02/12/2015

Laboratory
Safety

General Laboratory protocol

Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory

Gerald John A. Paz, RMT, ASCPi

General Laboratory protocol

Basic safety
precautions:
Personal Hygiene

Personal protective
clothing and
equipment
Eye protection

General Laboratory protocol

Basic safety precautions:

Work practices
Housekeeping
Cleaning glassware
Laboratory animals

Hand washingmost important

single procedure for preventing
and controlling the spread of
infection

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Procedure:
Wet hands in running water
Keep hands lower than elbows, apply soap
Work into a lather, scrubbing fingers, palms, backs of
hands, wrist, and forearms and creating friction for at
least 15 seconds
Thoroughly rinse hands under running water
Use paper towels to blot and dry hands
Use dry paper towel to turn off the faucet
Discard used paper towels

General safety protocol

What, how, and why things are done should
be considered
No eating, drinking, and smoking
Cleanliness
Proper disposal
Use fume hood

Safety in the
Chemistry Laboratory
Hazardous Materials
classification

Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory

General safety protocol
Be familiar with safety equipment and how to
use it
Safety glasses should be worn in the laboratory
Sensible clothing
No unauthorized experiment should be
performed
Follow instructions

General safety protocol

Bunsen burner should be lighted only when
needed
One should not directly look into the mouth of an
open flask or test tube containing the reaction
mixture
Hot objects should not be touched
Use extreme caution when inserting glass into
stoppers
Use only equipment which is in good condition

Handling Liquid chemicals

Reagent in dropper bottles

#YouWereBornRight

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Handling Liquid chemicals

Handling Liquid chemicals

Reagent in a stopper bottle

Mixing

Handling Liquid chemicals

Handling Liquid chemicals

Pipetting
Heating

Handling Liquid
chemicals
Disposal

Handling Solid Chemicals

Transferring of solids
Mixing solids

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Emergency Cases
Eyes:
Flushed immediately with
water for 15 minutes

Skin:
Flush with water

Inhalation:
Fresh air and medical attention should be sought
immediately if one has a burning sensation, dizzy,
nauseated or vomiting or has difficulty in breathing

Ingestion:
Call the clinic right away. Do not attempt to vomit unless
instructed to do so.

Fire:
When a fire is discovered,
#RACE (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish)
How to operate fire extinguisher,
#PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep)

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Centrifugation
Spinning a sample at a high
rate of speed.
A process in which
centrifugal force is used to
separate solid matter from a
liquid suspension

Relative centrifugal force (RCF): more common measurement of

centrifugal force in terms of earths gravitation force (g)
RCF = (1.119x10-5) x (rpm)2 x r
(1.119x10-5)constant, determined from the angular velocity
rradius in centimeters, measured from the center of the centrifuge
axis to the bottom of the test-tube shield
rpmrevolutions per minute

Centrifuge care includes daily cleaning of any spills or

debris, such as blood or glass, and ensuring that the
centrifuge is properly balanced and free from any
excessive vibrations

Basic principles of centrifugation

Centrifugal Force (F)

F = mw2r
Fintensity of the centrifugal force
meffective mass of the sedimenting particle
wangular velocity of rotation in rad/ sec
rdistance of the migrating particles from the central axis of rotation
The force on a sedimenting particle increases with velocity of the
rotation and the distance of the particle from the axis of rotation

Centrifuge
classification is based on
several criteria,
Benchtop or floor model,
refrigeration,
rotor head (fixed, swingingbucket, or angled)

The speed of a
centrifuge is
easily checked
using a
tachometer or
strobe light.

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How to use centrifuge?

1. Make a counterbalance for the centrifuge tube you want to put in
the centrifuge.
2. Put the tubes opposite each other in the centrifuge.
3. Enter your settings such as rotations per minute.
4. Remove the tubes carefully after the centrifuge has completely
stopped spinning.