Welded Joints and Symbols

8 - 134
BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS
Table 8-36.
Prequalified Welded Joints
Symbols for Joint Types
B
C
T
butt joint
corner joint
T-joint
L
U
P
limited thickness, complete-joint-penetration

unlimited thickness, complete-joint-penetration
partial-joint-penetration
1
2
3
4
5
square-groove
single-V-groove
double-V-groove
single-bevel-groove
double-bevel-groove
S
G
F
submerged arc welding SAW

gas metal arc welding GMAW
flux cored arc welding FCAW
BC butt or corner joint

TC
T- or corner joint
BTC butt, T-, or corner joint
Symbols for Base Metal Thickness and Penetration
Symbols for Weld Types

6
7
8
9
10
single-U-groove
double-U-groove
single-J-groove
double-J-groove
Flare-bevel-groove
Symbols for Welding Processes if not Shielded Metal Arc welding (SMAW):
Symbols for Welding Positions

F
flat
H
horizontal
V
vertical
OH overhead
The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, d, etc., are used to differentiate between joints that would otherwise
have the same joint designation.
Notes to Prequalified Welded Joints

A
B
Br
C
E
J
J2
L
M
Mp
N
Q
Q2
R
Not prequalified for GMAW using short circuiting transfer. Refer to AWS D1.1 Appendix A.
Joints welded from one side only.
Bridge applications limit the use of these joints to the horizontal position. Refer to AWS D1.1
Section 9.12.5.
Back gouge root to sound metal before welding second side.
Minimum effective throat (E) as shown in LRFD Specification Table J2.3; S as specified on drawings.
If fillet welds are used in buildings to reinforce groove welds in corner and T-joints, they shall be
equal to 1 4 T 1 , but need not exceed 3 8 -in. Groove welds in corner and T-joints in bridges shall be
reinforced with fillet welds equal to 1 4 T 1 , but not more than 3 8 -in.
If fillet welds are used in buildings to reinforce groove welds in corner and T-joints, they shall be
equal to 1 4 T 1 , but not more than 3 8 -in.
Butt and T-joints are not prequalified for bridges.
Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, but the depth of the shallower groove
shall be not less than one-fourth of the thickness of the thinner part joined.
Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, provided they conform to the limitations
of Note E. Also, the effective throat (E), less any reduction, applies individually to each groove.
The orientation of the two members in the joints may vary from 135 to 180, provided the basic
joint configuration (groove angle, root face, root opening) remains the same and the design throat
thickness is maintained.
For corner and T-joints, the member orientation may be changed provided the groove
dimensions are maintained as specified.
The member orientation may be changed provided the groove dimensions are maintained as
specified.
The orientation of two members in the joint may vary from 45 to 135 for corner joints and from
45 to 90 for T-joints, provided the basic joint configuration (groove angle, root face, root
opening) remains the same and the design throat thickness is maintained.
For corner joints, the ouside groove preparation may be in either or both members, provided the
basic groove configuration is not changed and adequate edge distance is maintained to support
the welding operations without excessive edge melting.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 135
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Basic Weld Symbols
Back
Groove or Butt
Plug
or
Slot
Fillet
Square
Bevel
Flare
Bevel
Flare V
Supplementary Weld Symbols
Backing
Weld All
Around
Spacer
Contour
Field Weld
Flush
Convex
For other basic and

supplementary
weld symbols, see
AWS A2.4
Standard Location of Elements of a Welding Symbol

Finish symbol
Groove angle or included

angle or countersink
for plug welds
Contour symbol
Root opening, depth
of filling for plug
and slot welds
Length of weld in inches
Effective throat
Pitch (c. to c. spacing)

of welds in inches
Depth of preparation
or size in inches
S(E)
sides)
Specification, process,
or other reference
(Both
Tail (omitted when

reference is not used)
Field weld symbol
(Arrow
(Other
side )
side )
Reference line
Weld-all-around symbol
@P
Elements in this
area remain as
shown when tail
and arrow
are reversed.
Basic weld symbol

or detail reference
Arrow connects reference line to arrow side

of joint. Use break as at A or B to signify
that arrow is pointing to the grooved
member in bevel or J-grooved joints.
Note:
Size, weld symbol, length of weld, and spacing must read in that order, from left to right, along the reference
line. Neither orientation of reference nor location of the arrow alters this rule.
The perpendicular leg of
, weld symbols must be at left.
Arrow and other side welds are of the same size unless otherwise shown. Dimensions of fillet welds must be
shown on both the arrow side and the other side symbol.
The point of the field weld symbol must point toward the tail.
Symbols apply between abrupt changes in direction of welding unless governed by the all around symbol or
otherwise dimensioned.
These symbols do not explicitly provide for the case that frequently occurs in structural work, where duplicate
material (such as stiffeners) occurs on the far side of a web or gusset plate. The fabricating industry has
adopted this convention: that when the billing of the detail material discloses the existence of a member on the
far side as well as on the near side, the welding shown for the near side shall be duplicated on the far side.
8 - 136
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Fillet Welds
Notes:
1. En, En = effective throats dependent on magnitude of root opening Rn. See AWS D1.1 Section 3.3.1
Subscript n represents 1, 2, 3, or 4.
2. t = thickness of thinner part.
3. Not prequalified for gas metal arc welding using short circuitry transfer. Refer to AWS D1.1.
4. Part (f), apply Z loss factor of AWS D1.1 Table 2.4 to determine effective thrust.
5. Part (f), not prequalified for angles under 30. For welder qualfications, see AWS D1.1
Table 10.5, Column 10.
*Angles smaller than 60 are permissible, however, if the weld is considered to be a partial-joint-penetration
groove weld.
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 137
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Complete-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Corner Joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-L1a
GMAW
FCAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Gas
Shielding
for
(FCAW)
T1
T2
Root
Opening
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Permitted
Welding
Positions
1 4
max
R = T1
+ 1 16 , 0
+ 1 4 , 1 16
All
C-L1a
1 4
max
R = T1
+ 1 16 , 0
+ 1 4 , 1 16
All
B-L1a-GF
3 8
max
R = T1
+ 1 16 , 0
+ 1 4 , 1 16
All
Not
Required
A, N
Notes

Butt joint (B)
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-L1b
1 4
GMAW
FCAW
B-L1b-GF
SAW
SAW
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Gas
Shielding
for
(FCAW)
T1
T2
Root
Opening
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Permitted
Welding
Positions
max
R = T1 / 2
+ 1 16 , 0
+ 1 6 , 1 8
All
C, N
3 8
max
R = 0 to 1 8
+ 1 16 ,
+ 1 6 ,
1 8
All
Not
Required
A, C,
N
B-L1-S
3 8
max
R=0
+ 1 16 , 0
B-L1a-S
5 8
max
R=0
+ 1 16 , 0
C, N
Gas
Shielding
for
(FCAW)
Notes
Notes

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
TC-L1b
GMAW
FCAW
SAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
T1
T2
Root
Opening
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Permitted
Welding
Positions
1 4
max
R = T1 / 2
+ 1 16 , 0
+ 1 16 , 1 8
All
C, J
TC-L1-GF
3 8
max
R = 0 to 1 8
+ 1 16 , 0
+ 1 16 , 1 8
All
Not
Required
A, C, J
TC-L1-S
3 8
max
R=0
+ 1 16 , 0
J, C
8 - 138
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-V-groove weld (2)
Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-U2a
GMAW
FCAW
B-U2a-GF
Tolerances
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As Detailed
As Fit Up
R = +1 16 , 0
+ 1 4 , 116
= +10, 0
+10, 5
Groove Preparation
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Notes
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Permitted
Welding
Positions
R = 1 4
= 45
All
R = 3 8
= 30
F, V, OH
R = 1 2
= 20
F, V, OH
R = 3 16
= 30
F, V, OH
Required
A, N
R = 3 8
= 30
F, V, OH
Not req.
A, N
R = 1 4
= 45
F, V, OH
Not req.
A, N
SAW
B-L2a-S
2 max
R = 1 4
= 30
SAW
B-U2-S
R = 5 8
= 20
Tolerances

Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
C-U2a
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As Detailed
As Fit Up
R = +1 16 , 0
+ 1 4 , 116
= +10, 0
+10, 5
Groove Preparation
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Notes
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Permitted
Welding
Positions
R = 1 4
= 45
All
R = 3 8
= 30
F, V, OH
R = 1 2
= 20
F, V, OH
R = 3 16
= 30
F, V, OH
Required
R = 3 8
= 30
F, V, OH
Not req.
A, Q
GMAW
FCAW
C-U2a-GF
R = 1 4
= 45
F, V, OH
Not req.
A, Q
SAW
C-L2a-S
2 max
R = 1 4
= 30
SAW
C-U2-S
R = 5 8
= 20
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 139
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Root Opening
Root Face
Groove Angle
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions
Notes
FCAW
T1
T2
B-U2
R = 0 to 18
f = 0 to 1 8
= 60
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 1 8
Not limited
+10, 5
All
C, N
GMAW
FCAW
B-U2-GF
R = 0 to 18
f = 0 to 1 8
= 60
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 1 8
Not limited
+10, 5
All
Not
required
A, C,
N
SAW
B-L2c-S
Over 1 2 to 1
R = 0, = 60
f = 1 4 max
R = 0
f = +0, f
= +10, 0
+1 16 , 0
C, N
Over 1 to 11 2
R = 0, = 60
f = 1 2 max
Over 11 2 to 2
R = 0, = 60
f = 5 8 max
1 16
+10, 5

Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Root Opening
Root Face
Groove Angle
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions
FCAW
Notes
T1
T2
C-U2
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= 60
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 1 8
Not limited
+10, 5
All
C, J,
R
GMAW
FCAW
C-U2-GF
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= 60
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 18
Not limited
+10, 5
All
Not
required
A, C,
J, R
SAW
C-L2b-S
R=0
f = 1 4 max
= 60
0
+0, 1 4
+10 0
+1 16 , 0
C, J,
R
1 16
+10, 5
8 - 140
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Tolerances
Double-V-groove weld (3)

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
SMAW
B-U3a
SAW
B-U3a-S
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As Fit Up
R = 0
+ 1 4 , 0
f = 0
+1 16 , 0
= +10, 0
+10, 5
SAW
+1 16 , 0
SMAW
+1 8 , 0
Spacer
Joint
Designation
As Detailed
Groove Preparation
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions (FCAW) Notes
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Root
Face
Groove
Angle
U
Spacer = 1 8 R
R = 1 4
f = 0 to 1 8
= 45
All
R = 3 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= 30
F, V, OH
R = 1 2
f = 0 to 1 8
= 20
F, V, OH
U
Spacer = 1 4 R
R = 5 8
f = 0 to 1 4
= 20
C, M,
N
C, M,
N

Butt joint (B)
For B-U3c-S only
T1
Over
2
21 2
3
35 8
4
43 4
51 2
S1
to
21 2
3
35 8
4
43 4
51 2
61 4
13 8
13 4
21 8
23 8
23 4
31 4
33 4
For T 1 > 614, or T 1 2

S 1 = 2 3 ( T 1 1 4 )
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-U3b
GMAW
FCAW
B-U3-GF
SAW
B-U3c-S
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
T1
T2
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions
FCAW
Root Opening
Root Face
Groove Angle
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= = 60
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 1 8
Not limited
+10, 5
All
C, M, N
All
Not
required
A, C,
M, N
R=0
f = 1 4 min
= = 60
+1 16 , 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 5
C, M, N
To find S 1 see table above; S 2 = T 1 (S 1 + f )
Notes
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 141
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Tolerances
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-U4a
GMAW
FCAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
B-U4a-GF
Welding
Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
SAW
As Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 4 , 116
= +10, 0
+10, 5
Groove Preparation
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Notes
Br, N
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Permitted
Welding
Positions
R = 1 4
= 45
All
R = 3 8
= 30
All
Br, N
R = 3 16
= 30
All
Required
A, Br, N
R = 1 4
= 45
All
Not req.
A, Br, N
R = 3 8
= 30
Not req.
A, Br, N
Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Joint
Designation
As Detailed
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As Detailed
As Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 4 , 116
= +10, 0
+10, 5
Groove Preparation
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Notes
J, Q, V
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Permitted
Welding
Positions
TC-U4a
R = 1 4
= 45
All
R = 3 8
= 30
F, V, OH
J, Q, V
TC-U4a-GF
R = 3 16
= 30
All
Required
A, J, Q, V
R = 3 8
= 30
Not req.
A, J, Q, V
R = 1 4
= 45
All
Not req.
A, J, Q, V
R = 3 8
= 30
J, Q, V
R = 1 4
= 45
TC-U4a-S
8 - 142
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Butt joint (B)
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal
Thickness
Tolerances
(U = unlimited) Root Opening
As
As Fit
Root Face
T1
T2
Groove Angle Detailed
Up
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-U4b
GMAW
FCAW
B-U4b-GF
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= 45
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 18
Not limited
+10, 5
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Notes
All
Br, C, N
All
Not
required
A, Br,
C, N

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
As
As Fit
Root Face
T1
T2
Up
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
TC-U4b
GMAW
FCAW
TC-U4b-GF
SAW
TC-U4b-S
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions
FCAW
Notes
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= 45
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 1 8
Not limited
+10, 5
All
C, J, R, V
All
Not
required
A, C, J,
R, V
R=0
f = 1 4 max
= 60
0
+0, 1 8
+10, 0
+1 4 , 0
C, J, R, V
116
+10, 5
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 143
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Tolerances
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

Butt joint (B)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
SMAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
As
Fit Up
R = 0
+ 1 4 , 0
f = 1 16 , 0
1 16
= +10, 0
+10, 5
+116 , 0
+1 8 , 0
Spacer
Joint
Designation
As
Detailed
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions
FCAW
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Root
Face
Groove
Angle
B-U5b
U
Spacer =18 R
R = 1 4
f = 0 to 1 8
= 45
All
Br, C,
M, N
TC-U5a
U
Spacer =14 R
R = 1 4
f = 0 to 1 8
= 45
All
C, J, M,
R, V
R = 3 8
f = 0 to 1 8
= 30
F, OH
C, J, M,
R, V
Notes

Butt joint (B)
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
Joint
As
As Fit
Welding DesigRoot Face
T1
T2
Groove Angle
Detailed
Up
Process nation
SMAW
B-U5a
GMAW B-U5-GF
FCAW
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Welding
for
Positions FCAW
Notes
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 18
= 45
= 0 to 15
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 18
Not limited
+1 16 , 0
+ , +10, 0 + , +10, 5
All
Br, C,
M, N
R = 0 to 1 8
f = 0 to 18
= 45
= 0 to 15
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+ = +10, 0
All
Not req.
A, Br,
C, M,
N
+1 16 , 18
Not limited
+ = +10,
5
8 - 144
Table 8-36 (cont.).

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
TC-U5b
GMAW TC-U5-GF
FCAW
SAW
TC-U5-S
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
As
As Fit
Root Face
T1
T2
Groove Angle
Detailed
Up
U
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Gas
Shielding
for
(FCAW)
Notes
R = 0 to 18
f = 0 to 1 8
= 45
+1 16 , 0
+1 16 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 1 8
Not limited
+10, 5
All
C, J, M,
R, V
All
Not req.
A, C, J,
M, R, V
R=0
f = 3 16 max
= 60
0
+0, 3 16
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0
C, J, M,
R, V
1 16
+10, 5
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 145
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Tolerances
Single-U-groove weld (6)

Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-U6
GMAW
FCAW
Base
Metal
Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As
Detailed
As
Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 16 , 18
= +10, 0
+10, 5
f = 1 16
Not limited
r = +1 8 , 0
+1 8 , 0
Groove Preparation
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Notes
C, N
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Root
Face
Groove
Radius
Permitted
Welding
Positions
R = 0 to 1 8
= 45
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
All
R = 0 to 1 8
= 20
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
F, OH
C, N
R = 0 to 1 8
= 45
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
All
C, J, R
C-U6
R = 0 to 1 8
= 20
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
F, OH
C, J, R
B-U6-GF
R = 0 to 1 8
= 20
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
All
Not req.
A, C, N
C-U6-GF
R = 0 to 1 8
= 20
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
All
Not req.
A, C,
J, R
Double-U-groove weld (7)

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
T1
T2
B-U7
GMAW
FCAW
B-U7-GF
SAW
B-U7-S
Tolerances
Tolerances
For B-U7 and B-U7-GF
For B-U7-S
As
Detailed
As
Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 16 , 18
R = 0
+ 1 16 , 0
+10, 5
= +0, 1 4
1 16
f = 1 16 , 0
Not limited
r = +1 4 , 0
1 16
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Groove Welding
for
Radius Positions
FCAW
Groove
Angle
Root
Face
R = 0 to 1 8 = 45
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
All
R = 0 to 1 8 = 20
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
R = 0 to 1 8 = 20
f = 1 8
r = 1 4
r = 1 4
R=0
As
Fit Up
= +10, 0
Groove Preparation
Root
Opening
As
Detailed
= 20 f = 1 4 max
Notes
C, M, N
F, OH
C, M, N
All
Not
required
A, C,
M, N
C, M, N
8 - 146
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Tolerances
Single-J-groove weld (8)

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As
Detailed
As
Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 16 , 18
= +10, 0
+10, 5
f = 1 16 , 0
Not limited
r = +1 4 , 0
1 16
Groove Preparation
Permitted
Groove Welding
Radius Positions
Notes
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Root
Face
B-U8
R = 0 to 1 8
= 45
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
Br, C, N
B-U8-GF
R = 0 to 1 8
= 30
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
Not
required
A, Br,
C, N
Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
TC-U8a
GMAW
FCAW
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
TC-U8a-GF
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
As
Detailed
As
Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 16 , 18
= +10, 0
+10, 5
f = 1 16 , 0
Not limited
r = +1 4 , 0
1 16
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Groove Welding
for
Radius Positions FCAW
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Root
Face
R = 0 to 1 8
= 45
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
C, J, R,
V
R = 0 to 1 8
= 30
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
F, OH
C, J, R,
V
R = 0 to 1 8
= 30
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
Not
required
A, C, J,
R, V
Notes
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 147
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Tolerances
Double-J-groove weld (9)

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
As
Detailed
As
Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 16 , 18
= +10, 0
+10, 5
f = 1 16 , 0
Not limited
r = +1 8 , 0
1 16
Groove Preparation
Permitted
Groove Welding
Radius Positions
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Root
Face
B-U9
R = 0 to 1 8
= 45
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
Br, C,
M, N
B-U9-GF
R = 0 to 1 8
= 30
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
Not
required
A, Br,
C, M, N
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
TC-U9a
TC-U9a-GF
Notes
Tolerances

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
GMAW
FCAW
Gas
Shielding
for
FCAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Groove Preparation
As
Detailed
As
Fit Up
R = +1 16, 0
+ 1 16 , 18
= +10, 0
+10, 5
f = +1 16 , 0
Not limited
r = +1 8 , 0
1 16
Gas
Permitted Shielding
Groove Welding
for
Radius Positions
FCAW
T1
T2
Root
Opening
Groove
Angle
Root
Face
R = 0 to 18
= 45
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
C, J, M,
R, V
R = 0 to 18
= 30
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
F, OH
C, J, M,
R, V
R = 0 to 18
= 30
f = 1 8
r = 3 8
All
Not
required
A, C, J,
M, R, V
Notes
8 - 148
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds
Butt joint (B)
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
T1
SMAW
B-P1a
1 8
max
B-P1c
1 4
max
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
T2
Root
Opening
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
Notes
R = 0 to 116
+1 16 , 0
1 16
All
T 1 1 32
T1
R=
min
2
+1 16 , 0
1 16
All
T1
2

Butt joint (B)
E 1 + E 2 must not exceed
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-P1b
3T1
4
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
T1
T2
max
1 4
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Root
Opening
As
Detailed
As Fit
Up
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
T1
R=
2
1 16 , 0
1 16
All
3T1
Notes

Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
BC-P2
GMAW
FCAW
BC-P2-GF
SAW
BC-P2-S
Groove Preparation
Base
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
Root Face
As
As Fit
T1
T2
Up
1 4
1 4
7 16
min
min
min
R=0
f = 132 min
- 60
0, +1 16
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 8 min
- 60
0, +1 16
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 4 min
- 60
0
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0*
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
All
B, E,
Q2
All
A, B,
E, Q2
B, E,
Q2
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
Notes
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 149
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-P3
GMAW
FCAW
B-P3-GF
SAW
B-P3-S
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
Root Face
As
As Fit
T1
T2
Up
1 2
1 2
3 4
min
min
min
R=0
f = 1 8 min
= 60
+116 , 0
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 8 min
= 60
+116 , 0
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 4 min
= 60
0
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0*
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
All
E, Mp,
Q2
All
A, E,
Mp, Q2
E, Mp,
Q2
1 16
Notes
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
8 - 150
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Butt joint (B)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
BTC-P4
GMAW
FCAW
BTC-P4-GF
SAW
TC-P4-S
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
Root Face
As
As Fit
T1
T2
Up
U
1 4
7 16
min
min
R=0
f = 1 8 min
= 45
+1 16 , 0
unlimited
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 8 min
= 45
+1 16 , 0
unlimited*
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 4 min
= 60
0
+u, 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
All
S 18
B, E,
J2, Q2,
V
F, H
V, OH
S 1 8
A, B, E,
J2, Q2,
V
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
All
(S 1 8 )
1 4
E, J2, L,
Mp, Q2,
V
All
(S 1 + S 2 )
A, E,
J2, L,
Mp, Q2,
V
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
Notes
B, E,
J2, Q2,
V

Butt joint (B)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
BTC-P5
GMAW
FCAW
BTC-P5-GF
SAW
TC-P5-S
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness
Tolerances
Root Face
As
As Fit
T1
T2
Up
5 16
1 2
3 4
min
min
min
R=0
f = 1 8 min
= 45
+1 16 , 0
unlimited
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 8 min
= 45
+1 16 , 0
unlimited
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 4 min
= 60
0
unlimited
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0*
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
+10, 5
*For flat and horizontal postiions f = + u , 0
1 4
S1 + S2
Notes
E, J2, L,
Mp, Q2,
V
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 151
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-U-groove weld (6)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
BC-P6
GMAW
FCAW
BC-P6-GF
SAW
BC-P6-S
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness Root Opening
Tolerances
(U = unlimited)
Root Face
Groove Radius
As
As Fit
T1
T2
Up
1 4
1 4
7 16
min
min
min
R=0
f = 1 32 min
r = 1 4
= 45
+1 16 , 0
+u, 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 8 min
r = 1 4
= 20
+1 16 , 0
+u, 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 4 min
r = 1 4
= 20
0
+u, 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
All
B, E,
Q2
All
A, B, E,
Q2
B, E,
Q2
Permitted
Welding
Positions
Effective
Throat
(E)
All
S1 + S2
E, Mp,
Q2
All
S1 + S2
A, E,
Mp, Q2
S1 + S2
E,
Mp, Q2
1 16
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
1 16
+10, 5
Notes
Double-U-groove weld (7)

Butt joint (B)
Welding
Process
Joint
Designation
SMAW
B-P7
GMAW
FCAW
B-P7-GF
SAW
B-P7-S
Base
Groove Preparation
Metal Thickness Root Opening
Tolerances
(U = unlimited)
Root Face
Groove Radius
As
As Fit
T1
T2
Up
1 2
1 2
3 4
min
min
min
R=0
f = 1 8 min
r = 1 4
= 45
+1 16 , 0
+u, 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 8 min
r = 1 4
= 20
+1 16 , 0
+u, 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 8 , 1 16
R=0
f = 1 4 min
r = 1 4
= 20
0
+u, 0
+1 4 , 0
+10, 0
+1 16 , 0
1 16
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
1 16
+10, 5
1 16
1 16
+10, 5
Notes
8 - 152
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Butt joint (B)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
SMAW
Joint
Designation
TC-P8*
SMAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
T1
T2
1 4
min
BC-P8**
1 4
min
GMAW
FCAW
TC-P8-GF*
1 4
min
GMAW
FCAW
BC-P8-GF**
1 4
min
SAW
TC-P8-S*
7 16
min
SAW
C-P8-S**
7 16
min
Groove Preparation
Root Opening
Tolerances
Root Face
As
As Fit
Groove Radius
Up
R=0
+1 16 , 0 +1 8 , 1 16
1
f = 8 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 3 8
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 45
+10, 0 +10, 5
R=0
+1 16 , 0 +1 8 , 1 16
f = 1 8 min
1 16
+u, 0
3
r = 8
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 30
+10, 0 +10, 5
R=0
+1 16 , 0 +1 8 , 1 16
f = 1 8 min
1 16
+u, 0
3
r = 8
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 45
+10, 0 +10, 5
1
1
R=0
+ 16 , 0 + 8 , 1 16
f = 1 8 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 3 8
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 30
+10, 0 +10, 5
1
R=0
0
+ 16 , 0
f = 1 4 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 1 2
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 45
+10, 0 +10, 5
R=0
0
+1 16 , 0
f = 1 4 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 1 2
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 20
+10, 0 +10, 5
*Applies to inside corner joints.

**Applies to outside corner joints.
Permitted Effective
Welding
Throat
Positions
(E)
All
S
Notes
E, J2,
Q2, V
All
E, J2,
Q2, V
All
A, E,
J2, Q2,
V
All
A, E,
J2, Q2,
V
E, J2,
Q2, V
E, J2,
Q2, V
WELDED CONSTRUCTION
8 - 153
Table 8-36 (cont.).

Flare Welds
Butt joint (B)
T-joint ( T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
SMAW
Joint
Designation
BTC-P9*
GMAW
FCAW
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
T1
T2
1 2
min
BTC-P9-GF**
1 2
min
SAW
C-P9-S*
3 4
min
SAW
C-P9-S**
3 4
min
SAW
T-P9-S
3 4
min
Groove Preparation
Root Opening
Tolerances
Root Face
As
As Fit
Groove Radius
Up
1
1
R=0
+ 16 , 0 + 8 , 1 16
f = 1 8 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 3 8
1 16
+1 4 , 0
= 45
+10, 0 +10, 5
1
1
R=0
+ 16 , 0 + 8 , 1 16
f = 1 8 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 3 8
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 30
+10, 0 +10, 5
R=0
0
+1 16 , 0
f = 1 4 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 1 2
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 45
+10, 0 +10, 5
R=0
0
116 , 0
f = 1 4 min
1 16
+u, 0
r = 1 2
+1 4 , 0
1 16
= 20
+10, 0 +10, 5
R=0
0
+1 16 , 0
f = 1 4 min
1 16
+u, 0
1
r = 1 2
+ 4 , 0
1 16
= 45
+10, 0 +10, 5
Permitted Effective
Welding
Throat
Positions
(E)
All
S1 + S2
Notes
E, J2,
Mp, Q2,
V
All
S1 + S2
A, J2,
Mp, Q2,
V
S1 + S2
E, J2,
Mp, Q2,
V
S1 + S2
E, J2,
Mp, Q2,
V
S1 + S2
E, J2,
Mp, Q2
Single-J-groove weld (B)

Butt joint (B)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Welding
Process
SMAW
Joint
Designation
BTC-P10
Base
Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited)
T1
T2
3 16
min
GMAW
FCAW
BTC-P10-GF
SAW
T-P10-S
3 16
min
1 2
1 2
min
min
Groove Preparation
Tolerances
Root Opening
As
As Fit
Root Face
T3
Bend Radius Detailed
Up
1
1
T 1 min
R=0
+ 16 , 0 + 8 , 1 16
f = 316 min
+U, 1 16
+U, 0
3T1
0, +Not- 0, +NotC=
min
Limited
Limited
2
T 1 min
R=0
+116 , 0 + 1 8, 116
f = 316 min
+U, 1 16
+U, 0
3T 1
0, +Not- 0, +NotC=
min
Limited
Limited
2
N/A
R=0
0
+ 1 16, 0
1
f = 2 min
+U, 1 16
+U, 0
3T1
0, +Not- 0, +NotC=
min
Limited
Limited
2
*Applies to inside corner joints.

**Applies to outside corner joints.
Permitted Effective
Welding Throat
Positions
(E)
Notes
5 8 T 1
J2,
All
Q2, Z
All
5 8 T 1
A, J2,
Q2, Z
5 8 T 1
J2,
Q2, Z

Welded Joints and Symbols

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8 - 134

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

limited thickness, complete-joint-penetration

submerged arc welding SAW

BC butt or corner joint

Symbols for Base Metal Thickness and Penetration

Symbols for Weld Types

Symbols for Welding Positions

Notes to Prequalified Welded Joints

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Supplementary Weld Symbols

For other basic and

Standard Location of Elements of a Welding Symbol

Groove angle or included

Length of weld in inches

Pitch (c. to c. spacing)

Tail (omitted when

Field weld symbol

Basic weld symbol

Arrow connects reference line to arrow side

, weld symbols must be at left.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

Table 8-36 (cont.).

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Square-groove weld (1)

Square-groove weld (1)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-V-groove weld (2)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-V-groove weld (2)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Double-V-groove weld (3)

Double-V-groove weld (3)

For T 1 > 614, or T 1 2

To find S 1 see table above; S 2 = T 1 (S 1 + f )

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

Table 8-36 (cont.).

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Table 8-36 (cont.).

Single-U-groove weld (6)

Double-U-groove weld (7)