IT Fundamentals

Hardware- It is the physical components of a computer eg the input devices, output

devices, primary storage (memory) and secondary storage (backing store), Central Processing
Unit etc. Note that input and output devices are collectively known as peripherals.
MOTHERBOARD - It is the backbone of a computer all other parts plug into it.
Output - is the stage where the information obtained by the processing is presented to the
user in a suitable format.
computer system- is one that is able to take a set of inputs, process them, and create a set of
outputs. This is done using a combination of hardware and software.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of a computer it tells the other parts what
to do.
The purpose of an input device is to provide data in a computer system ready for processing.
The purpose of a storage device to store data and software for later use. The storage device
will make some use of physical effect to represent the data.
Software are the sets of instructions/ programs that are loaded into the memory of the
computer in order to perform a task or to control the operation of the computer.
A storage device is hardware that allows data to be saved, long-term, after it has been
inputted into the computer.
The ROM (Random Only Memory) is the permanent memory of a computer
RAM which is short term memory; when the computer loses power the temporary storage
will be lost. In order to prevent data from being lost, it must be saved to a hard disk or
permanent storage area called ROM (Read Only Memory).
Bus or buss is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a
computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components
(wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols.
System Unit basically manages all the other units and devices of the computer system and it
does by transmitting timing and signals to the various devices and units.

Internal bus also known as internal data bus, memory bus, system bus or
Front-Side-Bus, connects all the internal components of a computer, such
as CPU and memory, to the motherboard. Internal data buses are also
referred to as a local bus, because they are intended to connect to local
devices. This bus is typically rather quick and is independent of the rest of
the computer operations.

External bus, or expansion bus, is made up of the electronic pathways that connect the
different external devices, such as printer etc., to the computer.
Bob Bemer Known as the father of ASCII, Bob Bemer helped develop the ASCII character
code set and introduced several new characters including the ESCape character,backslash,
and the curly bracket.

Volatile is a descriptive word for RAM which is short term memory; when the computer
loses power the temporary storage will be lost. In order to prevent data from being lost, it
must be saved to a hard disk or permanent storage area called ROM (Read Only Memory).
Steve Jobs was an American information technology entrepreneur and inventor. He was the
co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority
shareholder of Pixar Animation Studios; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of
directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT Inc.
A microprocessor is a computer processor which incorporates the functions of a computer's
central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated
circuits. The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock driven, register based, programmable
electronic device which accepts digital or binary data as input, processes it according to
instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output.
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American programmer, Internet
entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is the chairman, chief executive officer, and co-founder
of the social networking website Facebook. His net worth is estimated to be US$51.2 billion,
as of June 2016, ranking him as the 6th richest person in the world.
Douglas C. Engelbart For advancing the study of human-computer interaction, for
developing the mouse input device, and for the application of computers to improve
organizational efficiency.
Abacus a manual aid to calculating that consists of beads or disks that can be moved up and
down on a series of sticks or strings within a usually wooden frame.
Computer system It is able to take a set of inputs, process them, and create a set of
outputs. This is done using a combination of hardware and software.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is a type of chip used in primary storage
memory. It is also temporary storage, holding software instructions and short-term working
memory for the processor. RAM can be increased in most computers by using the expandable
memory slots.
The term cracking means trying to get into computer systems in order to steal, corrupt, or
illegitimately view data. The popular press refers to such activities as hacking, but hackers
see themselves as expert, elite programmers and maintain that such illegitimate activity
should be called cracking.
Computer Virus a malware that, when executed, replicates by reproducing itself or infecting
other programs by modifying them. Infecting computer programs can include as well, data
files, or the boot sector of the hard drive.
Hacking gaining of access (wanted or unwanted) to a computer and viewing, copying, or
creating data (leaving a trace) without the intention of destroying data or maliciously
harming the computer.