Energy Resources and

Utilization

Contact Hours 3hrs /week

Instructor : Dr. Maryam Masood
Email : maryammasoodksk@gmail.com

Image Source: www.leftfootforward.org

Lecture Contents
Course Aim
Expected Learning Outcomes
Course Overview
Assessment Criteria
Overview of Energy Use
World Energy Resources
Renewable Energy
Non renewable Energy
Problems with current energy use
Renewable Energy Resources
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Course Aim
The aims of this course is to equip students
with an appreciation of the global energy scene
and the impacts of energy production and
consumption on the environment. Students will
be given and understanding of the origin and
nature of various renewable/sustainable
energy resources, the assessment of their
ability to meet our future energy demands, and
the design of renewable energy systems.
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Course Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of this course the you should be
able to:

understand the current global energy situation and

the origins of renewable energy (RE) resources
understand the technological processes involved in
exploitation of RE sources for power generation
assess the suitability of various RE resources in a
particular context
perform simple techno-economical assessments of
RE systems
design and analyse sustainable energy systems
(renewable and non-renewable) meeting specific
energy demands
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Course Overview
Introduction to renewable energy technology
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Biomass
Hydropower
Wave Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy

Assessment Criteria
Assessment Method

Grade Weigh2ng

Quiz 1
Project
Mid Term
Quiz 2
Final Exam

5%
20%
30%
5%
40%

75% attendance is a must to take any exam.

Deadlines will not be extended in any case, if you miss a
quiz or deadline you will be assessed based on your
previous performance
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Recommended Text
JohnTwidell, TonyWeir, AnthonyD.Weir
RenewableEnergyResources,Taylor&Francis.
Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy - Power for a
Sustainable Future. Oxford University Press,
2004
Jeerson W. Tester, Elisabeth M. Drake, Michael
J. Driscoll, Michael W. Golay, William A. Peters,
Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among OpWons,
The MIT Press.
Anjaneyulu Yerramilli, Francis Tuluri Energy
Resources, UWlizaWon and Technologies
Handouts given during the course
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Overview of Energy Use

Well known issues in energy sector
Ever increasing energy usage
Limited reserves of raw fossil fuels
Improving standards of living
increased consumption
Global Insecurities
Global warming
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World Energy Consumption

Dominance of fossil fuels

World total energy consumption by fuel (Mtoe)

MToe

Source: BP

World Energy Consumption

World energy consumption per capita 2014 (Mtoe)

Source: BP

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Average Energy Consumption by

Country

Source:

Per capita average commercial energy use for selected countries. 11

Sustainable energy : choosing among options / Jefferson W. Tester...[et al.]. 2nd ed.

World Energy Supply

Dominance of fossil fuels

World total primary energy supply (TPES) from 1971 to 2013 by fuel (Mtoe)
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Source: IEA Key World Energy StaWcs 2015

Global Insecurities
Middle east holds 42.7% of the world gas
reserves and Europe& Eurasia 31%
Source: BP-2015

Middle east holds 47.7% of the world gas reserves and Europe& Eurasia 9.1%
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Source: BP-2015

Environmental impact
Stratospheric ozone depletion
Greenhouse gas emissions
Global warming
Acid rain
Unsafe drinking water
Hazardous/solid waste disposal
Loss of plant and animal species,
and human health and well-being.
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Global Warming

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Source: http://awsassets.wwf.org.au/img/original/cl_the_greenhouse_effect_image_800x600.jpg

Some Proposed Solutions

Replace fossils with renewables
(solar, wind)
CO2 Sequestration
Move to biofuels
Conservation
Increase fuel efficiency
Use hybrid cars/electronic cars etc
Shale oil
Geothermal
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Energy Usage Categories

Transportation gas and oil
(mobile fuel)
Heating gas and oil (anything)
Electricity coal, nuclear, gas,
hydro (lighting, cooling, industry)
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable development can be broadly
defined as living, producing and consuming in a
manner that meets the needs of the present
without com- promising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
The world has finite resources and a finite
capacity to absorb the ecological burdens that
humans may put on it was widely discussed by
many scientists during this period.
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Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is the term used to cover those
energy flows that occur naturally and repeatedly in
the environment and can be harnessed for human
benefit.
The ultimate sources of most of this energy are the
sun, gravity and the earths rotation.
Examples

Hydropower Biomass
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Geothermal Energy
Tidal Energy
Wave Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

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Non Renewable Energy

Nonrenewable energy is energy obtained from static
stores of energy that remain bound unless released
by human interaction.
Nonrenewable energy supplies are also called finite
supplies.
Examples
nuclear fuels
fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
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Expected Lifetime of Fuels

Oil and natural gas - 50 yrs
Coal - 300 years
Oil shale and tar sands - 350 years
Nuclear fission
Todays light water reactors - 100 years
Future breeders - 10,000 years
Nuclear fusion
DT reaction - 10,000 years
DD reaction -
Renewables -
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Forms of Renewable Energy

Source: Boyle, G.
2004

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Solar Energy Direct Uses

Solar energy can be used directly for different
purposes such as:
Space or water heating at relative low
temperatures by absoption in solar collectors.
Passive heating in buildings designed to take
advantage of solar energy.
Generation of electricity by concentrating the
solar energy in parabolic mirrors that heat up
the water to several thousand C
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Solar Energy Indirect Uses

Hydro Energy
one of the prevailing energy producing technologies,
provides about 20% the worlds electricity and upto 40 % in
developing world

Wind Energy
Wind energy offers the potential to generate substantial
amounts of electricity without the pollution problems of most
conventional forms of energy.
39% (147GW)of the worlds installed wind capacity is located in
Asia pacific. (BP)
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Solar Energy Indirect Uses

Wave Energy
Ocean waves are generated by wind passing ove stretches of
water. The total power of waves breaking on the world's
coastlines is estimated at 2 to 3 million megawatts.

OTEC
OTEC, or ocean thermal energy conversion, is an energy
technology that converts solar radiation to electric power.
Each day, the oceans absorb enough heat from the sun to
equal the thermal energy contained in 250 billion barrels of oil.

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Solar Energy Indirect Uses

Biomass
Biomass is one of the major world fuel sources, especially in
the third world, where it provides 40% of the requirements.
It is considered CO2 neutral.

Source: KTH Lectures

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Non Solar Renewable Energy

Tidal Energy
Tidal energy is the result of the interaction of the gravitational
pull of the moon and, to a lesser extent, the sun, on the seas.

Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy results from heat stored in rock by earths
natural heat flow.
Geothermal Capacity of the world in 2014 reached 12.6 GW.
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Current Renewable Energy

Trends
Other renewables consumption by
region (Mtoe)

Source : BP, 2015

Other renewables share of power

generation by region (Percentage)

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Scientific Principles of
Renewable Energy
Availability of resource
Dynamic Characteristics
Quality of supply
Centralized Systems
Situation Dependence
Complex Systems
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Technical Implications of
Renewable Energy
Protecting the environment
End Use requirement
Matching supply and demand
Control Options
i.
ii.
iii.

Spill excess energy

Incorporate Storage
Load Control
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Social Implications of Renewable

Energy
Dispersed Living
Pollution & Environmental Control
Awareness
Community Involvement
Future Outlook
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Questions?

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