Educational backgrounds of women

NO. OF
WOMENS

LEVEL
PRIMARY
SECONDA
RY
TERTAIRY

1
99

INTERPRETATION:
Through our survey we found that about 99% of women have either completed or
are pursuing their higher education in universities and college where as 1% had
only completed their secondary education.
CHART:

LEVEL
120
99

100
80

NO.OF WOMEN

60
40
20
0

1
PRIMARY

SECONDARY

TERTAIRY

WOMENS WHO ARE ENTREPRENEURS

TABLE:
NUMBER
28
72

YES
NO

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 100 there are only 28 females who are entrepreneurs where as
others dont work.
PIE CHART:

women entrepreneurs

28

YES
NO

72

OBSTACLES FACED BY WOMEN DURING

COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS
TABLE:
no obstacles

10

a question of self confidence(believing in your

abilities)

financial questions (raising capital)

lack of information / advice

on how to start an enterprise

finding the right contacts for your business

venture

combining family and work life

INTERPRETATION:
Out of 28 entrepreneurs there were 10 women who started their business without
any obstacles where as others had problem in raising fund,didnt have right
knowledge and contacts to start off or they were less confident.

NO.OF WOMEN FACING THAT PROBLEM

10
8
NO.OF WOMEN FACING
THAT PROBLEM

6
4
2
0
1

Womens family obligations also bar them initiating and

becoming successful entrepreneurs
Agree
Partially agree
Dont agree

50
42
8

INTERPRETATIONS:
50% of women strongly agreed with our option that obligations by family bar them
to become a successful entrepreneur where as 42% partially agreed and only 8% of
women disagreed with are statement.

50
50

opinion
42

40
30

opinion

20
8

10
0
Agree

Partially agree

Dont agree

CHI SQUARE TEST

H0: to find out whether age group has an impact on the agreement of the statement
Womens family obligations also bar them initiating and becoming successful
entrepreneurs
Formula:(O-E)^2/E
Age group:
17 & 18 38
19 & above 62
Observed:
21
11
6
Expected:

29
31
2

19
15.96
3.04
Calculation:

31
26.04
4.96

Observed
21
29
11
31
6
2

Expected
19
31
15.96
26.04
3.04
4.96

O-E=d
2
-2
-4.96
4.96
2.96
-2.96

d square
4
4
24.6016
24.6016
8.7616
8.7616

Degree of freedom =2 at 5% level

Table value=5.79
Calculated value=7.47
table value < calculated value therefore h0 is accepted .

d square /e
0.21
0.13
1.54
0.94
2.88
1.77
Total=7.47

the women entrepreneurs are suffering from inadequate financial

resources and working capital
TABLE:
Agree
Partially agree
Dont agree

20
64
16

INTERPRETATION:
financial institutions are generally sceptical about the entrepreneurial seriousness
and ability of women entrepreneurs; as a result the women entrepreneurs are
suffering from inadequate financial resources and working capital and about 20%
of women agree with this statement whereas 64% partially agree and 16% totally
disagree with this statement.
CHART:

entrepreneurs suffering for inadequate financial resources

Dont agree

26
entrepreneurs
suffering for
inadequate financial
50
resources

Partially agree

Agree

24

0 5 101520253035404550

2.H0:To find out whether no. of working and not working women have any impact
on financial institutions are generally sceptical about the entrepreneurial
seriousness and ability of women entrepreneurs; as a result the women
entrepreneurs are suffering from inadequate financial resources and working
capital.
Formula:(O-E)^2/E
Women:
working 28
non working 72
Observed:
7
16
5
Expected:

13
48
11

5.6
17.92
4.48
Calculation:

14.14
46.08
11.52

Observed
7
13
16
48
5
11

Expected
5.6
14.14
17.92
46.08
4.48
11.52

O-E=d
1.4
-1.4
-1.92
1.92
0.52
-0.52

d square
1.96
1.96
3.6864
3.6864
0.2704
0.2704

Degree of freedom =2 at 5% level

Table value=5.79
Calculated value=0.87
table value >calculated value therefore h0 is rejected .

d square /e
0.35
0.14
0.21
0.08
0.06
0.03
Total=0.87

MALE DOMINATION AS AN HURDLE FOR WOMEN:

AGREE
PARTIALLY AGREE
DONT AGREE
INTERPRETATION:

27
50
23

The overall male domination in the entire business and entrepreneurship area also
works as a hurdle for women and about 27% of women agree with our this
statement where as 23% disagree and about 50% of women only partially agree
with our this statement.
CHART:

male domination as an hurdle for women

Dont agree

26

50

Partially agree

Agree

24

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

male domination as
an hurdle for women

3.H0:To find out whether no. of working and not working women have any impact
on The overall male domination in the entire business and entrepreneurship area
also works as a hurdle for women
Formula:(O-E)^2/E
Women:
working 28
non working 72
Observed:
10
9
9
Expected:

17
41
14

7.56
14
6.44
Calculation:

19.44
36
16.56

Observed
10
17
9
41
9
14

Expected
7.56
19.44
14
36
6.44
16.56

O-E=d
2.44
-2.44
-5
5
2.6
-2.6

d square
5.9536
5.9536
25
25
6.76
6.76

Degree of freedom =2 at 5% level

Table value=5.79
Calculated value=5.04
table value >calculated value therefore h0 is rejected .

d square /e
0.79
0.31
1.79
0.69
1.05
0.41
Total=5.04

High level of risk taking attitude factor affects womens decision to get into
business
AGREE
PARTIALLY AGREE
DISAGREE
INTERPRETATION:

24
50
26

There are a lot of problems that affect women to get into business and about 24%
of women agree with this statement and about 26% disagree with this statement
and 50% of women only partially agree with this statement.
CHART:

RISK FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN

50
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

24

26
RISK FACTORS
AFFECTING WOMEN

4.H0:To find out whether no. of working and not working women have any impact
on High level of risk taking attitude factor affects womens decision to get into
business
Formula:(O-E)^2/E
Women:
working 28
non working 72
Observed:
10
15
3
Expected:

14
35
23

6.72
14
7.28
Calculation:

17.28
36
18.72

Observed
10
14
15
35
3
23

Expected
6.72
17.28
14
36
7.28
18.72

O-E=d
3.28
-3.28
1
-1
-4.28
4.28

d square
10.7528
10.7528
1
1
18.3184
18.3184

Degree of freedom =2 at 5% level

Table value=5.79
Calculated value=5.82
table value <calculated value therefore h0 is accepted .

d square /e
1.60
0.62
0.07
0.03
2.52
0.98
Total=5.82

WOMEN WOULD START THERE OWN BUSINESS FOR:

Profit/ money making

22

Independence / freedom

23

Social status

Self achievement

21

Dream desire

13

Challenge

Idea driven

INTERPRETATION:
What drives women from opting to choose a business is profit making,social
status,dream desire.challenge,etc and more than 20% of women become
entrepreneurs for self achievement , freedom and money making.
CHART:
25
20

22

23

21

15
10
5
0

13
8

8
5

FAMILY SUPPORT
OPPOSE
NEUTRAL
SUPPORT
INTERPRETATION:

6
35
59

about 59% of women get family support where as 6% of women suffer from
family obligations and about 35% of women get partially supported by famlily.
CHART:
70
59

60
50
40

35

30
20
106
0
OPPOSE

NEUTRAL

SUPPORT

SOURCES OF FUNDING:
Self-financed

6
3

Banks

3
2

Venture capitalist

State finance
corporation

INTERPRETATION:
about 63% women are self financed where as other depend on banks(32%) and
hardly 2 to 3% of women source there fund from venture and state finance
corporation.
CHART:

SOURCES OF FUNDING

Venture capitalist; 3% State finance corporation; 2%

Banks; 32%
Self-financed; 63%

PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN TO START A BUSINESS

Finance

21

Social Support

19

Experience

44

Mentors

Others

11

INTERPRETATION:
About 44% of women lack experience in the field of business and not only this but
they have various other problems related to finance(21%),social support(19%) ,etc.
CHART:

PROBLEMS FACED
11%
5%

21%

Finance
Social Support
Experience
Mentors

19%
44%

Others

FINDINGS:
Through this survey on women we found that about 99% of women
were highly educated but only about 28% among all were entrepreneurs
and owned their own businesses. They were 10 women among all who
didnt face any obstacle to start a business where as the rest had
problems in rasing the funds .didnt have family and social support,
lacked confidence and didnt have right contacts to start their own
business.
A lot of women had family obligations which bared them from initiating
the business and others had the fear of male domination as a main
hurdle. About more than 20% of women wanted to start their own
business to make money and self achievement. many other where idea
driven and had dream desire to own a business. About 59% women got
family support and 63% where self financed.through our survey we
found that Obstacles faced by women were relating through finance, fear
of security,lack of experience and confidence,they didnt have family
and social support too.