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mng, tr, m v gi
5.1. Gii thiu chung
Cc quy nh chung v thit k mng cho m tr cu ca AASHTO
c nhiu im gn tng t vi quy trnh hin hnh Vit nam, nhng cng
quy nh c th th c nhiu im khc bit. Ti liu AASHTO cp
n cc loi mng nng, mng cc ng v mng cc khoan.
Mt s im quy nh chung cn ch l :
- Chn loi mng phi cn c v nh gi ln v phng ca ti
trng, chiu su tng t chu lc ph hp, du hiu v l lt trong qu
kh, kh nng hang cast xut hin bn di, kh nng xi mn, trng n,
kh nng thi cng d dng v gim chi ph xy dng.
- Kh nng chu ti ca mng phi thch hp vi yu cu. ln
cho php v n nh chung cho php phi c ly c xt n c
im ca cc mi dc tip gip vi mng. Mc bin dng kt cu cho
php c khng ch tu theo kiu loi v chiu di nhp ca kt cu bn
trn.
- Phi xt k cc iu kin a cht v mi trng c nh hng n
mng. Xem bng 4.2.3A Quy trnh AASHTO v danh mc cc nghin cu
c bit.
5.2. Kho st a k thut
Ngi thit k ra cc yu cu v thm d kho st v th nghim
a k thut tu theo ni dung n v sao cho ph hp iu kin a
cht cng trnh.
Tuy nhin vn phi tun theo cc yu cu ti thiu v nhng vn
cn kho st sau y :
1) Cc tng lp ( su, chiu dy, s bin i, nhn dng t,
phn loi, cng ct, tnh nn ln.
cng, kh nng thm nc, kh nng dn n hoc st n ...
2) Cc tng (chiu su , nhn dng v phn loi, cht lng nh
tnh trng bn chc, cng, th nt, sc chng phong ha, chng ho
tan, kh nng trng n.)
3) Cao mc nc ngm
4) Cao mt t
5) Cc vn cn xem xt c bit
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qall = -------FS
Trong qult l kh nng chu lc nn cc hn
FS l h s an ton (ti thiu c gi tr bng3)
+ i vi cc b mng lin tc (chiu di mng ln hn 5 ln chiu
rng mng) kh nng chu lc nn cc hn xc nh bng biu thc (4.4.71-1)
qult = C Nc + 0.5 .B.N + q.Nq
Trong :
C : Lc dnh kt ca t (Ksf)
q : Ap lc gia ti trc hu hiu ti y mng
: Tng trng lng n v ca t hoc (Kcf)
: B rng ca mng (ft)
Nc, N , Nq : Cc h s kh nng chu lc nn da trn gi tr lc
ni ma st ca
t mng (tra bng 4.4.7.1A Quy trnh AASHTO)
+ Khi xt n nh hng ca hnh dng mng, dc mt t,
nghing ca mng v ti trng nghing ngi ta a vo cc h s
nghing mt y bc, b , bq, h s hnh dng mng s c , s , sq v cc h s
nghing ca ti trng ic,i ,iq
qult = C.Nc sc bc ic + 0,5 .N .s b i + qNq.sq.iq
(4.4.7.1.1-1)
Cc h s k trn c hng dn xc nh c th.
* ln:
Tng ln St c xc nh bng biu thc:
St = Se + Sc + S s
Trong :
Se - ln n hi c xc nh bng cch dng tnh ti trong
thn h s, cng vi thnh phn ca h ti v lc xung kch khng nhn
h s c gi nh truyn ti cao y mng.
Sc; Ss+ - ln c kt v ln th cp xc nh bng cch
ch s dng ton b tnh ti khng nhn h s.
* Thit k kt cu:
Mng phi c xem xt chui tc ng ca cc lc hng xung di do
cc ti trng cng tc dng ln nhau c chng li bi p lc hng ln trn do
cc vt liu nn tc ng v p lc ny c phn phi trn din tch ca
mng tu theo lch tm ca hp lc cc lc hng xung di. Khi di
mng dng cc cc, phn lc hng ln trn ca nn mng phi c xem
nh l mt lot cc ti trng tp trung t ti cc tim cc, mi cc c gi
nh l chu mt phn ca tng ti trng mng.
Khi mt mng n c mt ct, tr hoc trng mng
phi gi nh lm vic nh mt dm hng. Khi mng nhiu hn mt
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- T hp cc ma st v cc chng
- Cc xin
5.3.2.1.3.Tnh ton thit k cc:
a/ Chn cc c tnh ca t, :
Cc c tnh ca t, cn phi xc nh bit cc c trng
v cng v tnh nn ln ca t nn trong thit k cc ng. Xem
iu 4.3 v cc hng dn i vi vic kho st, thm d di mt t c
c cc c tnh ca t v .
b/ Chn kh nng chi ti thit k ca cc:
Kh nng chi ti thit k ca cc l ti trng ti a m cc phi
chu vi chuyn v chp nhn c. Khi xc nh kh nng chi ti thit k
ca cc vn phi xt:
+ Kh nng chi ti cc hn ca t.
+ Kh nng chi ti kt cu ca tit din cc.
Kh nng chi ti , dc trc thit k cho php Qall c xc nh nh sau:
Qall
Qall= -------FS
Trong :
Qall = Qs + QT - Kh nng cc hn ca cc (K)
Qs - Lc khng cc hn thm cc (K)
QT - lc khng cc hn mi cc (K)
FS - H s an ton (khng th nguyn) xem mc 4.5.6.2 Quy
trnh AASHTO.
Trong mc ny c gii thiu cc yu t nh hng n kh nng chi
ti dc trc, kh nng chi ti trong dc trc trong t dnh, t khng
dnh v trn .
c/ ln:
Phi c tnh ln ca cc cc v nhm cc chi ti trng dc trc vi
cc ti trng cho php. C th s dng cc phn tch n hi, cc k thut
truyn ti trng v hoc phn t hu hn (v d Vesie, 1977 hoc Poulos
v Davis , 1980). ln ca cc hoc nhm cc khng c vt qu cc gii
hn chuyn v cho php ca kt cu.
d/ Cc vn khc:
Xem cc hng mc di y:
- Ti trng cc trong nhm
Mc 4.5.6.4 Quy trnh AASHTO
- Ti trng bn truyn vo cc trong mc 4.5.6.5 Quy trnh AASHTO
- Ti trng nng tc dng ln cc (nhm cc) mc 4.5.6.6 Quy trnh
AASHTO
- Chuyn v thng ng ca t mc 4.5.6.7 Quy trnh AASHTO
- Thit k ng/ng t mc 4.5.6.8 Quy trnh AASHTO
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5.4.2. Bo v tr
Ni no c kh nng xy ra va chm vi xe c hoc thuyn b phi
phn tch tho ng ri ro xc nh mc chng xung kch cn
thit v/hoc h thng bo v thch hp nh lm tng chng va, thit k
mi chng va bo v mt tr, chng xi.
5.4.3. Tr ng (iu 7.4 Quy trnh AASHTO)
5.4.3.1. Vt liu :
Cc tr ng tit din li rng c th bng thp, b tng ct thp hoc
b tng ng sut trc, c tit din ngang chu cc lc v m men
tc ng ln cc cu kin.
5.4.3.2. Hnh dng :
Hnh dng c th nh m t trong iu 7.3.1Quy trnh AASHTO v
v chng c nhc im i vi cc ti trng bn, cc tr ny phi c b dy
vch chu c cc lc v m men i vi mi iu kin chu ti.
Cc hnh dng lng tr c th c sn tng on hoc lm ng sut trc
khi xy lp.
5.5. M (iu 7.5 Quy trnh AASHTO)
5.5.1. Cc loi m
5.5.1.1. M vi :
Cc m vi nm ti hoc gn nh nn ng p vo cu, vi mt
chiu cao tng lng thch nghi vi chiu cao kt cu v cc gi cu
t trn b k gi.
5.5.1.2. M vi mt phn :
Cc m su mt phn nm khong na chiu cao mi dc pha tr c
ca nn ng p vo cu. Tng lng v cc tng cnh cao hn c th gi
vt liu p hoc mi dc nn ng p c th tip tc sau tng lng.
Trong trng hp sau, phi thit k mt tm bn kt cu hoc mt nhp
u cu vt qua khong khng trn mi dc p v phi b tr cc tng che che kn khu vc h. Phi b tr li vo kim tra cho tnh
hung ny.
5.5.1.3. M cao :
Cc m cao nm khong khng trc ca nn ng p vo cu,
hn ch khong trng di kt cu.
5.5.1.4. M lin :
Cc m lin c lin kt cng vi kt cu bn trn v c trn mt
mng m rng hoc mng su c th cho php chuyn ng nm ngang
cn thit.
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70
200 - 300 MPa
Khi thit k gi phi dng m uyn chng ct 73F
- Nu vt liu c ch r bng m uyn chng ct ca n, gi tr
ny phi dng trong thit k v cc tnh cht khc nh vng t bin 25
nm, vng tc thi c ly t bng 14.3.1Quy trnh AASHTO
- Nu vt liu c quy nh theo cng, m uyn chng ct c
ly theo gi tr trong phm vi ca cng cho trong bng 14.3.1, ly
theo gi tr no an ton nht cho mi b phn thit k. Cc gi tr trung
gian c ly theo ni suy trong mi trng hp.
- Vt liu c m uyn chng ct ln hn 200 psi hoc mt cng
danh nh ln hn 60 khng c s dng cho gi c ct thp.
Trong mi trng hp cng danh nh vt qu 70 hoc m uyn
chng ct vt qu 300 u khng c dng
Khi thit k gi tt c cc a im cn phi c phn loi theo cc
vng nhit A,B,C,D hoc E cn c vo nhit thp nht hoc s ngy
m lin tip ln nht c nhit lun lun thp hn 32F (0C) ly theo
iu kin no khc nghit hn. Khi khng c thng tin chnh xc c th
dng hnh 14.3.1 Quy trnh AASHTO hng dn cho vic la chn vng.
Nhit tng ng A,B,C,D hoc E i vi vng cho.
Bng 14.3.2 Quy trnh AASHTO cho cc vng nhit thp v cc cp
cao su tng ng.
Cc gi phi lm t cao su c cc cp nhit thp nh xc nh trong
iu 18.2 ca phn 2. Cp nh nht ca cao su yu cu cho mi vng nhit
thp c quy nh trong bng 14.3.2 Quy trnh AASHTO. Cc b tr
c bit yu cu trong bng 14.3.2 l t mt c cu trt c hiu qu v
cc thnh phn cu c th chu c cc lc do lc gi pht sinh bng hai ln
lc ct tnh ton hoc cc thnh phn ca cu c th chu c cc lc do
lc gi pht sinh bng bn lu lc ct tnh ton nh xc nh trong iu
14.6 Quy trnh AASHTO
5.6.1.3. Cc phng php thit k gi.
Mc ny gii thiu hai phng php thit k gi
- Phng php A (iu 14.4.1 Quy trnh AASHTO) thit k cc gi c
ct thp, ct li thp hoc khng ct thp.
- Phng php B (iu 14.4.2 Quy trnh AASHTO) thit k tu chn
i vi cc gi c ct tng cng bng thp.
Hai phng php trn u tnh ton
1) ng sut nn < tr s tng ng quy nh ca mi phng php
2) ln do nn < tr s tng ng quy nh ca mi phng php
3) Lc ct : bin dng ct ln nht ca gi phi ly bng bin dng ln
nht c th c ca kt cu tng trn.
Gi phi thit k cho hrr > 2s
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