05 01 Trigonometric Ratios

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Trigonometry
1.TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
1. If a ray OP makes an angle with the positive direction of X-axis then

y
x
ii) cos =
i) Sin =
r
r
x
y
iii) tan = (x 0)
iv) cot =
(y 0)
y
x
y
r
r
(x 0)
vi) cosec =
(y 0)
v) sec =
x
y
2. Relations :
i) sin cosec = 1
ii) cos sec = 1
O
iii) tan cot = 1
iv) sin2 + cos2 = 1
(sec + tan ) (sec tan ) = 1.
v) 1 + tan2 = sec2
1
sec + tan =
=1
sec tan
vi) 1 + cot2 = cosec2 (cosec + cot ) (cosec cot ) = 1
1
cosec + cot =
cosec cot
2
2
vii) sec + cosec = sec2 . cosec2
viii) tan2 sin2 = tan2 . sin2 ;
cot2 cos2 = cot2 . cos2
ix) sin2 + cos4 = 1 sin2 cos2
= sin4 + cos2
x) sin4 + cos4 = 1 2sin2 cos2
xi) sin6 + cos6 = 1 3sin2 cos2
xii) sin2 x + cosec2 x 2
xiii) cos2 x + sec2 x 2
xiv) tan2 x + cot2 x 2.
3. Values of trigonometric ratios of certain angles
ratio
angle
sin
cos
0o
0
1
/6
/4
1/2 1/ 2
3/2 1/ 2
tan
0
1/ 3
cot
undefined
3
cosec undefined
2
sec
1
2/ 3
1
1
2
2
/3
3/2
1/2
/2
1
0
3 undefined
1/ 3
0
2/ 3
1
2
undefined
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P
r
4. Signs of Trigonometric ratios : If lies in I, II, III, IV quadrants then the signs of
trigonometric ratios are as follows.
II
90o < < 180o
sin and cosec
are (+)ve
I
0o < < 90o
all the ratios
are (+)ve
III
180o < < 270o
tan and cot
are (+)ve
IV
270o < < 360o
cos and sec
are (+)ve
Note : i) 0o, 90o, 180o, 270o. 360o, 450o, .. etc. are called quadrant angles.
ii) With ALL SILVER TEA CUPS symbol we can remember the signs of
trigonometric ratios.
5. Coterminal angles : If two angles differ by an integral multiples of 360o then two angles
are called coterminal angles.
Thus 30o, 390o, 750o, 330o etc., are coterminal angles.
Fn
sin
cos
90
cos
sin
cot
tan
cosec
sec
cosec
sec
cot
tan
180
sin
cos
270
cos
sin
360
sin
cos
tan
tan
cot
cosec sec cosec
sec cosec
sec
cot
tan
cot
6. Complementary Angles : Two Angles A, B are said to complementary A + B = 90o

7. Supplementary angles : Two angles A, B are said to be supplementary
A + B = 180o.
PROBLEMS
VSAQS
Convert the following into simplest form :
1. tan( 14)
Sol. tan(14 )
= tan[7 2 ] = [tan ] = tan
2.
cosec (5 + )
Sol. cosec (5 + ) = cosec
( cos ec(n + ) = (1) n cos ec)
7
Find the value of cos
2
7
7
Sol. cos = cos
=0
2
2
3.
( cos(2n + 1)
= 0)
2
4. Find the value of cot(315)

Sol. cot(315) = cot 315
= [cot 360 45]
= [ cot 45]
= cot 45 = 1
5.
Evaluate
cos245 + cos2135 + cos2 225 + cos2 315
1
Sol. cos 45 =
, cos135 = cos(180 45)
2
= cos 45
1
2
cos 225 = cos(180 + 45)

= cos 45
1
2
cos135 = cos(360 45)

1
= cos 45
=
2
Given expression
2
1 1 1 1
+
+
+
2
2 2
2
1 1 1 1
= + + + =2
2 2 2 2
6. cos 225 sin 225 + tan 495 cot 495

Sol. cos 225 = cos(180 + 45)
1
= cos 45 =
2
sin 225 = sin(180 + 45)
1
2
tan 495 = tan[5(90) + 45]
= sin 45 =
= cot 45 = 1
cot 495 = cot[5(90) + 45]
= tan 45 = 1
G.E.
1
2
1
=
2
=
1+1
2
1
+
1 +1 = 0
2
If cos = t (0 < t < 1) and does not lie in the first quadrant, find the value of (a) sin
(b) tan .
Sol. cos = t lies in IV quadrant.
7.
x 2 = AC2 BC2 = 1 t 2
x = 1 t2
a) sin =
AB
= 1 t2
AC
AB
1 t2
=
b) tan =
BC
t
8.
1
and does not lie in third quadrant, find the values of
3
(i) cos (ii) cot
If sin =
Solution:
1
does not lie in III Q
3
lies in IV Quadrant
sin =
cos = 1 sin 2 = 1
1 2 2
=
9
3
cos
=2 2
sin
9. Find the value of sin 3300 . cos1200 + cos 2100 . sin 3000
Solution:
1
sin 3300 = sin ( 3600 300 ) = sin 300 =
2
1
3
3
cos1200 = cos 2100 =
; sin 3000 = sin ( 3600 600 ) =
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
sin 3300 cos1200 + cos 2100 . sin 3000 = +

=1
2
2 2 2
1
10. If cosec + cot = , find cos and determine the quadrant in which lies.
3
2
2
Sol. cosec cot = 1
(cosec + cot ) (cosec cot ) = 1
cosec cot = 3
(1)
1
(2)
and cosec + cot =
3
From (1) + (2)
cosec cot = 3
1
cosec + cot =
3
1 10
2cosec = 3 + =
3 3
10
cos ec =
6
6
sin =
16
cot =
From (1) (2)

cosec cot = 3
cosec + cot =
1
3
1 8
2 cot = 3 =
3 3
8
8
=
cot =
23 6
cos = cot sin =
8 6 4
=
6 10 5
Thus sin is +ve and cos is ve

Then lies in II quadrant.
11. If sec + tan = 5, find the quadrant in which lies and find the value of sin .
Sol. sec + tan = 5
(1)
We know, sec2 tan2 = 1

(sec + tan )(sec tan ) = 1
1
sec + tan
1
sec tan =
...(2)
5
Adding (1), (2)
sec tan =
sec + tan = 5
sec tan =
1
5
1
5
25 + 1
2sec =
5
26 1
sec =
5 2
13
sec =
5
12
12
tan = , sin =
5
13
2sec = 5 +
sin sec and tan are positives

lies in I quadrant.
1
12. If cos A = cos B = : A does not lie in second quadrant B does not lie in third quadrant
2
4sin B 4 tan A
find the value of
tan B + sin A
Solution:
1
cos A = cos B = ;
A does not lie in II Q
2
A lies in III Q
3
sin A =
2
1
cos B =
B does not lie in III Q
2
B lies in II Q
sin B =
3
2
tan A = 3
4sin B 3 tan A
=
tan B + sin A
13.
tan B = 3
3
3 3
3
2
2
=
=
3 3 3
3
3
2
2
sin(3 A) cos A tan A

2
2
= cos 4 A
13
cos ec
+ A sec(3 + A) cot A
2
2
Sol. sin(3 A) = sin A
cos A = cos A = sin A

2
tan A = cot A
2
13
cos ec
+ A = sec A
2
sec(3 + A) = sec A
cot A = cot A = tan A

2
sin A sin A cot A

L.H.S. =
sec A sec A tan A
cos A
sin 2 A
sin A
=
1
sin A
2
cos A cos A
cos3 A
= sin A cos A
= cos 4 A
sin A
14. cot cot 3 cot 5 cot 7 cot 9 = 1
20 20 20 20 20
1

Sol. cot = cot 9 =
tan 9
20
1
3
cot = cot 27 =
tan 27
20
5
cot = cot 45 = 1
20
7
cot = cot 63 = cot(90 27) = tan 27
20
9
cot = cot 81 = cot(90 9) = tan 9
20
3
5
7
9
cot cot cot
cot
20
20
20
20
20
1
1
=
1 tan 27 tan 9 = 1
tan 9 tan 27
cot
11
35 7
sin
tan
sec
3
6 3
15. Simplify
.
5
7
17
cos cos ec cos
4
4
6
11
11
Sol. sin
= sin 660
= sin
3
3
= sin(2 360 60)
= sin 60 =
3
2
1
35
tan
= tan1050 = tan(3 360 30) = tan 30 =
3
6
7
sec = sec(420) = sec 420 = sec(360 + 60) = sec 60 = 2
3
5
cos
4
= cos(225) = cos(180 + 45) = cos 45 =
7
csc
4
= csc 315 = csc(360 45) = csc 45 = 2
1
2
17
cos
= cos 510 = cos(360 + 150)
6
= cos100 = cos(180 30) = cos 30 =
3
2
3 1
(2)
2
3
L.H.S. =
3
1
(
2)
2
2
=
2
1
=
= R.H.S.
3
3
2
tan 610 + tan 700 1 p 2

=
16. If tan 20 = p, prove that
.
tan 560 tan 470 1 + p 2
Sol.
tan 610 + tan 700

tan 560 tan 470
tan(360 + 250) + tan(360 + 340)
=
tan(360 + 200) tan(360 + 110)
tan 250 tan 340

tan 200 tan110
tan(270 20) tan(360 20)
=
tan(180 + 20) + tan(90 + 20)
=
cot 20 tan 20
tan 20 + cot 20
1
tan 20
tan
20
=
1
tan 20 +
tan 20
=
1
1 p2
p
1 p2
p
p
=
=
=
1 p2 + 1 p2 + 1
p+
p
p
tan 610 + tan 700 1 p 2

=
tan 560 tan 470 1 + p 2
17. If , are complementary angles such that b sin = a, then find the value of
(sin cos cos sin ).
Sol. and are complementary angles.
+ = 90
= 90
b sin = a sin =
a
b
2
b2 a 2
a
cos = 1 sin = 1 =
b2
b
2
b2 a 2
cos =
b
Since = 90
sin = sin(90 ) = cos
cos = sin
and = 90
sin = sin(90 ) = cos
cos = sin =
a
b
a
b
sin cos cos sin
cos =
a a
b2 a 2
b2 a 2
=
b b
b
b
a 2 (b 2 a 2 ) a 2 b 2 + a 2 2a 2 b 2
= 2
=
=
b
b2
b2
b2
18. If cos + sin = 2 cos then prove that cos sin = 2 sin
Solution:
cos + sin = 2 cos -------- (1) squaring and adding (1) & (2)
Let cos sin = x -------(2)
( cos + sin )
+ ( cos sin ) =
2
2 cos
2 2 cos 2 = x 2 x = 2 sin
+ x2
cos sin = 2 sin
19. If 8 tan A = 15 and 25 sin B = 7 and neither A nor B is in the fourth quadrant, then show
304
that sin A cos B + cos A sin B =
.
425
Sol. 8 tan A = 15
15
tan A =
8
A lies in II quadrant
15
8
sin A = , cos A =
17
17
25sin B = 7
7
25
B lies in III quadrant
7
24
sin B = , cos B =
25
25
L.H.S. : sin A cos B + cos A sin B
sin B =
15 24 8 7 3 24 8 7
+
=
+
17 25 17 25 17 5 17 25
360 56 304
=
+
=
425 425 425
4
6
9
20. Prove that sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
=2
10
10
10
10
Solution:
4
6
9
sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
10
10
10
10
sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 + + sin 2

10
10
2 10
2 10
sin 2 + cos 2
+ cos 2 + sin 2 = 2 sin 2 + cos 2 = 2
10
10
10
10
10
10
= sin 2
21. If tan 200 = then show that
22. If sec + tan =
10
+ cos 2
10
=1
tan 1600 tan1100 1 2

=
1 + tan 1600 tan 1100
2
2
find the value of sin and determine the quadrant in which lies
3
Solution:
2
3
2 3
2sec = + sec = 13 /12
3 2
lies in IV Quadrant
sec + tan =
3
2
tan 15
=
sin =
sec
13
sec + tan =
23. If A, B, C, D are angles of a cyclic quadrilateral then prove that

i) sin A sin C = sin D sin B
ii) cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0
Sol. A, B, C, D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral.
A + C = 180; B + D = 180
A = 180 C, B = 180 D
i) sin A sin C = sin D sin B
sin A + sin B = sin C + sin D
we have
A = 180 C Sin A = sin C (1)
B = 180 D sin B = sin D (2)
Adding (1) and (2)
Sin A + sin B = sin C + sin D
ii) cos A = cos (180 C) = cos C
cos A + cos C = 0
(1)
cos B = cos (180 D) = cos D
cos B + cos D = 0
(2)
Adding (1) and (2)
cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0.
24. If a cos b sin = c, then show that a sin + b cos = a 2 + b 2 c 2 .
(1)
Sol. a cos b sin = c
Let a sin + b cos = k (2)
Squaring and adding
25. If 3 sin A + 5 cos A = 5, then show that 5 sin A 3 cos A = 3.
Sol. 3 sin A + 5 cos A = 5
Let 5 sin A 3 cos A = k
Squaring and adding
(3 sin A + 5 cos A)2 + (5 sin A 3 cos A)2 = 25 + k2
9sin 2 A + 25cos 2 A + 30sin A cos A + 25sin 2 A + 9 cos 2 A 30sin A cos A = 25 + k 2

34sin 2 A + 34 cos 2 A = 25 + k 2
34(sin 2 A + cos 2 A) = 25 + k 2
34(1) = 25 + k 2
34 = 25 + k 2
k 2 = 34 26 = 9
k = 3
tan + sec 1 1 + sin
=
.
tan sec + 1
cos
tan + sec 1
Sol. We have
tan sec + 1
26. Prove that
(tan + sec ) (sec 2 tan 2 )

tan sec + 1
(tan + sec ) (sec + tan )(sec tan )
=
tan sec + 1
[tan + sec ][1 sec + tan ]
=
tan sec + 1
= tan + sec
=
sin
1
1 + sin
+
=
cos cos
cos
tan + sec 1 1 + sin
=
tan sec + 1
cos
=
27. Prove that (1 + cot csc )(1 + tan + sec ) = 2 .
Sol. L.H.S. : (1 + cot csc )(1 + tan + sec )
1 sin
1
cos
= 1 +
1+
+
sin sin cos cos
sin + cos 1 cos + sin + 1

=

sin
cos
(sin + cos ) 2 12 sin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos 1

=
sin cos
sin cos
1 + 2sin cos 1
sin cos
=
=2
= 2 = R.H.S.
sin cos
sin cos
Eliminate from the following equations.
=
28. x = a cos3 ; y = b sin3

Sol. x = a cos3 ; y = b sin3
1/ 3
x
x
= cos3 cos =
a
a
1/ 3
y
y
= sin 3 sin =
b
b
We have cos2 + sin2 = 1

2/3
2/3
x
y
+ =1
a
b
29. x = a cos4 = b sin4 .
Sol. x = a cos 4 cos 4 =
cos 2 =
x
a
y = b sin 4 sin 4 =
sin 2 =
x
a
y
b
y
b
cos 2 + sin 2 = 1
1/ 2
x
y
x
+
=1
a
b
a
1/ 2
y
+
b
=1
30. x = a(sec + tan ) ; y = b (sec tan )

Sol. x = a(sec + tan ) ; y = b (sec tan )
xy = ab(sec2 tan2 ) = ab (1) = ab
xy = ab.
cos ( A ) cot + A cos ( A )

2
31. Prove that

= cos A

tan ( + A ) tan 3 + A sin ( 2 A )

2
SAQS
32. Prove that 3(sin cos ) 4 + 6(sin + cos ) 2 + 4(sin 6 + cos6 ) = 13
Sol. Consider (sin cos ) 2 = sin2 + cos2 2 sin cos = 1 2 sin cos
(sin cos )4 = [(sin cos )2]2 = [1 2sin cos ]2 = 1 + 4sin 2 cos 2 4sin cos
(sin cos ) 4 = 1 + 4sin 2 cos 2 4sin cos
(sin + cos ) 2 = sin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos
= 1 + 2sin cos
(sin + cos ) 2 = 1 + 2sin cos
sin 6 + cos6 = (sin 2 )3 + (cos 2 )3
= (sin 2 + cos 2 )3 3sin 2 cos 2 (sin 2 + cos 2 )
= 1 3sin 2 cos 2 ( sin 2 + cos 2 = 1)
sin 6 + cos6 = 1 3sin 2 cos 2
3(sin cos ) 4 + 6(sin + cos ) 2 + 4(sin 6 + cos6 )
= 3[1 + 4sin 2 cos 2 4sin cos ] + 6[1 + 2sin cos ] + 4[1 3sin 2 cos 2 ]
= 3 + 12sin 2 cos 2 12sin cos + 6 + 12sin cos + 4 12sin 2 cos 2
= 3 + 6 + 4 = 13
1
33. Show that cos 4 + 2 cos 2 1

= 1 sin 4 .
2
sec
1
Sol. L.H.S. : cos 4 + 2 cos 2 1

2
sec
= cos 4 + 2 cos 2 sin 2
(1 cos 2 = sin 2 )
= cos 2 [cos 2 + 2sin 2 ]
= (1 sin 2 )[(1 sin 2 ) + 2sin 2 ]
= (1 sin 2 )(1 + sin 2 )
= 1 sin 4 = R.H.S.
34. Prove that
(1 + sin cos ) 2 1 cos

.
=
(1 + sin + cos ) 2 1 + cos
Sol. Consider
1 + sin cos = (1 cos ) + sin
= 2sin 2
+ 2sin cos = 2sin sin + cos

2
2
2
2 2
2
Again consider
1 + sin + cos = (1 + cos ) + sin
+ 2sin cos
2
2
2
= 2 cos cos + sin

2
2
2
= 2 cos 2

2sin 2 sin 2 + cos 2
L.H.S.:
2 cos cos + sin
2
2
2
sin 2
2sin 2
2 =
2 = 1 cos = R.H.S.
=
1 + cos
cos 2
2 cos 2
2
2
2sin
1 cos + sin
35. If
.
= x , find the value of
1 + cos + sin
1 + sin
2sin
=x
Sol.
1 + cos + sin
2 sin cos
2
2
=x
2
2 cos + 2sin cos
2
2
2
4sin cos
2
2
=x
2 cos cos + sin

2
2
2
2sin
2
=x
...(1)
cos + sin
2
2
+ 2sin cos
2
2
2
=
2
2
sin + cos + 2sin cos
2
2
2
2

2sin sin + cos

2sin
2 2
2
2
=
=
= x ( from(1))
sin + cos
sin 2 + cos 2
2
2
1 cos + sin
1 + sin
2sin 2

05 01 Trigonometric Ratios

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05 01 Trigonometric Ratios

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1. If a ray OP makes an angle with the positive direction of X-axis then

6. Complementary Angles : Two Angles A, B are said to complementary A + B = 90o

Sol. cosec (5 + ) = cosec

( cos ec(n + ) = (1) n cos ec)

4. Find the value of cot(315)

cos 225 = cos(180 + 45)

cos135 = cos(360 45)

6. cos 225 sin 225 + tan 495 cot 495

From (1) (2)

Thus sin is +ve and cos is ve

We know, sec2 tan2 = 1

sin sec and tan are positives

sin(3 A) cos A tan A

Sol. sin(3 A) = sin A

cos A = cos A = sin A

cot A = cot A = tan A

sin A sin A cot A

= cos(225) = cos(180 + 45) = cos 45 =

= csc 315 = csc(360 45) = csc 45 = 2

tan 610 + tan 700 1 p 2

tan 610 + tan 700

tan 250 tan 340

tan 610 + tan 700 1 p 2

cos sin = 2 sin

sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 + + sin 2

21. If tan 200 = then show that

22. If sec + tan =

tan 1600 tan1100 1 2

23. If A, B, C, D are angles of a cyclic quadrilateral then prove that

9sin 2 A + 25cos 2 A + 30sin A cos A + 25sin 2 A + 9 cos 2 A 30sin A cos A = 25 + k 2

(tan + sec ) (sec 2 tan 2 )

sin sin cos cos

sin + cos 1 cos + sin + 1

(sin + cos ) 2 12 sin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos 1

28. x = a cos3 ; y = b sin3

We have cos2 + sin2 = 1

30. x = a(sec + tan ) ; y = b (sec tan )

cos ( A ) cot + A cos ( A )

31. Prove that

tan ( + A ) tan 3 + A sin ( 2 A )

33. Show that cos 4 + 2 cos 2 1

Sol. L.H.S. : cos 4 + 2 cos 2 1

(1 + sin cos ) 2 1 cos

+ 2sin cos = 2sin sin + cos

= 2 cos cos + sin

2 cos cos + sin

2sin sin + cos

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