1.

PNP mandatory retirement age is

A. 56
B. 66
C. 55
D. 60
Read: Criminology Board Exam Reviewer
2. The Highest award given to PNP members.
A. Medalya ng Katapatan
B. Medalya ng Karunungan
C. Medalya ng Kagitingan
D. Medalya ng Kabayanihan
3. Cold Weather Clothing allowance is usually given to PNP members
assigned in
A. Baguio City and Tagaytay City
B. Rizal Province and Cordillera
C. Cordillera and Davao
D. Baguio City and Davao
4. Optional retirement in the PNP is upon the accumulation of how
many years of satisfatory service?
A. 15 Years
B. 20 Years
C. 25 Years
D. 30 Years
Read: LEA Sample Board Exam Questions
5. The Year night watch was formed in Boston.
A. 1638
B. 1700
C. 1833
D. 1905
6. The Rattle watch in New York was formed in what year?
A. 1658
B. 1700
C. 1856
D. 1905

7. The Advent of a daytime police with pay

A. 1772
B. 1800
C. 1833
D. 1856
8. The Texas Rangers were organized in what year?
A. 1658
B. 1658
C. 1856
D. 1835
9. In England, They were assistants to the constables and walked the
streets removing vagrants.
A. Thief Takers
B. Beadies
C. Food Pad
D. Constables
10. In old England, Private citizens with no official status were paid
by the King for every criminal they arrested, they are called
A. Thief Takers
B. Beadies
C. Food Pad
D. Constables
11. The Major role of the thief takers in old England was to combat
what crime, committed by highwaymen?
A. Thief
B. Highway Robbery
C. Prostitution
D. Vagrancy
12. It means Food Pad
A. Street Robber
B. Street Dancer
C. Beggar
D. Prostitutes
13. He was credited for laying the foundation for the first modern
police force.
A. Patrick Colquhoun

B. Sir Robert Peel

C. John Howard
D. Henry Fielding
14. A London Magistrate, he established a small publicly financed
special river or marine police.
A. Patrick Colquhoun
B. Sir Robert Peel
C. Kohn Howard
D. Henry Fielding
15. In England, the first river or marine police was established in
what year?
A. 1798
B. 1898
C. 1698
D. 1598
16. Among his major contributions are the following: a. the hiring
of accountants and lawyers as FBI special agents b. Introduction
of the FBI uniform crime reporting c. Development of the National
crime info. center and d. Development of the FBI most wanted
criminal
A. August Volmer
B. John Edgar Hoover
C. Robert Peels
D. Henry Fielding
17. Procedures intended to be used in all situations of all kinds
shall be outlined as a guide to officers and members in the field.
A. Field Procedure
B. Headquarters Procedure
C. Special Operating Procedure
D. None of the Above
18. Included in these procedures are the duties of the dispatcher,
jailer, matron, and other personnel concerned which may be reflected
in the duty manual.
A. Field Procedure
B. Headquarters Procedure
C. Special Operating procedure
D. None of the Above

19. Plans relating to patrol distribution, crime investigation,

traffic operation and vice control.
A. Operational Plan
B. Administrative Plan
C. Strategic Plan
D. Tactical Plan
20. The Board of Examiners for Criminology was created in what year/
A. July 1, 1972
B. June 1, 1972
C. July 1, 1974
D. June 1, 1974

Answer:
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. B
10 A
11. B
12. A
13. D
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. A

Comparative Police System Review Questions 1

1. Interpol as an organization became known as such in

A. 1936
B. 1946
C. 1956
D. 1966
2. The Organization known simply as Interpol is the
A. International Police Association
B. Association of Chief of Police
C. International Criminal Police Organization
D. None of the Above
3. The Present Interpol was officially created as the International
Criminal Police Commission in what year?
A. 1913
B. 1923
C. 1933
D. 1943
4. It is the worlds largest international police organization, with
190 member countries.
A. International Police Organization
B. Aseanapol
C. Interpol
D. Borderpol
5. It is the Interpol's supreme governing body. It meets annually to
take all important decisions related to policy, resources, working
methods, finances, activities and programmes.
A. General Assembly
B. Executive Committee
C. General Secretariat
D. National Central Bureaus

6. Elected by the General Assembly, It is headed by the President of

the Interpol. It provides guidance and direction to the Organization
and oversees the implementation of decisions made at the annual
General Assembly.
A. General Assembly
B. Executive Committee
C. General Secretariat
D. National Central Bureaus
7. It is considered the lifeblood of INTERPOL because it contributes
to the criminal databases and cooperating together on cross-border
investigations, operations and arrests.
A. General Assembly
B. Executive Committee
C. General Secretariat
D. National Central Bureaus
8. Interpol has how many member countries?
A. 180
B. 185
C. 190
D. 195
9. Cambodia National Police was established in what year?
A. 1945
B. 1946
C. 1947
D. 1948
10. The Permanent seat of the Aseanapol secretariat is in what place?
A. Manila
B. Kuala Lumpur
C. Hanoi
D. Jakarta

Answer:
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

B
D
C
A
B

Comparative Police System Review Questions 2

1. The First Aseanapol meeting of Chief of Police was held in

A. Manila
B. Kuala Lumpur
C. Hanoi
D. Jakarta
2. The first formal meeting of the Chiefs of ASEAN Police was held on
A. 1981
B. 1982
C. 1983
D. 1984
3. One of the following is not an original member of Aseanapol.
A. Malaysia
B. Singapore
C. Thailand
D. Cambodia
4. Aseanapol has how many member countries?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
5. The Royal Brunei Police joined Aseanapol in what year?
A. 1983
B. 1984

C. 1985
D. 1986
6. The Republic of Vietnam National Police joined Aseanapol in what year?
A. 1996
B. 1997
C. 1998
D. 1999
7. The Laos General Department of Police joined Aseanapol in what year?
A. 1996
B. 1997
C. 1998
D. 1999
8. The Myanmar Police Force joined Aseanapol in what year?
A. 1996
B. 1997
C. 1998
D. 1999
9. The Cambodia National Police joined Aseanapol in what year?
A. 1998
B. 1999
C. 2000
D. 2001
10. The Executive Director of Aseanapol has a tenure of how many years?
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 4 years

Answer:
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C

8. C
9. C
10. B

Juvenile Delinquency Definition Of Terms

4 Major Theories That Explain Existence Of Delinquency
Demonological/Pre-Classical Possessed by spirits before.
Classical
Positivist
Gotical
Abandoned Child Is one who has no proper parental care or guardianship or whose parents or
guardians have deserted him for a period of at least 6 continuous months.
Age Of Enlightenment 18th century.
Borstals Youth Custody Centers and detention center.
Cesare Lombroso Father of Criminology.
Common Detected Young Persons Crime
Shoplifting
Crimes Of Violence
Crime Rate Population X 100%
-------------Crime Volume
Critical Theory explains that delinquency is the by product of social arrangement.
Defendant Child Is one who is without a parent, guardian or other custodian or one whose parents,
guardian or other custodian for good cause desires to be relieved of his care and custody.
Delinquency Acts against norms, mores of society.
Deviancy Is a stage of human existence where one has ceased to believe in love whereby the child
ends up bitter, empty, lonely, resentful and in most cases emotionally infantile.
Edwin Schur Radical Non Intervention if a child commits an offense, he should be left alone.
Emancipation Liberty from parental authority.
Emotionally Disturbed Children Are those who although not afflicted with insanity or mental defect are
unable to maintain normal social relations with others and the community in general due to emotional
problems and complexes.
Epideology Transmission.
Etiology Delinquency
Family Home Constituted jointly by the husband and the wife or by unmarried head of a family, is the
dwelling house where they and their family reside and the land on which it is situated.

Hedonism Pleasure, highest goal of man's life.

Hedonistic Calculus Process of weighing pleasure and pain.
Idea Of Determination Any act committed awaits an explanation to the natural world.
Jeremy Bentham Introduced punishment of imprisonment.
JJS Juvenile Justice System
Juvenile person/Minors/Youth whose mental and emotional faculty has not been fully developed.
Juvenile Delinquent Person commits any act of delinquency.
Juvenile Diversion Offender is removed from JJS and diverted to other government programs.
Labelling Theory Internationalist Perspective any youth who commits a crime should be left alone
Social Perspective
Neglected Child is one whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately attended.
Neo-Classical Theory Modified the classical theory, excepted the child and lunatics from punishment.
Parental Authority/Partia Potestos Rights and obligations which parents have in relation to the persons
and property of their children until their emancipation and even after this under certain circumstances.
PD 603 Child and Youth Welfare Code Approval Dec.10,1974
Effectivity June 10,1975
Police Prime mover of JJS
- Backbone of CJS
Poverty Means the condition of that group whose income is low, therefore, the standard of living is not
enough to maintain normal health and efficiency.
Some Causes of Poverty Which Could Be One Of The Causes Of Crime
Physical Environment
Unfavorable Economic Condition
Social Environment
Defects in Government
Defects in Education
Proponent of Classical Theory
Jeremy Bentham
Cesare Beccaria
Proponents Of Positivist/Italian Theory
Cesare Lombroso
Enrico ferri
Rafael Garofalo
RA 6809 18 years old - age of majority.

RA 8669 Law which created the family court.

Truancy Frequent Absences
Types Of Delinquents
Occasional Delinquent
The Gang Delinquent
Mal Adjusted delinquent
Welfare Model Is the positivistic approach which holds that young offenders should be helped rather
than punished.
William Bonger Social Conflict Theory society is composed of the ruling class and the ruled class.
Young Offenders Fall Into Two Categories
Juveniles
Young Adults at least 17
Youthful Offender below 18 years old.
- Is one who is over 9 years but under 18 years of age at the time of the commission of
the offense.
Zones Of Peace Children trapped in an armed conflict based on RA 7610.
Posted by Mark Leo Paga at 10:31 AM
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criminology board exam reviewer - Drug Education and Vice

Control
RA no. 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
RA no 6425 - Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 - the law that was repelled by RA no. 9165.
Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the planning and
formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.
Duties/Function of the DDB -To develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced
national drug abuse prevention and control strategy.
Composition of the DDB
3 permanent members
2 regular members
12 ex officio members
The 12 ex officio members are the following:
DOJ secretary or his/her representative
DOH secretary or his/her representative
DND secretary or his/her representative
DOF secretary or his/her representative
DOLE secretary or his/her representative
DILG secretary or his/her representative
DSWD secretary or his/her representative
DFA secretary or his/her representative

DECS secretary or his/her representative

CHED chairman or his/her representative
National Youth Commission chairman or his/her representative
PDEA director general
The DDB is under the office of the President.
The Department Secretary's representative shall in no case be lower than Under Secretary.
The Two Regular Members of the DDB are:
The President of The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)
The Chairman or President of a non-governmental organization involved in dangerous drug campaign to
be appointed by the President of the Philippines.
Permanent Consultants of the DDB
Director of the NBI
Chief of the PNP
PDEA - implementing arm of the DDB.
Qualification of the 3 Permanent members of the DDB
- at least 7 years training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following fields:
law,medicine,criminology,psychology or social work.They are appointed by the President.
The President shall designate a Chairman of the DDB from among the 3 permanent members who shall
serve for 6 years.
The Chairman of the DDB shall have a rank of Under Secretary.
Term of office of the permanent members of the DDB - 6 years and until their successors shall have been
duly appointed and qualified.
The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of undersecretary.
The PDEA Director General shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines.
Duties/Functions of PDEA Director General
1. Responsible for the general administration and
management of the agency.
2. Perform other duties that may be assigned to
him/her by the President.
The PDEA Director General and the 2 Deputy Director General must possess adequate knowledge,
training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following field: law enforcement,
law, medicine, criminology, psychology and social work.
There are 2 PDEA Deputy Director General
1. One for Administration
2. One for Operation
They shall have a rank of Assistant Secretary and both are appointed by the President of the Philippines
upon recommendation of the board.
Mandatory Services of the PDEA
1. Intelligence and Investigation
2. International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs
3. Preventive Education and Community Involvement
4. Plans and Operation
5. Compliance, Legal and Prosecution
6. Administrative and Human Resource
7. Financial Management
8. Logistic Management
9. Internal Affairs
PDEA shall establish regional offices.
PDEA Academy - Shall be established either in Baguio City or Tagaytay City and in such other places as

may be necessary.
PDEA Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent with the rank of Director. He shall be appointed by
the PDEA Director General.
3 Pronged Approached in the Solution of Drug Problems
1. Law enforcement activities
2. Preventive Drug Education and Information
program in school and in communities.
3. Treatment and Rehabilitation programs for drug
dependent.
Classification of Drugs according to effect
Depressant - "downers" - a drug reducing functional or nervous activity. Lower the level of arousal when
taken.
Stimulants - "Uppers" - increase mental and/or physical function. A substance that raises the levels of
physiological or nervous activity in the body.
Hallucinogens - "psychedelics" - a drug that causes hallucinations. Psychoactive drugs that cause
subjective change in perception,thought,emotion and consciousness.
Classification of Drugs according to Pharmacology
Depressants
Narcotics
Tranquilizers
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Solvents/Inhalants
Classifications of Drugs according to Legal Categories
Prohibited Drugs
Regulated Drugs
Volatile substances
Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking
Laos
Thailand
Burma
The Golden Crescent
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Iran
India
Classification of Drug user/Abuser
Situational user - those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to perform an
important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
Spree user - school age user who take drugs for "kicks", adventure, daring experience or a means of fun.
Hardcore addicts - those whose activities revolves almost entirely around drug use and securing supplies.
They show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
Hippies - Those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.
Commonly abused drugs:
Sedatives - are depressant drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as barbiturates, tranquilizers
and alcohol.
Stimulants - are drugs which increase alertness and activity such as amphetamine, cocaine and caffeine.
Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - drugs which affect sensation,thinking,self awareness and emotion.

Narcotics - drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. This includes opium and its derivatives like
morphine,codeineand heroin.
Solvents - volatile substances which are found to be the most commonly abused.
Primary causes of drug addiction:
Pride - excessive feeling of self worth or self esteem or sense of self importance.
Anger - against, himself,family,friends and society in general.
Lust - burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
Gluttony - "food trip" in the lingo of junkies.
Greed - wealth,fame,recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in their work of art such as
musician,actors and athletes who indulge in rug abuse.
Envy - to get attention from someone as sign of protest.
Laziness - "i cant syndrome" incapacity to achieve is a breeding ground of drug abuse and boredom
coupled with poor self image.
Warning Signs of Commonly Abused Drugs
1. Marijuana
glassy red eye
loud talking
inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness
loss of interest, motivation
weight gain or loss
2. Depressant
contracted pupils
drunk-like
difficulty concentrating
clumsiness
poor judgement
3. Stimulants - ex. cocaine, amphetamines
dilated pupils
hyperactivity
euphoria
irritability
anxiety
excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping
may go long period of time without eating or sleeping
weight loss
dry mouth and nose
4. Inhalants - ex. glues, aerosols, vapors
watery eyes
impaired vision, memory and thought
secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth
head aches and nausea
appearance of intoxication
drowsiness
poor muscle control
changes in appetite
anxiety
irritability
lots of cans,aerosols in the trash
5 . Hallucinogens - ex. LSD, PCP
dilated pupils
bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia, aggression, hallucination
mood swings
detachment from people

absorption with self or other objects

slurred speech
confusion
6. Heroin
contracted pupils
no response of pupils to light
needle marks
sleeping at unusual time
sweating
vomiting
coughing, shiffling
twitching
loss of appetite
7. Alcohol
clumsiness
difficulty walking
slurred speech
sleepiness
poor judgement
dilated pupils
possession of false ID cards
8. Tobacco/Nicotine
smell of tobacco
stained fingers or teeth
Analgesic - any drugs such as salicylates, morphine or opiates used primarily for the relief of pain.

Criminal Jurisprudence Reviewer 1

1. The SC ruled the illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state
criminal prosecutions in the famous case of
A. Miranda vs Arizona
B. Otit vs Jeff
C. Mapp vs Ohio
D. Milkey vs Wett
2. It is defined as a remedy or process by which a child born out of
lawful wedlock and are therefore considered illegitimate are by
fiction of law considered by subsequent valid marriage of the
parents.
A. Adoption
B. Legitimation
C. Foster parenting
D. Naturalization
3. What is the Latin term for criminal intent?
A. Mens Rea
B. Magna Culpa
C. Inflagrante Delicto
D. Mala Vise
4. What should be conducted in order to determine whether a case
falls under the jurisdiction of the regional Trial Court?
A. Inquest proceeding
B. Preliminary conference
C. Preliminary investigation
D. Search and Seizure
5. For offense falling under the jurisdiction of Municipal Trial Courts
and Municipal Circuit trial courts, prosecution is instituted
A. By filling a compliant with the Regional Trial Court
B. By filing a complaint directly with the court
C. By filling a complaint with the chief of Police in the
municipality
D. By filling a complaint with the fiscal for preliminary
investigation
6. Intervention of the offended party in the criminal action is not
allowed in the following instances EXCEPT:
A. when he has not waived the civil action
B. when he has file the civil action ahead of the criminal
C. when he has expressly reserved the right to institute
the civil action separately
D. when he has waived the civil action
7. The place of trial for a criminal action is cited
A. territory
B. action
C. jurisdiction
D. venue
8. The primary purpose of bail is

A. to protect the accused rights

B. to keep the accused in jail until trial
C. to punish the accused for the crime
D. to release the accused
9. The authority of the court to take cognizance of a case in the
first instance is known as:
A. original jurisdiction
B. appellate jurisdiction
C. general jurisdiction
D. delegated jurisdiction
10. "A" stabbed "B". "A" brought "B" to a hospital for medical
treatment.Had it not been the timely medical attendance. "B"
would have died.This is a case of
A. a physical injury
B. an attempted felony
C. a consummated felony
D. a frustrated felony
11. A person undergoing criminal investigation enjoys his three
constitutional rights such as
A. the right to oppose whatever the accusation on him
B. the right to plea guilty and not guilty
C. the right to oppose whatever accusation or him based on his
constitutional right
D. the right to remain silent, the right to counsel, the right to be
informed of the nature of the accusation
12. Evidence is admissible when it is relevant to the issue and is
not excluded by the rules on
A. Real evidence
B. Secondary evidence
C. Admissibility of evidence
D. Relevancy of evidence
13. What is the sworn written statement charging a person with an
offense, subscribed by the offended party, any peace officer or
other employee of the government or government institution in
change of the enforcement or execution of the law violated?
A. Deposition
B. Complaint
C. Police blotter
D. Information
14. Trial is allowed only after arraignment and the accused may waive
his right to appear at the trial except when his presence is
required for purposes of identification. This is the principle of trial
in __.
A. Substitution
B. Absentia
C. Re-assignment
D. Ordeal
15. A public officer or employee when NOT being authorized by
judicial order, shall enter a dwelling against the will of the owner

thereof is committing:
A. Legal entry
B. Violation of domicile
C. Illegal entry
D. Abatement
16. Intoxication when considered under the law is considered
A. Alternative Circumstance
B. Maladaptive Behavior
C. Delinquent act
D. Anti social Behavior
17. The adjudication by the court that the defendant is guilty or is
not guilty of the offense charged and the imposition of the
penalty provided by law on the defendant who pleads or is found
guilty thereof
A. judgment
B. false informant
C. information
D. admission
18. Is that which is not excluded by the law as tending to prove
a fact in issue
A. material evidence
B. relevant evidence
C. direct evidence
D. competent evidence
19. Any private person who shall enter the dwelling of another
against the will of the latter
A. none of these
B. trespassing to dwelling
C. light threats
D. usurpation
20. Are those acts and omissions committed not only by means of
deceit, but also by means of fault and are punishable by law.
A. Justifying circumstances
B. Felonies
C. Exempting circumstances
D. Attempted felony
21. Is committed whenever the offender commences the commission
of a crime directly by overt acts but does not perform all the acts
of execution which should produce the felony as a consequence
by reason of some cause or accident other than his own
spontaneous desistance.
A. Frustrated felony
B. Attempted felony
C. Consummated felony
D. Felony
22. Are those crimes committed against individuals, particularly
against their chastity, but which do not produce danger or
prejudice common to other members of society.
A. Private crimes

B. Public crimes
C. Felony
D. Infractions
23. Are those crimes committed against the society which produce
direct damage or prejudice common to all its members.
A. Private crimes
B. Public crimes
C. Felony
D. Infractions
24. One of the characteristics of criminal law, where penal laws do
not have retroactive effect, except in cases where they favor the
accused charged with felony and who are not habitual criminals.
A. Retrospective
B. General
C. Territorial
D. All of the foregoing
25. A theory underlying the system of our criminal law, of which
Rafael Garafalo and Enrico Ferri, including Dr. Cesare Lombroso,
were the greatest exponents, that crime is considered as
essentially asocial and natural phenomenon.
A. Juristic or classical theory
B. Positivist or realistic theory
C. Punitive theory
D. Non- punitive theory
26. It is the Latin term referring to "caught in the act" of performing a
crime.
A. Nullum Crimen
B. Dura lex sed lex
C. Ignorancia lex excusat
D. none of these
27. Any act committed or omitted in violation of a public law
forbidding or commanding it.
A. legal act
B. Crime
C. Poena
D. Punishment
28. A rule of conduct, just, obligatory, enacted by legitimate
authority for the common observance and benefit.
A. Regulation
B. City Ordinance
C. Law
D. Lawful Act
29. The Latin term POENA means:
A. Penalty
B. Pain
C. Punishment
D. Police

Answers: Criminal Jurisprudence

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

C
B
A
C
B
B
D
D
A
D
D
D
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
D
B
C
B

Juvenile Delinquency Definition of Terms

1. Adjudicated delinquent: A youth who has been found by a judge

in juvenile court to have committed a violation of the criminal law,
that is, a delinquent act.The judge can formally adjudicate the
youth as an initial step before imposing a disposition
(a sentence or punishment), or the judge can decide not to
adjudicate the youth and instead impose conditions that, if met,
will result in dismissal of the charges.
2. Adjudicatory hearing: The fact finding (trial) phase of a juvenile
case in which a judge receives and weighs evidence before
deciding whether a delinquency or status offense has been
proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
3. Aggravating factors: Factors to be considered that may increase
the seriousness of the offense, such as prior offenses, weapon
use, heinous nature of crime, and threats to victims or witnesses.
4. Arrest: A law enforcement officer charges an offender with a
criminal act or violation of law and takes the offender into
custody based on probable cause.
5. Conflict resolution: Use of communication skills and creative
thinking to develop voluntary solutions that are acceptable to
disputants.
6. Continuum of care: A broad array of juvenile justice programs
and services ranging from prevention programs for young
children and youth at risk of delinquency to intervention programs
serving high-risk youth in secure residential settings.
7. Curfew: A local ordinance that requires, under specific conditions
and exceptions, a specific group of persons (usually juveniles
under a certain age) to refrain from unsupervised activities after a
designated hour within the confines of a selected area, city,
or county.
8. Custody; Taken into custody: Being in the care of a criminal or
juvenile justice agency or official or being taken into custody by
a law enforcement officer pursuant to the laws of arrest if the
juvenile were an adult and the offense is criminal in nature.
9. Delinquency prevention programs: Programs and services
designed to keep at-risk youth from entering the juvenile justice

system.
10. Delinquent act: Any act committed by a youth that would be a
criminal violation if committed by an adult.
11. Delinquent juvenile: A youth who has been found responsible for
having committed a delinquent act--the equivalent of being
found guilty of a criminal offense.
12. Detention: In custody (secure, non-secure, or home
confinement) while awaiting an adjudication hearing, disposition,
or commitment placement.
13. Detention hearing: A judicial hearing generally required to be
held within 72 hours of a youth being taken into custody, at
which point the court determines whether (1) there is probable
cause to believe that the youth has committed a delinquent act
or a court order exists that requires the continued detention of
the youth, and (2) continued detention is required pending an
adjudicatory hearing.
14. Disposition hearing: The hearing in a juvenile case (like a
sentencing hearing in criminal court) at which the court receives
a predisposition report containing information and
recommendations to help determine the appropriate sanction.
These sanctions can include probation, commitment to the
custody of the state's department of juvenile justice, or
community-based sanctions.
15. Diversion: A process by which a youth is channeled from the
juvenile justice system. Examples are Informal Adjustment,
Truancy Court, etc.
16. Intake: The process used for every youth referred to juvenile
court. Intake involves screening each youth to determine the
appropriateness for release or referral to a diversionary program
or agency for nonofficial or nonjudicial handling. This screening
also identifies the presence of medical, psychiatric,
psychological, substance abuse, and educational problems or
other conditions that may have caused the youth to come to
the attention of law enforcement or intake. Intake includes initial
screening of a status offender to determine the recommended
action to be taken in the best interests of the youth, the family,
and the community.
17. Juvenile delinquency program: Any program or activity related

to juvenile delinquency prevention, control, diversion,

intervention,treatment, rehabilitation, planning, education,
training, and research.
18. Mediation: A process by which a neutral third person, or
mediator, encourages and facilitates the resolution of a dispute
between two or more parties. It is an informal process designed
to help the disputants reach a mutually acceptable and voluntary
agreement. Decision making authority rests with the parties.
The role of the mediator includes, but is not limited to, helping
the parties identify issues, fostering joint problem solving, and
exploring settlement alternatives.
19. Mentoring: Generally involves providing support and guidance to
and spending time on a regular basis with a youth. Mentoring
activities can include participating in sports, playing games,
shopping, taking hikes, helping with homework, and
doing chores.
20. Protective factors: Factors that help to reduce the impact of
risk factors in a young person's life.
21. Risk factors: Certain problem behaviors present risk factors in
a young person's life that may contribute to later delinquency.
A few examples include the availability of drugs and firearms in
the community, family conflict, and friends who engage in
problem behaviors.
22. Status offenses: Non-criminal offenses only applicable to
children--for example, being truant, running away from home,
possessing alcohol or cigarettes, or violating curfew.
23. Truant: A young person who is absent from school without
permission or authorization.
24. Victimization: The result of a planned or accidental act that
causes physical or psychological harm.
25. Violent crime: Crimes of violence include rape, robbery,
assault, or murder.

Lucky are those who do not believe on LUCK