Pathology

Name of Genra

Pathogen

Name of
disease/Symptoms

Method of diagnosis

Superficial
Mycoses

Yeast

Malassezia furfur

Pityriasis versiocolor
(a.k.a. sun fungus)
Hyper/hypo
pigmentation of the skin

Microscopic
-Skin scales soaked
in KOH show hyphae
and budding yeast
with meatball
Spaghetti
appearance

Transmission

human

Distribution

Warm humid
climates

People mostly at
risk
Young adults

sample case study

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Culture
White colonies
Subcutaneous
mycoses

Dimorphic fungi

Sporothrix
schenckii

-> Mold at 24
degree
-> Yeast in host
at 37C

-skin lesion

Microscopic
-cigar & oval like
yeast form

-nodular lymphatic
spread

-bouquet-like mould
form

-Ulcers

Culture
-White, creamy
colonies turn black
as they age

Sporotrichosis

-Abscess

Plants and
animals

Tropical region

-gardeners

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-farmers
(Plant thorns)

-granulomatous
inflammation
-lymphedema
-can affect muscle,
bone, lung, lymph
Cutaneous
Mycoses
Moulds

1)
(the 4 of the
Microsporum
following
canis
pathogens are
collectively called
dermatophytes)

Tinea captis
(skull)
dandruff, itchy skin, hair
loss

Diagnosis made
using skin and
nail scraping

Onchomycosis

Microscopic
Mostly From Cats
Usually done in KOH and dogs
(potassium
hydroxide)
-Macroconidia

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Tinea Corporis (body)

-Spindle shaped
-Multiple chambers
Culture
Yellow cotton-like
colonies

2)
Trychophyton
rubrum

Tinea corporis:
ring worm appearance
on glabrous/hairless
skin

Microscopic
-Presence of lots of
microconidia

human

Culture
Tinea cruris
-itchy groin

Fluffy Wine-red
cultures

Tinea pedis
Athletes foot)

3)
Trychophyton
mentagrophytes

Tinea Pedis (athletes

foot)
Tinea Capitis
(ectothrix)
-Baldness
-Loss of hair

Microscopic
-spiral hyphae
Clavate,
multiseptate
Macroconidia

Human and
animal

Culture
-Yellow brown

Dimorphic fungi

4)
Trychophyton
tonsurans

Tinea Capitis
(endothrix)
-Affects skull, not much
loss of hair though

Coccidioides immitis

Coccidomycosis

Environmental phase

-Inhalation of spores

-Arizona

Systemic mycoses
-Environmental
phase: 25C
-Parasitic phase:
(tissue) 37C

-Also called Valley fever

-Symptoms usually
confused with pneumonia
-Affects bone, meninges,
joints, lungs

-Hyphae

-soil

Filipinos

AfricanAmerican

-Las Vegas
-Mexico

-Parasitic phase (tissue)

Spore/spherule

-South America

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Yeast
(this group are
mostly opportunistic
pathogens)

1) Cryptococcosis
neoformans var
neoformans

2) Cryptococcosis
neoformans var
gatti (can grow on
eucalyptus)

Opportunistic
pathogens

Yeast form
(unicellular)

Cryptococcosis

Culture

-Both of these organisms

can colonization

-They are both in spore

form in culture

- in the lungs
cause pleural collapse

-Form white, smooth,

mucoid colonies

-granulomatous
inflammation

Microscopy
-Are in yeast form in
tissue

For 2) red river gum for 2) tropical

tree for

-can spread to CNs/

meninges

C.neoformans var
-There is a huge capsule gatti (can grow
oneucalyptus)
surrounding the yeast

Yeast form causes

Opportunistic mycosis

Microscopy
-Budding/fusion
-pseudohyphae

animals

-Candida albicans

For 1) Pigeon
dropping aerosl for
C. neoformans var
neoformans

For 1) Europe

Worldwide
epidemic

Culture
-Small colonies

-Candida glabrata
-Candida tropicalis

HIV patients

-Patients with
intravascular
Catheters
-Neutropenia
(chemotherapy)

-Strong
characteristic smell

-Too much
antibiotics

-Shiny surface

Mold form
(multicellular)

Same species as
above

Mold form causes

Zygomycosis

Microscopy
hyphae
Culture
Fluffy colonies

animals

Worldwide
epidemic

Same as above

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