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AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
CANADA
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
FINLAND
Self-employed/Entrepreneur
Business Owner
Provisional (subclass 160)
under the Business Skills
category
Programme
First introduced in
Admission requirements
State/Territory Sponsored
Business Owner Provisional
(subclass 163) under the
Business Skills category
1969
1978
Documentated relevant
training/education, previous
experience as a self-employed
person and/or work experience
in the same field.
Documentated relevant
professional qualifications
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
AUD 500,000 (combined assets AUD 250,000 (combined assets AUD 1,5 million (combined
of applicant and partner),
of applicant and partner)
assets of applicant and partner)
transferred to Australia within 2
years
No
No
No
CAD 300,000
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Type of business;
Innovative aspects of company
or prospects for growth
(including expected number of
workplaces);
Documentation of any
partnership with Danish
companies;
Contracts/agreements.
Successful business
experience=
AUD 200,000 combined assets
of applicant and partner in a
qualifying business and 10%
ownership of this business if a
public listed company;
Annual turnover of
main business (-es) in 2 of last
4 fiscal years AUD 500,000
Min. Jobs to be
created/maintained
Min. Net Worth
Language knowledge
Age
Submit business plan/
requirements for
business plan
No
Other
No
< 55 but regional authority
sponsor may grant exception
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Number of jobs to be
created/maintained;
Investment capital;
Number of jobs to
No
becreated/maintained;
Investment capital;
Market study;
Contacts with commercial
partners;
Planned contracts;
Planned status of the business;
Be sponsored by a
State/Territory
Be sponsored by a
State/Territory
Recognition of foreign
qualifications/registration in
local Chambers of
Commerce or other publiclaw professional bodies
No
No
No
No
No
No
Restrictions
No
No
No
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1995); EUSwitzerland agreement: (2002)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1995); EUSwitzerland agreement: (2002)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
No
International agreements
creating special conditions
of admission for nationals of
member countries
Permits
No
Quota
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Initial
Provisional: 4 years
Provisional: 4 years
Permanent residence
Permanent residence
Permanent residence
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Permanent Residence
Change of status
Possibility/conditions
Family members
Permit
N.A.
Yes
N.A.
General EU rules
General EU rules
Immediately
General EU rules
General EU rules
General EU rules
5740 (provisional)
Immediately
No
Included in the application of the Included in the application of the Under general rules for family
principal applicant
principal applicant
reunification
Yes
Yes
67
No*
129 (provisional)
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
*Under the Established Business in Australia Points Test points are awarded for business attributes
(60p.); age (up to 30p.); English ability (up to 20p.); assets (up to 15.p). The most important
component of the test is the business attributes component. Unlike the other components of the test
there are no points awarded for partially meeting the requirements. To get the 60 points, the
business must employ at least 3 full-time equivalent non family workers and have a annual turnover
of at least AUD 200,000 or AUD 100,000 annual exports. Achieving score under the Regional
Established Business in Australia Points Test is slightly easier as: an additional 15 points are granted
for State or Territory Government sponsorship; the business attributes component of the test awards
40 points (out of a possible 60) if the business employs 2 full-time equivalent non family workers.
FRANCE
GERMANY
"Exceptional economic
Residence permit for the
contribution" residence permit purpose of self-employment:
to set up a business
(Residence Act, section 21)
GREECE
IRELAND
2005
ITALY
JAPAN
KOREA
Status of residence
Investor/Business Manager
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
1998
At least 3 years experience in
the operation and/or
management of a business
No
No
60,000.00
No
No
No
No
No
50*
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Calendar of investment
operation;
Expected job creation
No
Residence permit for self Residence permit for labour Long Term Business Visa/
employment
as self-employed
Entrepreneur and
Entrepreneur plus visas under
the Business category
No
No
Business plan:
Business description;
Investment capital;
Market potential (30p);
Suppliers and customers;
organization of business (20p);
Financing of business (50p);
Proposed
marketing;
staff;
Required
assets;
Financial
forecasts;
Beneficial effects for NZ*
Proof of sufficient funds
available for the exercise of the
proposed activity;
Proof of accomodation;
Proof of secured maintenance
funds.
NORWAY
Personal experience:
Education (35p);
Experience in business (35p);
Work experience (10p);
Income (10p);
Experience in the Netherlands
(10p).
2005
NEW ZEALAND
2009
No
No
NETHERLANDS
EC Freedom of
EC Freedom of establishment (Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
establishment (Art 43 EC
agreement (1994); EU-Switzerland agreement (2002)
Treaty); EEA agreement (1994);
EU-Switzerland agreement
(2002);
FranceAlgeria agreement (27/12/1968
amended)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
No
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
Trans-Tasman Travel
Arrangement: (member
countries: Australia and New
Zealand)
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Temporary: 10 years
Temporary: 2 to 3 years,
renewable
Temporary
Temporary: 5 years
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Failure to comply with tax
requirement (including P60 for all
employees);
Failure to justify valid work
permits for employees;
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Failure to comply with tax
requirement (including P60 for all
employees);
Failure to justify valid work
permits for employees;
General EU rules
General EU rules
General EU rules
N.A.
No
After the expiry of the first permit After 2-6 years on the LTBV
(5 years)
(Entrepreneur visa).May apply
immediately for Entrepreneurs
plus visa if criteria are met.
N.A.
Included in the application of the Included in the application of the Included in the application of the
principal applicant
principal applicant (but separate principal applicant
permits)
No
No
No
No
Yes
N.A.
N.A.
600
47
4967
919
N.A.
50
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
POLAND
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES
Tier 1 Entrepreneur
subcategory
N.A.
2008
2009*
1990
EB-5 residence
visa for investment
in a Targeted
Employment Area
(TEA)
EB-5 residence
visa pilot
EB-5 residence
visa pilot in a TEA
2007
N.A.
N.A.
Proof of professional
No
qualifications required for the
exercise of the proposed activity
No
No
1993
No
1993
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
USD 1 million
USD 500,000
USD 1 million
USD 500,000
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes (10p)
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Type of activity;
General conditions of the
establishment;
Income generated by the
activity;
Job creation;
Salaries of employees;
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Invest and be
involved in a new
commercial
enterprise in a TEA=
rural area/area where
unemployment rate
is150% the national
average rate
Invest and be
involved in the
operation of a new
commercial
enterprise in
"designated regional
centers"=economic
unit, public or private,
involved with the
promotion of
economic growth in a
contiguous
geographic region
agreed to receive
foreigners'investment
Invest and be
involved in the
operation of a new
commercial
enterprise in
"designated regional
centers" in a TEA
No
No
No
Market study;
Contracts with
customers/suppliers;
Contract for business
premises;
Investment,liquidity and
profit/loss budget;
Budget balance sheet;
Investment capital;
Business permits (if
required)
Detain a contract or written
Maintenance funds secured,
Proof of 50% ownership of a No
The proposed activity must
mainly though the business
company;
have beneficial effects on Polish proposal for a contract for the
Operate the
economy (in terms of innovation; supply of services with character (since the first year of operation);
of self-employment;
business and have the ultimate
growth of investments; transfer
or
responsability for it;
of technology; job creation);
Evidence of the declaration of
Secured maintenance funds;
the start of activity to the Fiscal
Maintenance funds secured
and to the Social Security
mainly though the business for
Authorities as individual
the 2 year probationary period
entrepreneur
Obtain recognition of
qualifications and authorization
from the competent public-law
authorities for the exercise of
regulated professional/activities
No
No
Specific occupations may be
subject to limitations;
Non-EU citizens are not
entitled to establish themselves
as self-employed in Poland (only
as entrepreneurs)
No
No
No
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (2004); EUSwitzerland agreement (2004)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
No
No
No
No
Description of the activity;
Turnover and profit;
Market study;
Short, mid and longterm projection;
Expected job creation;
Financial conditions and
requirements for explotation of
enterprise fulfilled
Cannot be issued to
independent foreign doctors
(except for EU citizens)
EC Freedom of establishment
(Art 43 EC Treaty); EEA
agreement (1994); EUSwitzerland agreement (2002)
No
2-year conditional permanent resident status ("green card"); for the conditions on residency to be
Temporary: 2 years, renewable indefinitely
removed must file a second application within the 90-day period preceding the second anniversary of
admission as conditional permanent resident
No
No
No
(within general quota) 3000 EB-5 visa setaside yearly for pilot
project
General EU rules
General EU rules
General EU rules
After 5 years
No
No
N.A.
516
N.A.
No
104
Yes
After 2 years
Not applicable
N.A.
No
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
* Previously Businesspersons
and Innovation schemes
N.A.
Not necessary
No
No
No
No
Not applicable
No
N.A.