Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Plaintiffs
Defendants
UNIVERSITARIOS DEL RECINTO DE RIO PIEDRAS (hereinafter APPU) and its local Chair
and member Dr. Yolanda Rivera Castillo, through its undersigned attorneys and very respectfully
1. This court has jurisdiction to seek to vindicate rights protected by the First
Amendment of the United States Constitution and under the provisions of 42 U.S.C. Section
l983, the Court has jurisdiction of this civil action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sections l33l and
2. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sections 220l and 2202 this Court has jurisdiction to
declare the rights of the parties and to grant all further relief found necessary and proper.
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Piedras Campus, composed of faculty of that university campus and its schools. Above all, they
are devoted scholars and teachers of excellent university students. They teach in their classes
and they teach outside their classes. The primary recipient of their speech, outside the faculty
circle, even when they are not in their official functions with the university, are working and
4. Dr. Yolanda Rivera Castillo is a theoretical linguist and full Professor of English
of the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras. She is a resident of San Juan, Puerto Rico and
enjoys the protections afforded by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
of America. Torres v. Puerto Rico, 442 U.S. 465, 469, 61 L. Ed. 2d 1, 99 S. Ct. 2425 (1979)
(citing Balzac v. Porto Rico, 258 U.S. 298, 314, 66 L. Ed. 627, 42 S. Ct. 343 (1922)).
5. The plaintiffs have intended to exercise their right and freedom to politically
express their views and support to students of the University of Puerto Rico.
6. Among its mission, the APPU has decided to ratify a University policy to
maintain the campus free of violence. Prior chancellors adopted the University Policy. It aims to
prevent violent campus confrontations between member of the campus community during labor
and student conflicts. Its goal is to prevent using force to resolve campus disputes. That policy
is known as the Campus non Confrontation Policy, an internal UPR-Rio Piedras regulation.
7. The APPU also has among is its mission objectives to support the majority
decisions of the students in their assemblies and not to cross student picket lines when students
call a strike.
8. The APPU, just as James Madison conceived two centuries ago, also has amongst
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“I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man,
public as well as private. This is my teaching, and if this is the doctrine which corrupts the youth, I am a
mischievous person.” Socrates, Apology, 30a-b
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its objectives the respect for the freedom of speech and assembly on campus as well as the rights
9. The APPU has no history of violence nor has been violent in any of its public
demonstrations and the defendants have no evidence to reasonably believe that they will be
violent.
10. The APPU is also committed to a free and affordable public education for
University students.
11. The APPU has also among its mission the preservation of fringe benefits for its
own members, including the right of APPU member’s children to receive tuition free waivers.
of Puerto Rico Police. He retired as FBI-San Juan Assistant Special Agent in Charge (ASAC),
on December 31, 2008 took the position of Police Superintendent upon being nominated by the
Hon. Luis Fortuño Burset, governor of Puerto Rico, who in turn also has named the majority of
13. On April 21, 2010 a student assembly at the University of Puerto Rico declared a
strike on campus protesting, inter alia, the elimination of the tuition fee waivers of honor
students, of students with special skills and athletes, as well as the elimination of other student
benefits, including the elimination of tuition fee waivers for the children of APPU’s members.
14. The APPU and its membership gave its full moral support to the student strike
and decided not to cross picket lines. The APPU has not had the need to cross picket lines
because at all times the University Administration has either declared an administrative shut
down or, when the University has opened, the APPU has been prevented from entering campus
by the Defendant’s riot squad, who blocks the gates entering the University.
15. On April 22, 2010, given that nobody appeared on campus to study or work,
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administrative recess.
16. On May 13, 2010, the University administration, including the UPR’s board of
trustees, a majority of which were named by Governor Fortuño Burset, decided to promote and
sponsor a second student assembly, to be held off campus, where students were going to decide,
inter alia, if they wanted either to continue the student strike, or put an end to it.
17. The University President, José Ramón de la Torre, supported by other high
ranking Commonwealth officials working for the Hon. Luis Fortuño, assumed that students
would vote to end the strike, because they felt that a so called “silent majority” would vote in
favor of terminating the strike. U.P.R. officials expected that result because they had threatened
students that if the strike was not lifted, they would lose their semester, as Governor Fortuño
Burset had also warned in a televised speech. As a result, the University President, De la Torre,
admitted that had had no “Plan B” if the students voted to continue the strike.
18. To the surprise of UPR officials, students overwhelmingly voted to continue with
the strike, while continuing negotiations with the University. As a result, University officials,
with the assessment of Marcos Rodriguez Emma, the governor’s chief of staff, hatched a plan to
shut down operations on campus for a period less than 30 days, and starve the students who were
19. As part of that second shut-down of administrative operations, the Chancellor sent
a letter on May 13, 2010, informing the campus community that “no person, with the exception
20. The letter to the Campus community does not order persons already inside the
campus to be evicted or to leave campus. The letter does not prohibit the delivery of food,
medicine, clothing or water to persons already inside the campus. The letter does not request a
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21. On May 14, co-defendant Jose Figueroa-Sancha met with the Chancellor, other
charging or arresting the students who remained on campus of any crime, and without any order
of eviction the students who were camped in public lawns and streets on campus, would be
encouraged to abandon the campus by prohibiting, with a mile long police cordon outside the
campus, free speech on the streets surrounding the campus and depriving those inside of food
and basic needs, along with the moral support stemming from that free speech 2
22. At the same, under defendants plan, students would be isolated from their
supporters off-campus by prohibiting acts of free expression in public streets in support of the
students through donations as expenditures of food, water, and other support that easily flows
23. On May 14, 2010, Police Col. Miguel Mejías, told reporters that he had orders
24. Thus the Defendants, in order to convince students of what the University
authorities and the Governor failed to do, would now attempt to create a Berlin Wall around the
Río Piedras campus, and act as if they were Romans laying siege on Masada or Numantia,
25. On May 14, 2010 Deputy Superintendent Rosa Carrasquillo told reporters that the
Police was implementing the orders of Figueroa Sancha and that they would see if they allow
26. The police, acting under defendants’ authority threatened and indeed arrested
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"Freedom of expression is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every other form of freedom."-
Benjamin N. Cardozo.
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27. Defendant Leovigildo Vázquez stated on May 16, 2010, stated that he had orders,
not only to prohibit persons from entering campus, but also had orders to prevent the delivery of
28. From information and/or belief, as reported in the press, such orders to deprive
students from food came from the Police Superintendent Figueroa-Sancha and from defendants
John Doe and Mary Doe. Likewise, the Chancellor did not order to cut off water and electricity
29. As of May 16, 2010, until this day, those students remaining in side campus have
never been ordered to evacuate campus, have not been charged with any crime, and are therefore
30. However, Police acting under the orders of the defendants, have treated the
students, workers, and APPU members as criminals that should be subjected to siege warfare,
not unlike those who suffered during tragedy of the siege performed on of the Branch Dividians,
31. The APPU decided on May 15, 2010, to continue with its peaceful support to the
students inside the campus by setting up tents on the sidewalk surrounding the campus and by
holding peaceful expressions and assembly off-campus on the public streets and sidewalks of the
city of San Juan, where the Constitution of the United States applies to all.
32. The sidewalk surrounding the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras is a Public
Forum.
33. The APPU has also decided to express its support the students by donating food,
water, cooking and camping equipment, medicine, and all kinds of goods to the students, without
entering the campus, but delivering it to them through the campus fence. The APPU members
exercise their free speech rights, in support of students and in support of their own right to
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protest the decision by board of trustee’s eliminating tuition free waivers to the children of
APPU members, and provide those inside with goods and money, in the very same way that
corporate persons donate money to politicians to run for office in the exercise of their free
speech.
34. Acting without legal authority and without any crime committed by those on
campus, defendants have decided to suppress the free expression of the APPU, including its
donations an expenditures of all kinds of goods to the students protesting inside the campus.
35. On May 16, 2010, parents and APPU supporters and members, were participating
in an APPU-sponsored activity. The activity was located in the Ave. Gándara, in the east (south)
gate of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras campus, where the “Calle Sur” enters the
36. The APPU had its activity located under a movable tent located on the side of the
gate, on the sidewalk. The gate was completely closed and blocked with debris on the inside of
the University and nobody, not a student, not a police officer was using the gate, which served no
purpose.
37. The APPU tent was located on the sidewalk and did not interfere with the opening
of the gates, which were locked and full of debris. The tent was on the sidewalk, in front of a
banner that read in the Spanish language “ven lucha conmigo” (‘come struggle with me’). See
Ex. 1.
38. While participating in the activity in front of the gates to show support to students
camped in tents inside the University, a Commonwealth policeman, called Captain Vazquez,
ordered the APPU and its supporters to remove the tent and then started to cut the rope of the
39. Captain Vázquez then ordered other officers to remove the tents without the
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authorization of its lawful owners, and placed the tent on the other side of the avenue, far away
from the students who were camped inside. Furthermore, there was no need to restrict the
speech at the gate, for it remains, to this day, closed and there is no access through the gate, or at
the sidewalk, which such a broad and sweeping restriction of free speech to APPU members.3
40. However, with no need to restrict speech, Captain Vazquez then came back and
ordered the APPU members and its supporters to move from the sidewalk and to go to the other
side of the avenue, far away from the sidewalk that surrounds the University.
41. Subsequently that same May 16, 2020, Lieutenant Rivera-Sevilla was asked by
plaintiff if she could put the tent back on the sidewalk next to the closed gate, and he stated that
she was forbidden from doing that because Vázquez had given orders to remove the tent. On
information and/or belief those orders were given by defendant Leovigildo Vázquez or defendant
Figueroa-Sancha.
42. The police captain and other fellow officers at his command removed the tent and
43. The APPU and its supporters were also told that they could not stand on the
sidewalk where the tent had been placed and could not express themselves there, because they
had “orders” to vacate everyone from the premises on the sidewalk next to the gate. Those
44. Prior to the events of May 16, 2020, on May 14, 2010, APPU’s Río Piedras
chapter chair, Dr. Yolanda Rivera, along with other members of the organization attempted to
deliver food and water to students, and were at once viciously assaulted by police officers and by
police “cadets” recently recruited by the Fortuño administration who prevented them from
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"Restriction of free thought and free speech is the most dangerous of all subversions. It is the one un-American act
that could most easily defeat us." - Justice William O. Douglas
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delivering the food and the water to the public that was awaiting the donation on the other side of
45. As a result of the assault on APPU members and of the order to APPU members
to vacate the sidewalk, APPU members cannot speak to the students inside the campus nor give
them donations and expenditures, and therefore have effectively destroyed the APPU’s
demonstration and have prevented it from demonstrating effectively by severing its speech from
that of students inside campus, and preventing the APPU and its members from distributing all
kinds of donations and expenditures of goods to the persons inside the campus.
46. Also, the APPU has been prevented from promoting speech to those outside
campus. On the same morning of May 16, 2020, APPU, its supporters, which included parents
of students, attempted to pass oranges and bottled water through the gates the students, and their
children. Those supporters were immediately approached by three police “cadets” in seemingly
army-colored green suits. The cadets stated that they had orders not to permit food to be given to
47. As a result of the order, and of the police officers acting under defendants’ orders,
the APPU and its members cannot express themselves by donating food, medicine and water,
and other goods, including money, to the lawful citizens that remain inside the campus since, if
they do, they are threatened with arrest, or have been actually pushed and touched by officers,
thus being assaulted by persons who under color of state law are committing battery against
APPU members who attempt to exercise their right to speak and express themselves.
48. As a result of the preceding facts the plaintiff’s First and Fourteenth Amendment
rights were violated because it was unable to have a successful protest and unable to pass out
donations and expenditures, and engage in other acts of expression as a result of the creation of
the police cordon and its eviction from the sidewalk, thus preventing the APPU from being
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49. The defendants both directed their subordinates to act unlawfully or knew that
their subordinates would act unlawfully and stopped them from doing so. Defendants orders to
create such cordons to absolutely prevent the APPU from exercising its speech to those inside
campus, including its right to donate monies, food and other goods to those inside effectively has
curtailed the right of the APPU to express itself to the students inside.
50. There is no justification from preventing the APPU from communicating their
51. The defendants have ordered their officers to form a cordon completely around
the University and allow nobody to enter that cordon, except that they selectively allow some
52. APPU and its members are also being subjected to viewpoint discrimination by
Defendants who do not want the APPU to express themselves in favor the students inside the
campus by giving them food, water and medical supplies and many other donations and
expenditures, including camping equipment, stoves and other materials, thus exercising the
53. The mere presence of large numbers of persons inside and outside the campus is
not indicative of any level of danger such that it impedes the APPU’s right to express itself or to
pass out food, medicine and other goods to the persons inside the campus.4 The Constitution
contains no exceptions to allow speech because there are for the large or small gatherings of
people.
54. The APPU and its members have a constitutional right to engage in peaceful
protests on public land such as a sidewalk, especially where that speech does not interfere with a
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closed campus.
55. Contrary to the APPU, other persons are being allowed not only to give food but
also to enter campus with the tacit tolerance and knowledge of the Police, including certain
“security” personnel that want to enter campus to harass students and “convince” them to
56. Absent this Court’s immediate Order permitting APPU, its members, and
supporters to express themselves on the sidewalks on campus and to allow the APPU to express
itself by donating, food water and clothing to lawful citizens who remain on campus the APPU
will suffer irreparable harm, since it will not be able to express its speech in a timely manner,
given that its primary audience, the students, have been cordoned off by the Police, result in the
inability for the APPU express itself entirely with respect to its main audience.
sidewalks and streets are extremely overbroad, since the place where the activities have taken
place are closed to public access and blocked from the inside.
across from the University because of the viewpoint of their political message, Defendants
violated and continue to violate Plaintiffs’ First Amendment rights to peacefully assemble and
speak, and to express themselves with donations, not unlike corporate patrons of politicians,
which rights are guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth Amendment and for which remedies are
59. The right of the APPU to voice political protest in quintessential public fora, such
60. The defendants through their act have prevented protests and unduly burdened the
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"Fear of serious injury cannot alone justify suppression of free speech and assembly. Men feared witches and
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rights of APPU protestors by forcing their members now to undergo excessive searches that
violate the First and Fourth Amendments, prior to allowing their expression.
61. The APPU’s protests have been rendered ineffective by defendants broad sweep
in cordoning off the APPU’s members from the University and the persons present there. Such
cordoning off from the APPU’s potential public, in a campus that is closed for work, is not a
62. The APPU’s right to be heard inside the campus has been trampled upon by the
defendants while they were acting under color of state law. Because of defendants' actions, the
APPU has been wholly cut off from its intended audience: the UPR students on strike.
63. While police may properly limit APPU’s speech for the safety and protection of
protestors and the community, it must not duly infringe in the protected freedom under the
64. A mere potential for violence does not justify a mile-long cordon which
completely impedes expression with the APPU’s students nor can the defendants justify that
their actions in the design and implementation of the campus-wide siege, was not narrowly
tailored.
65. The extreme nature of the police cordon, completely encircling the campus, and
donating anything to those inside, including food, as established by the defendants, violated the
66. After the APPU filed the current action and after the APPU sent notice to the
defendants of its claim, the defendants decided to shift gears, in an attempt to moot this case and
avoid a finding of liability for their willful violations of APPU’s constitutional rights, by setting
burned women. It is the function of free speech to free men from the bondage of irrational fears." -- Justice Louis D.
Brandeis
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up a new policy, whereby APPU’s speech activities, related to donations were only to take place
on remote gates of the campus with prior censorship on what is to be allowed as donation.
67. However, the defendant’s new policy was announced on May 18, 2010, and
through a letter backdated to May 17, 2010. The new policy limits the APPU’s speech only to
donations of categories of items of basic necessities. No other item may be “donated” and all
donations must be given to persons acting under color of state law, and under the direction of
defendants, who control what is and what is not to be donated, as a prior restraint on speech.
68. Furthermore, the new policy sets up an absolute ban of First and Fourteenth
Amendments rights.
69. Furthermore, under the new the donations are to take place at two specific gates,
at very limited hours, and where student presence is limited and where the police cordon is
greater.
70. The defendants, in effect have turned the campus into a prison, where First
Amendment rights of outsiders to donate to prisoners are severely limited, and the persons within
the University are treated as prisoners, without any due process of law.
71. In depriving the APPU access to practice speech on all sidewalks to the
University, Defendants have attempted and continue to attempt to place conditions on the
72. By giving plaintiffs the option of leaving the sidewalk and protesting immediately
outside the campus boundary, the defendants are engaging in a form of prior restraint of speech.
73. By giving plaintiffs the option of donating and limited times, limited kinds of
good under using vague criteria to be determined by the defendants, the defendants are engaging
74. The new post-complaint protocol adopted by the defendants on May 18, 2010, is
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not narrowly and precisely drawn, but rather leaves up to defendants what is a “basic necessity
item” and what donation represents a “security risk”. the lodging of such broad discretion in a
public official allows him to determine which expressions of view will be permitted and which
will not. This thus sanctions a device for the suppression of the communication of ideas and
75. Prior to the new restrictions, the APPU was compelled to retain attorneys because
76. Defendants have effectively created a barrier to APPU’s speech, so great that
effectively denuded the faculty members of APPU from communicating to their students, who
remain on campus.
77. The defendants have not given plaintiff’s first amendment rights a meaningful
space to survive.
78. The current “protocol” is nothing more than an ad hoc and subjective
determination made by diverse officials that some group or individual protestor is disrupting
normal government business. The danger in permitting such a practice is amply demonstrated by
the case at bar, where it is invoked that the purpose of such regulation is the prevention of
demonstrations that "disrupt" normal government business. That “disruption” is to take place in
a University that the state itself has closed for 30 days and one cannot disrupt the broad
79. The APPU and Dr. Rivera Castillo have an intention to engage in a course of
conduct affected with a constitutional interest, that is to express herself on the sidewalk
immediately adjacent to campus and to donate goods to the students inside the campus, but such
activity is proscribed by defendant’s new protocols and prior orders, and there exists a credible
threat of prosecution against her and members of the organization as expressed by several
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80. Dr. Rivera’s fear of prosecution is not irrational for she saw on television and in
newsprints how other parents have been arrested and beaten by defendants agents for having
attempted to give food through the UPR gates to their children inside the campus. Furthermore,
when she attempted to introduce food into the campus she was threatened with prosecution by
defendants agents.
81. The challenged actions of defendants and “protocols” have been in place for over
a week, and may be over if the strike ends and there is no need to speak from a sidewalks to the
students, but in that case, especially in this case where a petition for TRO has been already two
days without scheduling, that duration of the prohibition is too short to be fully litigated prior to
82. Furthermore, there is a reasonable expectation that the same Dr. Rivera would be
subjected to the same action again, since there have been two strikes at the University during her
ten year tenure, one in 2005 and one in 2010, in both strikes the university has been “assisted” by
83. In Puerto Rico, the charge of obstruction of justice does not have a long
84. The APPU and Dr. Rivera Castillo are to a degree chilled from exercising their
right to free expression and have limited their actions in order to avoid enforcement
consequences.
85. Plaintiffs demand a trial by jury as allowed by the United States Constitution.
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Based on the foregoing, Plaintiffs respectfully pray that this Court will:
immediately give access to set up a tent on the sidewalk by the gate located in the
Ave. Gándara, in the east (south) gate of the University of Puerto Rico, Río
Piedras campus, where the “Calle Sur” enters the University through the School
to order their subordinates, employees, agents and those acting in concert with
them to immediately stop preventing the Plaintiffs or its members from lawfully
donating food, medicine and other goods to persons inside the Rios Piedras
campus.
allowable by law.
D. Grant compensatory damages for its actual injuries or grant nominal damages in
the alternative
E. Grant Plaintiffs such other relief as they may be entitled to, including damages;
and
G. That Plaintiff be awarded such other and further relief as to this court seems just
and proper.
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RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED.
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Plaintiffs
Defendants
I, Yolanda Rivera Castillo, of legal age, single, university professor and President of the
Asociación Puertorriqueña de Profesores Universitarios (APPU), Río Piedras chapter and
resident of San Juan, Puerto Rico, do hereby declare and state as follows:
1. I work as a Professor of English in the Río Piedras campus of the University of Puerto Rico,
and chair the local chapter of the APPU as well.
2. As Chair of the local Río Piedras chapter of the APPU, I state that the facts enumerated in the
Second Amended Verified Complaint were verified by myself, based upon my own
personal knowledge, information declared by other declarants under penalty of perjury, by
documents of the defendants, and by newspaper reports.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on May 19, 2010, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
______________________
Yolanda Rivera-Castillo
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