Académique Documents
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STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
7.1.1 GENERAL
Slabs form and roof of building. Generally they are assumed to carry
uniformly distributed loads. In most cases slabs are analyzed for flexure only.
Usually slabs are horizontal except in the case
support slabs.
Consider a slab panel support on all its four sides. If the ratio of the long
span to the short span is greater than 2 the load or the slab is taken as carried by the
short span. Such a slab is called as a one way slab. If the ratio of the long span to
the short span is less than of 2 the load or the slab is taken as carried partly by the
short and long span such a slab is called as a two way slab. A greater part of the
load is carried by the short span.
The reinforcement for a one way slab consists of main bars and distribution
bars or temperature bars. These two sets of bars form a mesh of reinforcement. The
either direction shall ne not less than 0.12% of cross area when high grade Fe 415
bars are used and 0.15% of the cross area when yield steel Fe 250 bars are used.
The load acting on the slab is
1. Dead load
2. Imposed or live load
TAKEN DATA:
Passage
= 1.76m10.22m
Fy
= 415 N/mm2
Fck
= 20 N/mm2
= 10.22/1.76 = 5.80
Ly/Lx > 2
= 35
= 1760/35
100mm
= d + cover + /2
= 100 + 20 + (10/2) = 125mm
4
130mm
=DB
= 0.13 25 1 = 3.25 KN/m
Floor finishing
= 1 KN/m
= 4.25 KN/m
Factored load
= 1.5Wd = 1.54.25
= 6.375 KN/m
= 31 = 3 KN/m
Floor finishing
= 1 KN/m
= 4 KN/m
Factored load
= 1.5Wl = 1.54
= 6 KN/m
Mu1
= - [((6.3751.862)/12) + ((61.862)/9)]
= - 4.16 KNm
(ii)Middle span
Mu2
= [(Wdl2/16) + (Wll2/12)]
= [((6.3751.862)/16) + ((61.862)/12)]
= 3.09 KNm
= - [(Wdl2/10) + (Wll2/9)]
= - [((6.3751.862)/10) + ((61.862)/9)]
= - 4.5 KNm
= [(Wdl2/12) + (Wll2/10)]
= [((6.3751.862)/12) + (61.862)/10)]
= 3.90 KNm
= (Wd0.6) + (Wl0.6)
= (6.3750.6) + (60.6)
Vu
= 7.42 KN
6
Vu
= 7.421.46 = 13.06 KN
Mulimit
= 0.1382010001002
= 27.6106 Nmm
Mulimit
[1-
Ast
= 450mm2
Spacing
[1-
]bd
]1000100
= (ast/Ast)1000
= ((/4)102)/450)1000
= 180mm
= 0.12% BD
= (0.12/100)1000130
Ast
= 156mm2
7
= (ast/Ast)1000
= ((/4)82)/156)1000
S
= 320mm
= vu/bd = 13.06103/(100000)
= 0.13 N/mm2
= (100450)/(1000100)
= 0.45 N/mm2
= 6 nos
= 0.58fy[Ast/no.of bararea]
= 0.58415[450/(6(/4)102)]
=229mm
= (L/20)1.6
8
= (1760/20)1.6
d
= 55
= 20 N/mm
Fy
= 415 N/mm
=10mm
= 3050/35 = 87.14
=90mm
= 120mm
= D b
= 0.12251
=3 KN/m
2. Live load
=31 = 3 KN/m
= 7 KN/m
Factor load
= 7 1.5
W
= 10.5 KN/m
L/L
=1.2
= 0.048, = 0.036
= 0.028, = 0.037
-M
= W Leff
-M
= 0.04810.53.14
= 4.985KNm
= 0.03610.53.14
= 3.738KNm
-M
= W Leff
-M
= 0.03710.53.14
= 3.842KNm
= 0.02810.53.14
= 2.907KNm
= 1/2w Leff
= 1/210.53.14
Vu
= 16.51KN
d = Mu/2.76b
d =
d = 42.5 mm
Effective depth provided Effective depth required
90
42.5
13
s = 275.82N/mm
Modification factor =1.6
= (3145/(261.6))
=75.60mm
Effective depth provided = 95mm75mm
Hence the slab is safe in deflection .
15
16
17
Beams are meant for supporting slabs, walls are secondary beam.
For a simply supported beam or slab the effective span can be taken as clear
span plus effective are the distance between the centers of bearing whichever
is less.
In the case of continuous beam are slab if width of the support is
less than of the span, the effective span should be taken as mentioned
above. If the supports are wider than of clear span or 600mm. whichever
is less than, effective span shall be taken as follows.
1. For end span with one end fixed and other continuous, or for
intermediate span, the effective span shall be the clear span between
support and
2. For end span with one end fixed and other continuous, the effective
span shall be equal to the clear span plus half width of continuous
support, whichever is less.
Beam must possess adequate stiffness to prevent such deflection as
might impair the strength, appearance or efficiency of the structure or
produce crack in finishes and partition. The deflection shall generally be
limited to the following.
The final deflection due to all loads including the effect of
temperature, creep and shrinking measured for the case- level of supports of
18
floor, roofs and all other horizontal members should not normally exceeds
span/250.
The deflection due to all loads including the effect of temperature,
creep and shrinking occurring after erection partition and the application of
finished should not normally exceed span/350 or 20mm whichever is less.
19
TAKEN DATA:
Beam size: 300mm500mm
Room size: 3.66m3.05M
Fck
= 20N/mm
Fy
= 415N/mm
=460mm
= BD
=0.5125
=12.5 KN/m
20
=40.16KN/m
=Total load1.5
=40.161.5
=60.24KN/m
BM = (Fdd(Leff))/16) + (Fdl(Leff))/12)
= ((60.243.28)/16) + ((18.33.28)/12)
= 40.50 + 16.4
= 56.90KNm
(iii)FM at support next to the end support:
BM = - (Fdd(Leff))/10) (Fdl(Leff))/9)
= - ((60.243.28)/10) ((18.33.28)/9)
= - 64.80 21.37
= -86.67KNm
Step:5 Check for depth
Mu max
= Qu bd
d
= 320mm
22
23
Step:7 Curtailment
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
24
25
TAKEN DATA:
Door width = 1.20m
Height of wall above lintel (h) =1.0m
Wall thick =230mm
Fck = 20 N/mm2
Fy
= 415N/mm2
= 150 -20-8/2
Effective depth
= 126mm
Lesser is 1.326m
26
=0.8661.326=1.15m
h<0.866l
The weight of rectangular portion of wall above the lintel
=LBh
= 1.3260.230.8519 = 4.93KN
=LBd
Self weight
= 1.3260.230.1525
= 1.15KN
Total load
= 4.93+1.15 = 6.15KN
Factored load
= 1.5Total load
Wu
= 1.56.15 = 9.21KN
27
=
=
= 56.13mm
d provided d required
126mm 56.13mm
The design is safe.
Step: 7 Area of steel reinforcement
Mu
= 0.87fyAstd [1-(fyAst)/(fckbd)]
= 45492.3Ast 32.57Ast
= 60.42mm
= Ast/ast
= 60.42/((/4)8)
No.of.bars
= 2Nos
28
Taken data:
Size of sunshade = 2m0.6m
Fck
=20 N/mm
Fy
= 415N/mm
= 2/0.6
= 3.33mm
3.33
= span/7
= 600/7 = 85.71
85mm
= d + cover +/2
29
= 85 + 15 + 10/2
= 105mm
=0.715m
Self weight
= 25 1 1 0.105
= 2.62KN/m
Live load
= 2KN/m
Floor finishing
= 1KN/m
Total load
= 5.62KN/m
(w)
= (W Leff )/8
= ( 8.43 0.715)/8
30
= 0.53810 Nm
Step: 7 Check for effective depth
d
=
=
= 13.98mm
Mu
= 0.87fyAstd[1-(Astfy)/(fckbd)]
0.538106 = 0.87415Astd[1-(Ast415)/(20100085)]
0.53810 = 30689.25Ast 7.49Ast2
7.49Ast -30689.25Ast + 0.53810 = 0
Ast
Spacing
= 17.62mm2
= (ast/Ast)1000
= ((/4)82)/ 17.62)1000
= 285.27 mm
31
= 0.12% bd
= (0.12/100)100080
Ast
Spacing
= 96mm2
= (ast/Ast)1000
= (/4)82/96)1000
= 523.59mm
32
33
34
35
Spacing of transverse link shall not exceed the least of the following:
1. The least lateral dimension of the column.
2. Sixteen times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing road in
the column.
3. Fourty eight times diameter of the transverse reinforcement.
36
Taken data:
Axial load = 500KN
Fck
= 20N/mm2
Fy
= 415N/mm2
=1.5500 = 750KN
Length of column= 3m
Step:1 Size of column
ASC
=1% ag
= 1/100 ag
Asc
= 0.01ag
Ac
= ag 0.01ag
= 0.99ag
Pu
= (0.4fckAc) + (0.67fyAsc)
750103
= (0.4200.99ag) + (0.674150.01ag)
750103
= 10.70ag
Ag
= 750103/10.70
37
Ag
= 70093.45
A2
=70093.45
=264.75 300mm
= 0.01ag
Asc
=0.01(300300)
Ascmax=900mm2
Step:2 Slenderness ratio
Both end fixed, Leff = 0.65L
Effective length
= 0.653000
=1950mm
= 16mm<emin = 20mm
Emin = 0.05D = 0.05300 =15mm
Step:4 Area of longitudinal steel, Asc
Pu
= (0.4fckAsc) +( 0.67fyAsc)
Ag
=300300 = 90000mm2
Ac
= Ag Asc
= 30000/270.05
Asc
= 111mm2
Hence ok
Step:5 Lateral ties
(a)Diameter
Minimum diameter is the greater of
(i) 6mm
(ii) 1/4larger longitudinal bar diameter = (1/4) 16 =
4mm say 8mm
(b)Pitch
Minimum pitch is the least of
(i)
(ii)
= 300mm
=256mm
(iii)
300mm
Pitch = 300mm
Provide 8mm lateral ties@300mm c/c distance.
40
41
42
transfers the load to the soil on which it rests. It forms a very important
part of the structure. The ground surface in contact with the lower surface
of the foundation is called the base of the fold foundation. The ground on
which the foundation rests is called the sub grade or foundation soil.
A foundation should be designed to safely transmit the load of the
structure on to a sufficient area of the soil so that the shear failure resulting
in the sliding area of the soil along a plane of rupture and thus result in
the collapse of the structure. Still another point of importance is the need to
bring about uniform settlements which should be within the tolerance of the
superstructure.
Due to the load of the structure the soil below is compressed. The
settlements of the soil depend on various factors like the intensity of the
Lording, the quality of the soil and the depth below the surface level. It is
very necessary that the settlements of the various components of a structure
should the same to prevent secondary stresses. To ensure uniform settlement
it is Necessary that the foundation of a structure.
43
= 750 KN
Size of column
= 300300mm
SBC of soil
= 200KN
Fck
= 20 N/mm2
Fy
= 415 N/mm2
Mulimit
= 2.76 bd2
= 750 KN
= 6.14 KN
= 5.62 KN
Total load
= 761.76 KN
Factored load
= 10% = (10/100)1142.64
= 114.264 KN
= 1142.64 + 114.264
= 1256.904 KN
44
Area of footing
= 2.50m2
= (0.32.50)
= 0.75
Size aa
1m
= 11 = 1m2
= (1.5P)/area of footing
= (1.51142.62)/(11)
= 1713.93 KN/m2
= qa(0.351)
= 1713.93(0.351)(0.35/2)
Mu
= 105.0KNm
=
45
=
d
= 195.0
200mm
= 260mm
= D 50 + 20/2
= 260 60
= 200mm
= 2.76 bd2
= 2.7610002002
Mulimit
= 1104KNm
= 0.87fyAstd[1-(Ast fy)/(fckbd)]
= 0.87415Ast200[1-(415Ast/(201000200))]
10510
= 72210Ast 7.49Ast2
= 1784.3mm2
46
= (/4)202 = 314.15mm2
6 nos
= (0.87fy)/(4bd)
= (0.8741514)/(41.21.6)
Ld
= 658.16mm
= p/w [(1-sin)/(1+sin)]2
= 200/20 [(1-sin30)/(1+sin30)]
= 100.11
= 1.1m
Bearing stress
Permissible bending stress
= 0.380Nmm2
= 0.45fck /a
= 0.30.3 = 0.09m2
= 0.4520 /0.09
= 100 Nmm2
48
49
8. DETAILED ESTMATE
QUANTITY
S.NO
1
DESCRIPTION
NOS
L (m)
B (m) D (m)
(m3)
24
1.1
26.4
Steps
1.2
0.9
0.1
0.108
49
0.3
0.5
7.35
14.04
0.3
0.5
2.106
9.54
0.3
0.5
1.431
EARTH BEAM
(a) Wall allround
(i)watting hall,ABDO
,JE,AE room
(ii) security room,
passade,W.H
TOTAL
2
37.395
SAND FILLING
FOOTING
24
0.1
2.4
,AE ,JE
3.66
3.05
0.6
26.7912
3.66
1.95
0.6
4.2822
3.66
1.27
0.6
2.78892
(iv) Passage 1
3.89
1.33
0.6
3.10422
(v) Passage 2
10.22
1.76
0.6
10.79232
3.66
3.66
0.6
8.03736
5.65
3.59
0.6
12.1701
BASEMENT
(i) Office room,BDO
50
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
(viii) Toilet
NOS
L(m)
B(m)
D(m)
QUANTITY
1.72
2.24
0.6
4.62336
TOTAL
3
74.96
P.C.C 1:4:8
Foundation
24
0.15
3.6
24
0.2
4.8
24
0.65
0.65
0.3
3.042
(b) Column
24
0.3
0.3
0.25
0.54
G.L
(a) Footing
TOTAL
15.34
G.L
(a) Column
24
0.3
0.3
6.48
49
0.23
0.3
3.38
(i) W.Hl,ABDO,A.E,J.E
14.04
0.23
0.3
9.54
0.23
0.3
0.58
Long beam 1
14.5
0.3
0.5
6.525
Long beam 2
10.47
0.3
0.5
1.5705
Long beam 3
2.24
0.3
0.5
0.336
Short beam 1
10
0.3
0.5
(B) BEAM
51
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
NOS
L(m)
B(m)
D(m)
QUANTITY
20
1.2
0.23
0.15
0.828
(D) Sunshade
10
0.6
0.1
1.2
Slab 1
3.66
3.05
0.13
5.80476
Slab 2
3.66
3.66
0.13
1.741428
Slab 3
5.65
3.59
0.13
2.636855
Slab 4
3.66
1.27
0.13
0.604266
Slab 5
3.66
1.95
0.13
0.92781
Slab 6
10.22
1.76
0.13
2.338336
Slab 7
3.66
1.33
0.13
0.632814
Slab 8
1.72
2.24
0.13
1.001728
(E) SLAB
TOTAL
6
39.561
BRICK WORK
(a) Basement
Long wall 1
14.5
0.23
0.6
6.003
Long wall 2
10.47
0.23
0.6
1.44486
Long wall 3
2.24
0.23
0.6
0.30912
Short wall
10
0.23
0.6
2.76
Long wall 1
14.5
0.23
30.015
Long wall 2
10.47
0.23
7.2243
Long wall 3
2.24
0.23
1.5456
Short wall
10
0.23
13.8
(b)Super structure
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
NOS
L(m)
B(m)
D(m)
QUANTITY
Long wall
14.5
0.23
0.6
4.002
Short wall
10
0.23
0.6
2.76
TOTAL
69.863
DEDUCTION
Door 1
1.2
0.23
2.1
4.6368
Door 2
0.9
0.23
2.1
0.8694
Windows
10
1.2
0.23
1.2
3.312
Ventilator
0.6
0.23
0.3
0.0828
DEDUCTION = 8.901
TOTAL = 60.962
PLASTERING IN CM
7
(m2)
1:3,12mm TK
a)outer side allround
49
147
waiting area
3.66
87.84
office room
3.66
21.96
security room
1.27
7.62
file room
3.66
33.9
ladies toilet
1.72
10.32
gents toilet
1.72
10.32
b)INNER SIDE
(I) LONG WALL
BDO,ABDO,AE ROOM
53
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
NOS
L(m)
passage 1
passage 2
B(m)
D(m)
QUANTITY
1.76
10.56
1.33
7.98
waiting area
3.05
73.2
office room
3.05
18.3
security room
3.66
21.96
ladies toilet
2.24
13.44
gents toilet
2.24
13.44
passage 1
10.22
61.32
passage 2
3.396
20.376
waiting area
3.66
3.05
44.652
office room
3.66
3.05
11.163
security room
1.27
3.66
4.648
file room
3.66
1.95
7.187
ladies toilet
1.72
2.24
3.85
gents toilet
1.72
2.24
3.85
passage 1
1.76
10.22
17.98
passage2
1.336
3.396
4.53
(a)Inside
14.5
0.6
8.7
short wall
14.04
0.6
16.84
long wall
9.54
0.6
11.44
CEILLING
BDO,ABDO,AE ROOM
PARAPET WALL
54
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
NOS
L(m)
short wall
long wall
B(m)
D(m)
QUANTITY
14.5
0.6
8.7
10
0.6
Bottom
0.6
1.2
Top
0.6
1.2
Side
(b)Out side
SUNSHADE
0.1
TOTAL
0.6
711.8
DEDUCTION
door 1
0.9
2.1
7.56
door
1.2
2.1
15.12
Window
10
1.2
1.2
14.4
Ventilator
0.6
0.3
0.36
TOTAL
37.44
DEDUCTION
8
674.36
Top celling
9.54
14.04
267.88
Coats
As per plastering area
55
674.36
S.NO DESCRIPTION
10
NOS
L(m)
B(m)
D(m)
Providing
Lump sum
Electrification work
Providing pumping
11
work
Lump sum
12
Lump sum
13
Sanitary work
Lump sum
56
QUANTITY
MATERIALS
COST
PER
Brick
4500
1000 nos
Sand
500
Gravel
111
600
780
Cement
5200
Ton
Steel
65
Kg
White cement
35
Kg
C.R.Masonry
242
10
Mixing Charge
100
11
Paint
250
Liter
12
20
1 no
13
55
14
Building Wire
90
Kg
15
Crude oil
60
Kg
16
Mason 1 class
600
Day
17
Mason 2 class
450
Day
18
Mazdoor 1 class
350
Day
19
Mazdoor 2 class
300
Day
57
S.NO
MATERIALS
COST
PER
20
400
Day
21
350
Day
22
Carpenter 1 class
350
Day
23
Carpenter 2 class
300
Day
24
Painter 1 class
450
Day
25
Painter 2 class
400
Day
26
350
Day
27
Centering
200
Day
28
Lime
2200
Day
58
9. ABSTRACT ESTIMATE
SUB DATA
Cement mortor 1:3 m3
S.NO
QTY
ITEMES
RATE
PER
AMOUNT
1
2
3
480
m3
m3
Cement
Sand
Mixing Charges
5200
500
100
Ton
m3
m3
2496
500
100
3
m =3096
Cement
Mortor
1:5-m3
S.NO
QTY
ITEMES
RATE
PER
AMOUNT
1
2
3
288kgs
m3
m3
Cement
Sand
Mixing Charges
5200
500
100
Ton
m3
m3
1498
500
100
3
m =2098
P.C.C 1:4:8 m3
S.NO
QTY
ITEMES
RATE
PER
AMOUNT
1
2
3
4
167kgs
0.46m3
0.92m3
m3
Cement
Sand
Aggregate 40mm
Mixing Charges
5200
500
780
100
Ton
m3
m3
m3
869
230
718
100
3
m =1917
59
R.C.C 1:1.5:3 m3
S.NO
1
2
3
4
QTY
393kgs
0.41m3
0.82m3
m3
ITEMES
Cement
Sand
Aggregate
Mixing Charges
SAND
S.NO
1
2
3
S.NO
1
2
3
S.NO
1
2
3
QTY
m3
m3
m3
RATE
5200
500
780
100
PER
Ton
m3
m3
m3
AMOUNT
2044
205
640
100
3
m =2989
RATE
111
300
250
PER
m3
Each
Each
AMOUNT
111
300
250
m3=661
1:3 m2
RATE
310
600
450
PER
m2
Day
Day
AMOUNT
310
300
225
2
m =735
PER
Day
Day
1 Liter
AMOUNT
225
200
250
2
m =675
FILING m3
ITEMES
Gravel
Male C0llie
Female Collie
QTY
m2
0.5 day
0.5 day
PLASTERING
ITEMES
C.M 1:3
Mason 1 Class
Mason 2 Class
QTY
0.5 day
0.5 day
1
PAITING - 1 -m2
ITEMES
RATE
Painter 1 Class
450
Painter 2 Class
400
Paint
250
60
MAIN DATA
S.NO QTY ITEMES
1
37.395 Earth work Excavation
2
16.676 C.M 1:5
3
74.96 Sand filling
4
3.6
PCC 1:4:8
5
54.9 RCC 1:1.5:3
6
10
Bar bender 1 Class
7
10
Bar bender 2 Class
8
2
Binding wire
9
150 Centering
10
34431 Brick
11
500 Steel
12
675 Plastering
13
675 Painting
14
L.S Electrical work
15
L.S Water Supply work
16
L.S Toilet work
17
L.S Septic tank work
18
L.S Wood & gril
19
1400 Mangalore tiles
20
134 Weathering Course
RATE
800
2098
661
1917
2989
400
350
90
200
4500
65
735
675
10000
5000
5000
10000
10000
20
500
PER
1m3
1m3
1m3
1m3
1m3
Day
Day
Kg
m2
Nos
Kg
m2
m2
L.S
L.S
L.S
L.S
L.S
1ft2
m2
TOTAL=
Add 5% of wastages=
TOTAL AMOUNT
61
AMOUNT
29916
34986.248
49548.56
6901.2
164096.1
4000
3500
180
30000
154939500
32500
496125
455625
L.S
L.S
L.S
L.S
L.S
28000
67000
1541878.1
77093.9
16,18,972
10. CONCLUSION
As per complete work we are here with submitted the total cost of the
project
The total area of the building measure as
= 145 m2
= 16,18,972 RS
= 11165 RS
= 1600 sq.ft
= 1015 RS
62
63
64