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INDE 2007

Image Quality of High Definition


Computed Radiography (HDCR) in
NDT
M. Thoms1, U. Zscherpel2, U. Ewert2
1Drr

NDT GmbH Co. KG, Pleidelsheimer Str. 30,


D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen und
Universitt Erlangen, Institut fr Werkstoffwissenschaften 6,
Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen
2Bundesanstalt fr Materialforschung und prfung,
Division VIII.3, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
1. Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?
2. Imaging Characteristics of HDCR
3. Conclusions

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?

Impact factors:
Image noise

The imaging process with image plates


Homogenity of the
image plate,
Collection and
detection efficiency
of blue photons
Spatial resolution

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

Size of laser focus


Precision of laser
beam positioning
M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert
Laser scattering in IP

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?

Rigid cassettes

Stationary
scanner (155kg)

Flexible cassettes
image plates
with low laser
scattering
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

Mobile scanner (20kg)


M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

Large pixel
(100m),
low spatial
resolution

Fine pixel
(25m or less),
high spatial
resolution

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?

Rigid cassettes

CR

Stationary
scanner (155kg)

Flexible cassettes
image plates
with low laser
scattering
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

HDCR

Mobile scanner (20kg)

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

Large pixel
(100m),
low spatial
resolution

Fine pixel
(25m or less),
high spatial
resolution

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?
Reading a
high
resolution
image plate

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?
Inside the scanner
High precision laser beam deflector (3m
beam positioning accuracy, 12m beam
diameter) High spatial resolution

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

High efficiency light collection


High sensitivity and high signal/noiseratio in radiograph
M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?
Patented automatic tilt correction
by pentaprism deflector

Scan velocity
40m/s=144km/h!
Beam positioning
accuracy 3m
(=0.003mm)!

90

x
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition Computed
Radiography (HDCR)?
Always the same distance between Pentaprism deflector
and image plate Resolution of about 60LP/mm
achievable for the scanner itself!
Very small
laser spot of
only 13m!
(CR40m)

Intensitt [a.u.]

1,0
0,8

x-Richtung
y-Richtung

90

0,6

13m
0,4
0,2
0,0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Position [m]
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Introduction - What is High Definition
Computed Radiography (HDCR)?
Light scattering in the image plate with transparent
binder reduces resolution (white binder)
laserbeam

Reduction of
laser light
scattering by
blue coloration
increased
resolution
Protective
layer
storage
phosphor

grain size
thickness

carrier foil
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007

X-rays of converging line pattern

Significantly higher
resolution with
blue coloration

Blue IP (HDCR)
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

White IP (CR)
M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
2. Imaging Characteristics of HDCR
X-ray of lead grid pattern with width of stripes from
0.025 to 2mm (70kV)
0.10mm= 5LP/mm
0.083mm=6LP/mm
0.071mm=7LP/mm
0.059mm=8.5LP/mm
0.050mm=10LP/mm
0.045mm=11.1LP/mm
0.040mm=12.5LP/mm
0.035mm=14.3LP/mm
0.030mm=16.6LP/mm
0.025mm=20LP/mm

75mm

57mm
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
2. Imaging Characteristics of HDCR
Spatial resolution limilimited to structure sizes
of about 0.025mm=
20LP/mm
Pixel size=0.0125mm
Limitation now:
now: image
plate

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

0.10mm= 5LP/mm
0.083mm=6LP/mm
0.071mm=7LP/mm
0.059mm=8.5LP/mm
0.050mm=10LP/mm
0.045mm=11.1LP/mm
0.040mm=12.5LP/mm
0.035mm=14.3LP/mm
0.030mm=16.6LP/mm
0.025mm=20LP/mm

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
2. Requirements in NDT for the radiography with CRCR-systems
The resolution of a detector is specified according to EN 462-5 by the wire diameter
of the double wire phantom, where the image of the double wire becomes blurred
(modulation<20%)

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
DuplexDuplex-Wire,
Wire, HDCR35NDT with blue high resolution IP,
150kV, 17mAs
EN 14784-1: NDT with
image plates, EN462-5

13D
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

12D

11D

10D

All 13 duplex-wires are


resolved:
Modulation 13D=30%
Resolution BSR=40m
reached
Resolution as NDT-film
digitized at system class
DS-9 (EN-ISO 140962)!!!
(Conventional CR:
BSR=130m)

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

HDCR

HDCR

Blurred Double wires:


wires: Film und HDCR >13D=40m, CR=9D=130m
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

CR

CR

CR

CR

HDCR

HDCR

INDE
2007
Minimum required resolution according to EN 14784-2

INDE 2007
Single wires,
wires, HDCR35NDT with blue high resolution IP,
150kV, 84mAmin on ST35 Steelplate of 8mm thickness
Wire 16 is
identified!
Wire W14
required for
class B
testing (EN
1435)

10
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

15

16

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Single wires,
wires, Fuji film IX25 digitized,
digitized, 150kV, 32.5mAmin
on ST35 Steelplate of 8mm thickness
Wire 16 is
identified:
Single wires can be
detected with the
HDCR35NDT with
the same precision
as with NDT-Film!!!

13

15

16

Image courtesy of U. Zscherpel, BAM, Germany


Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

Wire W14 required


for class B testing
(EN 1435)

INDE 2007
StepStep-Hole,
Hole, HDCR35NDT with blue high resolution IP,
150kV, 84mAmin on ST35 Steelplate of 8mm thickness
European StepHole IQI
EN462-2
Holes H3
identified.

H3

Hole H5
required for
class B testing
(EN 1435)

H5
10
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
StepStep-Hole,
Hole, Fuji film IX25 digitized,
digitized, 150kV, 32.5mAmin on
ST35 Steelplate of 8mm thickness
European StepHole IQI EN462-2
Holes H4
identified:
Holes can be
detected with the
HDCR35NDT with
one step finer (H3)
than with IX25
NDT-Film (H4)!!!

H3
H4
H5

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
BAM 5 weld (ST35 steelplate of 8mm thickness),
thickness), HDCR35
NDT with blue high resolution IP, 150kV, 84mAmin
EN14784:
S/Nnorm=(Iave/)
(88.6m/BSR)

HDCR35 NDT: S/Nnorm= 212-266 (84mA min), CR-system class IP1


Better than IX25 NDT-Film (S/Nnorm= 200, 32.5mA min) and conventional
CR (S/Nnorm= 136)
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
BAM 5 weld (ST35 steelplate of 8mm thickness),
thickness), HDCR35
NDT with blue high resolution IP, 150kV, 84mAmin

HDCR35NDT

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

Film (32.5mAmin)

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
BAM 5 weld (ST35 steelplate of 8mm thickness),
thickness), HDCR35
NDT with blue high resolution IP, 150kV, 84mAmin
HDCR35NDT, high pass filtered

Film (32.5mAmin), high pass filtered


Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007

S/N-ratio

HDCR35 NDT with blue high resolution IP:


S/N
S/N-ratio dose
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Fe, 8.6mm, 150kV, 60cm

fit to Duerr data


Fuji IX25 x-ray film
Duerr HDCR35 system

IP1
IP2

AGFA D4 x-ray film

IP3

HDCR35 system requires 4 times less dose


than film (Class B, IP3)
HDCR35 system requires 8 times less dose
than film in Class A, IP5

S/N=P3*x/(sqrt(x)+P1*x+0)
P1=0.05963
0.00735
P3=16.58528 1.39806

IP4
min. W13Fe
(Class A)
100

min. W14Fe (Class B)


1000

dose [mAs]
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007

S/N-ratio

HDCR35 NDT with blue high resolution IP:


S/N
S/N-ratio dose
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Fe, 8.6mm, 150kV, 60cm

fit to Duerr data


Fuji IX25 x-ray film
Duerr HDCR35 system

IP1
IP2

AGFA D4 x-ray film

IP3

S/N=P3*x/(sqrt(x)+P1*x+0)
P1=0.05963
0.00735
P3=16.58528 1.39806

IP4
min. W13Fe
(Class A)
100

S/N-ratio fits modell


with fixed pattern noise
(N~S) + x-ray noise
(Poisson, N~ S)
Noise at low dose
proportional to S
S/N at very high dose
limited by fixed pattern
noise to P3/P1=281

min. W14Fe (Class B)


1000

dose [mAs]
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007

The HDHD-CR 35 NDT is the


worlds first CRCR-System with
certificate by BAM Berlin,
according to EN14784EN14784-1 and
ASTM E 2446
The certification was given by
using the HDHD-IP of Drr NDT.
Date of issue 12.12.2006
Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

1st CRCR-Scanner with certificate by BAM


M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Nowadays product range of scanners for NDT, Security and medical
application
Vistascan
perio

Vistascan plus
Intra Omni Ceph

ScanX Duo ScanX Intra


Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

ScanX12

HDCR35NDT

ScanX14 portable
M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

CR35SEC

ScanX14 Incounter

INDE 2007
Nowadays product range of scanners for NDT, Security and medical
application
Production of scanners for OEMs

GE CR50P

GE CR50P and CR50XP


Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

Protec Proscan CR35


M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

Vetray CR35VE

INDE 2007

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

Image Plates and Cassettes

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

INDE 2007
Summary
Scanner HDCR35NDT with blue high resolution IP
gives at least similar image quality as NDT-film!
IP1, Class B testing (EN 14784-2) for wall thickness
w>4mm
Flexible cassettes allow applications as with film

Universitt
ErlangenNrnberg

M. Thoms, U. Zscherpel, U. Ewert

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