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SKEE 4423
Q.1
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
current base
200 MVA
22 kV
X = 15%
T1
100 MVA
22/500 kV
X = 8%
T2
90 MVA
500/33 kV
X = 9%
T3
80 MVA
22/220 kV
X = 10%
T4
85 MVA
220/11 kV
X = 12%
Three phase load at Bus 4 absorbs 65 MVA, 0.75 lagging at 33 kV and three phase
load at Bus 7 absorbs 72 MW, 0.95 lagging at 10.5kV. Line 1 and Line 2 have
reactance of 80 and 40 respectively. Using base values of 200 MVA and 22
kV at the generator,
(i)
(ii)
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SKEE 4423
5%
7%
5%
G1
G2
G3
2%
2%
F
Figure Q.1(a)
T1
3
Line 1
500 kV
T2
Load 1
G
T3
T4
Line 2
220 kV
Load 2
Figure Q.1(b)
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SKEE 4423
Q.2
(a) With the help of diagram, describe how fuse is coordinated based on I 2t value.
(4 marks)
(b) A radial distribution system with source at one side of the feeders, each with
maximum load based on MVA rating is shown Figure Q.2(a). Propose the relay
setting (nearest value of PS and TSM) for all relays in the network. Choose the
discrimination time (DT) equal to 0.4 second in your calculation. Assume that
relays R1, R2 and R3 will operate with 0.36 second when a three-phase fault
occurs downstream close to the relay while R6 will operate with 0.22 second when
a three-phase fault occurs downstream close to the relay. Use IDMT relay
characteristic given by Figure Q.2(b) in your calculation. All impedance values are
referred to its own rating. The impedance of the transmission line is 1.5 pu with
base of 100 MVA, 13.2 kV. Assume that all impedances are pure reactance.
(21 marks)
34.5 kV
100 MVA
34.5 kV
R7
13.2 kV
10 MVA
34.5/13.2 kV
Z = 20 %
R5
13.2 kV
4 MVA
R4
Z = 1.5 pu
R3
3 MVA
R2
R6
2 MVA
2 MVA
R1
Relay
R7
CT Ratio 200/5
R6
R5
R4
R3, R2, R1
50/5
200/5
400/5
200/5
Figure Q.2(a)
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SKEE 4423
Figure Q.2(b)
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SKEE 4423
Q.3
(a) Describe briefly a non-unit scheme for the power system protection.
(4 marks)
(b) An uncompensated 50 Hz bar primary CT has a nominal ratio of 1000/5, on a core
of cross section 8 cm2. When supplying 5 A to a relay, the relay burden is (1.4 +
j2.45) and the CT secondary winding impedance is (3.5 + j0.35) . The
excitation current required in the primary winding to produce the working flux
with the secondary open circuit is 106.226.6 A. Calculate the flux density in the
core, the ratio error and the phase error.
(10 marks)
(c) A polarized mho distanced relay is used to protect a line having an impedance 0.5
70 per phase per km. The reach of the relay is 60 km. If the relay is supplied
from a CT of 5000:1 A and voltage transformer of 11,000:10 V, determine the
relay impedance, ZR. If a fault of 5 resistance occurs at 50.5 km of the relaying
point, determine whether the relay will operate or not. Assume that the relay
characteristic has the same angle as the transmission line and the line is supplied
from one end only.
(11 marks)
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SKEE 4423
Q.4
(a)
(d) Applying circulating current principle is more suitable for generators i.e. as in
part (b) than transformers in part (c). Explain why.
(4 marks)
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SKEE 4423
Q.5
(a) What is a circuit breaker? Describe its operating principle.
(5 marks)
(b) Discuss briefly on the following terms as applied to circuit breakers:
(i)
Arc voltage,
(ii)
Restriking voltage,
(ii)
Frequency of oscillations,