Name:

Wenalyn R. Arguelles
Course, Year and Section: BSEd-Science 2A
Professor: Mr. Miron R. Maguigad
Topic:
Membrane and Cell Compartments
Terminologies:
Cell- the basic unit of life
Cell Membrane- (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is
a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside
environment.
Cell Compartments- allow the separation/specialization of processes within the cell.
CELL MEMBRANE

a thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its
contents.
The membrane is composed of both protein and phospholipids.
When examined under an electron microscope, the plasma membrane appears to be a
double layer of phospholipid molecules.
Phospholipids are major components of cell membrane.
It is responsible for many specialized functions
Exercises selectivity; allows some materials to pass through and restricts others.
not only separate the interior of the cell from its environment but also define the internal
compartments of eukaryotic cells

Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within
the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid
layer membrane
The formation of cellular compartments is called compartmentalization.
The major intracellular compartments common to eukaryotic cells are:
The nucleus contains the main genome and is the principal site of DNA and RNA synthesis.
The surrounding cytoplasm consists of the cytosol and the cytoplasmic organelles suspended
in it. The cytosol, constituting a little more than half the total volume of the cell, is the site
of protein synthesis and degradation. It also performs most of the cell's
intermediary metabolismthat is, the many reactions by which some small molecules are
degraded and others are synthesized to provide the building blocks for macromolecules.
Cellular compartmentalization is further complicated by the abundance of specific
organelles.
Organelles are specialized structures of the cell which perform specific function and they are
enclosed separately within its own lipid bilayer membrane

 Nucleus

-enclosed in a double-membrane known as nuclear envelope.

- DNA maintenance, controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription
Endoplasmic reticulum
- single-membrane compartment
- Translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic
reticulum), expression of lipids (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
Golgi apparatus
- single-membrane compartment
- sorting, packaging, processing and modification of proteins
Mitochondria - double-membrane compartment
- Energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances
lysosome
-single-membrane compartment
-Breakdown of large molecules
chloroplast(plastid) - double-membrane compartment
- Photosynthesis, traps energy from sunlight

Why are eukaryotic cells divided into compartments?

Each compartment performs different functions
Each compartment has a greater surface area
Many enzymes within a compartment are attached to its walls
Cells can become specialized increase specific compartments for a specific function