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Eng. Hamdi Jafar

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Golden rule:
No Accidents only mistakes
An Accident : An undesired, un
expected outcome from an error
or accumulation of un resolved
mistakes.

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Means of transporting power and transforming

power form to another by the movement of
charged particles :
1.
2.
3.

Electrons.
Ions.
Plasma.

1.

2.

3.

Voltage: The electric motive force that

drives the electric power (electric pressure )
measured in VOLTS , 220V.
Current : The amount of charges particles
that pass through a conductor in one
second. ( Flow of electrons . Measures in
Amp ( A ). 1A
Resistance : The amount a substance
reduces the flow of electric current. Ohm .
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4.

Conductor : Substance that allows electric

current to flow easily , ( Small Resistance ):
Metals: Iron , Copper, Aluminum, Tin , Lead,

Mercury, Gold, Silver.

Ionized liquids : Salty water, Acids, Normal
water.

Floating particles : Mist , Fog, Dust, high

humidity.
Electric responsive :Substances that
change form or composition when affected
by electrons : Carbone, Cement.
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5.

Insulators : Substance that do not allows

electric current to flow easily , High
Resistance
Plastic.
Wood.
Rubber.
Glass.
Air.
Vacuum.
Oils.
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6.

7.

8.

Earthing : An alternative pass for the

current to go through instead of user.
Electric power : The total amount of energy
that is given by electricity in one second.
Watt
Electric circuit : A complete round trip of
conductors back to the source. Complete
circle. O

9.

10.

Direct Current ( DC ): Current, Voltage

that does not change direction. Battery.
Alternating Current ( AC ) : Current,
Voltage that changes value above and below
zero with time. Mains, waves.

Any questions ?

WATER
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Varies from a country to another :

Extremely Low Voltage , ELV.
Tres Basse Tenssion , TBT
Less than 50 V AC
Less than 120 V DC
Low risk, not dangerous.
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Low Voltage, LV
Basse Tenssion , BT

50 1000 V AC rms.
120 1500 V DC
Dangerous.
Electric Shock.
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High Voltage, High Tension , HT , HV

Haute Tenssion , HT
More than 1000 V AC
More than 1500 V DC
Very Dangerous.
Arcing possible.
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Amount of current DC, AC

Affect

1 milliamp ( 0.001 A) = less than mouse

click.

Tingling , no pain, no damage, control

5 milliamp ( 0.005 A) =LED

Feeling a shock, no pain, uncontrolled

movement , no permanent damage,
controllable.

6-25 milliamp , women

9-30 milliamp , men

Pain, strong shock, loss of control, muscle

spasm, hard breathing, burn marks at entry.

50 150 milliamp

Painful, strong muscle cramp, stopped

breathing, skin burns, long term affect,
possible bone breakage, possible death.

1000 4000 milliamp

Fibrillation, nerve damage, internal damage,

death most likely.

10 amp

Heart arrest, permanent damage, brain

damage, strong burns, death.

15 amp

Instant death, extreme burns..CB cuts

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1st Aid box.do you know

where?

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