Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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UCI
Nasser Abbasi
June 18, 2005
Contents
1 Problem 3-1
1.1 part a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Part b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Part c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2
2
2
2 Problem 3-4.
2.1 part c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 part f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
4
5
3 Problem 3-15.
3.1 part a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Part b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Part c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
7
9
9
4 Problem 3-16
4.1 part a . .
4.2 part b . .
4.3 part c . .
4.4 part d . .
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10
10
10
11
12
1
1.1
Problem 3-1
part a
1
X
z="sT
e [kT ] "
sT k
k=0
1.2
Part b
1
X
e [k] z
k=0
Here we assumed that the number sequence e has its rst element at index k = 0. i.e. e (k) = 0
for k < 0
1.3
Part c
For a function e (t) derive a relationship between its starred transform E (s) and its Z transform
E (z) = Z (e [kT ])
E (s) = L (e (t))
Z 1
=
e (t)
0
(t) = e (t)
1
X
(t
kT )
k=0
st
dt
(1)
E (s) =
e (t)
Z
1
X
f (t) (t
e (t)
(t
(t
kT )
(t
kT )
k=0
e (t)
st
st
dt
dt
(2)
k=0
1
X
t0 ) = f (t0 ) , then
st
kT )
skT
dt = e (kT )
1
X
skT
e (kT )
(3)
k=0
1
X
e (kT ) z
k=0
then by comparing (3) and (4) we see that (3) can be be written as
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
Which is the required relation to show.
(4)
Problem 3-4.
2.1
part c
s+2
s(s+1)
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
so need to rst nd the Z transform of e [kT ] , the discrete time representation of the ideal sampled
version of e (t)
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT
s+2
s (s + 1)
(E (s)) = L
1
s+1
1
2
e (t) = L 1
= 2
s s+1
kT
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT = 2
1
X
E (z) = Z (e [kT ]) =
e [kT ] z
=
1
X
2 z
k=0
1
= 2
1 z
ROC is
1
z
< 1 and
1
T
k=0
1
X
kT
1
T
<1
k
k
from tables
u (t)
0
1
X
k=0
k=0
kT
Hence,
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
1
= 2
sT
1
2.2
sT
=2
sT
sT
T +sT
T (1+s)
sT
E (s) = 2
T +sT
sT
T (1+s)
part f
2
s2 +2s+5
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
so need to rst nd the Z transform of e [kT ] , the discrete time representation of the ideal sampled
version of e (t)
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT
(E (s)) = L
s2
2
+ 2s + 5
b2 4ac
2a
= 2 24 4 5 = 1 2j
2j, so now E (s) can be written as
E (s) =
2
r1 ) (s
(s
r2 )
(s
2
r1 ) (s
r2 )
A =
B =
A
(s
r1 )
B
(s
2
(s
r2 )
=
s=r1
2
(s
r1 )
r2 )
=
s=r2
Hence
2
( 1 + 2j ( 1
1
2j))
2
=
2j ( 1 + 2j)
1
2j
1
2j
s+2
=
s (s + 1)
(s
e (t) = L
1
2j
r1 )
(s
1
2j
(s
1
2j
1
2j
r1 )
r2 )
+
1
2j
(s
r2 )
1
2j
r1 t
1
2j
r2 t
1 ( 1 2j)t
u (t)
2j
1 2jt
1
t
t
2jt
u (t) =
sin 2t u (t)
=
2j
2j
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT = kT sin 2kT
k 0
kT
E (z) = Z (e [kT ]) = Z
sin 2kT
k 0
=
( 1+2j)t
From Tables,
Z
kT
sin 2kT
z
z2
T
Tz
sin 2T
cos 2T +
2T
Hence
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
sT
2sT
T sT
T (s 1)
E (s) =
2sT
T (s 1)
sin 2T
cos 2T +
sin 2T
cos 2T +
2T
2T
u (t)
Problem 3-15.
3.1
part a
List all frequencies less than ! = 50 rad/sec that are present in e (t)
sin 4t contains a frequency of 4 rad/sec.
sin 7t contains a frequency of 7 rad/sec.
Hence the answer is f4; 7g rad/sec
To illustrate, this is a small Mathematica script.
3.2
Part b
e (t) is sampled at ! s = 22 rad/sec. List all frequencies present in e (t) less than ! = 50 rad/sec.
The frequency spectrum of the sampled signal will contain frequencies that are centered around
multiples of ! s
Hence the list of generated frequencies are
8
9
4; 7;
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
< ! s 4; ! s + 4; ! s 7; ! s + 7; >
=
2! s 4; 2! s + 4; 2! s 7; 2! s + 7;
>
>
>
3! s 4; 3! s + 4; 3! s 7; 3! s + 7; >
>
>
>
>
:
;
substitute for ! s = 22 we get
8
>
>
<
22
44
>
>
:
4; 7;
4; 22 + 4; 22
4; 44 + 4; 44
8
>
>
<
9
>
>
=
7; 22 + 7;
7; 44 + 7; >
>
;
4; 7;
18; 26; 15; 29;
40; 48; 37; 51;
>
>
:
9
>
>
=
>
>
;
3.3
Part c
The signal e (t) is applied to a ZOH device. List all frequencies present in e (t) less than ! = 50
rad/sec.
Since a ZOH is an LTI device and the input is a set of eigenfunctions, then the output will contain
the same set of input frequencies but possibly scaled and phase shifted. Hence this is the same
answer as part (b) above.
Problem 3-16
4.1
part a
what is the frequency component in the output that has the largest amplitude?
This will be the component with the frequency closest to the DC frequency.
Looking at the sequence of frequencies generated, which are
f7; ! s 7; ! s + 7; 2! s 7; 2! s + 7; 3! s 7; 3! s + 7; g
f7; 4 7; 4 + 7; 8 7; 8 + 7; 12 7; 12 + 7; 16 7; 16 + 7; g
f7; 3; 11; 1; 15; 5; 19; 9; 23; g
sort, and consider only positive frequencies, we obtain
f1; 5; 7; 9; 11; 15;
g rad= sec
Hence the component with the largest amplitude has a frequency of 1 rad/sec
4.2
part b
jE (j!)j
Ts
(1)
(2)
To nd E (j!) ; use the relation that x (t) = A sin (! 0 t + ) has the Fourier transform
E (j!) =
i A
(!
!0)
(! + ! 0 )
7)
(! + 7)]
(3)
10
4
Ts
!
!s
(4)
jH (j!)j = Ts sin c
= 4
4
Ts
!s
!
!s
sin c
sin c
= 11:3137
j 4 [ (!
7)
j=
(5)
; then
^E (j!) =
2
this is because ^E (j!) = ^E (j!) at frequency 1 rad/sec which is smaller than ! s = 4 rad/sec,
so we are inside the rst hub of the sinc function. i.e. sin c !!s > 0 in this case.
Now ^Gh0 (j!) =
page 105 in book).
Hence
!
!s
^Gh0 (j!) =
!
!s
!s
4.3
3
4
part c
sketch the input signal and the component of part(b) vs. time.
11
4.4
part d
Find the ratio of the amplitude in part(b) to that of the frequency component in the output at
! = 7 rad/sec.
!
!s
and
jE (j!)j =
jE (j!)j
Ts
Hence
jH (j!)j = Ts sin c
=
sin c
!
!s
7
4
jE (j!)j
= sin c
Ts
4 = 0:1286
!
!s
jE (j!)j
4 = 1:616
= 7: 001 1
Hence ratio is 11:3137
1:616
This is expected, as at ! = 7 we are in the second hub of the sinc function, which will have much
less amplitude.
12
13
14