HYDRONIC SYSTEM

J.ILANGUMARAN

P.S.
6"

6"

P.S.

5"

10"

5"

10"
5"

10"

5"

5"

5"
CONDENSER

10"
5"

5"

5"

5"
CONDENSER
10"

10"
10"
5"

5"

5"

5"
CONDENSER

CONDENSER W ATER PUMPS

( ONE STAND BY )

HYDRONIC SYSTEM

HYDRONIC SYSTEM - BASIC COMPONENTS

EXPANSION
CHAMBER

* CHILLERS
* HOT WATER
GENERATORS

PUMPS

SOURCE HEAT

LOAD HEAT

TERMINAL UNITS
* A.H.U.
* F.C.U.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

* SOURCE

* LOAD

* PUMP

* DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ( PIPING NETWORK )

* EXPANSION CHAMBER

WATER IS USED TO CARRY HEAT FROM POINT OF

GENERATION SUCH AS COOLING / HEATING COIL TO A
POINT WHERE IT CAN BE REJECTED SUCH AS
REFERIGERANT MACHINE & HOT WATER GENERATOR
COOLING & DEHUMIDIFICATION

COMPRESSOR

COIL-CHW

CHILLING MACHINE
AIR FLOW
TO SPACE

55F CHILLED
WATER RETURN
CONDENSOR
WATER PIPE LINES

HEAT REJECTED TO
REFRIGERANT
ie. AT COOLER

45F CHILLED WATER SUPPLY

HEAT EXCHANGE
BETWEEN CHILLED
WATER & AIR
TERMINAL UNITS
* AHU'S
* FCU'S

HEATING - HOT WATER & COIL

HOT WATER SUPPLY
HEATING COIL
AIR FLOW
TO SPACE
HOT WATER SUPPLY
100F
HOT WATER
GENERATOR
HEAT REJECTED TO
ELECTRIC HEATERS

120F
100F

HOT WATER RETURN PIPE

HEAT EXCHANGE
BETWEEN HOT
WATER & AIR
TERMINAL UNITS
* AHU'S * FCU'S

AIR OUT

COOLING
TOWER
COMPRESSOR

CONDENSOR
CONDENSOR
WATER RETURN

AIR IN

CHILLING MACHINE

CONDENSOR
WATER SUPPLY

WATER PIPE LINES

HEAT OF REFRIGERANT
CONDENSATION REJECTED
TO COOLING TOWER
ie. ATMOSPHERE

HEAT TRANSFER
BETWEEN REFRIGERANT
AND WATER

WATER IS USED TO CONDENSE THE REFERIGERANT TO

LIQUID. IT THUS TRANSPORTS THE HEAT OF
CONDENSATION TO COOLING TOWER FOR REJECTION
TO ATMOSPHERE

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
MECHANICAL
PLANT ROOM
HIGH SIDE

SOURCE GENERATION OF
COOLING/HEATING

WATER IS USED AS
A CARRIER OF HEAT,
IT IS THE COOLANT

LOW SIDE

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

CHILLED WATER
SUPPLY
CHILLED WATER
RETURN

BLOCK A
F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

AHU

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

BLOCK B

OR COOLING
MEDIUM.
IT TRANSPORTS THE
SPACE HEAT TO
CHILLING MACHINE.

AHU

WATER IS A

SECONDARY

L
L
AHU
BLOCK D
BLOCK C

AHU

REFERIGERANT

CHILLER FLOW RATE

HEAT CARRYING CAPACITY OF PIPING
Q

MASS FLOW RATE x SP. HEAT x TEMP.

RANGE

Q BTU/HR

GALLONS/MINUTE x 8.33
POUND/GALLON x 60 x 1 x T0 F

GALLON/MINUTE x 500 x T0 F

T0 F

BTU/HR PER GPM, FLOW RATE

4000

3.0 GPM / TR.

10

5000

2.4 GPM / TR.

15

7500

20

10,000

CLOSED RECIRCULATING TYPE

ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE
EXPANSION
TANK

STATIC HS = STATIC HD
THERE IS NO UNBALANCED
STATIC HEAD.
EVEN WHEN PUMP IS NOT IN
OPERATION, THE ENTIRE
PIPING IS FILLED WITH
WATER

CHILLED WATER
SUPPLY

THE PRESSURE AT THE

HIGHEST POINT =
TERMINAL
UNITS

CHILLED
WATER
RETURN

COOLER

SYSTEM PRESSURE + STATIC

HEIGHT & LIQUID
(EXPANSION TANK WATER

44F

PUMP

54F

LEVEL )

DIRECT RETURN
D

E
AHU / FCU

10 FT

10 FT

F
AHU / FCU

10 FT

10 FT

G
AHU / FCU

10 FT

PUMP
A

COOLER

40 FT

PARALLEL PATHS
-

A-B-G-H ( 100 FT. )

SHORTEST PATH

A-B-C-F-G-H (120 FT.)

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H ( 140 FT. ) LONGEST PATH

10 FT


SEAMLESS IS EXPENSIVE & HENCE NOT USED

GENERALLY FOR HVAC SYSTEM

FOR CHILLED & CONDENSER WATER PIPING
ERW CLASS -C, PIPES ARE USED
 CLASS A IS NEVER USED

FOR DRAINS ERW CLASS B GI PIPE IS USED

CONTROL VALVES


CONTROL VALVES ARE USED ACROSS THE

COOLING / HEATING COILS FOR VARYING
WATER FLOW IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING
LOAD.

TYPES

3 WAY MOTORISED - MIXING

3 WAY MOTORISED - DIVERTING
2 WAY MOTORISED

3 WAY VALVES ARE USED FOR CONSTANT

PUMPING SYSTEM, WHILE 2 WAY VALVES ARE
USED FOR VARIABLE PUMPING SYSTEM.

3 WAY MOTORISED MIXING VALVE

CHW / HOT
WATER IN

COIL

B
CHW / HOT
WATER OUT

AB

MOSTLY USED IN RETURN LINE OF COOLING /

HEATING COILS. THERE ARE TWO INLETS AND ONE
OUTLET. THE PORT DESIGN IS SUCH THAT IT
CANNOT BE USED IN PLACE OF DIVERTING VALVE.
FLOW VARIES THROUGH THE COIL. THE TOTAL
FLOW REMAINS REMAINS SAME.

3 WAY MOTORISED DIVERTING VALVE

CHW / HOT
WATER IN

AB

A
B

COIL

CHW / HOT
WATER OUT

THERE IS ONE INLET AND TWO OUTLETS. THE

PORT DESIGN IS SUCH THAT IT CAN BE USED IN
PLACE OF MIXING VALVE. DIVERTING VALVES
ARE EXPENSIVE AND ARE NOT COMMONLY
USED.

EXPAN.
TANK
AHU
4000 CFM

4"

AHU
4000 CFM

8"

8"

8"
4"

CHILLER
4"

8"

8"
4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

CHILLER

8"

AHU
4000 CFM

8"

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"
CHILLER
FLOW RATE / MACHINE
= 1226 LPM
WATER TEMPERATURE IN
= 53F ( 11.6 C )
WATER TEMPERATURE OUT = 45F ( 7.2C )

3 NOS. CHILLED WATER PUMP

( ONE STAND BY )

CHILLED WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

8"

8"

P.S.
6"

6"

P.S.

5"

10"

5"

10"
5"

10"

5"

5"

5"
CONDENSER

10"
5"

5"

5"

5"
CONDENSER
10"

10"
10"
5"

5"

5"

5"
CONDENSER

CONDENSER WATER PUMPS

( ONE STAND BY )

CONDENSER WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

END