Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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Bibliografia
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Histrico
Em 1968 cientes das dificuldades encontradas na poca para se implementar
controles lgicos industriais. David Emmett e William Stone da General Motors
Corporation solicitaram aos fabricantes de instrumentos de controle que
desenvolvessem um novo tipo de controlador lgico que incorporasse as seguintes
caractersticas:
Ser de fcil manuteno;
Ter condies de operarem ambientes;
Ser fisicamente menor que os sistemas de rels;
Ter condies de ser interligado a um sistema central de coleta de dados;
Ter um preo competitivo com os sistemas de rels;
Cada unidade deveria ser dotada de uma memria
Programvel com capacidade mnima de 3000 palavras com possibilidade de
expanso.
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Vantagens
Ocupam menor espao;
Rpido e fcil de fazer mudanas;
O CLP tem funes integradas de diagnstico;
Aplicaes podem ser imediatamente
documentadas;
Aplicaes podem ser duplicadas rapidamente
e com menos custo.
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Alguns Fabricantes
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SCAN CLP
O programa do CLP executado por um processo repetitivo chamado SCAN, onde,
inicia-se a leitura das entradas, executa-se o programa, de acordo com a entrada,
atualiza os dados internos (memrias) e comunicao e finalmente, atualiza as sadas.
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Tipos de CLP
Existem CLPs de pequeno, mdio e grande porte, ou seja, ser de acordo com a
quantidade de I/Os do processo e tipo de processo para a definio do porte.
S1200
Pequeno
Mdio
Grande
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CPU do CLP
CPU -central processor unit (CPU) o sistema microprocessado que realiza todos
os procedimentos de leitura de dados, instrues e controle de dados do sistema.
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CPU
Mdulos de Expanso
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Hardware de Comunicao
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Sistemas Numricos
Sistema Binrio
Nos CLPs, que tambm um computador, as informaes de entrada e sada
so tratadas como bits (0 ou 1), Bytes (8 bits), Words (2 Bytes ou 16 bits) ou
Double Words (2 Words, 4 bytes ou 32 bits).
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Sistema Binrio
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OBS: Os sinais padres que os sensores industriais analgicos utilizam so: 0~10V,
0~20mA, 4~20mA e -10~10V e outros. So esses sinais que os CLPs recebem.
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Na prtica....
Faa uma pesquisa sobre os mdulos de expanso utilizados nos CLPs para entrada
e sada de sinais analgicos e digitais: Quantidade de canais, especificaes e valores.
Faa uma pesquisa tambm sobre mdulos de entrada digital rpida e aplicaes com
esses mdulos.
Realiza tambm uma pesquisa mdulos de leitura para sensores de termopar: utilizao
e aplicao.
Pesquisar tambm sobre a norma IEC 61131-3.
Essa pesquisa deve ser realizada com no mximo 5 integrantes e realizar uma
apresentao com 7 minutos sobre os itens solicitados acima.
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LADDER
TEXTO ESTRUTURADO
LISTA DE INSTRUES
DIAGRAMA DE BLOCOS
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GRAFCET
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Endereamento no CLP
Nos CLPs os endereos lgicos a interface para a comunicao com os
dispositivos externos como sensores, botoeiras e vlvulas. Assim, quando um sensor
ou dispositivo de entrada for acionado altera o status do bit (0/1) -> (entrada) e com
uma lgica prvia (software de controle ), tambm ser acionada uma vlvula
(sada).
I0.0 ->
I Entrada (IN)
0 Palavra (Word)
0 Bit da Palavra
Q0.0 ->
Q Sada (QUIT)
0 Palavra (Word)
0 Bit da Palavra
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OR
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24VCC
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Na prtica....
1 - Monte as seguintes lgicas em um simulador para CLP: NOR, NAND, XOR e NXOR.
Cada lgica deve ter uma sada para acionar uma lmpada.
2 Monte em um simulador a seguinte lgica:
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O Sistema deve funcionar da seguinte forma: Quando a chave estiver acionada no modo
Automtico e o boto liga for acionado, a bomba dever encher o tanque at atingir o nvel
alto. Aps, dever esvaziar at atingir o nvel baixo, e assim, iniciar o ciclo novamente. Caso o
boto desliga for acionado, desliga todo o sistema. Quando o boto desliga for desligado, o
boto liga deve ser acionado novamente para que o processo inicie aonde parou. Quando o boto
manual for acionado, o processo deve ser controlado por um operador.
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Pulsos P / N
So contatos que detectam bordas
de subida (P) ou descida (N) da
lgica anterior a eles, ficando no
nvel lgico 1 por uma varredura
(scan), logo em seguida retornam ao
nvel lgico 0.
Instruo NOT
Esta instruo inverte o resultado
lgico da lgica de programao
anterior a ela, ou seja, se o resultado
lgico da lgica de programao
anterior
a ela for 0, ela transforma em 1, e
vice versa.
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6) Utilizando SET/RESET: O processo de encaixotamento ser iniciado pela botoeira liga. Quando
a mesma for pressionada, a esteira de transporte de caixas (Q0.0) dever ser acionada;
.O sensor S1 (I0.3) dever interromper o funcionamento da esteira de transporte de caixas. Para
que as mesmas possam ser preenchidas com os produtos, ao mesmo tempo a esteira de
transporte de produtos (Q0.1) dever ser acionada;
O sensor S2 (I0.4) ser responsvel pela contagem dos produtos. Cada caixa deve ser
preenchida com 5 unidades do produto; Quando a caixa estiver completamente preenchida, o
funcionamento da esteira de transporte de produtos (Q0.1) dever ser interrompido e o
funcionamento da esteira de transporte de caixas dever ser retomado, para que outra caixas
possam ser preenchidas; O processo de encaixotamento de produtos dever ser contnuo.
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Selecione as 'Propriedades' do
'Protocolo de Internet (TCP/IP)'
( Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Propriedades)
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Em seguida, possvel
configurar os 'Endereos IP'
e a 'Mscara de subrede' e
aplicar com 'OK'. ( Usar o
seguinte endereo IP
Endereo IP: 192.168.0.99
Mscara de subrede
255.255.255.0 OK
Fechar)
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Selecione o 'Totally Integrated Automation Portal', que aqui chamado por meio
de um clique duplo. ( TIA Portal)
Selecione o item 'Online & Diagnostics' e, em seguida, abra 'Project view'. (
Online & Diagnostics Project view)
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Novo Projeto
A ferramenta central o 'Totally Integrated Automation Portal', que chamada aqui
por meio de um clique duplo.
Os programas para o SIMATIC S7-1200 so administrados em projetos. Um projeto
criado na visualizao do portal ( Create a new project Startup Create)
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O bloco poder, ento, ser movido por meio de simples Arrastar & Soltar para a
rede 1 do bloco Main[OB1]. No se esquea de documentar as redes tambm no
bloco Main[OB1]. ( program press)
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Temporizadores
So blocos ou dispositivos utilizados para a contagem de tempo em processos
Industriais. Sero vistos 3 principais temporizadores TON, TOF e TP. Abaixo esto
Os temporizados conforme configurao do Portal TIA
Temporizador TP
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Temporizador TP - Parmetros
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Temporizador TON
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Temporizador TOF
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Na prtica
Elabore a rotina de programao no CLP, que atenda as condies do circuito auxiliar
de comando por partida estrela\tringulo, para um motor de induo trifsico.
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Contadores
So dispositivos utilizados para a contagem. Os principais so CTU, CTD e CTUD.
CTU Count Up
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9) O processo de carimbo de chapas ser iniciado pela botoeira liga. Quando a mesma
for pressionada, a esteira de transporte de chapas (Q0.0) dever ser acionada; Quando
a chapa atingir o sensor S3 (I0.4), a esteira dever parar e o pisto do carimbo dever
avanar (Q0.1) para pressionar a chapa durante 5 segundos. Decorrido o tempo, o
pisto do carimbo dever recuar (Q0.2). O processo de carimbo dever ser repetido 3
vezes em cada chapa; Aps a chapa ter sido carimbada por 3 vezes o pisto do
carimbo dever ficar recuado e a esteira dever voltar a funcionar, retomando o
processo para que as outras chapas possam ser carimbadas; A qualquer momento o
processo de carimbo das chapas poder ser interrompido pressionando-se a botoeira
desliga e retomado do mesmo ponto, ao se pressionar a botoeira liga; O processo de
carimbo das chapas dever ser contnuo. O sistema dever contar quantas chapas
carimbadas foram feitas.
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10) A figura abaixo mostra um misturador usado para fazer cores personalizadas de
tinta. Possuem dois encanamentos entrando no topo do tanque , fornecendo dois
ingredientes diferentes , e um nico encanamento no fundo do tanque para transportar
a tinta misturada finalizada. Nessa aplicao voc vai controlar a operao de
preenchimento , monitorar o nvel do tanque , e controlar o misturador e o perodo de
aquecimento . Seguir os passos 1 at o 8 listados abaixo.
1o passo Encha o tanque com o ingrediente 1.
2o passo Encha o tanque com o ingrediente 2.
(a utilizao do 1o ou do 2o ingrediente so independentes)
3o passo Monitore o nvel do tanque para o acionamento da chave High-Level, utilizando um
sensor de nvel .
4o passo Manter o status da bomba se a chave Start est aberta , isto , a chave "start'' deve ser
independente ( tambm perceba que o contato a ser utilizado deve ser normal fechado ) .
5o passo Comece a misturar os ingredientes e o perodo de aquecimento ( 10 Seg. por exemplo ).
6o passo Ligue o motor do misturador e a vlvula de vapor ( atravs destes haver a mistura e
aquecimento , respectivamente ) .
7o passo Drene o tanque da mistura atravs da vlvula "Drain Valve"( vlvula de drenagem ) e do
motor "Drain Pump"( bomba de drenagem ).
8o passo Crie um modo de contar quantas vezes este processo ( descrito do 1o ao 7o passo )
realizado por completo .
O sistema deve ser contnuo.
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