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CHAPTER 2

HAND TOOLS

Basic or Semiprecision Layout

OBJECTIVES
Lay out a workpiece to an accuracy of .007
in.
Lay out straight lines using the combination
square and surface gage
Lay out hole centers, arcs, and circles

20-2

BASIC OR SEMIPRECISION LAYOUT


Requires use of basic tools (Unit 19)
Dividers, trammels, scribers, calipers, squares

Keep simple as possible to save time


Accuracy of layout will affect accuracy of
finished workpiece
Layout different for each workpiece, but certain
procedures should be followed in any layout

20-3

TO LAY OUT HOLE LOCATIONS, SLOTS,


AND RADII

Sample workpiece for example of basic layout procedures


1.

Study workpiece and select proper stock


20-4

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Cut off stock, allowing enough material to


square ends if required
Remove all burrs
Clean surface thoroughly and apply layout dye
Place suitable angle plate on surface plate
Clamp work to angle plate with finished edge
of part against surface plate or on a parallel

Leave one angle protruding beyond workpiece

20-5

7.

With surface gage set to proper height, scribe


center line for full length of work
8. Using centerline as reference, set surface gage
for each horizontal line and scribe center lines
for all hole and radii locations
9. With work still clamped to angle plate, turn
angle plate 90 and scribe baseline at bottom
of workpiece
10. Using baseline as reference line, locate and
scribe other centerlines for each hole or arc

20-6

11. Locate starting points for angular layout

Note: All measurements for any location must be taken


from baseline or finished edge

12. Remove workpiece from angle plate


13. Carefully prick-punch center of all hole or radii
locations
14. Using divider set, scribe all circles and arcs

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

20-7

11. Scribe any lines required to connect arcs or


circles
12. Draw
in angular
lines

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

20-8

TO LAY OUT A CASTING


HAVING A CORED HOLE
Foundry molds casting that requires hole, core
used to produce rough hole

1.
2.

Core often shifts out of place and hole off center


Hole machined concentric with outside of casting

Procedure to lay out hole location:


Grind scale off surface to be laid out
Tap tightly fitting wooden piece into cast hole

20-9

3.
4.
5.
6.

Coat surface to be laid out and wooden piece


with solution of slaked lime and alcohol or
layout dye
With hermaphrodite calipers, scribe four arcs
using outside diameter of shoulder as reference
surface
Using the intersection of these arcs as center,
scribe circle of required diameter on casting
(concentric with outside of casting)
Prick-punch layout line at about eight
equidistant points around layout circle

20-10

KEYSEAT
Recessed groove cut in a shaft and into which a
key is fitted to prevent a mating part (pulley or
gear) from turning on shaft
Layout requires much care
Particularly if mating parts must maintain certain relative
position

20-11

PROCEDURE TO LAY OUT A


KEYSEAT IN A SHAFT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Apply layout dye to end of shaft and to area


where keyseat is to be laid out
Mount workpiece in a V-block
Set surface gage scriber to center of shaft
Scribe line across end and continue it along
shaft to keyseat location
Rotate workpiece in V-block and mark length
and position of keyseat on the shaft

20-12

6.
7.

Set dividers to half the width of keyseat, and


scribe circle at each end of layout
Using keyseat rule and scriber, connect the
circles with line on either side of the centerline
and tangent to circles

8.
9.

Circle may be connected using surface gage

Prick-punch keyseat layout and center-punch


centers of the circles
If necessary to drill holes at end of keyseat, set
up shaft by aligning end layout line in vertical
position with square

20-13

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