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l1l13,6l7,493
[73] Assignee
[5]]
208/80,
_
_ time, high-temperature
p
_
_
_
short residence
cracking
conditions.
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in CI
[56]
3'487O06
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References Cited
UNITED STATES PATENTS
12/1969
208/130
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STEAM-
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FEED
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H: LCRACKED
PRODUCTS
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CRACKED
PRODUCTS
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STEAM
3,617,493
2
ment processes to obtain lower boiling products, i.e. ethylene,
propylene, butadiene and the like. The topped crude is
generally subjected to a further distillation at reduced pres
sure in a vacuum still to recover a light fraction, i.e. vacuum
nace. The conditions under which the ?rst cracking furnace 20 coil as well as by the kinetics of the cracking reactions.
are operated are those conditions, i.e. residence time and
Furthermore, the type of crude oil which is employed as the
troduced into the convection section and then the radiant sec
the crude oil has a boiling point above 900 F. under such con
ditions that maximum yields are obtained from the more valu
50
hydrocarbon partial pressure in the ?ash drum and thus allow
able naphtha and gas oil fractions.
more hydrocarbon to vaporize, but also provides the diluent
steam, i.e. carrying and cracking medium, for the vaporized
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
mal-cracking, i.e. steam cracking or catalytic re?ning treat 75 order to lower the hydrocarbon partial pressure and thus in
3,617,493
4
cracked hydrocarbon products, especially C4-C6 diole?ns
hydrocarbon feed.
the crude feed oil, may be stripped with steam and withdrawn
cracking furnace or into the second ?ash drum or into both in 35 fraction and the liquid phase containing that portion of the
feed which comprises above about 30 wt. percent based on
order to strip the gas oil fractions from the heavy residua and
total feed. The vaporized portion of the feed thus passes over
to provide diluent steam for the subsequent steam cracking
head by way of line 5, is admixed with steam via line 6 and
process step. This steam can be preheated above the oil tem
reintroduced back into the convection section of the cracking
perature to provide additional heat. The amount of stripping
steam which is employed is in the range of from about 0.1 to 40 furnace via line 7. The conditions under which the cracking
furnace is operated are those which are optimum for the
2.0, and more preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.7
cracking of a naphtha fraction, as described above. These
pounds/steam per pound of hydrocarbon feed such that the
cracking conditions increase the cracking selectivity to C4
feed to thesecond cracking zone comprises about 17 to 38 wt.
C6 diole?ns such as butadiene and isoprene over that which
percent steam. The gas oil fraction along with steam, thus
passes overhead from the second separation zone and is 45 would be obtained by cracking the naphtha and gas oil frac
tions together at other than optimum conditions for the
passed into the second cracking zone in the radiant section of
naphtha fraction.
the second steam- cracking furnace. The conditions in the
The unvaporized, liquid portion of the feed which settles to
second cracking zone are those optimum conditions for steam
the bottom of the ?rst flash drum separator 8 is withdrawn
cracking a gas oil fraction. Accordingly, the contact time of
vaporized portion in the second cracking zone, i.e. radiant 50 therefrom and passed by way of line 9 through the convection
section of a second cracking furnace 10. The temperature of
section of second steam cracking furnace is in the range of
the liquid which is withdrawn from the ?ash drum separator is
from about 0.1 to L0 seconds, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 seconds.
in the range of about 450 to about 700 F. After passing
The temperature at the coil outlet of the cracking zone i.e. the
through the convection section of the second cracking fur
radiant section of the furnace, is within the range of
nace, the temperature of the feed has been raised to about
l,350-1,700E~ F. Pressures within the tubes may range from 1
600 to about 900 F. The portion of the feed which has been
to 200 p.s.i.g. at the coil outlet. The liquid portion remaining
vaporized by passing through the second convection zone 10
in the bottom of the second ?ash drum, i.e. heavy residua of
and employed as a fuel. Thus, it can be seen that the two-stage 60 way of line 11 into a second ?ash drum separator 12. The
3,617,493
6
comprises:
which comprises:
cracking furnace;
d. withdrawing the unvaporized fraction of the feedstock
from the ?rst separation zone and passing said un
vaporized fraction into the convection section of a second
cracking furnace.
zone;
35
comprises:
hydrocarbon feed.
75