Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 8

2

SKEE 4423
Q.1
(a)
(i)

Define single line diagram in a complete manner.

(ii)

A 100 VA, 10/20 V transformer has impedance of 1.5 and 6 when


referred to the primary and secondary respectively. Show that the per unit
impedance referred to the primary is equal to the per unit impedance referred
to the secondary.
(6 marks)

(b) An interconnected generator system is shown in Figure Q.1(a). Each reactance


value is based at 50 MVA, and line voltage at bus is fixed at 11 kV. If a three
phase fault occurs at point F, calculate
(i)

the equivalent impedance in per unit

(ii)

current base

(iii) the fault current, IF in Ampere.


(6 marks)
(c) A three phase power system is shown in Figure Q2(b). Each reactance value given
in per unit is based on its component rating as follows:-:
G

200 MVA

22 kV

X = 15%

T1

100 MVA

22/500 kV

X = 8%

T2

90 MVA

500/33 kV

X = 9%

T3

80 MVA

22/220 kV

X = 10%

T4

85 MVA

220/11 kV

X = 12%

Three phase load at Bus 4 absorbs 65 MVA, 0.75 lagging at 33 kV and three phase
load at Bus 7 absorbs 72 MW, 0.95 lagging at 10.5kV. Line 1 and Line 2 have
reactance of 80 and 40 respectively. Using base values of 200 MVA and 22
kV at the generator,

(i)

draw the impedance diagram with all per-unit values shown,

(ii)

determine the voltage at Bus 2 in kV.


(13 marks)

3
SKEE 4423

5%

7%

5%

G1

G2

G3

2%

2%

F
Figure Q.1(a)

T1

3
Line 1
500 kV

T2

Load 1

G
T3

T4

Line 2
220 kV
Load 2

Figure Q.1(b)

4
SKEE 4423
Q.2
(a) With the help of diagram, describe how fuse is coordinated based on I 2t value.
(4 marks)
(b) A radial distribution system with source at one side of the feeders, each with
maximum load based on MVA rating is shown Figure Q.2(a). Propose the relay
setting (nearest value of PS and TSM) for all relays in the network. Choose the
discrimination time (DT) equal to 0.4 second in your calculation. Assume that
relays R1, R2 and R3 will operate with 0.36 second when a three-phase fault
occurs downstream close to the relay while R6 will operate with 0.22 second when
a three-phase fault occurs downstream close to the relay. Use IDMT relay
characteristic given by Figure Q.2(b) in your calculation. All impedance values are
referred to its own rating. The impedance of the transmission line is 1.5 pu with
base of 100 MVA, 13.2 kV. Assume that all impedances are pure reactance.
(21 marks)

34.5 kV
100 MVA
34.5 kV
R7

13.2 kV

10 MVA
34.5/13.2 kV
Z = 20 %
R5

13.2 kV
4 MVA

R4

Z = 1.5 pu

R3
3 MVA
R2

R6
2 MVA

2 MVA
R1

Relay

R7

CT Ratio 200/5

R6

R5

R4

R3, R2, R1

50/5

200/5

400/5

200/5

Figure Q.2(a)

5
SKEE 4423

Figure Q.2(b)

6
SKEE 4423
Q.3
(a) Describe briefly a non-unit scheme for the power system protection.
(4 marks)
(b) An uncompensated 50 Hz bar primary CT has a nominal ratio of 1000/5, on a core
of cross section 8 cm2. When supplying 5 A to a relay, the relay burden is (1.4 +
j2.45) and the CT secondary winding impedance is (3.5 + j0.35) . The
excitation current required in the primary winding to produce the working flux
with the secondary open circuit is 106.226.6 A. Calculate the flux density in the
core, the ratio error and the phase error.
(10 marks)
(c) A polarized mho distanced relay is used to protect a line having an impedance 0.5
70 per phase per km. The reach of the relay is 60 km. If the relay is supplied
from a CT of 5000:1 A and voltage transformer of 11,000:10 V, determine the
relay impedance, ZR. If a fault of 5 resistance occurs at 50.5 km of the relaying
point, determine whether the relay will operate or not. Assume that the relay
characteristic has the same angle as the transmission line and the line is supplied
from one end only.
(11 marks)

7
SKEE 4423
Q.4
(a)

Explain the application of circulating current principle for the protection of


alternator. Use an appropriate diagram to explain your concept.
(5 marks)

(b) A star-connected, 3-phase, 10 MVA, 6.6 kV alternator is protected by circulating


current protection, the star point being earthed via a resistance R. Estimate the
value of earthing resistor if 85 % of the stator winding is protected against earth
faults. Assume an earth fault setting of 20 %. Neglect the impedance of the
alternator winding
(8 marks)
(c)

A 3-phase transformer of 220/11000 V is connected in star/delta. The protective


transformer on 220 V side has a current ratio of 600/5. Sketch the schematic
arrangement for the protection system. Determine the CT ratio on 11000 V side.
(8 marks)

(d) Applying circulating current principle is more suitable for generators i.e. as in
part (b) than transformers in part (c). Explain why.
(4 marks)

8
SKEE 4423
Q.5
(a) What is a circuit breaker? Describe its operating principle.
(5 marks)
(b) Discuss briefly on the following terms as applied to circuit breakers:
(i)

Arc voltage,

(ii)

Restriking voltage,

(iii) Recovery voltage.


(6 marks)
(c) A 50 Hz, 11 kV, 3-phase alternator with earthed neutral has a reactance of 5 per
phase and is connected to a busbar through a circuit breaker. The distributed
capacitance up to circuit breaker between phase and neutral is 0.01 F. Determine:
(i)

Peak restriking voltage across the contacts of the breaker,

(ii)

Frequency of oscillations,

(iii) Time to reach peak value,


(iv) The average rate of rise of restriking voltage up to the first peak.
(10 marks)
(d) An air-blast circuit breaker interrupts a transformer magnetising current at an
instantaneous value of 8 A. If the values of L and C in the circuit are 35 H and
0.002 F, find the value of voltage that appears across the contacts of the breaker.
Assume that all the inductive energy is transferred to the capacitance.
(4 marks)

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi