DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SEPTEMBER SEMESTER 2015

DEC 210 - MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
ASSIGNMENT NO. 2
NAME
MATRIC NO
SEMESTER
LECTURER
SUBMISSION
DATE

AHMAD FAUZAN BIN KAMARUDIN

151014796
DCE-3
IR CHE MAT BAHRI BIN KASRI
26/1/2016

MARKS

TABLE OF CONTENT

Contents
Question
Introduction
Water supply system and
Distribution
Elevated water tanks in Apartment
Water Supply in 3 - storey

Pages
3
4
5
7
8

shophouses , 2 - storey and single

storey houses
Elevated and Ground Storage
Rubbish Collection and Disposal
System

9
10

Solid Waste Collection

Solid Waste Disposal
References

11
12
13

QUESTION :

You are the project engineer in charge for the construction of a new township comprising
of 30 blocks of 20 - storey apartments, 20 blocks of 2 - storey linked houses and 10
blocks of single - storey terrace houses and 8 blocks of 3 - storey shophouses .
Among the facilities to be provided are the provisions of treated water supply and rubbish
collection and disposal systems to the township . The project site is located on a hilly
terrain.
Discuss the type of water supply system and rubbish collection and disposal system
which you would propose to your Employer, giving all justifications to your proposal.

INTRODUCTION

This assignment of Mechanical & Electrical System subject will elaborate about the
water supply and distribution and rubbish collection and disposal system to a
development at hilly terrain .

Water Supply and Distribution

The supply of water from Public Water Supply pipe will be tapped to suction tank at low
level area. From suction tank, water will be pumped to elevated tank at hilly area.
Distribution of water from elevated water tank to houses and high rise apartment will be
done by free flow gravity method . For apartment higher than elevated water tank, suction
tank and roof top water tank is required at that apartment.

Rubbish Collection and Disposal System

Solid waste which is dumped at the specific site at house , shophouses and apartments
will be collected by garbage trucks . Then, it is disposed at landfills or be incinerated .

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION

Using Elevated Water Tank

The supply of water from Public Water Supply pipe will be tapped to suction tank at low
level area. From suction tank, water will be pumped to elevated tank at hilly area.
Distribution of water from elevated water tank to houses and high rise apartment will be
done by free flow gravity method . For apartment higher than elevated water tank, suction
tank and roof top water tank is required at that apartment.

Treatment Stage
1. Raw water is flowed to treatment tank from sources like lake, a river, a

reservoir, a well field, or, more recently, salt water sources which can be purified
through new techniques in water filtration and reverse osmosis.
2. When the treatment work is done, then it is pumped to balancing reservoir on top of
the hill through suction tank.

Distribution Stage
3. Water from the balancing reservoir are flowed to the break tank before it is channeled
to suction tank .
Consumption Stage
4. Water from suction tank is pumped to the top of the elevated water tank before it is
flowed to consumers with a fixed amount.Water towers are elevated to provide
pressure to the attached water distribution system. For each foot that a water tower is
elevated, the surrounding distribution system will gain an additional 0.43 PSI in water
pressure.
Water towers are helpful for maintaining pressure during peak demand, especially
when the peak demand exceeds the capabilities of the utility's pump stations.

Elevated water tanks in apartments :

Water from the elevated water
tank is flowed by gravity direct
to receiving tank which also has
suction pump. The water is
pumped to the rooftop before it
is distributed to each 20 floor
using pipes. This is required to
maintain water pressure to each
floor from bottom to top.

Water Supply in 3 - storey shophouses , 2 - storey and single storey houses :

Water from elevated water tanks is supply directly to consumers due to high amount of
pressure is given by gravity . This is because elevated can maintain a good amount of
water supply for usage even in high demand situations due to gravity.

Elevated and Ground Storage

Storage within the distribution system is normally provided in one of two ways:
1) Elevated storage
2) Ground-level storage with high service pumping.
It should be recognized that elevated storage provides the best, most reliable, and most
useful form of water storage, particularly for fire suppression requirements
Elevated storage:
Properly sized elevated water tanks provide dedicated fire storage and are used to
maintain constant system pressure. Domestic water supplies are fed regularly to the
system from the top 1 to 15 feet of water in elevated tanks. As the water level in the tank

drops, the tank controls call for additional high-service pumps to start in order to satisfy
the system demand and refill the tanks. The high-service pumps are constant-speed units,
which can be operated at their highest efficiency point virtually all of the time. The
remaining water in the tanks, which is roughly 70 percent to 75 percent capacity,
normally is held in reserve as dedicated fire storage. This reserve will feed the system
automatically as the fire flow demand and the domestic use demand at a specific time
exceed the capacity of the systems high-service pumps.

RUBBISH COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Door to door collection with container and Disposal (Landfill)
Presently, there are three types of waste disposal categories solid waste disposal
and incineration, medical waste incineration and hazardous waste incineration. The
disposal of solid waste is done almost solely through landfill . There are 168 disposal
sites throughout the country, of which only 7 are sanitary landfills . The rest are open
dumps and about 80 % of these dumps have been filled up to the brim and have to be
closed in 2005.

SOLID WASTE COLLECTION

Houses

Wheelie Bins
A Wheelie Bin is
provided at the front
every houses for
disposal of solid
waste before waste is collected by garbage truck. Many waste collectors use wheelie bins
for safe and efficient collection of waste. Wheelie bins are also less likely than refuse
sacks to cause a litter problem as they cannot be torn by animals, vandals or high winds.
You must present your waste in a wheelie bin or it will not be collected. Most waste
collectors operate a system of waste separation. Different types of waste must be put in
colour-coded wheelie bins, such as brown bins for compost, green bins for recycling and
black or grey bins for waste going to landfill.

Apartments
Each floor of the apartment has specific locations which 2 Wheelie Bins are provided at
different location each . Each week, workers will have to clean up the bin and dispose at
the ground of the apartment where Large Disposal Container is located. Then, garbage
truck by waste collectors will collect it every week.

Shophouses
2 Medium-sized
container is provided at
the back ground floor
of the shophouses .
Waste are disposed into the container to be collected by garbage truck every week.

SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL
Solid waste which is
collected by garbage
truck is dispose at certain landfills.

LANDFILLS
Current Landscape
Highly dependent on landfills :
165 operational landfills across Malaysia
catering to 95% of Malaysian waste
Only 8 sanitary landfills operational and 11 more under various stages of implementation
& construction
Many landfills are reaching design capacity; -environmental challenges in closing
landfill and land scarcity in opening new ones
Very limited treatment facilities :
1 REFUSE DERIVED FACILITIY (RDF): WTE PLANT
4 mini incinerator under various stages of implementation on Langkawi, Tioman,
Pangkor, & Cameron Highlands
References
Website :
1.

http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-waste-disposalmethods.php

2.

http://www.codepublishing.com/WA/SedroWoolley/html/SedroWoolley08/SedroWoo
lley0804.html

3.

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-

manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch4~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cntl-ch4.8
4.

http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/local/live/utilities-and-maintenance/refuse

Books :
1.

Case Study on the Management of Waste Materials in Malaysia by Von Lina Lau

2.

Solid Waste Management IN MALAYSIA: THE WAY FORWARD DATONADZRI

BIN YAHAYA, Ph.D Director General National Solid Waste Management
Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government