , tm hin ti
lm thc, tm v lai lm tm. Mt tm c ba tn theo ba
i.
Bt-gi-phn tc Th Tn. Theo kinh Pht a,

su ngha gi l Bc-gi-phn.
a. T ti, vnh vin khng h thuc theo phin no.
b. X thnh, la tr mnh lit.
c. Danh xng, vin mn mi cng c th diu.
d. oan nghim, ba mi hai tng tt.
. Ct tng, th gian thn cn, tn thn cng
dng.
e. Tn qu, pht huy phng tin, li lc hu tnh,
khng h gii i.
Hoc ph hoi bn ma, gi l Bt-gi-phn.
2. Trong kinh Gii Thot c tng : Nhim
hng thi, Cng cc hoc sanh dit, Nu gii thot cc
hoc, chng v s c. Nhim y tc l thc
Mt-na ; hng thi tng ng vi bn cn bn phin
no l ng si, kin, mn, i. Khi nh c o i tr
(qun khng v ng) dt ht phin no th Mt-na c
gii thot, by gi phin no tng ng vi n chng
nhng hin ti khng c, m qu kh v lai cng khng
c ; v phin no khng c t tnh tht. Do mt nim
vng tnh hin ti m cha v lng chng t hoc,
nghip, kh qu kh sanh ra v lng hoc, nghip
kh trong v lai. Nhng qu kh th mt, v lai th
cha n, ch mt st na tm hin ti, tm hin ti thay
i khng ngng, u c tht th. - Da vo vng tm
m thy c ba i, nu tm tm khng thy c, thi
hin ti khng, ba i u c. Ch khi no ngay ti
ch ngi hin ti m dt ht vng nim ba i, mi
thu t c ba i. Li tm tm khng thy c, th
u cn hnh tng cch ngi, ngay khi mi
phng tiu vong, tr sng chiu khp mi phng,
nh C c ni : y l ngha cu phin no chng
c, chng s c.
Do o i tr tc tr qun hai khng m thy r
phin no vn khng t tnh. khng t sanh, cng
khng tha sanh, khng t tha cng sanh, khng v nhn
sanh, ch l nhn duyn ha hp h vng c sanh. Ngay

khi vng sanh, vn khng trong, khng ngoi,

khng trung gian, khng qu kh, khng hin ti,
khng v lai, sanh tc v sanh, rt ro khng t tnh.
T tnh khng, tha tnh u c, t tha khng,
cng tnh u c, ni c sanh cn khng c, hung
l ni v nhn sanh. Qun su sc nh vy khng
ngng th gii tr s hun tp mi, v chng t nghip
hoc t tiu. Cho nn phn quyt trch trong lun Du
Gi ni : Hi : Khi dt phin no l x b tri buc
(trin, hin hnh) hay x b ty min (chng t phin
no)? p : ch x b ty min, th tri buc ht. Hi :
B ty min qu kh, hay ty min hin ti, hay ty
min v lai ? p : Chng phi dt qu kh, v lai, hin
ti, nhng ni ty min ba i dt. V sao ? V nu qu
kh c tm ty min th n t dit, tnh n dt,
cn dt ci g ? Nu v lai c tm ty min, th tnh
n vn cha sanh, t th khng c, th s dt ci g ?
Nu hin ti c tm ty min, th st na n sau bin
chuyn, khng tr, khng cn phi dt. Li tm c ty
min v tm la ty min, khng ha hp nhau, cho nn
hin ti chng phi dt. Nhng do nhn duyn ca
chnh php bn ngoi v chn chnh tc bn trong,
m c chnh kin pht sanh. Ty khi tm i tr cc
hoc b i tr pht ra, m cc tm ty min b i tr
dit. Ngay khi tm ny sanh, tm kia dit, bnh ng
bnh ng. o i tr sanh, ty min b i tr dit. Khi
tm i tr c chnh kin tng ng, th ngay hin ti
khng c ty min, m qu kh cng khng c ty
min, st na sau tm la ty min, nn i v lai cng
khng c ty min. T y c chuyn y, dt
ty min, nh ngay trong thn tng tc ny s c
c tm thin v k thuc th gian (ngha l iu thin
ny cn sanh dit). v tr qu kh, hin ti, v lai u
la ty min, cho nn ni ty min ba i u dt.
31. on ny dn chnh l chng minh c thc
Mt-na ring ngoi by thc kia. Trn l gio chng c

hai, y l l chng c su l : Hng hnh v minh, lm

duyn sanh thc, t lng gi l , v tm nh sai
khc, tri V Tng nhim, nhim trong ba thi :
a. Hng hnh v minh - L th v minh vi t lm
chng ngi chnh tr, n lun c mt khp cc tm
thin, c, v k, ni loi d sanh trong mi a v, nn
gi l hng hnh. N li l th v minh ch tng ng
vi thc Mt-na ch khng c cc thc khc, nn
cng gi n l bt cng v minh. Gi l Hng hnh
bt cng v minh, khc vi c hnh bt cng v
minh, l th v minh ch m l T v ch tng ng
vi thc th su. Li v minh c hai th l tng ng
v minh, tc v minh cng khi vi tham, sn v.v... v
c hnh v minh l v minh khi ring mt mnh n.
V minh ni Mt-na cng khi vi tham, sn, cng gi
l tng ng v minh, nhng v minh ny c bit lun
c mt khp ni, nn khng gi l tng ng m gi l
hng hnh ; cn v minh cng khi vi tham, sn ni
thc th su th l tng ng. Nu n khi ring mt
mnh th gi l c hnh, hay ch c hnh thuc vo
bn b loi kin hoc, ch do kin o on. Nu n
khi chung vi mi tiu ty phin no th gi l c
hnh khng phi ch, thuc vo nm b hoc, phi do
kin o v tu o on.
b. Lm duyn sanh thc - Nm thc trc u ly
nm cn lm cu hu y, tng thng duyn m pht
sanh. Vy thc th su cng phi c ch da lm cu
hu y, tng thng duyn mi pht sanh c. Vy cu
hu y v tng thng duyn ca thc th su l g, nu
khng phi Mt-na?
c. T lng gi l - Kh kinh ni T lng gi l
. Nu khng c Mt-na th t lng ny khng c.
d. nh v tm sai khc - Trong hai nh v tm l
v tng nh ch dit thc th su v Tm s ca n;
cn Dit tn nh phi cn dit thm nhim th by.

Nu khng c nhim th by th ha ra hai nh ny

khng khc g nhau sao.
. Tri V tng nhim - Tri V tng dt ht
Tm v Tm s ca thc. Nu thc khng cn,
Mt-na cng khng c th tri V tng l ci cn
thuc trong ba ci lun hi, ha ra khng cn nhim
na sao?
e. nhim sut ba tnh - Trong c ba tm thin,
c, v k ca chng sanh u l nhim hu lu, nu
khng c Mt-na th thin, v k lm sao nhim ?
Tm li, do gio v l chng minh trn , phi c
thc Mt-na. S d trong Kinh nhiu khi ch ni su
thc, l li ni theo li l ty chuyn, tc chuyn l
i tha rt ro m ni ; cn ni theo l Tiu tha th
cha rt ro. Ch theo l rt ro phi c tm thc.
32. on ny ni v thc nng bin th ba, tc l
thc liu bit cnh hay su thc trc, gm c ba mi
hai cu tng, t cu thc nng bin th ba... n cu
khi ng m, cht ngt, c chia lm chn mn
gii.
- Mn sai bit - Thc nng bin th ba v liu bit
cnh thc, cng l su thc, da theo su cn m t
tn. Thc da nhn cn pht sanh gi l nhn thc ;
thc da nh cn pht sanh gi l nh thc v.v... v v
n da su trn m pht sanh nn cng c th gi l sc
thc cho n php thc. Nhng khi c t ti nh
Pht th ch nhn thc cng c th duyn ht thy trn,
cho nn da trn m t tn sc thc, thanh thc v.v...
khng n. Nm trn cng l php nhng khng ni mt
thy php m ch ni thy sc, v sc thanh l cuc hn
nn ch mi thc duyn, cn php trn l chung, ch c
thc mi duyn c.
Cn nm ngha :
a. cn, tc da su cn cu hu.
b. Pht cn, t su cn pht ra.

c. Thuc cn, l thuc vo cn, cn mnh thy

sng, cn hng thy m.
d. Tr cn, gip cho cn t r.
e. Nh cn, duyn ng nh cnh ca cn.
Mn t tnh l hnh tng su thc u ly vic
liu bit lm t tnh v hnh tng.
- Cnh c ba l tnh cnh, i cht cnh, c nh
cnh.
Tnh cnh cng gi l tht cnh. Cnh c tht,
gm c hai :
a. Thng ngha tnh cnh hay v cht tnh cnh,
tc l chn nh tht tnh. Cnh ny ch do tr chng,
ch khng do thc phn bit.
b. Th tc tnh cnh hay hu cht tnh cnh l
cnh c tht do nhn duyn chng t pht sanh ch
khng phi do ch quan phn bit bin hin, nh nm
trn ca nm thc duyn, hay nh cnh trong nh.
Cnh ny tuy c tht, nhng l tht theo ngha tng
i th tc, ch khng phi theo thng ngha, theo
thng ngha th nm cn, nm cnh v thc cng ch l
gi huyn. Thc th tm v su thc trc duyn c
hu cht tnh cnh ny.
c nh cnh l cnh nh tng ca ring thc
duyn. C hai :
a. Hu cht c nh, l cnh lc ny ch ny
khng c, nhng lc khc ch khc c. Nh thc
hin ti nh li cnh tri qua.
b. V cht c nh, l cnh lc ny ch ny
khng c, m lc kh ch khc cng khng c, nh
lng ra sng th, hay cnh tng tng ca thc ba
ra. Khi cha chng chn nh tnh cnh m thc bin
ra tng chn nh qun cng thuc cnh v cht c
nh ny.
i cht cnh, l cnh thc bin c mang theo cht
liu bn ngoi. C hai :

a. Chn i cht, l cnh ly tm duyn tm, nh

thc duyn ht thy Tm, Tm s, Mt-na duyn kin
phn bt.
b. T i cht, l ly tm duyn sc. Cnh ny ch
l cnh ca c u thc, l ci tng m thc gn
thm ln trn s vt. Nh phn bit ci bn, ci gh,
mt ch thy hin sc, hnh sc ; thn ch ng chm
cng, trn ; mi ch ngi thy mi g v.v... th l c
u thc li thy l ci bn. Trong khi thy tng
ci bn, tng vn mang theo hin sc, hnh sc
v.v... cho nn gi l i cht.
- Mn ba tnh - L thin, c, v k. Su thc u
c . Nhng c kin cho nm thc c ba tnh l
do thc o dn.
33. Mn Tm s tng ng - thc th su c
nm mi mt Tm s tng ng. l nm Bin
hnh, nm Bit cnh, mi mt Thin, su Cn bn
phin no, hai mi Ty phin no v bn Bt nh.
Cn nm thc th tng ng ba mi bn th Tm s l
nm Bin hnh, nm Bit cnh, mi mt Thin, hai
Trung ty, tm i ty, v Tham, Sn, Si.
Cc Tm v Tm s u l php duyn sanh. N
u c tng quan vi nhiu pha, nn sau khi lun gii
thch danh ngha cc Tm, Tm s, tip theo cn phn
bit mt tng quan khc ca n, gi l phn bit cc
mn. Nh mn ty cnh lp danh, mn cu sanh hoc
phn bit khi, mn t loi tng ng, mn cng cc
thc khi, mn tng ng cc th, mn ba tnh, mn
ba hc v.v...
34. Mi chn nh - chn nh l tht tnh ca tt
c php. Khng h vng l chn ; khng bin i l
nh. Th nht bin hnh chn nh. Bin hnh ngha l
c mt khp mi php. Chn nh vn khng c hai, c
ba hung g c mi ? S d chia c mi chn nh l
ty ch chng ng cn su sai khc m chia. Bin thnh

chn nh l chnh, tc ni tnh chn nh bin khp cc

php. Chn nh ng ngha vi ch v vi cc ni
khc ni. Nh kinh Kim Cang ni : Nht thit Hin
Thnh u do chng ng v vi cn su m chia ra nhiu
a v sai khc.
35. Ch Duy thc nguyn ch Phn l Vijnptimtrat. Vijnpti Tu dch m l T-nh-, dch ngha
l Thc. Ch Mtrata Tu dch m l Ma-t-lt-a,
dch ngha l Duy.
Thc l liu bit, nhn bit. Liu l liu tri, Bit l
bit chnh cnh. Tc liu tri mi mi cnh ring bit,
nh nhn thc liu tri sc, nh thc liu tri thanh v.v...
Thc, ni mt cch tng qut l gm nm v tc
nm mt :
1. Thc t tng, tc tm thc Tm vng.
2. Thc tng ng, tc su v Tm s.
3. Thc s bin, tc hai phn Kin v Tng.
4. Thc phn v, tc hai mi bn gi php Bt
tng ng hnh, chng ch l gi tng sai bit gia
Sc v Tm.
5. Thc thc tnh, tc chn l, chn nh tht tnh
ca bn th trn. Nh vy Thc tht tnh l l, cn bn
th trn l s. Nm v php ny l bao qut ht thy
php th gian, xut th gian, hu vi v vi, hu lu v
lu. Chng u khng la thc, u l biu hin ca
thc, nn gi l Duy thc.
Mi mi hu tnh t v th vn c tm thc, su v
Tm s, cc php s l nh vy. Chng ch hin hu
c trn thc, ngoi thc ra th khng c hin hu no
ht, v ngoi thc ra th ta khng th bit c g c, nu
ta tng tng c mt hin tng g ngoi thc, th
n cng l thc bin, v n l tng ca thc tng
tng ra.
Duy c ba ngha :

1. Ngha gin tr : Gin l gin bit, kn chn b i

c tnh ph nh, gi thuyn. B i ci g ? B i hai
chp ng v php tht c. Tr l gi ly, c tnh khng
nh, biu thuyn. Gi ly ci g ? Gi ly thc tng y
tha khi v thc tnh Vin thnh tht. Cc php y tha
duyn khi l tng ca thc. Hai khng (ng khng,
php khng) hin l Vin thnh tht tnh l tnh ca
Thc.
2. Ngha quyt nh : Lun Bin Trung Bin ni :
Th trung nh hu khng, b dit hu th ngha l
trong thc tng y tha duyn khi thuc tc s ny
quyt nh c thc tnh do hai khng hin l thuc
chn l kia, v chn khng la tc m c, ngc li,
trong chn l hai khng kia quyt nh c tc s y tha
duyn khi ny, v tc khng th la chn m c.
Nh vy Thc va c ngha gi v biu. Gi
th ngn chn loi tr ng v php tht c ngoi thc.
Biu th biu th thc tng y tha khi v thc tnh
Vin thnh tht. S v l, tc v chn hai mt quyt
nh gn lin vi nhau ca thc.
3. Ngha hin thng : Thng l hn, l th thng,
nhm ch cho thc Tm vng hn l cho thc Tm s
mi khi ni Duy thc. Khi ni Duy thc l ch ni
Duy thc Tm vng.
Trong ba ngha trn, trong Duy thc thng ch
dng ngha th nht.
(Ch thch s 35 ny l da theo li gii ca Thi
H i S).
*

Ph lc 1
DUY THC TAM THP TNG
Ph lc 3
BA MI BI TNG VIT NG
1. Do gi ni ng php,
C tng ng php chuyn,
Chng nng thc bin hin,
Thc bin hin c ba.
2.

L D thc, T lng,
V thc Liu bit cnh,
u, thc A-li-da,
D thc, Nht thit chng.

3.

Khng th bit chp th,

X, liu, tng ng xc,
Tc , th, tng, t,
V ch c x th.

4.

Tnh v ph v k,
Xc, thy cng nh th,
Hng chuyn nh dng nc.
A-la-hn, b ht.

5.

Thc bin hin th hai,

Gi l thc Mt-na.
Nng kia chuyn, duyn kia,
T lng lm tnh tng.

6.

Tng ng bn phin no,

L ng si, ng kin,
V ng mn, ng i,
Cng tm s Bin hnh.

7.

Tnh hu ph v k,
Sanh theo A-li-da.
Chng La-hn, Dit nh,

Xut th o, khng cn.

8.

Thc bin hin th ba,

Sai bit c su th,
Tnh tng l bit cnh,
Thin, bt thin, v k.

9.

Cng tm s Bin hnh,

Bit cnh, thin, phin no
Ty phin no, Bt nh.
u tng ng ba Th

10.

Trc l bin hnh : Xc

Tip, l Bit cnh : Dc,
Thng gii , nim, nh, tu.
Cnh s duyn khng ng.

11.

Thin l tn, tm, qu,

Khng tham, khng sn, si,
Sing, an, khng phng dt,
Hnh x v khng hi.

12.

Phin no l tham, sn,

Si, mn, nghi, c kin.
Ty phin no l phn,
Hn, ph, no, tt, xan,

13.

Di, nnh v hi, kiu,

Khng h v khng thn
Tro c vi hn trm,
Khng tin cng gii i,

14.

Phng dt v tht nim,

Tn lon, khng chnh tri,
Bt nh l hi min.
Tm, t hai u hai

15.

Nng da cn bn thc,
Nm thc theo duyn hin

ng thi khi, hoc khng,

Nh sng mi nng nc.
16.

thc thng hin khi

Tr sanh tri V tng
V hai nh v tm
Khi ng say, cht ngt.

17.

Cc thc y chuyn bin,

Phn bit, b phn bit,
Do kia, y u khng,
Nn ht thy Duy thc.

18.

Do thc Nht thit chng,

Bin nh vy nh vy,
V nng lc trin chuyn,
Kia kia, phn bit sanh.

19.

Do tp kh cc nghip,
Cng tp kh hai th,
Thn D thc trc ht
Li sanh D thc khc.

20.

Do bin k n kia,
Bin k chng chng vt,
Bin k s chp ny,
T tnh ton khng c.

21.

T tnh Y tha khi.

Do duyn phn bit sanh.
Vin thnh tht ni ,
Thng xa la bin k.

22.

Nn n cng Y tha,
Chng khc chng khng khc.
Nh tnh v thng thy,
Thy y, mi thy kia.

23.

Chnh nng ba tnh ny,

Lp ba v tnh kia.

Nn Pht mt ni :
Ht thy php khng tnh.
24.

Trc l Tng khng tnh,

K, Khng t nhin tnh .
Sau, do la tnh trc,
L tnh chp ng php.

25.

y, thng ngha cc php,

Cng tc l chn nh,
V thng nh tnh n,
Tc thc tnh Duy thc.

26.

Cho n cha khi thc.

Cu tr tnh Duy thc.
i hai th ty min,
Cn cha th phc dit.

27.

Hin tin lp cht vt,

Cho l tnh Duy thc.
V cn c s c,
Cha thc tr Duy thc.

28.

Khi i cnh s duyn,

Tr khng s c g,
By gi tr Duy thc,
Do la tng hai th.

29.

Khng c, chng ngh ngh

L tr xut th gian.
V b hai th trng,
Chng c hai chuyn y.

30.

y, tc gii v lu,
Chng ngh ngh, thin, thng.
An lc, thn gii thot,
i Mu-ni php thn.

Trong 30 bi tng ny, 24 bi u l ni r Tng

Duy thc. Bi th 25, ni r Tnh Duy thc. Nm bi
sau cht ni nm hnh v tu chng.
Trong 24 bi u, mt bi ri u lc bin
Tng Duy thc ; hai mi hai bi ri tip theo rng
bin Tng Duy thc.
HOC DCH :
1. Do gi thit ng php
Nn c cc tng ng php chuyn bin
hin ra.
Ng php y u nng thc bin hin;
Thc bin hin y ch c ba.
2.

L thc D thc, T lng v Liu bit cnh

Thc bin hin u c ba tn l A-li-da
D thc v nht thit chng.

3.

Khng th bit i tng ca n, l cn

thn v chng t m n chp th lm t
th, sanh ra cm th (v qu vi t).
Khng th bit ni chn (x, kh th gii v qu rng ln) v nng lc nhn bit (liu)
ca n.
N cng i vi Tm s xc,
Tc , th, tng, t
Ring th th ch l X th.

4.

Tnh n l v ph, v k,
Tm s xc v.v... tnh cng nh vy
N hng thng v chuyn bin nh dng

nc.
n a v A-la-hn th b tn A-li-da.
5.

Thc bin hin th hai, gi l Mt-na.

N hin khi da vo A-li-da v nhn ly

A-li-da lm i tng chp ng.
Th tnh v hnh tng ca n l t duy,
lng nh.
6.

Thng i cng vi n c bn phin no :

L ng si, ng kin,
Ng mn, ng i.
V cc Tm s xc v.v...

7.

Tnh n l hu ph v k.
N b rng buc sanh vo cc ci theo A-li-

da
Khi chng A-la-hn, vo nh Dit tn,
Khi tr xut th o pht khi,
Th Mt-na khng cn.
8.

Thc bin hin th ba.

Sai bit c su th.
Th tnh v hnh tng ca n l nhn bit
i tng.
N c ba tnh thin, bt thin, v k.

9.

Cng i vi n c cc Tm s bin hnh.

Bit cnh, thin, phin no.
Ty phin no, bt nh.
V ba th kh, lc, x.

10.

Trc ht, Tm s bin hnh l xc v.v...

Tip nm Tm s bit cnh l dc
Thng gii, nim, nh, tu
V cnh s duyn ca nm Tm s ny
khng ng nhau.

11.

Tm s thin l tm, qu.

Khng tham, khng sn, khng si.
Sing nng, Khinh an, Khng phng dt.
Hnh x v bt hi.

12.

Tm s phin no l tham, sn, si, mn,

nghi, c kin.
Tuy phin no l phn.
Hn, ph, no, tt, xan.

13.

Cung, sim, hi, kiu.

Khng h, khng thn.
Tro c v hn trm.
Khng tn v gii i.

14.

Phng dt v tht nim,

Tn lon, khng chnh tri.
Tm s bt nh l hi, min.
Tm, t ; c hai loi hi min v tm t u
c hai tnh thin v nhim.

15.

Nng ta thc cn bn th tm.

Nm thc hin khi khi c duyn.
Hoc khi ng thi hoc khng ng thi.
Nh sng nng nc.

16.

thc th thng hin khi.

Tr khi sanh vo ci tri V tng.
Khi vo hai nh v tm (V tng nh v
Dit tn nh).
Khi ng say v khi cht ngt.

17.

Cc thc y chuyn bin.

Thnh nng lc phn bit v i tng
phn dit.
Do l ngha ny m tt c php u khng
tht s hin hu ngoi thc.
Nn ni ht thy php Duy thc

18.
t.

Do t thc vn c hm cha ht thy chng

Bin hin ra nh th nh th.
V nng lc trin chuyn h tng.

Nn c cc s phn bit ca tm thc v

Tm s hin hnh.
19.

Do tp kh cc nghip.
Cng vi tp kh ca hai th (nng th, s
th, hay ng chp th, danh ngn th).
M thn D thc trc dit.
Li sanh thn D thc khc.

20.

Do tm so o chp th cng khp n kia.

So o chp th cng khp cc vt (bin k
chp)
Ci so o chp th cng khp .
Khng c t tnh tht.

21.

T tnh ca Y tha khi.

Do thc phn bit v cc duyn m c.
Tnh Vin thnh (l tht ti ti hu) l tnh
Y tha,
Khi Y tha ri khi hn tnh bin k trc

.
22.

Nn tnh Vin thnh vi tnh Y tha.

Chng phi khc, chng phi khng khc

nhau.
Nh tnh v thng, v ng i vi cc
php v thng v ng.
Nu khng thy tnh Vin thnh th cng
khng thy tnh Y tha.
23.

Chnh nng ba tnh ny.

Lp ra ba v tnh kia.
Nn Pht mt ni.
Ht thy php khng c t tnh.

24.

Tnh Bin k l tng khng c t tnh

Tnh Y tha l khng phi tnh t nhin

sanh.

Tnh Vin thnh l tnh y tha la xa tnh

bin k chp ng php trc .
25.

l ngha ti thng ca cc php.

Cng tc l Chn nh.
V thng nh tnh n.
Cng tc l tht tnh Duy thc.

26.

Cho n khi ci thc an tr Duy thc tnh

cha khi ln.
Mt mt chuyn cu an tr Duy thc tnh.
i vi hai tp kh chp th ng php.
Vn cha th dp tr.

27.

Nu gi cho Duy thc tnh l bt c g.

Th khng phi l Duy thc tnh.
V cn c ci th c.
Nn cha tht an tr tnh Duy thc.

28.

Khi i cnh s duyn.

Tr khng s c g.
By gi tht an tr tnh Duy thc.
V xa la tng hai th.

29.

Tr tu v c th khng th ngh bn.

N l tr tu xut th gian (hay thnh tr).
Do la b hai chng ngi th trng (phin
no v s tri).
Lin chng c chuyn y.

30.

Hai qu chuyn y ny tc kho tng v lu.

Khng th ngh bn, l thin, l thng
L an lc, l thn gii thot.
L php thn i tch tnh.

_________

SU B KINH, MI MT B LUN
CA DUY THC TNG

SU B KINH :
1. Hoa Nghim.
2. Gii Thm Mt.
3. Nh Lai Xut Hin Cng c.
4. i tha A-t-t-ma.
5. Lng-gi.
6. Hu Nghim (cha dch ra Hoa vn)
MI MT B LUN :
I. B Lun gc : Du-gi S-a Lun, 100 cun,
Di-lc thuyt, V Trc thut, Huyn Trang dch.
II. Mi Chi lun :
1. i Tha Bch Php Mn Lun, cng gi l
Lc Trn Danh S Lun, 1 cun ; Th Thn to,
Huyn Trang dch.
2. i Tha Ng Un Lun, cng gi Th Thch
Th Ngha, 1 cun ; Th Thn to, Huyn Trang dch.
3. Hin Dng Thnh Gio Lun, cng gi Tng
Bao Chng Ngha Lun, 20 cun ; V Trc to,
Huyn Trang dch.
4. Nhip Lun, cng gi Qung Bao i Ngha, c
ba bn dch ra Hn vn :
a. Nhip i Tha Lun, 2 cun ; Pht--phin-a
dch.
b. Nhip i Tha Lun, 3 cun ; Trn Chn
dch.
c. Nhip i Tha Lun, bn 3 cun ; Huyn
Trang dch.

- Nhip Lun c hai nh gii thch l Th Thn

Thch Lun v V Tnh Thch Lun.
- Th Thn Thch Lun c ba bn dch Hn vn :
a. Nhip i Tha Th Thn Thch Lun, 15 cun
; Trn Chn dch.
b. Nhip i Tha Thch Lun 10 cun ; Cp-a
dch.
c. Nhip i Tha Thch Lun, 10 cun ; Huyn
Trang dch.
5. i Tha A-t-t-ma Tp Tp Lun, cng gi
Qung Trn Th Ngha Phn Bit Danh S, 16 cun ;
V Trc to, S T Gic Thch, An Tu tp, Huyn
Trang dch.
6. Bin Trung Bin Lun, cng gi Ly Tch
Chng Trung, 3 cun ; Th Thn to, Huyn Trang
dch.
7. Nh Thp Duy Thc Tng, cng gi Ti Ph T
Sn Lun, 1 cun ; Th Thn to. C ba bn dch :
a. Duy Thc Lun, 1 cun. C-m Bt-nh-luchi dch.
b. i Tha Duy Thc Lun, 1 cun ; Trn Chn
dch.
c. Duy Thc Nh Thp Tng, 1 cun. Huyn Trang
dch.
8. Duy Thc Tam Thp Tng, cng gi Cao Kin
Php Trng, 1 cun ; Th Thn to, Huyn Trang dch.
9. i Tha Trang Nghim Kinh Lun, cng gi
Trang Nghim Th Ngha, 13 cun, V Trc to, Bala-ph mt-a-la dch.
10. Phn Bit Du-gi Lun, cng gi Nhip Tn
Quy Qun Lun ; Di-lc thuyt, cha dch ra Hn vn.
_________