AOE 3024: Thin Walled Structures

Solution to Homework # 1

The state of stress at a point in a component is given as

40
40
0
40
50 60 MPa
0 60
40

(1)

a. Show this state of stress on a differential element

The state of stress is expressed as follows

xx
[] = yx
zx

xz
40
40
0
yz = 40
50 60 MPa
zz
0 60
40

xy
yy
zy

(2)

y
y, MPa

yy
yz

yx
xy

zy
zz

50

40

zx

xz

xx

60
40
60 40
40

40

40
40 60

60

40

x, MPa
50

z, MPa

a) This figure shows the sign convention followed by Eq.

b) The gray dashed arrows and numbers are on hidden

(2) on the positive faces

faces

Fig. 1 This is an infinitesimal element representing the state of stress for the given problem (NOTE: Units
are part of the answer)

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Solution to Homework # 1

b. Determine the stress vectors and the total force vectors acting on the faces OAC, OCB, and OBA.
Note that OA = 2OB = 2OC = .

y
B

B
40

/2

60
40

40 O
40

60

O
/2

50

Fig. 2

Faces OAC, OCB, and OBA are shown with the acting stresses

Two methods exist to find the stress vectors: static equilibrium of stresses and Cauchys relation (Cauchys formula)

METHOD ONE: Using static equilibrium

The infinitesimal element in Fig. (1) is in equilibrium. Therefore, the sum of all stresses in any direction should be
zero:
(j)

T + T (j) = 0 T (j) = T (j) where j represents the direction

(3)

Stress vector on face OBA

OBA

= zx i zy j zz k

(4a)

MPa
= (0) i (60) j (40)k

(4b)

MPa
= 60 j 40 k

(4c)

Stress vector on face OCB

OCB

= xx i xy j xz k

(5a)

MPa
= (40) i (40) j (0)k

(5b)

= 40 i 40 j MPa

(5c)

= yx i yy j yz k

(6a)

MPa
= (40) i (50) j (60)k

(6b)

MPa
= 40 i 50 j + 60 k

(6c)

Stress vector on face OAC

OAC

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Solution to Homework # 1

METHOD TWO: Using Cauchys Relation

Find unit vectors on faces on which traction forces are desired
n
OAC
n
OCB
n
OBA

= j
= i

= k

(7)
(8)
(9)

[] n
j

(10)

Stress vectors are found using Cauchys formula

j

where [] is given by Eq. (2).

Stress vector on face OBA
OBA

[] n
OBA

(11a)

40
40
0
0 0
50 60
0
60
= 40
=
MPa

0 60
40
1
40

(11b)

MPa
60 j 40 k

(11c)

[] n
OCB

(12a)

Stress vector on face OCB

OCB

40
40
0
1 40
0
40
50 60
=
MPa
= 40

0
0
0 60
40

(12b)

= 40 i 40 j MPa

(12c)

Stress vector on face OAC

OAC

[] n
OAC

(13a)

40
40
0
0 40
50 60
1
50
= 40
=
MPa

0 60
40
0
60

(13b)

MPa
= 40 i 50 j + 60 k

(13c)

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Solution to Homework # 1

Since force is equal to stress multiplied by area, we proceed to calculate the area of faces OAC, OCB, OBA

A =
AOAC

AOCB

AOBA

1
bh
2
 
1

1
()
= 2
2
2
4
  

1
1
= 2
2 2
2
8
 
1

1
()
= 2
2
2
4

(14)
(15)
(16)

Total force acting on face OBA: (Assumed that distance is given in meters)

(OBA)

(OBA)

T
AOBA
60 2 40 2
=
j k MPa-m2
4
4
MN
= 152 j 102 k
=

(17a)
(17b)
(17c)

Total force acting on face OCB: (Assumed that distance is given in meters)

(OCB)

(OCB)

T
AOCB
40 2 40 2
= i j MPa-m2
8
8
= 52 i 52 j MN

(18a)
(18b)
(18c)

Total force acting on face OAC: (Assumed that distance is given in meters)

(OAC)

(OAC)

T
AOAC
40 2 50 2 60 2
= i j + k MPa-m2
4
4
4
MN
= 102 i 12.52 j + 152 k
=

4 of 7
Solution to Homework # 1

(19a)
(19b)
(19c)

c. Determine the stress vector acting on the face ABC.

y
B

T
/2

O
/2

z
Fig. 3

Stress vector T acts on face ABC

METHOD ONE: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM

Since stresses are obtained dividing forces by the area, we proceed to find the area AABC
s 

5
2

AB =
+ () =
2
2
s 

 2
2

2
BC =
+
=

2
2
2
s 

5
2
CA =
+ () =

2
2

(20)

(21)

(22)

B
h

C
Fig. 4

The height of face ABC is assumed as h

2

2
BC
=

+ AB
2
v
!2
u
!2

u
5
3 2
2
t

=
=

+
4
2
4

AABC

=
=

1
1
b h = BC h
2
2
!
!
3
2
3 2
1
= 2

4
8
2
2
5 of 7

Solution to Homework # 1

(23a)

(23b)

(24a)
(24b)

Note that element OABC is in static equilibrium, therefore

X

F = 0 F OAC + F OCB + F OBA + F ABC = 0

Total force acting on face ABC is

F ABC = F OAC F OCB F OBA


 
 

52 i 52 j 102 i 12.52 j + 152 k
MN
= 152 j 102 k
=

MN
152 i + 2.52 j 52 k

(25)

(26a)
(26b)
(26c)

Stress vector is obtain by dividing the total force acting on face ABC by area of face ABC

F ABC
T =
AABC
MN
152 i + 2.52 j 52 k
=
3 2
8
20 40
= 40 i +
j
k MPa
3
3

(27a)
(27b)
(27c)

METHOD TWO: CAUCHYS FORMULA & PLANE ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

y
B

T
/2

/2

Fig. 5

Area of triangle ABC can be found by using the following equation

A ABC

1
AB AC
2



j
1  i

/2
2 

2 2 2
i+
j+
k
8
4
4

(28a)

k
0
/2

(28b)

(28c)

We could have also used the following (check it!)

1 1 2 2 2
A ABC = CA CB = BC BA =
i+
j+
k
2
2
8
4
4
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Solution to Homework # 1

(29)

Note that the absolute value of A ABC gives same answer as obtained by Eq. (24)
q


q

A ABC A ABC = A2x + A2y + A2z
A ABC =
s
=

2
8

2


+

2
4

2


+

2
4

(30a)

2

3 2

(30b)

(30c)

The unit normal to face ABC is found using Eqs. (28) and (30)
n
ABC

A ABC

=


A ABC

1
i+
3

2
j+
3

2
2
2
8 i+ 4 j+ 4 k
3 2
8

2
k
3

(31a)

(31b)

Stress vector is found as follows

ABC

[] n
ABC

(32a)

40
40
0
1/3 40
50 60
2/3
20/3
= 40
=
MPa

0 60
40
2/3
40/3

(32b)

40 i +

20 40
j
k MPa
3
3

(32c)

MPa
40 i + 6.667 j 13.333 k

(32d)

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Solution to Homework # 1