Nguyen Minh Tuan

V Minh Tun
BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM
LI GII THIU
H thng thng tin a l (GIS) c pht trin trong nhng nm 1960 v pht
trin mnh m cho n nay. GIS c th gip chng ta qun l ti nguyn thin
nhin, qun l th trng, nh gi cc kh nng xy ra ca thin nhin, d bo
bin ng t ai, din bin ti nguyn rng, nhim mi trng. Vi nhng tnh
nng u vit, k thut GIS ngy nay ang c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc
nghin cu v qun l, c bit trong qun l v quy hoch s dng-khai thc cc
ngun ti nguyn mt cch bn vng v hp l.
H thng thng tin a l l mt ngnh a ngh, c s dng rng ri nhiu
c quan, ban ngnh t ra quyt nh ng n trong qun l cng nh s
dng hp l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin.
Hin nay ti cc c quan ban ngnh ti Vit Nam ang tm cch p dng cng
ngh GIS vo trong qun l, s dng ngun ti nguyn hp l. Chnh v iu
nn cng ngh GIS ngy cng c quan tm nhiu hn.
Phn mm MapInfo Professional v Arcview c xem l mt thnh vin nh
trong gia nh GIS, n rt hu ch cho nhng ngi lm vic v GIS trong cc lnh
vc khc nhau c bit l cc ngnh chuyn v qun l ti nguyn thin nhin (t
ai, lm nghip, mi trng,). Trc y ngi ta ch ngh MapInfo l mt phn
mm chuyn v bn m qun i rng phn mm ny cng rt mnh v mt
phn tch d liu trn bn , lm cho nhng ngi lm GIS ngy cng thch th
hn vi phn mm ny.
Nhm gip cho mi ngi c bit l cc bn sinh vin chuyn ngnh GIS,
Qun l t ai, Lm nghip, Mi trng hiu r hn v GIS, chng ti bin
son cun sch ny nhm gip mt phn nh b chng ta cng nhau pht trin
cng ngh GIS. Trong cun sch ny chng ti a ra mt s ng dng dnh
cho cc chuyn ngnh ca khi Nng Lm Ng nhm gip cho cc bn hiu r
hn GIS ng dng nh th no cho cc ngnh ca cc bn.
Trong qu trnh bin son cn nhiu thiu st, mong qu c gi n gp
kin v cho chng ti theo a ch sau
B mn Thng tin a l ng dng
Trng i hc Nng Lm Tp. H Ch Minh
a ch: Kp6, P. Linh Trung, Q. Th c, Tp. HCM
T: (08) 37242521
Website: http://gis.hcmuaf.edu.vn/
vuminhtuanqn@gmail.com
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MC LC
CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG ......................................................................................10
1.1 Gii thiu chung ........................................................................................... 10
1.2 ng dng ca MapInfo trong qun l ti nguyn thin nhin ..................... 11
1.3 Ci t phn mm......................................................................................... 11
1.4 B ci c phn mm ................................................................................... 14
1.5 Ci t chng trnh g du ting Vit trong MapInfo................................ 15
1.6 Cc kiu i tng trong MapInfo............................................................... 16
CHNG II
CC THANH CNG C CHNH ...................................................................17
2.1 Cc Menu chnh ........................................................................................... 17
2.1.1 Menu File............................................................................................... 17
2.1.2 Menu Edit .............................................................................................. 18
2.1.3 Menu Tool ............................................................................................. 18
2.1.4 Menu Object .......................................................................................... 18
2.1.5 Menu Query........................................................................................... 20
2.1.6 Menu Table............................................................................................ 20
2.1.7 Menu Option.......................................................................................... 21
2.1.8 Menu Map.............................................................................................. 22
2.1.9 Menu Window ....................................................................................... 23
2.2 Thanh cng c .............................................................................................. 24
2.2.1 Thanh Main............................................................................................ 24
2.2.2 Thanh Drawing ...................................................................................... 25
2.2.3 Thanh Tools........................................................................................... 26
2.2.4 Thanh trng thi (Status) ....................................................................... 27
CHNG III
LM VIC VI GIAO DIN MAPINFO .......................................................28
3.1 Chy v tt chng trnh .............................................................................. 28
3.1.1 M MapInfo........................................................................................... 28
3.1.2 M bn .............................................................................................. 28
3.1.3 Tt bn .............................................................................................. 30
3.1.4 Lu bn ............................................................................................. 31
3.1.5 Tt chng trnh .................................................................................... 32
3.2 Ci t chung cho MapInfo.......................................................................... 32
3.2.1 Nt lnh System Setting ......................................................................... 33
3.2.2 Nt lnh Map Window........................................................................... 34
3.2.3 Nt lnh Layout Window ....................................................................... 38
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3.2.4 Nt lnh Legend Window ...................................................................... 38

3.2.5 Nt lnh Startup..................................................................................... 39
3.2.6 Nt lnh Address Matching ................................................................... 39
3.2.7 Nt lnh Directories .............................................................................. 40
3.2.8 Nt lnh Output Setting ......................................................................... 40
3.2.9 Nt lnh Printer: Thit lp cho my in, kh giy in ............................. 42
3.2.10 Nt lnh Styles: Chnh li cch hin th i tng trn bn . .......... 43
3.2.11 Nt lnh Web Services......................................................................... 44
3.2.12 Nt lnh Image Processing ................................................................. 44
3.3 Ci t thng s cho ca s kch hot.......................................................... 45
CHNG IV
TO LP D LIU .........................................................................................48
U
4.1 To d liu t cc nh dng khc ............................................................... 48

4.2 To mi d liu ............................................................................................ 48
4.2.1 Nn nh.................................................................................................. 49
4.2.2 S ha bn ........................................................................................ 54
4.3 Chnh sa hnh dng ca i tng.............................................................. 57
4.3.1 Thm Node cho i tng..................................................................... 58
4.3.2 Xa Node ca i tng........................................................................ 59
4.3.3 Lnh AUTOTRACE.............................................................................. 59
4.3.4 Lnh AUTONODE................................................................................ 59
4.4 Chnh sa hin th i tng ........................................................................ 60
4.4.1 i tng dng vng ............................................................................. 60
4.4.2 i tng dng ng........................................................................... 60
4.4.3 i tng dng im ............................................................................. 61
4.4.4 i tng dng ch ............................................................................... 62
4.5 Chnh sa c tnh ca i tng khng gian.............................................. 63
4.5.1 Kiu vng .............................................................................................. 63
4.5.2 Kiu ng ............................................................................................ 63
4.5.3 Kiu im .............................................................................................. 64
4.5.4 Kiu ch................................................................................................. 64
CHNG V
LM VIC VI D LIU KHNG GIAN ....................................................66
5.1 Kt hp cc i tng li vi nhau .............................................................. 66
5.2 Tch cc i tng nhiu phn .................................................................... 67
5.3 To vng m............................................................................................... 68
5.4 To mi i tng t cc i tng khc .................................................... 68
5.5 To dng vng t cc on v ng thng kp kn.................................... 69
5.6 To i tng vng cha im .................................................................... 69
5.7 Ct i tng................................................................................................ 69
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5.8 Ct i tng ti node .................................................................................. 70

5.9 To node cho i tng................................................................................ 70
5.10 Xa mt phn i tng............................................................................. 71
5.11 Kim tra cc vng b chng lp.................................................................. 71
5.12 Xa cc i tng Gap v Overlap ............................................................ 72
5.13 Chnh sa cc i tng khng gian.......................................................... 72
5.14 To i tng song song ............................................................................ 73
5.15 Xoay i tng........................................................................................... 74
5.16 Lm trn i tng..................................................................................... 75
5.17 Chuyn i i tng................................................................................. 75
5.18 Ct nhiu lp .............................................................................................. 75
CHNG VI
LM VIC VI D LIU THUC TNH .....................................................77
6.1 Nhp thuc tnh cho i tng..................................................................... 77
6.2 Cp nht d liu cho bng thuc tnh........................................................... 78
6.3 Cc loi c s d liu ................................................................................... 81
6.3.1 nh dng Microsoft Excel *.xls ........................................................... 81
6.3.2 nh dng Text *.txt .............................................................................. 81
6.3.3 nh dng DataBase File *.dbf.............................................................. 82
6.4 Ni hai bng thuc tnh ................................................................................ 83
6.5 Kt hp cc i tng s dng trng thuc tnh........................................ 83
6.6 To vng m............................................................................................... 85
6.7 To cc vng cha im............................................................................... 85
6.8 Xy dng cu truy vn (Query).................................................................... 86
6.8.1 Truy xut d liu dng n gin............................................................ 86
6.9 Thng k d liu........................................................................................... 89
6.9.1 Thng k i tng theo mt trng thuc tnh ................................... 89
6.9.2 Thng k bng lnh SQL Select ............................................................ 90
6.10 Tm kim d liu thuc tnh....................................................................... 92
6.11 Tm kim cc i tng c chn ........................................................... 93
6.12 To bng bo co (Report) ......................................................................... 93
6.13 Chnh sa bng thuc tnh.......................................................................... 94
6.13.1Chnh sa cu trc ca bng thuc tnh................................................ 94
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Maintanace/ Table Structure, xut hin hp thoi
tng ng nh hp thoi Create table, cho php chnh sa cc trng thuc tnh
ca lp d liu. ................................................................................................... 94
6.13.2 Xa lp d liu .................................................................................... 95
6.13.3 Chnh sa tn lp d liu..................................................................... 95
6.13.4 n gi lp d liu.............................................................................. 95
CHNG VII
TRANG TR BN ......................................................................................96
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7.1 To nhn ....................................................................................................... 96

7.2 Lin kt nng (Hotlink)................................................................................ 98
7.3 Biu din tm, node v hng v ca i tng........................................ 100
7.4 Xy dng bng ch thch ........................................................................... 100
7.4.1 Bng lnh Create Legend .................................................................... 100
7.4.2 Lnh Create Thematic Map ................................................................. 105
CHNG VIII
IN BN .....................................................................................................118
8.1 To khung, li v hng .......................................................................... 118
Cc ng dng Mapbasic cn li thng c s dng ti s trnh by trong
chng sau.................................................................................................... 118
8.1.1 To li................................................................................................ 118
8.1.2 Gn nhn cho li ............................................................................... 119
8.1.3 To hng............................................................................................ 120
8.1.4 To thanh t l ..................................................................................... 121
8.2 To trang in ................................................................................................ 121
8.2.1 Chnh kh giy..................................................................................... 128
8.2.2 Ci t Driver cho my in.................................................................... 128
8.2.3 Chnh t l bn ................................................................................ 129
8.2.4 In bn .............................................................................................. 130
CHNG IX
BIU (CHART) V PHN VNG I TNG .................................132
9.1 Biu Chart ............................................................................................. 132
9.2 Phn vng i tng .................................................................................. 140
CHNG X
PHN M RNG ..........................................................................................143
10.1 Auto Labels .............................................................................................. 143
10.2 Concentric Ring Buffers........................................................................... 143
10.3 Coordinate Extractor ................................................................................ 144
10.4 Create Line by Length.............................................................................. 145
10.5 Degree Converter ..................................................................................... 146
10.6 Distance Calculator .................................................................................. 147
10.7 Labeler...................................................................................................... 148
10.8 Line Snap Tool ......................................................................................... 149
10.9 Name Views: Lu cc nh dng t l phng ca ca s ........................ 149
10.10 Register Vector Utility ........................................................................... 150
10.11 Rotate Labels.......................................................................................... 151
10.12 Rotate Symbols ...................................................................................... 152
10.13 Search and Replace ................................................................................ 153
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10.14 Symbol Maker ........................................................................................ 153

10.15 Universal Translator............................................................................... 153
10.16 Window Manager................................................................................... 154
10.17 Workspace Packerger............................................................................. 155
10.18 WorkSpace Resolver .............................................................................. 156
CHNG XI
H QUY CHIU TRONG MAPINFO ...........................................................157
11.1 Php chiu GAUSS .................................................................................. 157
11.2 Php chiu UTM ...................................................................................... 157
11.3 H ta VN-2000 .................................................................................. 158
11.4 Thng s kiu php chiu......................................................................... 161
11.5 n v trong h quy chiu........................................................................ 163
11.6 Thng s v Ellipsoid trong MapInfo ...................................................... 164
CHNG XII .................................................................................................167
MT S NG DNG....................................................................................167
12.1 nh gi din bin ti nguyn t ai...................................................... 167
12.2 Gii ta n b ......................................................................................... 172
12.3 Lin kt d liu gia my GPS v Mapinfo............................................. 176
PH LC ........................................................................................................181
CHNG I
GII THIU PHN MM ARCVIEW .........................................................200
1.1 Cc thnh phn ca ArcView..................................................................... 200
1.2 Cc i tng a l (Geographic Features)............................................. 201
1.3 Thuc tnh ca i tng (Feature Attribute)............................................ 201
1.4 Cc Theme ca ArcView ............................................................................ 201
1.5 Lm vic vi d liu................................................................................... 202
1.6 Cc lp d liu a l (feature data source) .............................................. 202
1.7 Lp d liu nh (Image Data Source)........................................................ 203
1.8 Cc kiu d liu a l (Feature types) ...................................................... 203
1.8.2 Cc i tng kiu ng (Line Features).......................................... 204
1.8.3 Cc i tng a gic (polygon features)............................................ 204
CHNG II
THANH MENU V THANH CNG C......................................................206
2.1 Thanh Menu ............................................................................................... 206
2.1.1 File ....................................................................................................... 206
2.1.2 Edit....................................................................................................... 207
2.1.3 View..................................................................................................... 208
2.1.4 Theme .................................................................................................. 209
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2.1.5 Graphic ................................................................................................ 210

2.1.6 Window ............................................................................................... 211
2.2 Thanh cng c ............................................................................................ 212
2.3 Giao din chnh ca chng trnh .............................................................. 213
2.3.1 n ca ArcView (Project) .............................................................. 214
2.3.2 Cc loi ti liu ca n.................................................................... 215
CHNG III
TO D LIU TRONG ARCVIEW .............................................................219
3.1 To d liu khng gian............................................................................... 219
3.1.1 To theme dng im .......................................................................... 219
3.1.2 To theme dng ng ........................................................................ 222
3.1.3 To theme dng vng .......................................................................... 227
3.1.4 t mi trng bt dnh (snap) ........................................................... 235
3.2 Hiu chnh i tng.................................................................................. 237
3.2.1 Di chuyn nh bng cng c hiu chnh nh .................................... 238
3.2.2 Thm nh bng cng c hiu chnh nh ........................................... 238
3.2.3 Xa nh bng cng c hiu chnh nh .............................................. 238
3.2.4 Thay i hnh dng ca mt ng..................................................... 238
3.2.5 Thay i on chung ca hai i tng .............................................. 238
3.2.6 Di chuyn node chung ca cc i tng............................................ 239
3.2.7 Thm, xa Node .................................................................................. 239
CHNG IV
LM VIC VI D LIU.............................................................................241
U
4.1 Chnh sa cc i tng khng gian.......................................................... 241

4.1.1 Combine............................................................................................... 241
4.1.2 Union Features..................................................................................... 241
4.1.3 Subtract Features ................................................................................. 241
4.1.4 Intersect Features................................................................................. 242
4.1.5 Hin th d liu ca cu truy vn......................................................... 242
4.2 Tm kim quan h khng gian.................................................................... 243
4.3 To vng m............................................................................................. 247
4.4 Lm vic vi d liu thuc tnh ................................................................. 249
4.4.1 Xem thng tin ca i tng ............................................................... 249
4.4.2 Lm vic vi cu trc bng thuc tnh ................................................ 250
4.4.3 Truy vn d liu .................................................................................. 252
4.4.4 Cp nht d liu t mt bng d liu khc.......................................... 254
4.4.5 Lin kt d liu.................................................................................... 255
CHNG V
TO BN THEO CH .....................................................................257
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5.1 To bn theo ch .............................................................................. 257

5.2 Cc kiu bn ch .............................................................................. 258
5.3 Gn nhn thuc tnh cho i tng ............................................................ 262
5.4 To lin kt................................................................................................. 266
CHNG VI
CHNG XP D LIU GIA CC LP D LIU ...................................268
U
6.1 Cc thao tc x l d liu........................................................................... 268

6.1.1 PHP HP NHT CC I TNG (DISSOLVE) .......................... 269
6.1.2 Ghp hai lp d liu (Merge) .............................................................. 272
6.1.3 Ct lp d liu (Clip)........................................................................... 273
6.1.4 Ct v gi li phn chung (Intersect)................................................... 274
6.1.5 Hp chung hai lp d liu (Union) ..................................................... 275
6.1.6 Lin kt d liu (Join) ......................................................................... 276
CHNG VII
TO TRANG IN.............................................................................................277
7.1 Font ch cho khung d liu........................................................................ 277
7.2 Lm vic vi bn ch thch ........................................................................ 277
7.3 Lm vic vi hng ................................................................................... 283
7.4 Chnh t l bn ...................................................................................... 284
7.5 Lm vic vi thc t l............................................................................. 284
7.6 Thm khung d liu vo ca s Layout..................................................... 285
7.7 To li ...................................................................................................... 287
CHNG VIII
PHN M RNG ..........................................................................................291
8.1 3D Analyst.................................................................................................. 291
8.2 Spatial Analyst ........................................................................................... 294
8.3 CAD Reader ............................................................................................... 299
CHNG IX
BIU V BNG BO CO...................................................................301
9.1 To biu ................................................................................................ 301
9.2 To bng bo co........................................................................................ 306
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PHN I
MAPINFO 9.0
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CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG
1.1 Gii thiu chung

Hin nay phn mm MapInfo c s dng nhiu trong vic s ha v qun l
d liu trong GIS. Phn mm MapInfo l mt cng c kh hu hiu to ra v
qun l mt c s d liu a l va v nh trn my tnh c nhn. S dng cng
c Mapinfo c th xy dng mt HTTL, phc v cho mc ch nghin cu khoa
hc v sn xut ca cc t chc kinh t x hi, ca cc ngnh v a phng.
Ngoi ra Mapinfo l mt phn mm tng i gn nh v d s dng.
MapInfo l mt phn mm HTTL GIS cho gii php my tnh bn. Cc
thng tin trong MapInfo c t chc theo tng bng. C cu t chc thng tin
ca cc i tng a l c t chc ch yu theo cc files sau y:
- TAB: Files m t khun dng Table l files chnh ca MapInfo.
- DAT: Files cha thng tin nguyn thu.
- MAP: Files cha cc thng tin m t cc i tng bn .
- ID: Files cha thng tin lin kt cc i tng vi nhau.
- WOR: Files qun l chung (lu tr tng hp cc Table hoc cc ca s
thng tin khc nhau ca Mapinfo).
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H tr cc thit b: Bn s, my qut nh, chut, cc my v.
Cc chc nng chnh: To vng m, phn tch bn , phn tch mng.
H qun tr c s d liu: Dbase, c s d liu bn trong.

H iu hnh v cu hnh my tnh tng ng
H iu hnh: DOS, WinDow
Tc : Ti thiu P4
Ram: Ti thiu 256MB
Dung lng a: Ti thiu 450MB
Card mn hnh: 2D/3D tc ti thiu 128MB
phn gii mn hnh: Ti thiu 1024x768
1.2 ng dng ca MapInfo trong qun l ti nguyn thin nhin

Hin nay cng ngh GIS pht trin mnh ti cc nc ang pht trin trong
c Vit Nam. Cc s ban ngnh iu ng dng trong qun l nh: giao thng,
ti nguyn thin nhin, qun l t ai, du lch sinh thiTrong lnh vc qun l
ti nguyn thin nhin, GIS pht trin rt mnh nh nh gi thay i s dng t,
ng dng chui Markov Change d bo s thay i s dng t, xy dng bn
du lch sinh thi, quy hoch s dng t, bi thng gii ta n b, nh gi
din bin ti nguyn rng,
1.3 Ci t phn mm
u tin download phn mm MapInfo Professional 9.0 trial cho phin bn
nh gi. Phn mm ny nu khng mua bn quyn chng ta ch c s dng
min ph trong thi gian 30 ngy k t ngy ci t u tin.
a ch download:
www.mapinfo.com
Kch p vo biu tng
, xut hin hp thoi sau
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Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi
nh du chn vo I accept the terms in the license agreement: chp nhn

gii hn s dng ca phn mm. V cun sch ny c vit trn phin bn dng
th nn ch s dng c 30 ngy k t ngy ci t. Tip tc nhn Next, xut
hin hp thoi
- User Name: Tn ngi s dng chng trnh

- Organization: C quan ngi s dng chng trnh. Nhn Next, xut hin
hp thoi
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- Typical Workstation Installtion: Ci t theo mc nh ca nh sn xut.

Thng thng c ci t ton b tt c cc chng trnh ng dng theo phn
mm.
- Custom Workstation Installtion: Ci t mt s chng trnh m ngi s
dng cn thit, cn khng cn c th loi b. Nu chn lnh ny th s xut hin
hp thoi di y sau khi nhn Next.
- This feature will not available: B ty chn ci t ny.

Ch : Chng ta nn la chn kiu ci t Typical Workstation installtion th
th vin chng ta s dng s phong ph v y hn. Trong trng hp ny, ti
chn kiu ci t Typical Workstation installtion.
Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi sau
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Install MapInfo professional 9.0 to: Ch nh th mc cn ci t th vin lm

vic cho chng trnh MapInfo.
Mc nh l C:\Program Files\MapInfo\Professional\. Chng ta c th thay i
ng dn vo th vin khc bng cch nhn vo nt Change.
Tip tc nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi
Nhn vo nt Install tin hnh ci t. Sau khi ci t xong s xut hin hp

thoi sau
Nhn Finish hon tt qu trnh ci t.

1.4 B ci c phn mm
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Vo Start/ Setting/Control Panel, kch chn biu tng Add or Remove

programs
, chn vo phn mm cn b ci t
Kch chn nt Remove b ci t chng trnh MapInfo. Trong qu trnh s

dng, nu l bn dng th th khi chng ta khi ng MapInfo th s xut hin hp
thoi thng bo thi gian gii hn s dng chng trnh trong thi hn l 30 ngy
k t ngy ci t chng trnh.
1.5 Ci t chng trnh g du ting Vit trong MapInfo

Phn mm Vietkey bn full cho php ci t li font ch cho cc nt lnh,
thanh cng c, menu cho tt c cc chng trnh c giao din ting Vit theo b
font TCVN3 (ABC). Ngoi ra phn mm Vietkey cn cho php m ha font ch
theo ng ting Vit khi nhp cc on vn bng di dng font ch TCVN3
(ABC).
ci t, kch p vo file Setup.exe bn trong Folder Disk 1 nm trong b
chng trnh Vietkey, nhn Next hai ln, xut hin hp thoi sau
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nh du chn tt c trong hp thoi Components. Nhn Next tip tc ci

t. Sau khi chy xong chng trnh khi ng li my tnh th mi c hiu lc.
Khi cc phn nhp cc on text trong cc hp thoi t ng nhn ting Vit.
Chng ta nh dng font ch l TCVN3(ABC), nhng phn nhp thng tin thuc
tnh trong nt lnh Info v bng thuc tnh s khng nhn ting Vit.
1.6 Cc kiu i tng trong MapInfo
Cc i tng dng vng
- Polygon: L cc i tng c dng hnh hc bt k.
- Rectangle: i tng dng hnh ch nht.
- Ellipse: L cc i tng dng Elip v hnh trn.
- Rounded Rectanggle: L i tng hnh ch nht vi cc gc c bo trn.
Cc i tng dng ng
- Polyline: L cc ng bt k dng m t cc kiu ng giao thng,
sng sui, dy in.
- Line: L cc ng thng theo mt hng xc nh.
- Arc: L cc cung trn.
im: Dng m t cc i tng nh tr s UBND, cc im khng
ch, cc k hiu th hin cc i tng phi t l nh trng hc, bnh vin,
cu cng,
i tng dng ch (Text): miu t tn hay thuc tnh ca cc
i tng bn .
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CHNG II
CC THANH CNG C CHNH
2.1 Cc Menu chnh
2.1.1 Menu File
- New Table: To mi lp d liu.
- Open: M cc loi d liu to sn.
- Open Web Service: M cc lp d liu qua
mng.
- Open Universal: M cc nh dng khc t cc
phn mm khc. V d: AutoCAD, ArcGIS,
MicroStation, Phn ny ch c php m d liu
khng cho php chnh sa d liu.
- Close Table: Thot cc lp d liu ang hin
hnh.
- Close DBMS Table: Thot cc s liu dng bng
ang hin hnh.
- Close All: Thot tt c cc lp d liu.
- Save Table: Lu li cc lp d liu v ang
c chnh sa.
- Save Copy As: Lu li vi mt tn khc ca lp d liu tng ng. Phn ny
cho php lu li mt lp d liu vi mt h quy chiu khc.
- Save Query: Ch lu cc tp tin bng cc cu lnh truy vn trc .
- Save Workspace: Lu li nhm mc ch qun l v t chc ton b cng
vic ang thc hin, phn ny cho php lu li cc trang in, biu hay cc bn
chuyn .
- Save Window As: Lu li nhng i tng hin din trn ca s thnh tp tin
dng nh.
- Revert Table: Dng phc hi li ban u do chnh sa b sai. Lnh ny
thc hin nhm mc ch khi phc li cho ln lu cui cng.
- Page Setup: Chnh kh giy in.
- Print: In bn .
- Recent Files: Lu li ng dn n th vin nhng file c m trc .
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- Exit: Thot khi chng trnh MapInfo.

2.1.2 Menu Edit
- Undo Move: Quay li lnh va mi thc hin.
- Cut: Ct cc i tng chn.
- Copy: Chp cc i tng chn.
- Paste: Dn cc i tng.
- Clear: Xa cc i tng chn.
- Clear Map Objects Only: Xa cc i tng
chn.
- Reshape: Thay i hnh dng v kch thc ca i tng c chn.
- New Row: Thm mt i tng thuc tnh.
- Get Info: Xem thng tin ca i tng c chn. Xem ta tm, ta cc
nh cha i tng .
2.1.3 Menu Tool
- Crystal Reports: To bng bo co thng
tin ca cc lp d liu.
- Run MapBasic Program: Chy chng
trnh Mapbasic xy dng sn ca phn mm.
y l cc chng trnh nm ngoi giao din
ca MapInfo nn mun chy chng trnh ny
phi kch hot chng. Ngoi ra chng ta c th
s dng chng trnh MapBasic xy dng
cc phn m rng ca MapInfo.
- Tool Manager: Chy chng trnh ca MapBasic c tch hp thng c
s dng nht.
- Universal Tranlastor: Chuyn i gia cc nh dng khc nhau ca cc phn
mm GIS vi phn mm MapInfo v ngc li.
2.1.4 Menu Object
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- Set Target: Gi i tng ch, i tng

mun thc hin cc lnh phn tch.
- Clear Target: Thot lnh Set Target.
- Conbine: Kt hp cc i tng.
- Disaggregate: Tch cc i tng khng lin
tc hay l cc i tng c nhiu phn khc nhau.
- Buffer: To vng m cho cc i tng.
- Convex Hull: To mi i tng t cc i
tng c chn.
- Enclose: To i tng dng vng t cc i
tng dng ng.
- Voronoi: To cc i tng dng vng t cc
i tng dng im. Ti thiu phi l 3 im.
- Driving Regions: To vng m theo thi
gian hay khong cch. Phn ny s dng bn
trc tuyn ca MapInfo.
- Split: Ct i tng m i tng ct dng
vng.
- Erase: Xa cc i tng chng ln nhau.
- Erase Outside: Xa cc i tng khng chng ln nhau.
- Polyline Split: Ct cc i tng m i tng ct l ng thng.
- Polyline Split at Node: Ct i tng dng ng t 1 node no nm trn
ng thng .
- Overlay Nodes: To cc Node cho cc i tng theo cc i tng khc.
- Check Regions: Kim tra li ca cc i tng c chn.
- Clean: Sa li cho cc i tng.
- Snap/Thin: Sa li cho cc i tng bn theo mt nguyn tt c th no
. Lnh ny cho php xa cc i tng khng cn thit theo mt n v din
tch no hay c th, xa cc im kch chut (node) v nhp hai node li vi
nhau trn mt hay hai i tng.
- Offset: To cc i tng song song.
- Rotate: Xoay cc i tng.
- Smooth: Lm trn i tng dng ng.
- Unsmooth: Thot lnh Smooth.
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- Convert to Regions: Chuyn cc i tng dng ng sang cc i tng

dng vng.
- Convert to Polylines: Chuyn cc i tng dng vng sang cc i tng
dng ng.
2.1.5 Menu Query
- Select: Xy dng cu truy vn tm kim cc
i tng theo mt hm no .
- SQL Select: Xy dng cu truy vn v s
dng cc hm chc nng thng k, m,
lc, cc i tng thnh bng.
- Select All from: Chn ht cc i tng
trong lp u tin.
- Invert Selection: La chn ngc hay chn li cc i tng khng c
chn trc .
- Unselect All: B chn i tng.
- Find: Tm kim.
- Find Selection: Tm kim cc i tng chn. Ch tm kim cc i tng
khng hin th trn mn hnh.
- Find Address: Tm kim theo a ch trn mng theo Sever.
- Calculate Statistics: Thng k theo trng thuc tnh c chn.
2.1.6 Menu Table
- Update Column: Cp nht d liu dng
bng cho cc lp d liu.
- Append Rows to Table: Kt hp cc
bng thuc tnh li vi nhau. Khi cc i
tng trn cc bn s nhp li thnh mt
lp.
- Geocode: M a ha i tng vi lp
d liu dng bng. Khi d liu khng
gian ca i tng dng bng c lin kit
t tm ca i tng c m a ha.
- Geocode Using Server: M a ha
nhng s dng lp d liu c cung cp t
mng.
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- Create Points: To im t bng ta , c s dng khi chng ta mun a

lp d liu t cc dng bng a vo bn
- Combine Objects using Column: Kt hp cc i tng trn mt lp d liu
theo mt trng thuc tnh no . Cc i tng c thuc tnh ging nhau s
c biu din mt i tng duy nht. Chng ta c th s dng lnh ny
thng k din tch, dn s ca mt vng no .
- Buffer: To vng m cho mt lp d liu c chn v xut kt qu sang
mt lp khc.
- Voronoi: To cc vng cha im.
- Driving Regions: To vng m theo thi gian v khong cch. Bng thng
mi ca MapInfo. Mun s dng chng ta phi tr l ph.
- Import: a d liu t cc nh dng khc vo trong MapInfo (AutoCAD,
Text,).
- Export: Xut d liu t Mapinfo sang cc nh dng khc (AutoCAD,
Text,).
- Maintenance: Chnh sa, duy tr d liu thuc tnh, cu trc bng thuc tnh.
- Oracle Workspace Tools: To, xa cc tp tin WorkSpace.
- Raster: Chnh sa cc lp d liu dng Raster.
- WMS Table Properties: L t vit tt ca Web Map Service. Phn ny cho
php thay i lp d liu c lu tr trn mng ch ca MapInfo.
- WFS Table Refesh: L t vit tt ca t Web Feature Service. Lnh ny dng
cp nht, thay i d liu dng WFS.
- WFS Table Properties: Lnh ny dng ng nhp n d liu GML2
thng qua Internet hay mng ni b. MapInfo s hin th d liu v cho php to
hay to bn c lp. V vy lnh ny ch hin th khi d liu dng WFS c
m
- Universal Data Table Refesh: Cp nht thng tin ca lp d liu cc nh
dng khc nh AutoCAD, Microstation, Arcview, c chuyn bng lnh File/
Open Universal Data.
- List Open Tables: Xem danh sch cc lp ang m. S nhm theo cc phn
gm cu truy vn Query v Table.
2.1.7 Menu Option
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- Line Style: Chnh sa kiu hin th

kiu dng ng.
- Region Style: Chnh sa kiu hin th
kiu vng.
- Symbol Style: Chnh sa kiu hin th
kiu im.
- Text Style: Chnh sa kiu hin th
kiu ch.
- Toolbars: M cc thanh cng c ca
MapInfo (Main, Drawing, Tool, Web
Service, DBMS, Standard).
- Show Theme Legend Window: Biu din bng ch thch mu, trng thi ca
i tng trn bn .
- Show Statistics Window: Biu din bng thng k theo trng thuc tnh ca
lp d liu.
- Show Mapbasic Window: Biu din chng trnh lp trnh cho MapInfo.
- Show Status Bar: Hin th thanh trng thi ca chng trnh MapInfo.
- Custom Colors: Chnh sa bng mu theo ngi dng.
- Preferences: Chnh sa cc thng tin, mu sc, kiu i tng, theo ngi
s dng.
2.1.8 Menu Map
- Layer Control: Kim sot cc lp ang
v cha hin th trn trang Window.
- Create 3DMap: To bn dng 3D.
- Create Prism Map: To m hnh lng tr.
- Create Thematic Map: Chnh sa cch
hin th i tng trn bn .
- Modify Thematic Map: Chnh sa li
mu sc, thng tin hin th ca bn .
- Create Legend: To bng ch thch cho
bn .
- Change View: Thay i t l bn trn
trang Window.
- Clone View: To thm mt ca s ti sinh
t ca s ang kch hot.
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- Previous View: Quay li ca s xem trc .

- View Entire Layer: Xem ton b cc i tng ca mt hay nhiu lp bn
trn mn hnh Window.
- Clear Custom Labels: Khi phc mt nh v tr cc nhn ca i tng.
- Save Cosmetic Objects: Lu cc i tng ni bt trong lp Cosmetic Layer.
- Clear Cosmetic Layer: Xa cc i tng ni bt cha trong lp Cosmetic
Layer.
- Set Clip Region: Ct cc i tng ca tt c cc lp trn ca s hin hnh
theo mt i tng c chn.
- Clip Region On/Off: M/ Thot lnh Set Clip Region.
- Digitizer Setup: Ci t b s ha.
- Option: Chnh sa thng tin ca ca s kch hot gm n v, khong cch,
din tch, h quy chiu,
- Create Layout from Template: To trang in Layout theo khun mu.
2.1.9 Menu Window
- New Browser Window: M bng thuc tnh.
- New Map Window: M d liu khng gian.
- New Graph Window: M d liu dng
th.
- New Layout Window: M trang trnh by
in.
- New Redistrict Window: To ca s kho st, phn vng ca mt lp d liu.

- Redraw Window: Quay li ca s kch hot nu c thay i thng tin d liu.
- Tile Windows: To cc ca s theo dng lp ht mn hnh cc ca s hin
hnh.
- Cascade Windows: To cc ca s sp xp theo dng tng.
- Arrange Icons: Sp xp theo cc biu tng.
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2.2 Thanh cng c

2.2.1 Thanh Main
Select: Chn i tng. Mun chn nhiu i tng th nhn Shift trong
qu trnh chn.
-
Marquee Select: Chn i tng theo hnh vung hay hnh ch nht.
Radius Select: Chn i tng theo hnh trn.
Polygon Select: Chn cc i tng theo nh dng vng no . Khi v

vng th cc i tng c chn ch cn chng ln vng l c chn.
Boundary Selection: La chn i tng theo mt vng bao no . Lnh
ny c ngha l khi s dng i tng bao ca mt lp no th cc i tng
ca cc lp khc nm hon ton trong ng bao s c chn. Lnh ny buc
phi c t nht hai lp d liu th mi thc hin c.
-
Unselect All: B lnh chn i tng.
Invert Selection: La chn ngc. C ngha khi s dng cng c Select

chn cc i tng th sau khi chn Invert Selection th cc i tng cha
c chn s chn, cn cc i tng c chn trong cng c Select s khng
c chn.
Zoom in: Phng to ca s Window. Khi chn nt lnh ny nu mun
phng to ca s mn hnh th kch chut ti v tr , qut vng cn phng to ra
hay c th chn phm + trn bn phm.
Zoom out: Thu nh ca s Window. Khi chn nt lnh ny nu mun
phng to ca s mn hnh th kch chut ti v tr , qut vng cn phng to ra
hay c th chn phm trn bn phm.
Change view: Phng to hay thu nh theo mt t l no m ngi s
dng mun nhp vo.
-
Pan: Ko r ca s cha cc i tng bng bn tay.
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Info: Xem thng tin v nhp thuc tnh cho i tng.
HotLink: Lin kt n th vin no trong my tnh. N c th lin kt

n 1 trang Web, nh hay mt a ch c th no m my tnh hiu c.
Drap Map Window: Di chuyn ca s bn sang mt phn mm khc.
Lnh ny ch thc hin c khi chng ta m song song mt phn mm no
vi MapInfo. Khi chng trnh t ng chp li hnh ca trang ca s ang
hin hnh gi sang phn mm khc. V d: Phn mm son tho vn bn
Microsoft Word.
Layer Control: Chng cc lp d liu v kim sot hin th thng tin ca
cc lp d liu.
-
Ruler: Cng c o khong cch gia cc im vi nhau.
Show/Hide Legend: Hin/ n bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu.
Show/Hide Statistic: Hin/ n bng thng k theo mt trng thuc tnh

no ca lp d liu.
Set Clip Region: Ct cc i tng ca tt c cc lp trn ca s hin
hnh theo mt i tng c chn.
2.2.2 Thanh Drawing
Trnh by cc cng c v, to mi i tng. ng thi cho php ta chnh sa
cch hin th ca i tng trn bn .
Symbol: Cho im.
Line: V on thng.
Polyline: V ng thng gp khc.
Arc: V cung.
Polygon: V a gic bt k.
Ellipse: V hnh trn hoc Elip. Mun v hnh trn th nhn phm Shift
Rectangle: V hnh vung, hnh ch nht. Mun v hnh vung nhn

phm Shift.
-
Rounded Rectangle: V hnh bo gc.
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Text: Cho cc on text.
Frame: a vo khung ch bn hay mt lp d liu.
Reshape: Thay i hnh dng ca i tng chn.
Add Node: a vo cc Node/ im kch chut.
Symbol: Chnh sa cch hin th cc i tng dng im.
Line: Chnh sa cch hin th cc i tng dng ng.
Polygon: Chnh sa cch hin th cc i tng dng vng.
Text: Chnh sa cch hin th cc i tng dng ch.
2.2.3 Thanh Tools

Chy cc chng trnh Mapbasic c nt cng c ca phn mm MapInfo.
Run MapBasic Program: Chy cc chng trnh Mapbasic do nh sn

xut phn mm xy dng sn. Mc nh chy vo th vin Tools trong th mc
ci t MapInfo.
Show/Hide MapBasic Window: Hin/ n trang vit chng trnh
Mapbasic.
Run Mapping Wizard Tool: Chy chng trnh thnh lp bn . y
nh mt chng trnh lp trnh sn ca MapInfo to bn t u n cui.
Retrieve Grid Value: Ly gi tr ca lp Grid ti v tr kch chut. Ch c
tc dng sau khi chng ta to tp tin Grid trong lnh Create Thematic Map.
-
Create Grid: To li cho bn .
North Arrow: To hng.
Scale Bar: To thc t l.
Ngoi ra khi chng ta tt cc thanh cng c ny th c th gi chng li bng

lnh Option/ Toolbar, xut hin hp thoi sau
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- Toolbar: Tn cc thanh cng c.

- Show: Biu din chng trn mn hnh.
- Float: nh du chn vo th cc thanh cng c ny c th di chuyn n n
cc v tr trn mn hnh. Cn nu b chn th s nm ngang c nh trn mn hnh.
- Color Buttons: Mu ca cc biu tng. Nu lnh ny khng chn th cc biu
tng mu s chuyn sang mu xm.
- Large Buttons: nh dng biu tng ln.
- Show Tooltips: Biu din u ca thanh cng c.
- Save as Default: Lu mc nh cho cc ln m k tip.
2.2.4 Thanh trng thi (Status)
M t thng tin ca cc thanh cng c v menu. ng thi m t trng thi lm
vic ca lp d liu c chn
Zoom: T l thc ang xem. Ngoi ra chng ta c th chnh ti

v tr ny ta v tr con tr chut.
Editing: Lp ang c chnh sa.
Selecting: i tng ca lp c chn.

SNAP: Ch bt im cho ca i tng ang v.
v t ng.
AUTOTRACE: T ng d vt c sn v. Hay ni cch khc l
AUTONODE: V i tng theo nh dng nh mt cy vit ch.

Khi khi v chng ta ch cn r chut theo ng cn v m khng phi kch
chut to Node.
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CHNG III
LM VIC VI GIAO DIN MAPINFO
3.1 Chy v tt chng trnh

3.1.1 M MapInfo
Kch chn Start/ Programs/ MapInfo/ MapInfo Professonal hoc kch p
vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop
Mn hnh Quick Start
Trong hp thoi Startup Options

- Restore previous Session: Cho php m li nhng ca s bn c m
trc . Khi MapInfo t nh vo b nh ca my tnh. Do lnh ny ch
ng khi chng ta khng ci t li my tnh.
- Open Last Used Workspace: M li nh dng WOR m trc .
- Open a Workspace: M nh dng WOR lu trong my tnh.
- Open a Table: M cc lp d liu.
3.1.2 M bn
Trn thanh Menubar chn File/ Open m bn c sn trong my.
Thng thng mc nh ca MapInfo nh dng *.Tab.
Ngoi ra cn c th m nhiu nh dng khc nhau na nh:
- Wor: nh dng lu v t chc d liu trong MapInfo. Trong nh dng ny
chng trnh s t lu li ca s lm vic ca MapInfo, cc nh dng trang in
cng nh cc thng tin ca chng trnh.
- Dbf, Xls, Mdb, Txt: Cc nh dng thuc tnh, c s d liu m chng ta c
th lin kt vi d liu ca MapInfo.
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- Shp: nh dng ca phn mm Arcview, ArcGIS ca hng ESRI. nh dng

ny ch cho php chng ta tham kho d liu m khng c php chnh sa d
liu. Do nu mun chnh sa d liu ca cc nh dng ny trong MapInfo th
chng ta phi chuyn v nh dng chun ca MapInfo.
- Raster Image (*.Tif, *.Jpg, *.Bmp, *.Gif): Cc nh dng nh qut m
chng trnh c th c c. Cht lng nh tt ty thuc vo phn gii v
nh dng ca nh.
- Gird Image: nh dng nh dng Raster ca MapInfo.
- Ngoi ra cn cc nh dng khc na nh: Lotus, Comma Delimited.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th m cc nh dng tp tin ca mt s phn mm khc
nh Microstation, ArcGIS, ArcInfo, AutoCAD. Nhng chng ch mang tnh cht
tham kho nn khng th chnh sa d liu c. Trn thanh Menu chn File/
Open Universal Data, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Format: nh dng cn m. C nhiu nh dng, mun chn nh dng no

pha sau hp thoi Format chn la, gi s ti chn nh
th nhn vo nt
dng Microstation.
- Dataset: Th vin cha tp tin cn m, mun tm kim tp tin cn m kch

pha sau hp thoi Dataset chn
nt
- Coordinate System: H quy chiu cho lp c m, mun chn h quy
pha sau hp thoi Coordinate System chn
chiu no th kch vo nt
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- Setting: Ci c thng s cho lp c m. Nhn OK xut hin hp thoi v

thng tin ca cc lp c m.
- Open: Cc lp d liu c m ra.

- Layer Name: Tn lp d liu.
- File Name: Tn tp tin ca lp d liu . C th thay i tn tp tin bng
cch chn lp d liu trong Layer Name. c tn li sau nhn nt Apply
thc hin lnh.
- Check All/ Uncheck All: Chn/ b chn m cc lp d liu.
- Apply to Selected Layers: Chnh sa dng i tng hin th trn bn .
- Apply to Layers:
+ Use color information from dataset: S dng mu vin cc i tng
trn cc lp d liu.
+ Do not open empty layers: Khng m cc lp d liu rng.
+ Directory: Th vin cha cc tp tin xut. Mun chn li th vin khc
th nhn nt .
+ Preferred View: Kiu hin th d liu.
3.1.3 Tt bn
Trn thanh Menubar chn File/ Close Table. Lnh ny khng ch ng mt
lp m cn c th tt nhiu lp bn khc nhau. Chn lin tc nhn Shift, khng
lin tc nhn Ctrl.
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th ca s lm vic b tt i, cn
Ch : Khi chng ta tt bng nt lnh
cc lp d liu vn cn, nhng cc lnh phn tch trn ca s lm vic s b
mt.
3.1.4 Lu bn
Trn thanh Menubar chn:
- File/ Save Table: Khi lu loi ny, my tnh t ng lu d liu khng gian
v phi khng gian ca i tng . Ch hin th cc lp d liu c chnh sa
- File/ Save Copy As

+ Chn Selection: Lu i tng c chn th cng hay lnh Query
trn khng gian hay phi khng gian thnh mt file khc.
+ Chn Query: Lu i tng c la chn theo cu truy vn d liu
thnh mt tp tin khc.
+ Tn File: Lu ton b i tng khng gian v phi khng gian ca lp
d liu chn thnh mt file khc.
Phn lu ny cho php chng ta lu li mt lp d liu c th thay i c

h quy chiu gc ca n sang mt h quy chiu khc
- File/ Save Query: Ch lu cc tp tin bng cc cu lnh truy vn c
thc hin trc .
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- File/ Save Workspace: Lu li ton b cng vic m khng ch n cc

file Tab lu cha. Ch c phn ny mi lu v t chc qun l cc tp tin, cc
trang in hay ca s MapBasic
- File/ Save Window As: Lu li nhng i tng hin din trn mn hnh thnh tp
tin dng nh. Cc nh dng nh c h tr: Windows Bitmap (*.BMP), Windows
Metafile (*.WMF), Windows Enhanced Metafile (*.EMF), JPEG File Interchange

Format (*.JPG), JPEG 2000 (*.JP2), Portable Network Graphics Format (*PNG),
Tagged Image File Format (*TIF), TIFF CMYK (*.TIF), TIFF CCITT Group 4
(*.TIF), TIFF LZW (*.TIF), Graphic Interchange Format (*.GIF), Photoshop 3.0
(*.PSD), Comma Delimited Format (*.CSV).
- File/ Revert Table: Dng phc hi li ban u do chnh sa b sai. Lnh
ny ch thc hin khi phc li ln lu cui cng.
3.1.5 Tt chng trnh
-
: H chng trnh xung thanh Start ca h iu hnh.
: Thu nh ca s ca chng trnh, cho php ta thay i chiu rng v

chiu cao ca ca s chng trnh.
-
: Phng to ca s ca chng trnh y mn hnh lm vic.
: Tt chng trnh. Ngoi ra c th dng lnh File/ Exit.
: H ca s lm vic ca d liu khng gian hay d liu thuc tnh.
: Thu nh ca s lm vic ca d liu khng gian hay d liu thuc tnh.

Trnh ny cho php ta thay i chiu rng v chiu cao ca ca s lm vic. Ch
biu tng ny nm trong ca s lm vic ch khng phi ca chng trnh.
: Phng to ca s lm vic ca d liu khng gian hay d liu thuc tnh
y chng trnh lm vic.
tnh.
: Tt ca s ca s lm vic ca d liu khng gian hay d liu thuc
3.2 Ci t chung cho MapInfo

Mc ch ca vic lm ny l to cc i tng, n v, khong cch bt
im, trang in, theo ngi s dng. Trn MenuBar chn Option/Preferences.
Xut hin hp thoi di y
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3.2.1 Nt lnh System Setting
- Hp thoi Units
+ Paper and Layout Units: n v ca trang Window v trang in. C cc n
v sau: Centimeters, Meters, Kilometers.
+ Distance Units: Khong cch trong trang in v trang Window. Cc n v
khong cch hay s dng: Centimeters, Meters, Kilometers.
+ Area Units: n v din tch ca trang Window. Cc n v din tch hay s
dng: hectares, Sq Meters, Sq Kilometers.
Ch : Khi mun xc nh t l ca bn chng ta nn chn Paper and
Layout Units v Distance Units cng n v.
- Hp thoi Undo
+ Number of Undo Objects: Thit lp s i tng c php quay li
(Undo). V d nu t gi tr ny l 10, khi ti xa i 11 i tng trn mt lp d
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liu mt ln th s khng quay li c hay nt lnh Undo s n i khng cho

php quay li bc . Cho php nhp gi tr t 0 800, c ngha l c php
quay li lnh k cho ti a 800 i tng.
+ Memony Size for Undo: Thit lp s byte khi Undo i tng. C th c
t 1.000.000 n 10.000.000 bytes.
- Display Pre version 4 symbols Using TrueType Font: Thit lp cch
v biu tng t phin bn 4. Ty chn ny khng cn chn, v n khng cho
php ta v cc biu tng dng vector. M thng thng chng ta s dng nh
dng vector.
- Window Export and Clipboard Resolution: t gi tr, cht lng nh
xut ra khi s dng lnh File/ Save Window As.
- Hp thoi Data Window for 2 digit Years
+ Turn date windowing off (use current century): S dng ngy thng theo
mc nh ca my tnh.
+ Set date window to: Nhp s nm theo ngi dng ch nhp 2 ch s u,
cn gii hn nm sau l 4 ch s. V d: 00 08 th c ngha l ngy thnh 2000
2008.
- Hp thoi Copy to Clipboard: Chn cc nh dng m MapInfo c th
lu vo b nh tm. Thng thng cc du Copy Text to Clipboard, Copy Bitmap
to Clipboard, Copy Metafile to Clipboard c chn ht.
- Hp thoi Color Defaults: S dng nh dng mu.
+ Monitor Setting: Mu theo mc nh ca my tnh.
+ Black and White: Trng en. S dng khi mun in bn trng en.
+ Color: Mu theo my in.
- Hp thoi Display vertical Mapper GRD files as: Lnh ny cho php
hin th nh nh dng GRD t chng trnh Vertical Mapper (phn ny phi mua
ring khng nm trong gi chng trnh chung vi MapInfo).
+ Grid: Hin th tp tin dng GRD v thm cng c h tr ln cc i tng.
+ Raster: Hin th nh GRD nh l nh raster.
+ Default: Xem nh GRD nh l nh raster hay nh li ph thuc vo m
trong tp tin Tab tng ng. Nu m ny khng hin hnh, tp tin s m nh nh
raster, cn nu m ny hin hnh th tp tin s m nh dng nh li.
- Hp thoi Aspect Ratio Adjustment: Ty chn ny dng duy tr t l
cho mn hnh ca chng ta. ng nhp vo thay i kch thc mn hnh. Phn
ny t c s dng.
3.2.2 Nt lnh Map Window
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a. Tab Display
- Hp thoi When Resizing Map Window: Thay i t l bn v t l

ca s bn . Ch ng vi cc ca s bn mi. Nu mun ging nh bn
ca bn sau khi co dn ca s bn th chn Fit Map to New Window, cn
mun t l bn khi thay i ca s bn th chn Preserve Current Scale.
thc hin lnh ny vo Map/ Change View. Lnh ny ch ng cho nhng bn
ring bit.
- Hp thoi Apply Clip Region Using:
+ Windows Device Clipping (all objects): Ct tt c cc i tng.
+ Windows Device Clipping (no points, text): Khng ct cc i tng dng
im v dng ch.
+ Erase Outside (no points, text): Khng xa b cc i tng dng im v
dng ch. Lnh ny thc hin bng cch chn i tng sau vo Map/ Set Clip
Region.
- Scroll Bars: Hin thanh cun.
- AutoScroll: T ng cun khi chuyn sang trang Layout.
- Show InfoTips: Hin th thng tin ti con tr chut khi r chut n cc nt
lnh th nhn ca cc nt lnh s hin th trong khung k v tr con tr chut.
- Show Tooltips in Layer Control Dialog: Hin th tn y v a ch th
vin cha tp tin trong hp thoi Layer Control.
- Automatic Raster Zoom Layering: T ng phng cc tp tin dng Raster.
- Automatic Grid Zoom Layering: T ng phng cc tp tin dng li.
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- Use Cartographic Scale: S dng t l thuc v bn . Khi cc hp

thoi Change View, Map Print Option v Frame Objects s theo ly t l thuc v
bn m khng phi l t l thc. Do khng nn chn phn ny.
- Draw Layers Under Themes: Ty chn ny gn lin vi vic to bn
ch theo lnh Range v Individual. Ty chn ny t s dng
- Automatically Open Default Themes: T ng lu thng tin mc nh vo
Metadata ca lp d liu. Sau nu bt lp d liu ny ln th s hin th thng
tin lu . Ty chn ny t c s dng.
- Enable Hardware Acceleration for 3DMap Windows: Tng cng kh
nng hin th d liu di dng 3D bng cch s dng Card ha ca my tnh.
b. Tab Editing
- Hp thoi Warm Prior to Loss of: Bt ch cnh bo khi to d liu

cho cc lp Cosmetics Objects, lp nhn (Map Labels) hay khi to bn
chuyn (Thematics). Trong qu trnh bin tp, to nhn, to cc i tng
trong lp Cosmetic m tt ca s trnh by th s xut hin hp thoi cnh bo sau
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Hp thoi ny nhc nh chng ta phi lu li nh dng Workspace nu khng

mun mt cc thng tin trong lp Cosmetic Layer c to trn ca s . Chnh
v vy c ba ty chn trong hp thoi Warm Prior to Loss of c chn.
- Hp thoi Move Duplicate Nodes in: Di chuyn cc Node chng ln
nhau gia hai i tng lin k khi thc hin lnh chnh sa hnh dng i tng
Reshape.
+ None of the Layers: Khng di chuyn cc Node chng.
+ the Same Layer: Di chuyn cc Node chng ln nhau. Tc l khi di chuyn
Node ca mt i tng th hnh dng ca i tng v cc i tng lin k
s thay i theo. Lnh ny rt hu ch khi chnh sa d liu khng gian
- Hp thoi Digitizing Options: Chnh sa thng tin ca ch bt im.
+ Display Snap Radius: Hin th vng trn bt im theo v tr con chut.
+ Snap Tolerance: Khong cch bt im. Tnh bng Pixel.
+ Auto Node Tolerance: Khong cch t ng bt vo node. Tnh bng Pixel.
- Hp thoi Find Selection Options: Chnh sa cch tm kim i tng
khi c dn t mt lp d liu khc.
+ Zoom on Find Selection: Phng n i tng chn khi thc hin lnh
Query/ Find Selection.
+ Find Selection after Paste: Tm n i tng va dn.
c. Tab Projection
- Hp thoi Default Projections: Chnh sa h quy chiu cho bn (Table

Projection) v phin (Session Projection).
- Hp thoi Display Coordinates: Biu din ta dng thp phn (Degrees
Decimal), pht giy (Degrees Minutes Seconds), theo h qun i (Military
Grid Reference).
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- Hp thoi Distance/ Area Using: Tnh khong cch, din tch theo phng
php hnh cu (Spherical) hay h Decac (Cartesian).
3.2.3 Nt lnh Layout Window
- Show Rulers: Thc ca trang Layout.

- Show Page Breaks: ng vin gia 2 t giy.
- Hp thoi Show frame contents
+ Always: Lun lun hin th ni dung cha trong khung.
+ Only when Layout Window is Active: Ch hin th cc lp d liu
c kch hot.
+ Never: Khng bao gi hin th.
3.2.4 Nt lnh Legend Window
- Hp thoi Style Sample Size

+ Small: Ch nh.
+ Large: Ch ln.
- Hp thoi Legend Frame Defaults
+ Title Pattern: Tiu ca bng ch thch.
+ Style Name Pattern: Chnh tn cho cc i tng hin th. Nu mun hin
th tt c th nguyn du %.
+ Subtitle Parttern: Tiu ph ca bng ch thch. Phn ny nn trng,
sau khi to xong bng ch thch s to sau cho tng lp.
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+ Border Style: nh du chn vo to khung cho bng ch thch, kch vo

chnh vin v mu sc khung hin th.
nt
+
Font: Chnh Font tng ng cho cc v tr.
3.2.5 Nt lnh Startup
- Hp thoi Workspace Options

+ Save MAPINFO.WOR when Exiting MapInfo: Lu li nh dng Wor
khi MapInfo tt.
+ Load MAPINFO.WOR when Starting MapInfo: T ng chy li
chng trnh c lu dng wor trc . Nt lnh ny ch hin th khi chng ta
tt ty chn mn hnh Quick Start khi khi ng.
+ Save Queries in Workspace: Lu li cc lnh truy vn d liu khi lu li
nh dng WOR.
+ Save Printer Information into Workspace: Lu li thng tin in n ca
chng trnh trong lnh lu dng WOR.
+ Retore Printer Information from Workspace: Khi phc li thng tin in
n t trong lnh lu dng WOR.
- Hp thoi Default DBMS connection: t chng trnh qun l d liu
m MapInfo c th lin kit.
- Display Quick Start Dialog: Hin th hp thoi cho php m nhanh mt
s nh dng ca MapInfo.
3.2.6 Nt lnh Address Matching
- Numbers before street name: S nh trc tn ng.
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- Numbers before street name: S nh sau tn ng.

Hp thoi ny ch ng khi chng ta s dng bn thng mi ca cng ty m
MapInfo xy dng.
3.2.7 Nt lnh Directories
Thit lp cc ng dn mc nh tm kim cc tp tin cn m. V d: m

nh dng Tab ca MapInfo th phn mm ch nh l th mc my document trong
my tnh ca ngi dng. chnh sa li chng ta c th nhn vo nt Modify
nh ngha li a ch tm m tp tin ca MapInfo.
3.2.8 Nt lnh Output Setting
a. Tab Display
- Display raster in true color when possible: Hin th nh ch 24 bit.

Ty chn ny c th s dng khi mn hnh my tnh trn 256 mu.
- Dither Method: Cho php chuyn nh 24 bit sang nh 256 bit.
b. Tab Printing
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- Hp thoi Printing Settings

+ Print Directly to Device: In t my in.
+ Print using Enhanced Metafiles (EMF): To tp tin Metafiles sau gi
n my in.
- Print Border for Map Window: To vin en ca trang giy khi in.
- Internal handing for Transparent Vector Fills and Symbols: Khi tt
ty chn ny ch mu v cc biu tng s dng trong sut.
- Scale Patterns: Qut mu khi in. Ty chn ny l mc nh.
- Use ROP Method to Display Transparent Raster: S dng nh ROP
(Raster Operation) biu din cc nh trong sut.
- Print Raster In True Color When Possible: Cho php in nh 24 bit khi
my in h tr trn 256 mu.
c. Tab Exporting
- Hp thoi Window Export Settings

+ Export Border: To ng vin khi xut d liu dng nh.
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+ Internal Handing for Transparent Vector Fills and Symbols:Trnh by

dng c bit khi in mu nh trong sut hay cc biu tng trong sut.
+ Use ROP Method to Display Transparent Raster: S dng nh ROP
(Raster Operation) biu din cc nh trong sut.
+ Export Raster In True Color When Possible: S dng nh cht lng 24
bit in nh dng raster v dng li. Ty chn ny c th xy ra khi nh 24 bit
v my in h tr trn 256 mu.
+ Dither Method: La chn khi cn thit chuyn t nh 24 bit sang nh 256
mu. Ty chn ny c s dng khi in nh raster v nh li.
- Hp thoi Antialiasing
+ Use Antialiasing: Lm trn nh hn khi loi b cc li bn ngoi vin
ca nh raster.
+ Filter: Phng php lm trn vin nh. C cc phng php sau:
o Smooths the bitmap vertically and horizontally: Lm trn nh theo chiu
ng ln chiu ngang.
o Smooths the bitmap in all directions: Lm trn nh t mi pha.
o Smooths the bitmap in all directions (different algorithm): Lm trn
nh theo thut ton khc.
o Smooths the bitmap diagonally: Lm trn nh theo ng cho.
o Smooths the bitmap horizontally: Lm trn nh theo chiu ngang.
o Smooths the bitmap vertically: Lm trn nh theo chiu ng.
+ Mask Size: S dng phng php ny che cc nh raster c chn.
Nhp gi tr vo bn cnh ch kch thc ca mt che.
+ Threshold: Ch nh gii hn (ngng) chnh cc pixel cn lm trn. Mi
pixel trong mt nh s cha mt gi tr thng s mu cho pixel . Nhng pixel c
gi tr nh hn s c mu ti. Ty chn ny c s dng lm trn cc pixel
trn gi tr c nhp t bn cnh.
3.2.9 Nt lnh Printer: Thit lp cho my in, kh giy in
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- Window Default: Mc nh my in c khi ng sn.

- MapInfo Preferred: Chn my in theo ngi dng. Ch hin th cc my
in c ci c sn trong my tnh.
- Hp thoi MapInfo Preferred Printer Setup
+ Name: Tn my in.
+ Size: Kh giy.
- Hp thoi Orientation
+ Portrait: Kh giy ng.
+ Landscape: Kh giy nm ngang.
3.2.10 Nt lnh Styles: Chnh li cch hin th i tng trn bn .
- Hp thoi Default Styles: Cc nh ng i tng trn bn .

+ Region: i tng dng vng.
+ Line: i tng dng ng.
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+ Symbol: i tng dng im.

+ Text & Label: i tng v nhn dng ch.
- Hp thoi Hightlight Control: Cc nh dng i tng khi chn la.
+ Selected Objects: Cch hin th i tng khi chn i tng trn bn .
+ Target Objects: Cch hin th i tng khi chn mun lm vic vi i
tng trn bn .
- Hp thoi Default Find Style: Cch hin th i tng c tm thy khi
chng ta thc hin lnh tm kim (Query\Find hay Query\Find Selection).
3.2.11 Nt lnh Web Services
Ci t cc thng s lin quan n bn thng mi ca MapInfo. Phn ny

t c s dng v phi tr l ph cho MapInfo.
3.2.12 Nt lnh Image Processing
Trong tin trnh thay i h quy chiu ca nh Raster, MapInfo s tnh ton li
gi tr ca cc pixel lm cho chng hin th ng hn. Trong qu trnh ly mu,
MapInfo s c gng khi phc li mi gi tr ca pixel ca nh v cc v tr xung
quanh n. Gm hai phng php tnh gi tr pixel l Cubic Convolution v Nearest
Neighbor.
- Hp thoi Using
+ Never: Khng bao gi thay i h quy chiu khi a thm vo cc lp d
liu dng vector. Ty chn ny mt nh trong MapInfo phin bn 8.5 tr li.
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+ Always: Lun lun thi hnh lnh thay i h quy chiu cho nh. MapInfo
tnh ton li c s ta theo mt cng thc chnh xc v cc pixel c ly mu
theo phng php Cubic Convolution hay Nearest Neighbor. y l ty chn mc
nh ca chng trnh.
+ Optimized: Ty chn ny bo m vic thay i h quy chiu ca nh raster
l chnh xc sau khi chuyn vo trong khng gian nh.
3.3 Ci t thng s cho ca s kch hot
Mc ch thay i n v, h ta cho ca s c kch hot. Ch : khi ca
s c chnh thng s th h ta ca cc lp d liu s theo h quy chiu tm
thi ca ca s cn h quy chiu mc nh ca cc lp d liu vn c gi
nguyn. Cc lp d liu c h quy chiu khc nhau s chuyn v h quy chiu ca
ca s . Khi m mt lp d liu th mc nh ca s s ly h quy chiu v n
v theo ng h quy chiu ca lp d liu . y l im mnh ca MapInfo khi
t ng chuyn cc lp d liu v cng h quy chiu ca ca s thc hin
chng cc lp bn .
Trn thanh Menu chn Map/ Option, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Hp thoi Map Units

+ Coordinate Units: n v ca h ta gm c h Meters (mt) v
Degree ().
+ Distance Units: n v khong cch trn bn .
+ Area Units: n v din tch.
- Hp thoi Distance Using
+ Spherical: Theo cch tnh hnh cu.
+ Cartesian: Theo h cac
- Hp thoi Display in Status Bar:
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+ Zoom (Window Width): Theo t l phng.

+ Map Scale: Theo t l bn .
+ Cursor Location: Ta ti v tr con tr chut. Ngha l khi di chuyn
chut th ta s thay i.
- Hp thoi When Resizing Window
+ Fit Map to New Window: Gi nguyn bn khi thay i t l ca s
bn .
+ Preserve Current Scale: Thay i t l bn khi thay i kch thc ca
s.
- Hp thoi Apply Clip Region Using
+ Windows Device Clipping (all objects): Ct tt c cc i tng.
+ Windows Device Clipping (no points, text): Khng ct cc i tng
dng im v dng ch.
+ Erase Outside (no points, text): Khng ct cc i tng dng im v
dng ch.
- Hp thoi Display Coordinates: Biu din ta theo h . Ch c tc
dng khi chn n v ca ta (Coordinate Units) l Degree.
+ Degrees Decimal: Ta dng thp phn.
+ Degrees minutes Seconds: Ta theo pht giy.
+ Military Gris Reference: Theo h ta tham chiu ca qun i. Khi
chn nh dng ny v chn Cursor Location th s thy ta bn gc tri ca
thanh trng thi (Status).
- Image Processing: Thay i li h quy chiu cho nh ng k.
- Projection: H quy chiu.
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+ Category: Php chiu v h quy chiu.

+ Category Member: Mi chiu.
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CHNG IV
TO LP D LIU
4.1 To d liu t cc nh dng khc

Chng trnh MapInfo cho php chng ta ly d liu t cc nh dng khc ca
cc phn mm to ngun d liu cho MapInfo. Khi lp d liu khng gian
v phi khng gian s c ly theo nh dng gc ca tp tin . Trn thanh Menu
chn Table/ Import, xut hin hp thoi sau
Chn la nh dng cn chuyn vo trong hp thoi Files of type. Cc nh

dng h tr chuyn i d liu vo MapInfo bao gm
- MIF: MapInfo Professional Interchange Format. (nh dng ASCII).
- DXF: AutoCAD.
- MBI: MapInfo Professional Boundary Interchange format. nh dng
ASCII cho MapInfo DOS.
- MMI: MapInfo DOS MMI.
- IMG: nh dng nh DOS cho MapInfo.
- GML: nh dng OS MasterMap format.
- GML/XML: Geographic Markup Language 2.1 (*.gml, *.xml).
4.2 To mi d liu
Vic to mi bn phi c xy dng trn nn bn c sn trn bn
giy hay s dng my nh v khoanh vng sau a vo MapInfo x l.
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Khi s dng bn giy cn phi c Scan vo my tnh cc nh dng nh:

tif, jpg, bmp sau c nn v ng v tr thc ca n.
4.2.1 Nn nh
Khi nn nh cn phi khai bo t nht 4 im khng thng hng. Cc im
khng ch ny c ly da vo a vt trn bn hay l cc im d nhn dng
ngoi thc a. Vic nn nh phi khai bo ng h qui chiu. C cc h qui chiu
thng dng nh:
- VN-2000 v Ha Noi 72: H ta Vit Nam.
- Longitude / Latitude: H ta a l chung.
- Gauss-Kruger(Pulkovo 1942): H ta Gauss.
- Universal Transverse Mercator(WGS 84): H ta UTM.
- V h ta ca mt s quc gia khc.
Thc hin theo bc sau:
B1: chn File/ Open..., mc File of Type chn nh dng Image Raster
Kch Open mn hnh ng nhp nhp xut hin cho php chng ta nn nh
- Register: Nn nh, a nh v ng v tr thc. Do vy khi s ha bn

chng ta phi s dng nt lnh ny ng nhp cc im khng ch.
- Display: a nh v gc ta .
Nn nh l cng vic ht sc quan trng v bn thn nh khng th hiu v tr
c th n nm u, v tr no trn mt t. Nu khng nn nh th chng trnh
t ng a v gc ta (0,0).
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B2: ng nhp nh v h qui chiu: Khi ng nhp nh, chng ta cn xc nh

nh ny thuc h qui chiu no nhm trnh sai st v sau. Cng vic ny cc k
quan trng, v nu chng ta xy dng bn khng ng h quy chiu th khi thc
hin chng lp bn s dn n b lch.
- Label: Tn im khng ch
- X Coord v Y Coord: Ta X, Y
ca cc im khng ch.
- Error (pixels): Sai s. Thng thng
sai s cho php t 0,1,2. Khi sai s ln s
lm bin dng nh cn nn khi ta s
b sai do cn cn thn trong ng nhp
cc im khng ch.
- Edit: Chnh sa li cc im khng
ch.
- Remove: Xa im khng ch.
- Find: Tm im khng ch nhp.
- Add: Thm im khng ch.
-
Zoom In: Phng to.
Zoom Out: Thu nh.
- Pick From Map: Tm im khng ch thng qua lp bn c sn. Khi

mun thc hin lnh ny chng ta xc nh r cc im tng ng gia bn v
nh khng ch.
- Units: n v ca im khng ch (Meters v Degree).
- Projection: Php chiu cho nh nn.
B3: ng nhp h quy chiu cho bc nh a nh v ng v tr thc. Kch
chn Projection.
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- Category: Chn php chiu.

- Category Members: Chn mi
chiu tng ng ca nh cn nn.
VD: Chn h quy chiu Universal Transverse Mercator (WGS84), mi chiu

UMT Zone 48, bn cu Bc.
B4: Chn n v bn . Kch chn Units:
- Degree: Loi kinh , v .
- Meters:
Loi
vung
gc.
ng nhp cc im
B5: Nhp im khng ch. Kch vo nt Add
khng ch vo. Phi nhp t nht 4 im khng ch khng thng hng. Cc im
khng ch ny thng c da vo cc mt li c sn trn nh hay ti cc v tr
xc nh c ta . Trong trng hp nh cn nn khng c ta thc,
chng ta c th da vo cc a hnh, a vt c trn bn xc nh im
khng ch nh: cu, y ban, ng ba sng, giao l,khi xc nh c cc im
ny, tin hnh i thc a xc nh ta ca cc im khng ch.
Kch vo im khng ch trn nh, hp thoi xut hin
- Label: Tn im cn nhp.
- Map X v Map Y: Ta X,Y tng
ng vi v tr thc.
- Image X, Image Y: Ta mc nh ca
nh tnh t gc ta . iu ny c ngha
rng ta Image X, Image Y s tnh tin
v v tr c ta l Map X, Map Y.
Khi ng nhp xong 1 im, mun nhp im tip theo th nhn tip nt Add.
Trong trng hp nu nhp sai cn thc hin li th kch nt Edit
chnh sa tng im tng ng.
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Khi ng nhp im thnh cng cn phi kim tra li chnh xc bng cc

thng s trong ct Error. Cc gi tr ny cng nh th chnh xc cng cao, do
ty thuc vo mc chnh xc ca bn cn to ra c gi tr sai s ph hp.
B6: OK. MapInfo t ng chuyn nh v ng v tr theo ng ta c nn
v to ra 1 file *.Tab trong th vin cha file nh. Files ny s lin kt vi nh
thc ca n. nh ny ch dng khng gian cha c d liu thuc tnh. Do vy
qun l d liu chng ta cn phi tin hnh s ha bn ny.
Ch : Mun tnh sai s dng mt chng ta cn phi xc nh phn gii
ca anh v t l ca nh nn. khi cng thc tnh sai s l
Error =
a
b
Trong : a l t l bn .
b l s pixel trn 1 n v.
Nu b c theo n v l inch th chng ta phi chuyn i v cm cho ng.
1inch = 2,45cm. Mun xem nh c phn gii bao nhiu th cc bn c th s
dng phn mm Photoshop.
VD: nh qut c t l l 1/10000 v c phn gii l 100pixels/inch th ta
tnh ra kt qu nh sau
Error =
10000 * 2,54
= 254cm tng ng vi 2,54m
100
Nh vy sai s y tng ng l 1pixels trn nh qut th sai s ngoi thc

a l 2,54m.
Trong trng hp khi ng k nh xong nhng vn thy b sai, hay b lch so
vi thc t ta c th chnh sa li bng cch vo lnh Table/ Raster Image
Registration th mn hnh ng nhp im khng ch xut hin li cho php chng
ta chnh sa li.
Mun iu chnh li phn gii ca nh nn thi hnh lnh Table/ Raster/
Adjust Image Style, xut hin hp thoi
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- Hp thoi Adjustments
+ Contrast: tng phn.
+ Brightness: sng.
+ Translucency: m.
- Hp thoi Conversions
+ Original Image: nh nguyn gc
khng chnh mu sc.
+ Grayscale: Chuyn sang nh xm
.- Transparent: Chuyn i mu ty chn trn bn sang mu trng. Khi
chn nt Select Color chn mu cn chuyn sang mu trng.
Ngoi ra trong trng hp mun cp nht t bn c sn chng ta c th
xc nh ta thng qua ta c
s dng lnh Pick from Map
sn trn bn . Lu khi s dng lnh ny th h quy chiu ca bn v ca
nh cn nn l nh nhau.
u tin cn xc nh cc v tr tng ng gia bn v nh nn, kch chn
im trn nh nn, xut hin hp thoi sau.
Image X, Y l ta ca nh. Kch chn im tng ng trn bn , xut

hin hp thoi
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Map X, Y l ta thc ca bn . Khi ta Image X, Y s tnh tin v

ta Map X, Y. Tng t cho cc im k tip.
Phng php ny thng c s dng khi mun cp nht d liu cho bn

sau khi i thc a.
4.2.2 S ha bn
Khi s ha bn cn ng nhp nh nn v lp s ha cng h quy chiu vi
nhau v cc lp ny phi chng ln nhau. Nh vy chng ta cn phi to ra mt
lp mi.
a. To lp bn
Lp bn mi c c trng l mt lp dng trong sut, cha c d liu. Ty
thuc vo nh cn s ha thuc loi no m ta cn t tn sao cho nh.
To lp mi kch chn File/ New Table
- Open New Broser: Khi m xut hin
bng thuc tnh
- Open New Mapper: M d liu khng
gian.
- Add to Current Mapper: Cp nht
sn h quy chiu ca cc bn ang m.
Do khi nn nh xong mun s ha li
nh nn th phi chn nt lnh ny.
- Create New: To mi cc trng thuc tnh.
- Using Table: To cc trng thuc tnh t cc bng thuc tnh c sn ca cc
lp d liu ang hin hnh.
Nhn vo nt Create to trng cho bn thuc tnh
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- Add Field: To trng d liu

thuc tnh
- Remove Field: B trng thuc
tnh chn
- Projection: Chn h quy chiu
cho lp bn
- Table is Mappable: Kch chn
nt lnh ny nu mun xy dng bng
thuc tnh v bn , cn nu xy dng
bng thuc tnh ring l th b chn nt
lnh ny.
- Hp thoi Field Information
+ Name: Tn trng. Ch khng c khong trng, cc k t, ch s, ch c
s dng ch.
+ Type: Kiu d liu ca trng thuc tnh.
Interger: S nguyn c gii hn t -2.000.000.000 n 2.000.000.000
Small Interger: S nguyn c gii hn t - 32.768 n 32.767
Character: Dng chui di ti a 250 k t.
Float: S t do.
Decimal: S thp phn. Trc du phy ti a l 20 s, sau du phy ti
a 16 s.
Data: Kiu ngy gi.
Logical: ng hay sai.
+ Width: rng ca k t hay s trc du phy.
+ Decimals: rng ca s sau du phy.
Ty thuc vo i tng cn s ha m to cc lp tng ng. Sau khi to cc
trng d liu cho bng thuc tnh nhn nt Create to mi v lu i tng
li.
b. S ha bn
Khi tin hnh s ha bn ngay t u, cn phi chng lp bn s ln lp
bn c nn. Trn thanh menu chn Map/ Layout Control, xut hin hp thoi
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+ Add: Thm lp mi vo.

+ Remove: Thot 1 lp trong ca s hin
hnh.
+
Visiable: Hin th trn bn .
Editable: Chnh sa.
Selectable: Kch hot.
Auto Label: Gn nhn.
- Trong hp thoi Layers

- Hp thoi Reorder
+ Up: Di chuyn lp d liu ln trn.
+ Down: Di chuyn lp d liu xung.
- Display: Cch hin th i tng trn bn . Trong nt lnh ny cho php
chng ta hin th tm ca i tng.
- Lable: Gn nhn t ng cho i tng.
- Thematic: Chnh sa bng ch gii ca lp .
- HotLink: Lin kt vi a ch no trong my tnh hay trn mng.
Trong hp Layer th t ca lp bn c u tin t trn xung.
Khi tin hnh v i tng cho mt lp cn phi kch hot lp trong mi
trng chnh sa trn thanh trng thi Status hoc c th kch nt lnh Editing
trong hp thoi Layer Control.
Sau mi tin hnh v i tng bng cc cng c trn thanh Drawing. S

dng con tr chut ti v tr bt u v. Trong qu trnh v, nu kch chut tri th
ti v tr s to ra mt node, cn kch p chut tri th s kt thc lnh ti v tr
. Trong qu trnh s ha cn bt mi trng bt dnh i tng bng cch nhn
phm S trn bn phm. Ch bt im ln (Snap) nhm mc ch bt im v
khp vng cc i tng li vi nhau. Khi ti im kt thc ca mt i tng cn
kch p chut vo. Ch bt im Snap cho php chng ta bt im trn mt
cnh hay mt i tng c th.
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Khi v cc i tng lin k vi nhau th im u v cui giao tip gia hai

i tng chng ta cn kch chut to node ti v tr s thun li cho qu
trnh s ha cc i tng k tip .
v cc i tng dng vng nh bn hnh
S dng cng c Polygon
chnh, hin trng s dng t, hin trng rng, bn ti nguyn t,
v Line
v cc i tng dng ng nh
S dng cng c Polyline
ng giao thng, sng sui knh rch, lp ranh tha, ranh huyn, tnh,
to i tng dng im nh tr s UBND,
S dng cng c Point
trng hc, cha, cng trnh cng cng, cu, bn xe,
S dng cng c Text
to i tng dng ch nh tn UBND, tn cc
con sng, ng giao thng,
Ch : Khi chn lp Cosmetic Layer th cc lnh trn thanh cng c Drawing
hin th nhng y ch l mt lp d liu khng gian khng c thuc tnh mc d
chng ta c th lm vic trn c
V cc i tng lin k
Khi cc bn mun v cc i tng lin l nhau (VD: gia hai ranh tha, hai
huyn k nhau) th chng ta nn s dng lnh Snap bt im. lm iu ,
chng ta thc hin lnh sau:
u tin phi chc chn cc bn bt ch bt im ln, sau chn im
u gip ranh, r chn n im cui gip bin gia hai i tng , nhn Shift nu
cnh lm bin chung c t Node hn on cn li, nhn Ctrl khi on bin chung
c Node nhiu hn cnh cn li (Ch : im u v im cui phi c Node)
Khi cnh chung t ng v m chng ta khng cn phi v li on
4.3 Chnh sa hnh dng ca i tng
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Trong qu trnh s ha s xy ra sai s khi v lm cho hnh dng ca i tng

khng ng so vi thc t khi mun chnh sa li hnh dng ca i tng
chng ta s dng nt lnh Reshape
Khi cc im chng ta kch chut tri trong qu trnh v (node) s hin

th cho php chng ta chnh sa hnh dng ca i tng thng qua cc node .
Trong trng hp mun di chuyn cc node chung gia hai i tng lin k nhau
nu chng ta di chuyn node ca i tng ny th hnh dng ca i tng k vn
gi nguyn. Nu mun hnh dng ca i tng k c thay i khi di chuyn v
tr cc node ca i tng bn cnh th chng ta phi chn the Same Layer trong
Tab Editing ca nt lnh Map Window trn menu Option/ Preference (phn ny
c trnh by trong chng trc).
4.3.1 Thm Node cho i tng

Gi s ti mt v tr A trn bin ca i tng b sai s trong qu qu trnh
s ha nhng ti v tr ny li khng c im node chnh sa li hnh dng ca
i tng, khi chng ta s dng lnh Add Node
thm node vo
trn thanh Drawing
T cc Node ny chng ta c th chnh li hnh dng ca i tng chnh xc

hn. ngha ca hai thao tc trn gip chng ta gim thiu sai st trong qu trnh
s ha, do trong qu trnh lm vic khi ta to xong i tng no th nn
chnh li hnh dng ca i tng phng i tng tip theo to ra c th
chng ln i tng to trc .
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4.3.2 Xa Node ca i tng

Lnh ny cho php chng ta xa cc node khi v hay khi thm node cho i
tng. Khi xa node th hai node hai bn gn nht ca node c xa s to thnh
mt ng thng mi lm cho hnh dng ca i tng thay i theo. Chn i
tng mun xa cc node, trn thanh Drawing chn cng c Reshape
, s
dng con tr chut chn node cn xa, nhn nt Backspace trn bn phm xa
node
4.3.3 Lnh AUTOTRACE

Lnh ny cho php chng d tm ng ranh gia cc i tng vi nhau
v m khng cn s ha li on hay ni cch khc l s ha t ng. y
cng l lnh mi ca chng trnh MapInfo m cc phin bn trc y cha c.
Lnh ny c s dng nh lnh bt im, nhng ch s dng ng khi chng

ta chn on cn d tm du vt c node t hn on cn li, cn mun ly cnh c
node nhiu hn th phi nhn Ctrl. thc hin lnh ny nhn phm T trn bn
phm v s hin th trn thanh trng thi Status.
4.3.4 Lnh AUTONODE
Lnh ny cho php v i tng nh s dng cy bt ch v bng cch r
chut m khng cn phi kch chut to node. Khi cc ng cong s t
ng to node cho i tng. Nh vy lnh ny ch cn kch chut ti im u v
im cui ca i tng. thc hin lnh ny nhn phm N trn bn phm s
xut hin trn thanh trng thi Status.
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Sau khi v xong cc i tng, chng ta c th xem thng tin ca chng bng
cch chn i tng cn xem, chn Edit/ Get Info hoc c th kch p vo i
tng c chn.
4.4 Chnh sa hin th i tng
4.4.1 i tng dng vng
Cc i tng dng vng thng c s dng s ha hin trng t ai,
tha t, lp hnh chnh,lnh c s dng thng xuyn nht l Polygon dng
v a gic bt k. Trc khi v cn chnh li nh dng, kiu hin th ca i
tng dng vng, chn Option/ Region Style hay nt lnh Polygon
trn thanh
Drawing chnh sa.
- Hp thoi Fill
+ Pattern: Mu chng ta cn chn hin th.
Chng c tc dng chn mu nn v cc hoa vn
th hin trn mu nn .
+ Foreground: Hoa vn trn nn.
+ Background: Mu nn.
- Hp thoi Border
+ Style: Kiu ng vin ngoi ca i tng.
+ Color: Mu ca vin ngoi.
- Hp thoi Width
+ Pixels: rng ca vin theo pixels c xy dng sn trong chng trnh.
+ Points: rng ca vin theo im c nhp vo theo ty chn ca ngi
dng.
- Hp thoi Sample: Cho php xem trc nh dng hin th ca i tng
trc khi thi hnh lnh.
4.4.2 i tng dng ng

c s dng trong trng hp chng ta mun s ha lp giao thng, lp a
hnh.
S dng cc cng c
v cc nh dng ng.
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Trc khi thc hin s ha i tng dng ng nn chnh li cch hin th

ca dng i tng ng. Trn thanh Menu chn Option/ Line Style hay kch
chn nt lnh Line Style
trn thanh Drawing.

+ Style: Loi ng ca i tng cn hin th
+ Color: Mu ca i tng.
- Hp thoi Width
+ Pixels: rng ca ng theo pixels c xy dng sn trong chng trnh
+ Points: rng ca ng theo im c nhp vo theo ty chn ca
ngi dng.
- Hp thoi Sample: Cho php xem trc nh dng hin th ca i tng
trc khi thi hnh lnh.
4.4.3 i tng dng im

Lp im c s dng nhiu khi mun to k hiu cho cc khu vc c bit
nh: y ban nhn dn, cu cng, trng hc, ch,Ta s dng cng c Point
trn thanh Drawing.
Trc khi cho im cc i tng chng ta cn chnh sa li cch hin th
hay trn
im bng cch nhn vo nt lnh Point Style trn thanh Drawing
thanh Menu chn Option/ Point Style.
- Font: nh dng biu tng trong
chng trnh ca MapInfo, cc phn mm
khc ci t trong my v h iu hnh.
- Symbol: Cc biu tng trong mi
th vin cha biu tng.
- Color: Mu ca biu tng.
- Rotation Angle: Gc xoay ca biu
tng.
- Hp thoi Background: Mu nn, vin.
+ None: Khng hin th.
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+ Halo: Vin mc nh mu trng.

+ Border: Vin mc nh mu en.
- Hp thoi Effects: Cch hin th ca biu tng ln bn .
+ Drop Shadow: Bng ca biu tng.
+ Bold: Mu nn m.
4.4.4 i tng dng ch
Cc on d liu ch thng c s dng t tn cho cc con sng, tn x,
huyn, tnh, cc con ng giao thng, tn bn , Ta s dng cng c Text
trn thanh Drawing chn cc on text vo bn . Chng ta c th chnh font
ch nh dng cho on vn bn trc khi chn vo bn , kch chn nt Text
Style
trn thanh Drawing hay trn thanh Menu chn Option/ Text Style.
- Font: Font ch hin th trn bn .
- Size: Kch thc ch.
- Text Color: Mu ch.
- Hp thoi Background: Mu nn cho on text.

+ None: Khng chn nn.
+ Halo: Vin ch.
+ Box: Nn ch.
+ Color: Mu vin, nn.
- Hp thoi Effects: Cc kiu hin th ch trn bn .
+ Bold: In m.
+ Italic: In nghing.
+ Underline: Kiu ch gch chn.
+ ALLCAP: Kiu ch hoa.
+ Shadow: Ch c bng.
+ E x p a n d e d: Ch cch, gin ra.

Ch : Trong qu trnh lm vic nu chng ta mun hin th nhiu biu tng,
nhiu loi i tng trn bn th chng ta c th la chn li cc i tng
mun hin th li (mun chn nhiu i tng th nhn Shift) sau chn li
Region Style, Line Style, Point Style, Text Style.
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4.5 Chnh sa c tnh ca i tng khng gian

Mun chnh sa c tnh ca i tng no ch cn kch p vo i tng
hoc c th vo lnh Edit/ Get Info.
4.5.1 Kiu vng
- Bounds X1, Y1 v Bounds X2,
Y2: Ta ranh gii cha vng.
- Center X, Y: Ta tm i
tng.
- Total Area: Din tch ca i
tng.
- Total Perimeter: Chu vi ca i
tng
.- Line Segments: Tng s on thng khp kn to vng.
- Polygons: S vng c chn. S i tng ch ln hn 1 khi i tng
c to ra cha nhiu i tng dng vng.
- Style: Cch hin th vng.
4.5.2 Kiu ng
- Bounds X1, Y1 v Bounds X2, Y2:
Ta ranh gii cha ng.
- Center X, Y: Ta tm i tng.
- Total length: Tng chiu di ca i
tng.
- Line Segment: Tng s on thng
to ng thng.
- Smooth: Lm trn ng.
- Style: Cch hin th ng.
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4.5.3 Kiu im
- Location X, Y: Ta ca i tng.
- Style: Cch hin th i tng.
4.5.4 Kiu ch
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- Style: Font ch, cch hin th on text.

- Start X, Y: Ta bt u ca on text.
- Khung Line Spacing: Khong cch gia
cc dng.
+ Single: gin dng n.
+ 1.5: Gin dng 1,5.
+ Double: Gin dng i.
- Khung Justification: Canh l.

+ Left: Canh tri.
+ Center: Canh gia.
+ Right: Canh phi.
- Khung Lable Line: ng ch v tr gc ca on text.
+ No line: Khng hin th ng ch.
+ Simple line: ng ch dng ng thng.
+ Arrow line: ng ch dng mi tn.
Nt lnh Style ch hin th khi chn mt trong hai ty chn Simple line hay
Arrow line cho php ta chn la cc kiu hin th ng ch.
- Ratate Angle: Gc xoay on text.
Ngoi ra nu chn i tng khng thuc lp cn chnh sa th cc nt lnh
Style s n i.
Trong qu trnh chnh sa, nu mun dch chuyn i tng khng gian n v
tr mi th c th chn i tng sau dch chuyn i. C hai cch:
- Chn i tng, nhn phm Ctrl + phm di chuyn: Di chuyn i tng c
khong cch l 1pixel/ln.
- Chn i tng nhn phm Ctrl + Shift + phm di chuyn: Di chuyn i
tng c khong cch l 10 pixels/ln. Nh vy nu mun di chuyn i tng
n mt v tr c khong cch ln th nhn t hp phm ny.
Ch : Cng c ny cng c s dng trong ca s Layout dng di
chuyn khung ca mt ca s.
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CHNG V
LM VIC VI D LIU KHNG GIAN
Hu ht cc lnh phn tch, chnh sa i tng khng gian trong MapInfo

iu xut hin hp thoi Data Aggregation chnh sa thng tin ca cc i
tng sau khi thc cc lnh phn tch khng gian. C rt nhiu phng php in
thng tin thuc tnh ca cc i tng c xy dng sn.
- Hp thoi Aggregation Method
+ Blank: trng ct thuc tnh c
chn.
+ Value: c gi tr cho trng thuc
tnh c chn.
+ Sum: Ly gi tr tng trong ct c
chn ca cc i tng c chn
phn tch.
+ Average: Ly gi tr trung bnh trong ct c chn ca cc i tng c
chn phn tch.
+ Weight by: Cc phng php gm ly theo trng , theo Area v None.
Khi kt hp cc i tng dng ng khng chn Area v cc i tng ny
khng to vng. Tt nht nn chn lnh None, lnh ny chn bng cch ly gi tr
bnh qun.
- No Data: Khng chn gi tr thuc tnh ca i tng.
5.1 Kt hp cc i tng li vi nhau
- Chn cc i tng cn ghp, hp li vi nhau.
- Trn thanh Menu chn Object/ Combine.
Lnh ny c s dng khi chng ta mun kt hp cc tha t li vi nhau.

VD: ng A mun mua mnh t ca ng B gn nh v c cng loi t vi
nhau th chng ta c th gp chung tha t cng ca ng A vi mnh t ca ng
B m ng A mi mua.
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Khi kt hp cc tha t lin k nhau (c chung ranh tha) th s to thnh

tha mi v xa ranh tha gia hai tha c. Cn cc ranh tha khng k nhau th
vn gi nguyn v tr nhng to thnh tha mi gm nhiu tha nh bn trong.
5.2 Tch cc i tng nhiu phn

- Chn i tng cn tch.
- Object/ Desaggregate, xut hin hp thoi.
- All Objects: Tch tt c cc i tng ra khi i tng chung m khng

phn bit cc loi i tng.
- Collections Only: Ch tch cc i tng khc nhau, cn cc i tng ging
nhau s khng b tch. Tt l nu c nhiu i tng dng vng, nhiu i tng
dng ng v nhiu i tng dng im th lnh ny s tch ra lm ba phn: mt
i tng gm nhiu i tng dng vng, mt i tng gm nhiu i tng
dng ng, mt i tng gm nhiu i tng dang im.
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Lnh ny c s dng trong trng hp chng ta mun tch cc tha t, cc

hin trng rng khng lin tc thnh tng tha khc nhau hay cc con ng c
lp (hm c lp).
5.3 To vng m
- Chn cc i tng.
- Object/ Buffer, xut hin hp thoi sau.
- Value: Gi tr cn tnh vng m,
tnh t tm ng n bin.
- From Column: Tnh gi tr t bng
thuc tnh.
- Units: n v.
- Smoothness: S cnh quanh im
(ch ng cho i tng dng im).
- One buffer of all obiects: To mt
i tng vng m t cc i tng
c chn.
- One buffer for each objects: To cc i tng vng m tng ng vi cc

i tng c chn.
Nu gi tr trong ct Value v From Column mang gi tr l m th vng m

c to ra s nm bn trong i tng cn to vng m. Trng hp ny ch
ng vi cc i tng dng vng.
Lnh ny c s dng trong trng hp chng ta mun m rng ng giao

thng, to vng m cho cc khu vc bo v nghim ngc (Khu bo tn thin
nhin). S dng c cho tt c cc i tng dng ng, im, vng.
5.4 To mi i tng t cc i tng khc
- Chn cc i tng.
- Object/ Convex Hull.
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- One output object for all input

objects: To mt i tng t cc i
tng c chn.
- One output object for each input
objects: To mt i tng t mi i
tng
c
chn.
.
Nu i tng dng vng th to vng mi tng t, cn i tng dng

ng th to ra dng vng cha ng .
5.5 To dng vng t cc on v ng thng kp kn
- Chn cc i tng dng ng m chng kp kn vi nhau
- Object/ Enclose
Lnh ny thng c s dng khi chng ta mun chuyn ranh tha sang tha
t,chuyn ranh gii tnh, huyn sang bn hnh chnh.
5.6 To i tng vng cha im
Lnh ny ch ng khi chng ta chn t nht 3 im. Trong cc vng to ra
c khong cch gn nht vi im n cha trong . Lnh ny hu ch khi mun
phn tch im quy hoch.
- Chn cc i tng dng im
- Object/ Voronoi
Khi s to ra cc i tng dng vng cha c cc im chn.

5.7 Ct i tng
- Chn i tng b ct.
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- Object/ Set Target.

- Chn i tng ct.
- Object/ Split: i tng ct dng vng.
- Object/ Polyline Split: i tng ct dng ng.
Khi i tng s b ct ra theo ranh ca i tng ct chng v to ra s i
tng tng ng vi ng ranh i qua i tng b ct.
Khi ct i tng bng cc i tng dng ng th chng trnh s chy ra

mt i tng dng vng tng ng kp kn i tng dng ng . Chnh v
vy lnh ny ct i tng bng cc i tng dng vng cng tng t nh ct
bng cc i tng dng ng.
Lnh ny thng c s dng khi chng ta mun chia tha t ra thnh nhiu
tha nh. VD: nh chia t cho nhng ngi trong gia nh.
5.8 Ct i tng ti node
Ch s dng cho cc i tng dng ng, thng c s dng chia ct
cc ng giao thng ti nt giao v cc ng giao thng nm tren mt trc
ng nhng c nhiu tn ng khc nhau.
Chn i tng b ct. Chn v tr node ct i tng (Mun chn node i
tng th phi bc cng c Reshape trn thanh Drawing), trn thanh Menu chn
Object/ Polyline Split at Node.
5.9 To node cho i tng

Ch to node t cc im giao nhau gia i tng cn to node vi i tng
khc.
Chn i tng cn to node, trn thanh Menu chn Object/ Set Target. Chn
i tng chng ln i tng cn to node, trn thanh Menu chn Object/
Overlay Node.
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5.10 Xa mt phn i tng

- Chn i tng b xa.
- Object/ Set Target.
- Chn i tng xa.
+ Object/ Erase: xa vng chung gia i tng b ct v i tng ct.
+ Object/ Erase Outside: xa vng ngoi gia i tng b ct v i tng

ct.
Hai lnh ny s c hng dn k hn trong phn ng dng.

5.11 Kim tra cc vng b chng lp
Lnh ny ng dng kim tra cc i tng dng vng c b li g khng
trong qu trnh s ha.
- Chn cc i tng cn kim tra.
- Object/ Check Region, xut hin hp thoi:
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Detect Self-intersections: on thng

tha trong vng.
Detect Overlaps: Vng chung, vng
chng ln nhau.
Detect Gaps: Cc l hn trn cc vng
no c din tch ti a l bao nhiu
(maximum gap area).
+ Maximum Gap Area: Din tch ti a
cn kim tra li.
+ Area Unit: n v din tch.
5.12 Xa cc i tng Gap v Overlap

Lnh ny c thc hin sau khi chng ta kim tra li cc i tng. Ch
sa c cho cc i tng dng vng.
- Chn cc i tng cn sa li.
- Object/ Clean
- Enable removal: Xa cc vng chung.
- Enable gap removal: Xa cc l hn bn
trong cc i tng.
- Maximum Gap Area: Din tch ti a cn
xa b.
- Area Units: n v.
5.13 Chnh sa cc i tng khng gian

Lnh ny cho php chnh sa, loi b cc i tng c din tch nh khng
thuc phn qun l, ghp cc node. Thng thng khi chy lnh ny cc i
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tng, node b loi b s kh pht hin li. khi s dng lnh ny cn thn khi xa
b cc i tng, v d to ra cc l hn.
- Inter-Object Node Snap: Nhp cc node li vi nhau theo mt khong

cch nh hn cho sn no gia cc i tng.
+ Internal Node Toerance: Khong cch gia cc Node.
+ Tolerance Units: n v khong cch.
- Node Thinning/ Generalization: Xa cc Node khng cn thit nm gia
2 node c nh bi mt khong cch nh hn khong cch trong 3-node
Collinear Deviation, xa cc node nm gn nhau theo mt khong cch nh hn
mt khong cch nh sn trong Node Separation.
- Polygon Area Thinning: Loi b cc i tng dng vng nh hn mt
din tch cho sn c nhp vo nt lnh Minimum Area. Khi thc hin lnh ny
phi cn thn v c th xa nhm cc i tng cn c gi li. Do vy ch thc
hin lnh ny khi xc nh r gii hn ti thiu v din tch ca cc i tng cn
c gi li trc khi xa cc i tng khng cn thit.
+ Minimum Area: Gii hn din tch ca cc i tng cn phi xa.
+ Area Units: n v ca din tch.
5.14 To i tng song song
- Chn i tng.
- Object/ Offset, xut hin hp thoi.
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- Hp thoi Direction
+ Angle: Gc xoay i tng to ra theo
phng nm ngang.
- Hp thoi Distance
+ Distance: Khong cch gia i tng gc v
i tng cn to ra.
+ Units: n v khong cch gia i tng
gc vi i tng cn to ra.
- Hp thoi Copy/Move
+ Create Copy: To mi i tng t mt i tng khc.
+ Move Objects: Di chuyn i tng n v tr mi.
Lnh ny thng c s dng khi chng ta mun xy dng cc khu song lp

hay cc con ng giao thng song song nhau.
5.15 Xoay i tng
- Chn i tng.
- Object/ Rotate, xut hin hp thoi.
- Rotation Angle: Gc xoay (). Gi tr dng
s quay theo chiu ngc kim ng h, gi tr m
s quay theo chiu kim ng h.
- Pick From Map: To gc xoay t bn .
- Reset Anchor: Khi phc li gc ta mt
nh ca i tng cn xoay.
- X, Y: Ta gc xoay.
- Lock Anchor Point Position: Ta gc xoay s c gi nguyn khi chng
ta bt li hp thoi ny.
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5.16 Lm trn i tng

Ch s dng cho i tng dng ng, khi cc gc gia cc on thng s
to thnh cc cung.
- Chn i tng
- Object/ Smooth
- thot lnh ny chn Object/ Unsmooth.

Lnh ny thng c s dng khi chng ta to bn a hnh, mc ch lm
cho bn c tnh thm m cao hn.
5.17 Chuyn i i tng
- Chn i tng
- Object/ Convert to Region: Chuyn t ng sang vng.
- Object/ Convert to Polyline: Chuyn t vng sang ng.
Khi chuyn nh dng hnh trn hay hnh elip th s to ra 101 node, khi
chuyn dng cung th sinh ra 27 node, cn chuyn t hai cung ghp li s sinh ra
52 node.
Lnh ny thng c s dng khi chng ta mun chuyn i bn hnh

chnh sang bn ranh gii, chuyn bn ranh tha sang bn hin trng,.
5.18 Ct nhiu lp
Lnh ny dng n tt c cc i tng ca tt c cc lp trn mt ca s
theo mt i tng c chn ca mt lp no . Thng c s dng khi ch
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cn m t mt vng no trong mt bn ln. V d nh ti c mt bn ca

tnh ng Nai nhng ti ch mun hin th bn cho huyn Vnh Cu.
Chn i tng (thng l cc i tng dng vng), trn thanh Menu chn
Map/ Set Clip Region, khi ch cc i tng ca tt c cc lp trn ca s
nm trn i tng c chn s hin th, cn cc i tng khc s b n i.
Mun thot lnh ny, trn thanh Menu chn Map/ Clear Clip Region.
Ngoi ra mun xc nh khong cch gia cc v tr trn bn c th dng
cng c Ruler
trn thanh Main.
- Distance: Khong cch gia con tr chut v v tr va kch chut.

- Total: Tng khong cch gia cc im c kch chut.
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CHNG VI
LM VIC VI D LIU THUC TNH
6.1 Nhp thuc tnh cho i tng

trn thanh Main sau kch chn vo i tng mun
Kch chn nt Info
nhp thng tin, xut hin hp thoi
MapInfo ch hiu ting Vit Font dng TCVN3 (ABC) v Vni-Window.

Ngoi ra chng ta cng c th nhp thng tin cho bn trc tip trong bng
thuc tnh. M bng thuc tnh ca bn chn lnh Window/ New Browser
Window. Khi nhp thuc tnh nn chnh font cho bng thuc tnh trc nhm
trnh sai st khi nhp d liu.
Khi chn mt i tng trn bn th i tng thuc tnh cng c chn,

khi tin hnh nhp d liu thng tin cho i tng. Vic nhp thng tin cho bn
rt phc tp khng nh cc phn mm qun l d liu khc nh Excel,
Access, MapInfo cho cho php chng ta nhp thuc tnh cho mt i tng, cn
mun nhp thuc tnh cho cc i tng tip theo buc phi chn chng v nu
nhn Enter chng ta khng th bit i tng no trn bn tng ng vi thuc
tnh .
m bng thuc tnh, trn thanh MenuBar chn Window/ New Browser
Window, xut hin hp thoi
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Chn bng thuc tnh cn m
6.2 Cp nht d liu cho bng thuc tnh

Vo lnh Table/ Update Column
- Table to Update: Bng cn cp
nht thuc tnh.
- Column to Update: Trng cn
cp nht.
- Get Value From Table: C cc
trng hp sau.
Cp nht bng cc hm v biu thc xy dng sn khng ph thuc
vo i tng khc
- Get Value From Table: Trng tn bng vi ct Table to Update.
- Value: iu kin cn cp nht.
- Assist: Cng thc cho iu kin t cc hm xy dng sn.
Thng c s dng tnh din tch, cp nht th cng cc i tng c
chn. Gi s tnh din tch ta s dng hm Area trong nt s xung Functions:
Area (Object, sq m). Cc n v tnh thng c s dng: hectare, sq mi
(miles), sq m (metres), sq km (kilomet), sq cm (centimet), sq mm (milimet)
Cc hm thng c s dng cp nht cho thuc tnh ca i tng
Tnh chiu di cho cc i tng dng ng: ObjectLen(obj, "km").
Tnh chu vi: Perimeter(obj, "km").
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Ly ta tm ca i tng: CentroidX(obj) kinh ng, CentroidY(obj) v

bc.
t cc ch ci u trong cc t ca chui vit hoa: Proper$(trng thuc tnh
cn chuyn). V d: tr an thnh Tr An.
Vit hoa: UCase$(trng thuc tnh cn chuyn). V d: tr an thnh TR
AN.
Val(trng thuc tnh cn chuyn): Tr v gi tr ca chui. V d: chui 12345
s chuyn thnh gi tr 12345.
LCase$(trng thuc tnh cn chuyn): Tr v chui vit ch thng. V d:

chui TR AN thnh tr an
Format$(trng thuc tnh cn chuyn, "#.##"): Tr v mt chui theo nh
dng. V d: Format$(1234.6789, #.## ha) s thnh l 1234.68 ha. Hm ny
khng to ra chui c du cch hng ngn nu nh dng s.
FormatNumber$(trng thuc tnh cn chuyn): Tr v mt chui t mt s,
c phn cch hng ngn v s thp phn. V d: 1234.56789 s thnh 1,234.56789.
Distance(trng thuc tnh cha ta X ca im th nht, trng thuc tnh
cha ta Y ca im th nht, trng thuc tnh cha ta X ca im th
hai, trng thuc tnh cha ta Y ca im th hai, n v): Tr v khong
cch gia hai im. V d: Distance(2,5,7,8, m) s cho gi tr l 3.16 mt.
Cp nht t cc i tng khc hay lin kt d liu gia cc bng vi
nhau
Cc bng c th cp nht c phi dng Database (dbf) v Excel (xls),
- Table to Update: Bng thuc tnh
cn cp nht.
- Column to Update: Trng thuc
tnh cn cp nht.
- Get Value From Table: Nhn gi
tr cn cp nht cho bng thuc tnh t
bng no. Trong trng hp ny chn
bng cn lin kt cp nht d liu.
- Join: Lin kt trng gia 2 bng.
- Where: Ct lin kt trong bng thuc
tnh tm iu kin cp nht.
- Matches: Ct cn lin kt vi ct trong
bng
thuc
tnh
.
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- Calculate: Phng php ly gi tr trong bng cp nht cho bng thuc tnh.
- Of: Cp nht t ct no ca bng cp nht.
Trc khi cp nht d liu cho bng thuc tnh
Sau khi cp nht d liu cho bng thuc tnh
Nhng lnh ny ch cp nht thuc tnh cho mt trng, cp nht cng lc

nhiu trng thuc tnh phi s dng chng trnh MapBasic. Gi s ti mun cp
nht thuc tnh loi t, m mu cho cc loi t vo lp tanlap_region t bng
update. Bc chng trnh MapBasic t Option/ Show MapBasic Window, nh
vo lnh sau.
Add Column "tanlap_region" (Ghi_chu) From update Set To Loai_Dat
Where COL1 = COL3
(1)
Tanlap_region l bng c cp nht
Ghi_chu l trng c cp nht trong bng tanlap_region
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Update l bng cp nht

Loai_dat l trng cp nht ca bng Update cho trng thuc tnh Ghi_chu
trong bng c cp nht Tanlap_region
COL1 trng lin kt ca bng Tanlap_region
COL2 trng lin kt ca bng Update
COL1=COL2 tc l trng th nht trong bng Tanlap_region lin kt vi
trng th 3 ca bng Update
Nu chng ta mun cp nht n ct trong bng Tanlap_region th chp lnh (1)
thnh n ln. V d ti cp nht trng Ghi_chu v trng R ti vit lnh sau
Add Column "tanlap_region" (Ghi_chu) From update Set To Loai_Dat
Where COL1 = COL3 Add Column "tanlap_region" (R) From update Set To
R Where COL1 = COL3 Browse * From tanlap_region
Lnh Browse *From Tanlap_region m bng thuc tnh ca lp
Tanlap_region. Sau khi vit lnh xong, ti dng ny nhn Enter thi hnh lnh
6.3 Cc loi c s d liu
6.3.1 nh dng Microsoft Excel *.xls
Chn File/ Open, chn nh dng Microsoft Excel, xut hin hp thoi sau
Named Range: Ch chn vng cha d liu. Nu vng d liu khng nm

trong cc ct u tin ca bng d liu th chn Other chn cc vng cha d
liu
nh du chn vo Use Row
Above Selected Range for Column
Tiles: ly dng u tin trong bng lm
trng thuc tnh. Sau cp nht nh
trn.
6.3.2 nh dng Text *.txt
Chn File/ Open chn nh dng Delemited ANSI, xut hin hp thoi sau:
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nh du chn vo Use First Line for

Column Titles s dng dng u tin
trong
bng
lm
tn
trng.
6.3.3 nh dng DataBase File *.dbf

Chn File/ Open chn nh dng dBASE DBF, xut hin hp thoi sau
Trong lnh File Character Set chn kiu Windows US & W. Europe (ANSI)
n cc trng thuc tnh khng cn thit, kch hot bng thuc tnh ca lp d
liu cn n cc trng, trn thanh Menu chn Browse/ Pick Format, xut hin hp
thoi sau:
- Fields in Table: Cc trng
thuc tnh ca lp d liu chn.
- Columns in Browser:
trng thuc tnh hin th
Cc
- Add: a trng thuc tnh vo

bng hin th
- Remove: Xa trng thuc tnh
trong bng hin th
- Reset: Khi phc li bng hin
th. Thng khi phc li ton b cc
trng
- Edit Browser Column: Chnh sa b danh, nhn c trng. Chnh sa tn

trng trong Name, chnh sa phng php, cch hin th trong Expression.
Kch vo nt lnh Assist xy dng hm
- Save As Default Browser View: Lu li nh dng ny cho bng hin th
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Xa li gia cc i tng, thanh ghi trn thanh Menu chn Browser/ Option,
xut hin hp thoi
B chn Show Grid Lines th li gia cc i tng s mt.

6.4 Ni hai bng thuc tnh
Lnh ny cho php chng ta gn hai bng thuc tnh thnh mt bng. Thng
c s dng khi bn ca mt khu vc no c xy dng trn nhiu bng
khc nhau, do cn phi php chng li thnh mt bn hon chnh. Cc loi bn
ny ch yu l bn ranh tha.
Gi s ti mun ghp huyn Vnh Cu vo bn tnh ng Nai. Trn thanh
Menu chn Table/ Append Rows to Table, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Append Table: Chn lp d liu
cn ghp. Trong v d ny l huyn
Vnh Cu.
- to Table: Ghp vo lp d liu no.
Trong v d ny l tnh ng Nai
Trong trng hp nu chng ta ghp hai bng vi nhau m bng ghp khng
trng thuc tnh, khng c d liu th ch ghp v mt khng gian, cn d liu
thuc tnh s trng v trng thuc tnh s theo trng thuc tnh ca bng c
ghp. Cn trong trng hp tn trng thuc tnh gia bng ghp v bng c
ghp khng ging nhau th sau khi ghp xong th t thuc tnh ca bng ghp s
c nhp theo th t thuc tnh ca bng c ghp, cn cc trng thuc tnh
khng c s trng.
6.5 Kt hp cc i tng s dng trng thuc tnh
Lnh ny c s dng khi mun kt hp cc i tng c chung thuc tnh
trong mt trng no ca mt lp d liu, rt hu dng trong vic thng k cc
loi t c tng din tch l bao nhiu. Thng c s dng trong bn hin
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trng s dng t, khi cc loi m t ging nhau kt hp li vi nhau. Gi s

ti mun kt hp cc m t trong bn x Tn Lp, huyn Tn Uyn.
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Combine Objects using Column, xut hin hp
thoi sau
- Combine objects from Table:
Chn lp d liu cn kt hp theo trng
thuc tnh
- Group objects by column: Chn
trng thuc tnh cn gp li.
- Store results in table: Chn lp d liu xut kt qu sau khi thc hin
lnh Combine. Nu mun xut sang mt lp d liu mi hon ton th chn
<New>.
Nhn Next to bng thuc tnh cho lp d liu cha lnh Combine ny. Qu
trnh to bng thuc tnh tng t nh to mi lp d liu. Chng ta nn chn lp
d liu c trng thuc tnh ging vi lp d liu gc.
Trong hp thoi Table Structure chn Using Table v s dng thuc tnh theo
lp gc. Nhn Create to bng ch thch v lu li, xut hin hp thoi sau.
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Hp thoi ny cho php chn cch to d liu cho cc trng thuc tnh. Phn
ny c trnh by trong phn u tin ca chng V Phn tch khng gian.
Ta c th s dng bng ny xem tng din tch ca tng loi t.

6.6 To vng m
Lnh ny tng t nh to vng m bng lnh Object/ Buffer nhng lnh ny
cho php chng ta to vng m qua lp d liu khc hoc trn lp d liu .
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Buffer, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Buffer objects from table: Chn lp
d liu cn to vng m.
- Store results in table: Chn lp d
liu xut kt qu sau khi to vng m.
Nu mun xut sang lp mi th chn
<New>.
Nhn Next xut hin hp thoi to mi lp d liu tng t nh phn Combine
objects using column.
6.7 To cc vng cha im
Tng t nh lnh Voronoi trong Menu Object nhng lnh ny cho php
chng ta to cc vng cha im nm trong trong lp khc.
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Voronoi, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Perform Voronoi using objects from table: Chn lp d liu cn to vng

cha cc im. Ch cc lp cha im mi xut hin ti hp thoi ny.
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- Store results in table: Chn lp d liu cn xut ra. Nu to mi th chn

<New>.
Nhn Next xut hin hp thoi to bng thuc tnh cho lp mi. Phn ny
tng t nh cc phn Combine objects using column.
6.8 Xy dng cu truy vn (Query)
Xy dng cu truy vn nhm mc ch tm kim, thng k, truy xut, d liu
dng thuc tnh v d liu khng gian. Vic vit cu lnh cho hm truy xut rt
phc tp v kh khn, thng s dng cc hm xy dng sn trong cc nt lnh
ca ca s chng trnh. Khi xy dng cu truy vn s to ra mt lp d liu
thuc tnh theo ng iu kin cn truy xut. Cu truy vn c th to lp t nhiu
lp d liu vi nhau tm kim quan h gia cc lp hay theo mt iu kin
no .
6.8.1 Truy xut d liu dng n gin
Trn thanh Menu chn Query/ Select, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Select Records from Table: Chn
la cc i tng t bng no.
- That Satisfy: iu kin tm.
- Store Results in Table: t tn cho
bng
lc.
.- Browse Results: Hin th bng kt qu.
6.8.2 Truy xut d liu dng phc tp (SQL)

SQL c vit tt t Structured Query Language (Ngn ng truy vn c cu
trc) c xy dng nhm mc ch truy vn i tng bng cc lnh ca mt hay
nhiu lp d liu vi nhau.
Trn thanh Menu chn Query/ SQL Select, xut hin hp thoi sau
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- Select Column: Chn cc thuc

tnh cn thit trong cc lp c chn
t from Table. Nu chn tt c cc
trng thuc tnh th mc nh
nguyn du *.
- From Table: T bng no.
- Where Condition: Xc nh iu
kin lc. C th xc nh thng qua cc
hm, biu thc trong cc nt lnh
Operators, Aggregates, Functions.
- Group by Columns: Nhm cc i tng theo trng thuc tnh.
- Order by Columns: Sp xp theo thuc tnh.
- into Table Name: Tn lp d liu cha kt qu c xut ra.
Trong nt lnh Operators cho php tm kim quan h gia cc lp d vi

nhau.
6.8.3 Mt s ng dng ca lnh SQL
a. Tm kim cc i tng chng ln nhau
Trong hp thoi from Table chn cc lp tm kim quan h, trong hp thoi

where Condition chn kiu quan h l Intersects trong nt lnh Operators
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HC_DN.obj Intersects duong_gt.obj
Ngoi ra nu chng ta mun chn cc i tng khi ch bit cc loi i tng

cn li trn lp d liu , ta s dng lnh Query/ Invert Selection. Lnh ny cn
c gi l lnh chn o ngc, tc l cc i tng c chn s khng c
chn v cc i tng cn li s chn sau khi dng lnh Invert Selection.
Cn mun chn tt c cc i tng trn bn hay bng thuc tnh th s
dng lnh Select All. B chn cc i tng c chn trc vo Query/
UnSelect All hay t hp phm Ctrl+W.
b. Tm kim quan h gia cc lp d liu
Gi s ti c hai lp d liu A v B.
- Contains: Cc i tng trong lp A cha tm cc i tng trong lp B.
- Contains Entrire: Cc i tng trong lp A cha hon ton i tng trong
lp B.
- Within: Tm ca cc i tng trong lp A nm trong cc i tng trong
lp B.
- Entrirely Within: Cc i tng trong lp A nm hon ton trong cc i
tng trong lp B.
A Contains Entrire B
A Contain B v A Within B
B Entrirely Within A
A (B) Intersects B (A)

c. Tm kim cc i tng c chn
Gi s ti mun tm cc x c tn l Tn An, Cy Go, Vnh Tn th trong hp
thoi where Condition ti gi lnh sau Xa = any ("Tn An", "Cy Go", "Vnh
Tn") hoc Xa in ("Tn An", "Cy Go", "Vnh Tn")
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Cn trng hp mun tm kim tt c cc x tr ba x ny ra th dng lnh sau

Xa <> all ("Tn An", "Cy Go", "Vnh Tn") hoc Xa not in ("Tn An", "Cy
Go", "Vnh Tn").
Ngoi ra cn c th s dng nhiu lnh tm kim. Gi s ti mun tm tt c
cc x c din tch ln hn 23000 ha v tr ba x Tn An, Cy Go, Vnh Tn th
s c cu trc nh sau
Xa <> all ("Tn An", "Cy Go", "Vnh Tn") and Dientich > 23000
Ch : Phi nh theo ng Font ch ca cc lnh ny trng vi Font ch ca
bng thuc tnh.
Tm kim cc x c ch ci u tin l ch P, trong hp thoi where Condition
gi lnh sau Left$(Xa,1)= "p"
Tm kim cc x c tn u tin pha sau ch P trong bng ch ci, trong hp
thoi where Condition gi lnh sau Left$(Xa,1)> "p" hoc Xa> "p", nu mun ly
c k t P th dng lnh Left$(Xa,1)>= "p" hoc Xa>= "p"
Tm kim cc x c din tch trong khong 5.000 ha n 20.000 ha, gi lnh
sau Dientich between 5000 and 20000
6.9 Thng k d liu
6.9.1 Thng k i tng theo mt trng thuc tnh
Trn thanh Menu chn Query/ Caculate Statistics, xut hin hp thoi
- Table: Bng cn thng k.
- Column: Ct cn thng k.
Nhn OK xut hin hp thoi sau
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Table: Tn bng cn thng k.
Column: Trng thuc tnh cn thng k.
Count: S i tng trong bng.
Minimum: Gi tr nh nht trong ct chn.
Maximum: Gi tr ln nht trong ct chn.
- Range: Khong cch gia gi tr ln nht v

nh
nht.
- Sum: Tng ca ct chn.
- Mean: Gi tr trung bnh.
- Variance: Phng sai.
- Standard Deviation: lch chun.
C th thng k lp d liu t ca s Statistics. Khi lp c chn thng
k s t ng thng k tng, trung bnh ca trng . bt ca s Statistics,
trn thanh Menu chn Option/ Show Statistics Window. Ch cn cc i tng ca
lp no c chn th s thng k cho cc i tng c chn .
Dng Record Selected c ngha s i tng c chn trong lp Table.

6.9.2 Thng k bng lnh SQL Select
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Gi s ti mun thng k din tch, dn s ca cc huyn trong tnh ng Nai.

Trong trng hp ny ti ch chn cc trng sau: huyen, danso, dientich. Cc
trng ny s c thay th bng ting Vit. Mun thng k ton b th hp thoi
where Condition b trng. Hm Count (*) dng xc nh s lng i tng c
thuc tnh ging nhau. Mun sp xp theo th t t trn xung th chn trng cn
sp xp trong hp thoi Order by Column.
xut d liu thuc tnh sang dng bng s dng lnh Table/Export, xut
hin hp thoi
Chn lp d liu cn xut, nhn nt Export. Cc nh dng thng c xut

l Dbase DBF (*dbf), Delimited ASCII (*.txt). Nhng mun hin th ting Vit,
chng ta nn chn nh dng *txt.
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Khung Delimiter chn Tab

File Character Set chn kiu nh dng l Window US & W.Europe (ANSI)
nh du chn vo Use First Line for Column Titles s dng tn trng
thuc tnh lm thng tin cho bng c xut. Nu khng nh du chn my tnh
t ly cc ct mt nh trong bng l A, B, C, lm trng thng tin cho bng
c xut.
6.10 Tm kim d liu thuc tnh
Cho php tm kim cc thng tin ca i tng trong mt trng thuc tnh c
th no . Trn thanh Menu chn Query/ Find hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl+F,
xut hin hp thoi sau
- Search Table: Tm kim thuc tnh
t lp d liu no.
- For Objects in Column: Trng
thuc tnh cn tm kim.
- Mark with Symbol: Biu tng hin
th khi i tng c tm thy.
- Find in Front Window Only: Khi nh du chn vo lnh ny th ch tm
cho cc lp ang hin hnh trn ca s.
OK, xut hin hp thoi ng nhp thuc tnh cn tm
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Nhp chui cn tm trong trng thuc tnh chn (dng u tin).

Respecify: Quay li hp thoi trc .
OK chng trnh tm kim thuc tnh cn tm.
Khi nhp sai my tnh s bo Exact match not found, chng trnh t ng tm
cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng cho php chng ta ty chn.
6.11 Tm kim cc i tng c chn

Trn thanh menu chn Query/ Find Select. Lnh ny ch thc hin c khi
cc i tng trn lp d liu cn tm kim c chn.
Khi chn cc i tng m nu cc i tng c chn khng thy hin th
trn mn hnh chng ta s dng lnh ny tm kim. Thng c s dng khi
s dng lnh truy vn d liu (Query). Lnh ny ch a cc i tng c chn
vo trong mn hnh khi tt c cc i tng c chn khng cn nm trong ca
s lm vic.
Ngoi ra cn lnh Find Address cho php ta tm kim cc a ch trn my ch
Server ca hng MapInfo, y l bn thng mi ca hng MapInfo nn t khi
chng ta s dng lnh ny.
6.12 To bng bo co (Report)
c s dng khi mun in thng tin thuc tnh ca bn . Trn thanh Menu
chn Tool/ Crystal Reports/ New Reports to bng bo co, xut hin hp thoi
sau
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Hp thoi ny cho php chn la bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu to bng

bo co. Trong ca s to bng bo co cho php ta thit k li bng cn in, chn
ca s Design thit k.
Trong hng Page Header chnh sa li Font ch v c th chnh sa sang ting

vit, hng Details chn trng cn hin th. Trong c hai hng Page Header v
Details chng ta c th xa cc trng thuc tnh khng cn thit. Mun xem nh
dng ca bng in chn ca s Preview.
bng in y s dng cc cng c trn thanh Standard thm cc tiu

, bng tm tt, Hyperlink,
m mt bng bo co c sn chn Tool/ Crystal Reports/ Open Report.
6.13 Chnh sa bng thuc tnh
6.13.1Chnh sa cu trc ca bng thuc tnh
Chng ta c th thay i cu trc ca bng thuc tnh. Lnh ny cho php xa,
thm, chnh sa cu trc ca cc trng thuc tnh. ng thi thay i nu khng
mun chng ph thuc vo bn hay lm d liu khng gian n i.
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Maintanace/ Table Structure, xut hin hp thoi
tng ng nh hp thoi Create table, cho php chnh sa cc trng thuc tnh
ca lp d liu.
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6.13.2 Xa lp d liu
Phn ny cho php xa lp d liu c chn ra khi th vin lu v ra khi
ca s chng trnh v khng lu trong thng rc. Do phi cn thn vi lnh
ny. Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Maintenance/ Delete Table.
6.13.3 Chnh sa tn lp d liu
Mt lp d liu trong MapInfo bao gm nhiu file cu thnh nn. Do khi
mun di chuyn lp d liu t th vin ny sang th vin khc chng ta but phi
di chuyn ton b cc file cu thnh nn lp d liu , v mi lp d liu c t
nht hai files cu thnh nn do khng th thay i tn ca mt file m phi thay
i ton b tn cc file to nn lp d liu.
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Maintenance/ Rename Table, xut hin hp
thoi cho php chn lp d liu dang m trong chng trnh thay i tn.
6.13.4 n gi lp d liu
Cho php chng ta gim dung lng cha tp tin , phn ny gip chng ta
loi b cc i tng b xa trong qu trnh lm vic. Gm cc phn sau: B cc
i tng dng bng, b cc i tng dng ha hay b c hai phn ny.
Trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Maintenance/ Pack Table, xut hin hp thoi
sau
- Pack Tabular Data: Loi b cc i
tng dng bng.
- Pack Graphic Data: Loi b cc i
tng ha.
- Pack Both Types of Data: Loi b
c i tng dng bng ln ha.
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CHNG VII
TRANG TR BN
7.1 To nhn
7.1.1 Gn nhn t ng
Trn thanh Menu chn Map/ Layout Control hoc kch phi chut ln mn
hnh ca s ang hin hnh chn Layer Control, xut hin hp thoi
nh du chn vo lp cn gn thuc tnh trong ct Label
. Kch nt Label
hiu chnh cch c nhn trn i tng khng gian.

- Label with: Trng thuc tnh
cn gn nhn.
- Style: Chnh sa Font v khung
hin th.
- Podition: V tr ca nhn trn i
tng.
- Hp thoi Visibility
+ On: Lun hin th nhn.
+ Off: Tt nhn, khi nt gn nhn
s n i.
+ Display within Range: Ch hin th khi mt mc phng mn hnh no
. Khi lnh Min Zoom v Max Zoom s hin th nhp gi tr ti thiu v ti
a hin th nhn khi chng ta phng bn n gi tr Zoom . Nu vt qua
hai gi tr ny th nhn s khng hin th.
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+ Allow Duplicate Text: Ch mt vi nhn ca i tng c gn. Lnh ny

nu phng to bn th cc i tng no m hin th cha c nhn th s gn.
+ Allow Overlapping Text: Tt c cc i tng trn lp s c gn.
+ Label Partial Objects: S hin th nhn nu i tng c hin th trn
bn , mc d ch mt phn nh ca i tng.
+ Maximum Labels: Ch hin th s lng nhn bng vi s chng ta nhp vo
hp thoi ny. Khi s t ly s nhn bng vi s i tng u tin m chng
ta nhp vo u tin trong bng thuc tnh ca i tng cn gn nhn.
- Hp thoi Styles
+ None: Khng hin th ng ch v tr ca nhn.
+ Simple: Hin th ng ch v tr nhn.
+ Arrow: Hin th ng ch v tr nhn c mi tn v tr nhn.
- Hp thoi Position
+ Horizontal Labels: Kiu nhn nm ngang.
+ Rotate labels with segments: Xoay i tng nhng on cong.
+ Curve labels along segment: Nhn un cong theo i tng. Ph hp vi gn
nhn cho cc con sng v ng giao thng.
Trong hp thoi Label with cn c lnh Expression cho php nhp hm xy

dng nhn phc tp cho i tng.
Gi s ta cn nhn sau:
Tn huyn: Vnh Cu, Din tch: 1.653ha th ta nhp nh sau
Tn huyn: + trng thuc tnh ten_huyen+ , + Din tch: + trng
thuc tnh dien_tich.
Cn to nhn sau:
Tn huyn: Vnh Cu
Din tch: 1.653ha
Ta nhp nh sau
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Tn huyn: + trng thuc tnh ten_huyen+ Chr(13)+ Din tch: +

trng thuc tnh dien_tich.
Chr(13) hay Chr(10) trong bng m ANSI c ngha l xung hng v canh
gia.
Ngoi ra cc bn c th s dng cc hm chc nng trong nt lnh s xung
Functions xy dng cc biu thc cho nhn.
6.2.1 Gn nhn th cng
Kch chn biu tng Label
trn thanh Main, kch chn vo i tng cn
gn. Khi cc i tng s gn nhn theo hm m chng ta xy dng trong nt
lnh s xung Label with. Cn nu khng xy dng th s gn theo trng thuc
tnh cha chui u tin trong bng thuc tnh.
Sau khi nhn ca i tng c gn, chng s c gn vo tm ca i
tng . Chng ta c th di chuyn cc nhn ny n v tr thch hp trn bn ,
v nhiu lc tm ca i tng c gn b che khut bi cc i tng ca lp
khc. Cn mun xa nhn ca i tng no , chn nhn ca cc i tng
mun xa nhn phm Delete trn bn phm. Mun khi phc li v tr mc nh
ca nhn (tm i tng), trn thanh Menu chn Map/ Clear Custom Labels (ch
hin khi chng ta di chuyn nhn ca i tng).
7.2 Lin kt nng (Hotlink)
Lnh ny cho php gn i tng theo mt a ch c th no trong my
tnh hay trn mng Internet. Khi thi hnh lnh ny, chng trnh s c a ch
c lin kt vi i tng trn bn .
T ca s Layout Control, chn nt lnh Hotlink
thoi sau
, xut hin hp
Nhn nt Add a vo trng thuc tnh cha cc Link lin kt.
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- Filename Expression: Trng thuc tnh cn lin kt.

- File locations are relative to table location: nh du vo y t v tr
file lin kt n cc i tng trn bn .
- Activate HotLink on: t kiu lin kt vi i tng gm: nhn ca i
tng (Labels), i tng (Objects) hoc lin kt vi c i tng v nhn ca n
(Labels & Objects).
Nhn OK hon tt qu trnh chn trng thuc tnh lin kt. Ch trng
ny phi cha y a ch lin kt, k c phn m rng. V d ti s lin kt
mt a ch trn my tnh v mt a ch trn mng.
a ch trn my tnh s l: file:///D:/Relax/Images/Binh Phuoc/Dot
2/DSCF0418.jpg cho i tng l huyn Vnh Cu.
a ch trn mng s l http://gis.hcmuaf.edu.vn/ cho i tng l huyn nh
Qun..
trn thanh Main, ch vo i tng huyn Vnh
S dng cng c HotLink
Cu s c a ch c lin kt.
Nu ch vo huyn nh Qun th s c a ch lin kt l B mn Thng tin

a l ng dng H Nng Lm Tp.HCM.
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7.3 Biu din tm, node v hng v ca i tng

T ca s Layout Cotrol, kch chn nt Display
, xut hin hp thoi
- Style Override: Kiu biu din i tng. Phn

ny khng cn chn.
- Zoom Layering: t t l phng nh nht
(Min. Zoom), t l phng ln nht (Max. Zoom).
- Show Line Direction: Biu din hng v i
tng. Rt ph hp cho lp ng giao thng, lp
thy vn khi chng s xc nh c hng
ng mt chiu, hng chy ca cc con sng t
xc nh v tr canh tc ph hp.
- Show Node: Biu din cc node to i tng.
- Show Centroid: Biu din tm i tng.
7.4 Xy dng bng ch thch

7.4.1 Bng lnh Create Legend
Lnh ny s to bng ch thch cho tt c cc lp ang hin th trn trang ca
s c kch hot. Ch c tc dng khi chng ta phi mu cho cc i tng
ca mi lp theo mt trng thuc tnh chung no , nu cha phi mu th bng
ch thch to ra lp dng khng mu nh trn bng . u im ca cch to
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bng ch thch ny l cc thng tin ch gii ca cc lp c trnh by trong mt

khung ca bng ch gii.
Chn tt c cc lp cn to bng ch thch trn mt ca s, hy chc chn cc
lp cn to bng ch thch c phi mu. Trn thanh Menu chn Map/ Create
Lengend, xut hin hp thoi:
- From Map: Cc lp bn trn ca s cn to bng ch thch.

- Layers: Nhng lp cha a vo to bng ch thch.
- Legend Frames: Cc lp d liu a vo to bng ch thch.
- Add: a lp d liu vo khung tobng ch thch.
- Remove: Thot lp d liu to bng ch thch.
- Up, Down: V tr ca cc lp d liu trong bng ch thch.
Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi
- Hp thoi Legend Properties
+ Window Title: Tn ca ca s
bng ch thch.
+ Scroll Bars: Thanh cun.
+ Portrait: Kiu khung ca s theo
chiu dc.
+ Landscape: Kiu khung ca s
theo chiu ngang.
- Hp thoi Style Sample Size

+ Small: Ch nh.
+ Large: Ch ln.
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- Hp thoi Legend Frame Defaults

+ Title Pattern: Tiu ca bng ch thch.
+ Style Name Pattern: Chnh tn cho cc i tng hin th. Nu mun hin
th tt c th nguyn du %.
+ Subtitle Parttern: Tiu ph ca bng ch thch. Phn ny nn trng,
sau khi to xong bng ch thch s to sau cho tng lp.
+ Border Style: nh du chn vo to khung cho bng ch thch, kch vo
nt
chnh vin v mu sc khung hin th.
+
Font: Chnh Font tng ng cho cc v tr.

- Legend Frames: Chn lp d
liu cn trnh by bn phi.
- Title: Tiu cho lp c
chn bn tri.
- Subtitle: Tiu ph ca lp
c chn bn tri.
- Hp thoi Styles from:

+ Uniue map styles: Ly gi tr theo trng c chn phi mu. Lnh ny
c chn s c trng trng vi Label styles with th bng mu c phi
mi c tc dng.
+ Unique values in column: Ly gi tr t mt trng no trong bng thuc
tnh ca lp c chn bn tri. Thng t s dng lnh ny.
- Label Styles with: Nhn ca trng c gn ca lp c chn bn
tri.
Nhn Finish hon tt, chng trnh s to ra ca s ca bng ch thch v
Menu Legend
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Mun thm vo bng ch thch cc lp d liu cha a vo trn thanh Menu

chn Legend/ Add Frame, xut hin hp thoi
Cc bc ny tng t nh qu trnh to bng ch thch.

Khi bng ch thch c to ra nhng trong qu trnh lm vic di chuyn
cc lp ca bng ch thch chng ta c th khi phc li ca s ca bng ch thch
ny, trn thanh Menu chn Legend/ Refesh, xut hin hp thoi
- Refesh Styles: Qut li cc lp d liu c thay i v khung hin th. Khi

cch hin th mi s thay th cho cch hin th c. Gi s khi ti thay i mu
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hin th ca mt i tng trn bn th khi chn Refesh Styles s thay i mu

hin th cho i tng .
- Refesh Alignment: Canh hng cho bng ch thch tnh theo mp nhn.
- Refesh Layout: Chuyn i cch hin th gia trang nm ngang v trang dc.
- Refesh Style Sample Size: Chnh c ch cho lp ch thch.
Trong trng hp cha ph hp vi yu cu, chng ta c th chnh sa li
thuc tnh ca chng, chn lp cn chnh sa li trn thanh Menu chn Legend/
Properties hoc kch p chut vo lp ch thch cn chnh sa, xut hin hp
thoi sau
- Hp thoi Frame cho php chnh sa li tiu (Title), tiu ph

(Subtitle), khung (Border style) v Font ch tng ng cho tiu chnh v tiu
ph.
- Hp thoi Styles cho php chnh sa li thng tin m t ca cc i tng
(Edit selected text here) v Font ch cho thng tin m t cc i tng hin th.
Mun xa mt lp thuc tnh no chn lp cn xa, trn thanh Menu chn
Legend/ Delete. C th kch phi chut hoc nhn phm Delete.
Mun thay i tn hin th ca s bng ch thch, kch p vo vng trng
(khng c lp no ca bng ch thch), xut hin hp thoi:
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Ngoi ra chng ta c th to nhanh bng ch gii bng lnh Option/ Show

Legend Window.
7.4.2 Lnh Create Thematic Map
Lnh Create Thematic Map cn c gi l lnh to bn chuyn , theo
mt ch no nh bn hin trng, bn chy rng, bn t,
Lnh ny xy dng bng ch thch khi bn cha phi mu. Trn thanh
Menu chn Map/ Create Thematic Map, xut hin hp thoi sau:
Chn Individual
Nu bn cn in mu th chn cc lnh Region Indvalue Default, Region
Indvalue Qualitative Light and Dark hay Region Indvalue Qualitative Pastel cho
cc i tng dng vng, Line Indvalue Default cho cc i tng dng ng,
Point Indvalue Default cho cc i tng dng im, cn in trng en chn
Region Indvalue, Black and White cho i tng dng vng, Line Indvalue, Black
and White cho i tng dng ng, Point Indvalue, Black and White cho i
tng dng im. Ngoi ra khi xy dng bng ch thch, nu chng ta lu li bng
th s xut hin trong hp thoi ny:
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+ Table: Lp cn to bng ch thch

+ Field: Trng to ch thch
- Preview: Xem trc bng hin th.
- Number of Columns: S ct trong
bng ch thch.
- Legend Label Order
+ Ascending: Sp xp tng dn theo
bng k t.
+ Descending: Sp xp gim dn theo
bng k t.
+ Custom: Sp xp theo ngi s dng.
- Swatch Size
+ Font Size: rng ca font ch trong
bng ch thch theo font chnh trong nt
lnh Legend.
+ Small: Font ch nh.
+
Large:
Font
ch
ln.
- Template
+ Save As: Lu li khun mu ny trong th vin.
+ Merge: Kt hp vi cc khun mu c sn trong th vin.
- Kch nt Styles chnh sa mu.
Kch chn vo nt Style chnh mu li cho i tng.

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Kch vo nt s xung Foreground phi mu.
Mu cn phi l ba mu cn bn gm Red, Green v Blue. Mun phi mu cc

loi t theo quy nh ca b TNMT th chng ta phi c mu ca cc loi t cn
phi. V d: mu ca m t ONT l R: 255, G: 170, Blue: 160. bng mu ca cc
loi t nm trong phn ph lc ca cun sch ny.
- Kch chn nt Legend thay i font ch, tn bng
- Khung Legend
+ Title: Tiu bng ch thch (cp I).
+ Subtitle: Tiu ph ca bng ch thch (cp II).
+ Border Style: To khung quanh bng thuc tnh.
- Khung Range Labels
+ Edit selected range here: Chnh sa tn hin th.
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+ Show this Range: Biu din theo tn.

Sau khi xy dng xong bng ch thch, mun chnh sa li chng ta s dng
lnh Map/ Modify Thematics Map.
Ngoi ra cn cc lnh trang tr bn sau:
a. Kiu Ranges
Thng c s dng khi mun m t cc i tng dng s, c khong cch
no nh din tch, dn s. Khi cc i tng nm trong cng mt khong s
c m t ging nhau.
Gi s ti chn kiu biu din l Region Ranges, Transparent Diagonal Lines

in dng trng en.
Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi:
Trong trng hp ny ti s biu din theo trng din tch. Nhn Next tip
tc.
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Nhn vo nt Ranges phn khong cc gi tr cn to mu.
- Method: Cc phng php chia khong gi tr.

+ Equa Count: Chia theo s lng i tng trn bn hay bng thuc tnh.
Gi s ta mun chia x nhm gi tr v c An i tng trn bn th khong gi
tr c tnh nh sau:
n=
An
x
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+ Equa Ranges: Chia cc khong gi tr ging nhau. Gi s ta mun chia x

nhm gi tr v cc gi tr trong trng cn tnh giao ng t A1 n An th khong
gi tr ca mt nhm c tnh nh sau:
n=
An A1
x
+ Natural Break: To cc khong bng cch s dng tr s trung bnh ca tng

khong phn b d liu u hn qua trong khong.
+ Standard Deviation: Khong gia s ngt trung bnh gi tr ca khong
trn v khong di khong gia l lch chun trn v di s trung bnh.
+ Quantile: Cho php xy dng cc khong xc nh s phn b ca bin
chuyn qua cc on d liu.
+ Custom: Chia theo cch ca ngi s dng. Chng ta nn s dng phng
php ny phn chia. Trong phng php ny cho php ta xc nh cn di
(Min) v cn trn (Max) ca mi nhm m khng tun theo quy lut no c.
- # of Ranges: S nhm cn chia.
- Recalc: Tnh ton li nu chng ta la chn li cc phng php chia nhm
hay s nhm.
b. Kiu Charts (Bar Chart, Pie Chart)
Thng c s dng khi mun so snh cc trng thuc tnh vi nhau ca
i tng. V d nh mun so snh t l nam n, din tch rng b ln chim v
din tch rng cn li.
Nhn Next xut hin hp thoi sau
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- Table: Lp d liu cn to.

- Fields from Table: S trng thuc tnh cn to biu . Chn trng cn
to biu sau nhn nt Add a cc ct cn to vo hp thoi Fields for
Pie/Bar Chart.
c. Kiu Graduated
M t i tng thng qua mt biu tng no . Khi cc i tng khc
nhau s c m t qua cc biu tng mc ln khc nhau.
Gi s ti mun m t theo trng dn s
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Chng ta c th ci t li gi tr ln nht ca nhm. Loi m t i tng ny

ch c ba nhm, nhm th hai c gi tr ln nht chia i, nhm thp nht thng
nh gp mi ln nhm ln nht.
y c m t nh sau: cc i tng nh hn gi tr nh nht s m t
theo biu tng ca gi tr nh nht, cc i tng c gi tr t gi tr nh nht n
gi tr trung bnh th m t theo biu tng ca gi tr th hai v cc i tng ln
hn gi tr quy nh ca nhm ln nht s m t biu tng ca nhm ln nht.
d. Kiu Dot Density
M t i tng bng s lng biu tng du chm. Cch tnh s lng biu
tng m t cho i tng: gi s i tng A c tr s cn biu th l B v mi
biu tng m t tng ng l x th s biu tng cn m t cho i tng A l
n=
B
x
Kiu m t ny thun li cho vic xc nh phn b dn s, tr lng rng,

qun th loi,
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Kch chn nt Setting ci t gi tr cho mt biu tng, mu sc, kch

thc ca biu tng.
e. Kiu Grid
Thng c s dng khi mun m t bn m phng a hnh, ni suy d
liu. Khi s to ra mt tp tin c phn m rng l *.mig

- Table: Lp cn m t bng tp tin
dng li.
- Field: Trng ly gi tr to tp
tin dng li.
- Select a Table of Boundaries to
Clip Against: Chn lp gii hn ca tp
tin li c to ra.
- Grid File Name: ng dn lu
tp tin dng li. Nhn nt Browse
tm kim th vin lu tp tin dng li
c to ra.
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Nhn nt Setting ci t kch thc ca mt trong li t c CellSize l

bao nhiu.
Interpolator: Phng php ni suy gm TIN v IDW
Nhn OK hon tt qu trnh to tp tin dng li. Khi tao c tp tin dng
li chng ta c th xem chng dng 3D bng cch s dng lnh Map/ Creat 3D
Map, xut hin hp thoi:
- Hp thoi Camera: V tr ca
quan st gm
+ Horizontal Angle: Gc nhn
ngang.
+ Vertical Angle: Gc nhn ng.
- Hp thoi Light
+ V tr v cao ca ngun sng trong cc X, Y, Z.
+ Color dng chn mu ca ngun sng.
- Hp thoi Appearance
+ Units: n v khong cch. Chnh gi tr ny trng vi n v ca ng
bnh , nu khng phi ng bnh th chn none.
+ Resolution: Khai bo phn gii ca nh 3D theo chiu ngang v chiu
rng. Thng s ny cng ln phn gii s cao nhng my tnh s chy chm
hn.
+ Scale: phng i chiu cao.
+ Background Color: Chn mu nn.
Khi trn thanh MenuBar s c thm Menu 3DWindow cho php ta chnh
sa hin th, gc xoay, biu din dng li ca bn dng 3D.
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- Refresh Texture: Thay i li cu trc ca

tp tin 3D nu c chnh sa t ca s.
- Clone View: Xem thm mt ca s ca trang
3D.
- Previous View: Quay li ln xem trc.
- View Entire Layer: Xem ton b ca s 3D.
- Viewpoint Control: Chnh sa gc xoay (Rotate), gc nhn (View) v
phng i (Zoom) ca ca s 3D.
- Wire Frame: Xem dng li.

- Properties: Chnh sa li v tr quan st, n v, phn gii ca tp tin 3D.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th to tp tin dng 3D, nhng biu din dng hnh lng
tr. Gi s ti mun biu din din tch ca tnh ng Nai. Trn Menu chn Map/
Create Prism Map, xut hin hp thoi:
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- Hp thoi Choose Layer and

Column:
+ Layer: Lp cn to.
+ Column: Trng thuc tnh ly
gi tr cn to.
- Hp thoi Appearance: Chnh
mu nn (Background Color) v mu sng
(Light Color).
- Hp thoi Camera: Gc nhn
ngang (Horizontal) v gc nhn ng
(Vertical).
Nhn OK chng trnh to ca s Prism v Menu 3DWindow.
Menu 3DWindow
- Refesh Texture: Thay i hin th khi thay i gi tr trong trng to Prism.

Khi gi tr mi s th ch v gi tr c s mt i.
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- Clone View: Ti sinh mt ca s ging ca s ang kch hot.

- Previuos View: Quay li cch hin th trc .
- View Entire Layer: Xem ton b i tng hin th trn ca s.
- Viewpoint Control: Kim sot phng, gc quay ca ca s Prism.
- Wire Frame: Biu din di dng li.

- Properties: Chnh trng biu din, t l phng, mu nn v mu sng cho
ca s Prism.
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CHNG VIII
IN BN
8.1 To khung, li v hng

Phn ny ch yu tp trung vo vic to li, hng v to thc t l cho bn
. Ngoi ra vn cn mt s phn khc c trnh by k trong phn m rng.
Trn thanh Menu chn Tool/ Run MapBasic Program
- Gridmakr: To li.
- NorthArrow: Hng.
- ScalBar: Thanh t l.
Cc ng dng Mapbasic cn li thng c s dng ti s trnh by trong
chng sau
8.1.1 To li
Kch chn vo biu tng Create Grid
trn thanh Tool. V khung cn to
li bng cch r chut bao quanh bn cn to li, xut hin hp thoi sau:
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- Hp thoi Object Types

+ Closed Regions: Hin th li dng cc vung.
+ Straight Polylines: Hin th li dng ng thng. Nn chn kiu hin th
ny v chng ta c th ly thuc tnh ca lp li to nhn ta cho bn .
- Hp thoi Object style
+ Regions: Cch hin th li theo dng vng. Phn ny khng nn chn.
+ Polylines: Cch hin th li theo dng ng. Nn chn lnh ny nu mun
ly ta li.
- Spacing between lines: Khong cch gia cc ng thng hay chiu
rng ca li.
- Smoothness: S node trn mt on thng gia hai on li k nhau.
Nu chng mun ct li ny ra th nn chn gi tr l 0.
- New Table: ng dn n th vin lu tp tin. Kch chn vo nt lnh
Browse chn th vin cn lu.
- Projection: H quy chiu ca li.
Khi nhn OK, xut hin hp thoi
Hp thoi trn c ngha li c to ra c 456 li.

8.1.2 Gn nhn cho li
Sau khi chng ta to li cho bn th bng thuc tnh ca lp li s c
trng thuc tnh l ta ca cc im li. Ta s dng cng c ny lm nhn
cho li. Nu s dng phng php gn nhn t ng th nhn s c gn vo v
tr trung im ca cc on thng to li. Do nn s dng phng php to
li th cng.
Chn Map/ Layout Control, chn lp li, kch chn nt Label. Trong hp
thoi ny, dng lnh s xung Label with: chn trng Degree hay DMS.
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Ch : to bn chuyn nghip hn nn s dng phng php to nhn

ring bit bng cch to ra mt lp nhn sau nh th cng vo, nh vy nhn
b cc bn s p hn. Ngoi ra c th s dng cng c Labeler trong th vin
Tools ca chng trnh trch nhn sang mt lp mi sau chnh sa li.
8.1.3 To hng
Kch chn biu tng NorthArrow
. Chn khu vc cn c hng bng
cch kch chut ti v tr hoc qut vng cn to hng.
La chn cc biu tng hng ty thch v chnh sa chng. Ch khi to

xong hng cho bn , mun di chuyn hng n mt v tr khc th chng ta
phi chn lp Cosmetics Layer v hng c to ra nm trong lp ny.
Ngoi ra chng ta cng c th s dng biu tng im sau thay font hin
th bng cc loi nh dng hng. S dng cng c Points
trn thanh
Drawing, chn v tr cn c hng. Kch p vo v tr im va chn, chn li
Style ca im bng th vin Symbol MapInfo Arrow.
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8.1.4 To thanh t l
Kch chn vo biu tng Scale
. Chn vng cn t thc t l vo
- Width of scale bar: Chiu di ca thc.

- Units: n v ca thc t l.
- Width to Height Ratio: rng ca thc t l.
8.2 To trang in
Phn ny thng c s dng khi chng ta hon tt cc thao tc trn bn .
Window/ New Layout Window
- One Frame for Window: To trang
in t cc i ang m.
- Frames for all currently open
windows: To trang in t nhng i tng
ang hin th.
- No Frame: Khng to, ch c trang giy trng.
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Thanh Menu Layout
- Change Zoom: Chnh t l phng ca trang in.
Nhp t l phng vo hp thoi Zoom. n v y l phn trm, tc l t l

phn trm so vi kh giy thc ca trang in. Gi tr cn nhp t 6,3% n 800%.
Chng ta c th s dng s t 1 n 8 trn bn phm phng ca s bn .
- View Actual Size: Xem t l kh giy thc (t l 100%).
- View Entire Layer: Xem ton b trang in trn ca s.
- Privious View: Xem li t l phng pha trc .
- Bring to Front: Cho php mang mt i tng c chn bn di ln trn
cng, hay cn gi l chng lp cc khung v khung chn nm trn cng.
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- Sent to Back: a i tng c chn xung di cng, tt b cc khung

khc nm chng ln.
- Align Objects: Canh dng cho cc khung, on text.
+ Canh theo chiu ngang (Horizontal) v canh theo chiu ng (Vertical) ca

cc i tng c chn.
+ Selected Objects: Cc i tng c chn s canh theo Don't change
(khng i), Align left edges of (Canh tri theo l), Align center of (canh gia),
Align right edges of (Canh phi theo l) hay Distribute (Nm ri rc).
+ with Respect to: Canh theo mi i tng khc (Each other) hay canh theo
trang Layout.
- Create Drop Shadow: To bng cho khung chn. Phn ny t c s
dng.
+ Horizonal: Khong cch bng cch i tng chn theo chiu ngang.
+ Vertical: Khong cch bng cch i tng chn theo chiu ng.
- Option: Chnh sa s lng trang in v cch hin th ca trang Layout.
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+ Show Rulers: Thc ca trang Layout.

+ Show Page Breaks: ng vin gia 2 t giy.
+ Hp thoi Show frame contents
Always: Lun lun hin th ni dung cha
trong khung.
Only when Layout Window is Active: Ch
hin th cc lp d liu c kch hot.
Never: Khng bao gi hin th.
+ Hp thoi Layout Size
Width: Chiu rng. Tnh theo s lng giy in.
Height: Chiu cao. Tnh theo s lng giy in. Khi ly hai gi tr ny
nhn li th tng chnh l tng s trang giy trnh by.
+ AutoScroll: Thanh cun ca ca s trang Layout.
Trong trng hp ca s bn in b lch khng nm hon ton trong trang
Layout, chng ta cn phi di chuyn chng vo gia. lm iu chng ta
khng th di chuyn bn trong trang Layout c m ch thc hin c t
trang Window cha ca s in trong trang Layout. Do c trang Layout v trang
Window nm song song nhau, h tt c cc ca s ang hin hnh, ch li trang
Layout v trang Window, vo Window/ Tile Window, kch hot ca s Window,
s dng cng c Grabber
trn thanh Main, ko bn vo gia.
Mun a thm mt ca s na vo trang in chn nt lnh Frame

trn
thanh Drawing. Ch chng ta ch a vo nhng ca s ang hin hnh trn
trang Window. Lnh ny thng c s dng khi cha chng ta mun a bng
ch thch, s v tr, bng biu, vo bn .
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to bn chuyn nghip, ti s to ra mt bng ch gii ring bit m

khng s dng bng ch gii xy dng t lnh Create Thematic Map hay Create
Lengend. Cch to bng ch gii theo ring ca ngi s dng bng cch to
ring bit thnh mt lp (Table) sau s dng nt lnh Frame a vo trang
Layout. Gi s ti s to ra bng ch gii cho bn hnh chnh tnh ng Nai
gm: Tn huyn, din tch, dn s. u tin vo File/ New Table
Trong hp thoi Create New Table and nh du chn vo Open New Mapper.
Nhn nt Create to bng thuc tnh cho lp ch gii. V y ch l bng ch
gii nn chng ta khng cn quan tm n thuc tnh ca chng, do ch cn to
mt trng thuc tnh g cng c. Gi s ti to trng thuc tnh l chugiai,
kiu Character (5). Phn ny cc bn nn chn h quy chiu nn theo h UMT,
n v l Meters thun tin cho vic to t l cho khung ch gii sau khi a
vo trang Layout.
Nhn nt Create to v lu lp ch gii li, gi s ti lu tn l chugiai.tab

hay Rectangle
v khung, ng vin
S dng cc cng c nh Line
cho khung ch gii. Ch nu s dng cng c Line v khung th nn nhn
phm Shift trn bn phm v cc Line thng hng. V cc biu tng th s
dng cng c Rectangle v cng c Text a vo cc on ch gii.
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Sau khi xy dng xong bng ch gii, tuyt i khng c tt lp ny, v

chng ta ch a c nhng ca s no ang hin hnh. Chuyn sang trang
Layout, chn cng c Frame, qut khu vc cn c v tr cho bng ch gii, xut
hin hp thoi sau:
Chn lp chugiai Map. Chnh t l cho bng ch gii trong hp thoi Map
Scale Options.
Tip theo ti s a s v tr vo trang Layout. Bc ny tng t nh bc
to bng ch gii. Gi s ti s dng bn ton quc lm s v tr.
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Cui cng ta s xy dng c bn nh hnh bn di.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th to trang Layout t lnh Map/ Create Layout from

Template.
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- Map Title: Tn ca s trnh by

(Layout).
- Template: Mu kh giy. Nn chn
theo Mapper Browser chn kh mc
nh c ci t t lnh Option/
Preferences.
- Map Scale: T l bn . Nn chn
Same zoom width as on map.
- Zoom Layer: phng ca cc lp. Nn chn Show Layers Currently
Visible.
- Highlight Current Selection on Layout: Hin th v tr ni bt trn trang
Layout. Thng l cc i tng c chn trn bn . Khi cc i tng ni
bt ny s c lu trong lp Cosmetic Layer. Mun lu li cc i tng ny
thnh mt lp mi th trn thanh Menu chn Map/ Save Cosmetic Objects. Ngoi
ra nu mun b chn cc i tng ni bt ny th trn thanh Menu chn Map/
Clear Cosmetic Objects.
- View Template: Xem trc trang Layout.
Nhn Next xut hin hp thoi sau:
Chn lp d liu dng bng a vo trang Layout.

8.2.1 Chnh kh giy
Vo lnh File/ Page Setup.
Mc nh ch in ti a n kh giy A3. Do vy nu mun kh A0 chng ta
phi ci t Driver my in kh A0. H iu hnh thng thng tch hp mt s
Driver ca my in kh A0.
8.2.2 Ci t Driver cho my in
Kch chn Start/ Setting/ Control Panel, kch p vo biu tng Printers and
Faxes. Trong ca s Printers and Faxes, kch phi chut chn Add Printer, xut
hin hp thoi Add Printer Wizard, nhn Next hai ln my tnh s tm cc Driver
trong h iu hnh c ci t trong my tnh ca bn. Sau khi tm kim xong,
tip tc nhn Next hai ln, xut hin hp thoi:
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Chn loi my in no c ui PS pha sau. Gi s ti chn hng sn xut l HP

v my in c chn l HP DesignJet 750C/PS. Nhn Next lin tc hon tt ci
t my in.
Sau khi c Driver ca my in th chng ta c th in kh A0.
- Size: Kh giy.
- Portrait: Kh giy ng.
- Landscape: Kh giy ngang.
8.2.3 Chnh t l bn
Kch p vo khung cha ni dung cn chnh t l.
- Bounds (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2): l ta
theo kh giy ca hai im ng
cho ca khung tnh ly t gc bn tri
pha trn ca khung chn.
- Center (X, Y): Ta tm khung
tnh theo ta ca kh giy. H ta
ca trang Layout ngc vi h ta
XOY, trc OY s quay xung di (theo
chiu m ca trc OY trong h ta
Decat.
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- Width, Height: Chiu rng v chiu cao ca trang giy in.

- Map Scale Options: Chnh t l bn . n v ca bn ty thuc vo
vo trang ca s trnh by m trang in cn th hin. Tc l khong cch trong ca
s trnh by (c chnh sa t lnh Map/ Option) phi cng n v vi trang
Layout (c chnh sa t lnh Option/ Preferences).
- Change Map Zoom: Chnh phng ca bn .
- Resize Frame: Chnh phng ca khung cha bn .
- Fill Frame with Contents: Ch cha nhng g bn ca s ca bn nhn
thy c. C ngha l phn no nm ngoi ca s bn s khng nhn thy.
Phn ny nn nguyn theo mc nh.
8.2.4 In bn
Vo lnh File/ Print.
Trong trng hp chng ta cha c sn my in in trc tip, chng ta c th
xut file sang nh dng PDF ca Acrobat Professional. Chc chn rng my tnh
ca bn ci tAcrobat Professional phin bn 7 tr ln, trong hp thoi Print
nh du chn vo Print to file.
Nhn OK, xut hin hp thoi.
c tn cho tp tin cn lu. Nh phi c nh dng *.PS xut tp tin ny

sang Acrobat. Tp tin c lu trong th vin m bn chn lnh File/ Open, hay
th vin m bn ng gi. Trong th vin cha tp tin , kch phi tp tin chn
Convert to Adobe PDF.
Chng trnh t ng chuyn sang nh dng *.pdf
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Sau chn File/ Save lu li. T tp tin ny chng ta c chuyn sang my

khc in m khng cn in trc tip t phn mm MapInfo. Phn ny rt hu
dng i vi cc bn sinh vin ang lm ti, hay tiu lun mn hc.
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CHNG IX
BIU (CHART) V PHN VNG I TNG
9.1 Biu Chart

Trn thanh Menu chn Window/ New Graph Window, xut hin hp thoi sau:
C nhiu loi biu khc nhau, gi s ti chn loi Column v kiu l Clustered.
Nhn Next xut hin hp thoi sau:
- Table: Lp d liu cn to
biu
- Hp thoi Fields
+ Fields from Table: Cc trng
thuc tnh v hm ca lp d liu cha
a vo biu .
+ Fields for Graph: Cc trng
thuc tnh v cc hm xy dng
c a vo biu .
- Add: Thm trng thuc tnh vo biu .

- Remove: Loi b trng thuc tnh ra khi biu .
- Label with Column: Trng thuc tnh lm trc X trong h ta .
- Series in Rows: K hiu theo bng ch dn.
- Series in Colunms: Theo gi tr ca trc X.
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Nhn OK biu xut hin ng thi trn thanh Menu xut hin cng c
Graph.
Chnh sa tng qut biu trn thanh Menu chn Graph/ General Options
a. Tab General
- Overlap: Khong cch gia
cc ct trong biu . Nu gi tr
l 100 th ct u tin v cui
cng s nm ngoi cng ca bin.
- Gap Width: rng ca cc
ct. Nu gi tr ny l 100 th
rng s chia u cho cc ct
tng ng vi rng ca biu
.
- Use Depth
+ Depth: B rng ca phn b che trong ct (khi trc). Nu gi tr l 100 th
bng s hin th ton b.
+ Direction: Gc xoay ca khi trc. Khi phn bng s xoay t 0 n
360 .
0
b. Tab Layout
- Type: Cc kiu biu din ca biu
. Phn ny tng t bc u tin
ca qu trnh to biu .
- Dual Axes: Hin th trc i.
Phn ny t khi s dng.
c. Tab Data Labels
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- Show Data Labels: Biu din

gi tr ca ct.
- Labels Location: V tr ca
nhn so vi ct.
- Label Format: nh dng ca
nhn.
d. Tab Number: Phn ny cho php chnh sa cc nh dng ca s trong

phn Category.
e. Tab DualY Option: Cho php chnh sa s ct gia hai biu . Phn
ny ch hin th khi chn Dual Axes trong Tab Layout.
f. Tab Look: S dng xy dng bng ch gii ca biu .
- Color Mode: Mu ca ct hin
th.
- Show Legend: Hin th bng
ch gii.
- Marker and Text: V tr ca
nhn v biu tng mu.
- Layout: V tr ca nhn so vi biu gm: bn tri, bn phi v pha

di.
- Box Style: Khung ca bng ch gii.
g. Tab Display Status
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- Category Axis: Biu din tn

trng thuc tnh s dng lm biu
.
- Value Axis (Y1): Biu din
nhn ca trc Y.
- Legend: Hin th bng ch gii.
- Data Labels: Hin th gi tr ca cc ct trong biu .

Chnh sa Font ch, kch p i tng cn mun chnh Font hay chn i
tng sau vo lnh Graph/ Formatting, xut hin hp thoi sau.
- Font: Font ca i tng
chn.
- Size: Kch thc, c ch.
- Style: Kiu ch gm: bnh
thng, In nghing, in m, in
nghing v in m.
- Alignment: Sp xp v tr gm:
canh gia, canh tri, canh phi.
- Box: Khung ch. Khi chn lnh ny cc Tab Line v Fill mi hin th
chnh sa mu, vin khung.
- Rotation: Xoay nhn, i tng c chn dng text.
Chnh sa li v t l trn thanh Menu chn Graph/ Grid&Scale
a. Phn trc Y
Tab General
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- Axis on Left: Hin th gi

tr ca trc Y bn tri.
- Axis on Right: Hin th gi
tr ca trc Y bn phi.
- Axis on Both Sides: Hin
th gi tr ca trc Y c hai bn.
- Make this a Descending Axis: Hin th ngc biu , gi tr gc nm bn

trn.
- Show the Axis Line on the Graph: Hin th ng vin ca biu . Ch c
tc dng khi chn Axis on Both Sides.
Tab Scales
- Use Logarithmic Scale on this Axis: Ch ly khong Min, Max v gi tr

gia cho trc Y.
- Always include Zero in this Scale: Ly gi tr 0 cho trc Y.
- Use Manual Setting for: t gi tr ln nht (Maximum Value), nh nht
(Minimum Value) cho trc Y.
Tab Labels
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- Show Labels for this Axis:

Biu din gi tr cho trc X.
- Dont Show Maximum Value
Label: Khng biu din gi tr ln
nht ca trc Y.
- Dont Show Maximum Value
Label: Khng biu din gi tr nh
nht ca trc Y.
Tab Numbers: Biu din cc kiu hin th cho cc i tng mang gi
tr l s (Category).
Tab Grid
Tab Major Gridlines

- Show Gridlines: Biu din li.
- Grid Style: Kiu li.
+ Regular Grid: Ch c li.
+ Grids and Ticks: Li v du li bn tri.
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+ Inner Ticks: Ch c du li bn tri v phi nm bn trong.

+ Outner Ticks: Ch c du li bn tri v phi nm bn ngoi.
+ Spanning Ticks: Ch c du li bn tri v phi nm bn trong v bn
ngoi biu .
- Use Manual Grid: t khong cch gia hai gi tr lin k (Interval
Line).
- Draw Custom Line at: t mt ng ti v tr c bit m ngi s
dng quan tm trn biu . Thng c s dng phn hn. V d nhng
huyn c dn s trn 300.000 ngi th cc huyn thuc nhm ng dn, khi
ti v tr c gi tr l 300.000 s v mt ng i qua.
Tab Minor Gridlines: Biu din cc ng li nhiu hn, ty thuc
vo s lng ngi dng t. Tng t nh Tab Major Gridlines nhng c thm
phn Count Value c s ng gia hai gi tr lin k nhau trn trc Y.
b. Phn trc X
Tab General
- Axis on Bottom: Hin th
gi tr ca trc X pha di.
- Axis on Top: Hin th gi
tr ca trc X pha trn.
- Axis on Both Sides: Hin
th gi tr ca trc Y c hai bn.
Tab Label: Biu din nhn ca trc X.
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Tab Grid: Phn ny tng t nh bn trc Y.
Chnh sa cc on text trong cc mc ca biu chn Graph/ Title.

- Title: Tiu ca biu .
- Subtitle: Tiu cp di.
- Footnote: Li ch gii ca biu . Mc
nh nm bn phi ca biu .
- Category Title: Kiu hng ca trc X.
- Value Title (Y1): Kiu gi tr ca trc Y.
Mun thay i mu ca ct no ch cn kch p vo ct s xut hin hp
thoi thay i mu cho ct .
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- Line: Mu vin cc ct biu din.

- Fill: Mu ca i tng c
chn.
- Pattern: Mu ca ct.
- Gradient: Mu phi theo cp t
m n m dn.
- Texture: Mu theo b mt (mn,
nhm, nhn)
- Picture: Mu th hin thng qua nh.
9.2 Phn vng i tng

Phn nhm i tng bng lnh Redistrict. Lnh ny nhm mc ch nhm
cc i tng ging nhau theo mt trng thuc tnh no . Thng c s
dng khi xy dng bn hin trng s dng t, phn nhm khu vc qun l.
Khi s phi mu cho i tng ging lnh Individual.
- Source: Lp d liu s dng
phn tch.
- District Field: Trng d liu
phn tch.
- Available Fields: Cc ct d
liu a vo bng phn tch. Thng
gm cc trng tng, phn trm ca
cc i tng trong lp d liu phn
tch. Cc i tng nm trong ct ny
cha a vo bng phn tch.
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- Fields to Browse: Cc trng c a vo bng phn tch. Mc nh gm

trng phn tch, trng m, mu ca cc i tng.
- Add: a trng vo bng phn tch.
- Remove: Xa ct trong bng phn tch.
- Column Total: S dng phng php tnh tng cho cc trng thuc tnh.
- Expression: S dng cc hm khc cho cc trng thuc tnh.
Cc trng thng c s dng trong bng phn tch.
- Count: m cc i tng ging nhau theo mt thuc tnh.
- Fill: Mu ca cc thuc tnh.
- Sum (trng thuc tnh): Tng cc gi tr trong trng thuc tnh.
- Pct (trng thuc tnh): T l phn trm ca cc gi tr trong mt trng
thuc tnh.
Mun chnh mu ca thuc tnh no ch cn kch chut vo bng mu ca i

tng cn chnh sa trong trng Fill, xut hin hp thoi.
- Pattern: Mu cn phi mu.
- Foreground: Mu cnh, mu lp trn, thng
l mu vin.
- Background: Mu nn, mu lp di.
- Assign Selected Objects: Chuyn i tng t nhm ny sang nhm khc.
Gi s i tng nhm A chuyn sang nhm B trn menu Redistrict chn
Assign Selected Objects. Chn i tng cn chuyn trong nhm A trn bn , t
bng District Browse chn lp i tng B m i tng nhm A mun chuyn
qua sau vo lnh Assign Selected Objects. Khi din tch ca nhm B s tng
ln, cn nhm A s gim i. Lnh ny ch thc hin c khi bng District c
kch hot.
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- Set Target Dictrict From Map: Gi cc i tng ch t bn thng

qua bng District. Khi i tng ca nhm no c chn th trong bng
District nhm c chn.
- Add District: a vo mt nhm i tng mi.
- Delete District: Xa nhm i tng c chn.
- Option: Sp xp, hin th d liu trong bng District.
- Districts Sort Order: Sp xp
nhm i tng.
+ Most Recently Used: Sp xp
theo nhm i tng va mi s dng.
+ Alphabetical: Sp xp theo th
t ca bng ch ci.
+ Unordered: Khng sp xp.
- Save as Default: Lu li nh dng ny cho ln sau.
- Show Grid Lines: Biu din ng ranh gia cc nhm i tng.
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CHNG X
PHN M RNG
Cc chng trnh m rng ny c nh sn xut xy dng sn ny trong th

vin ca chng trnh trn nn ca chng trnh lp trnh Mapbasic. chy
chng trnh, vo lnh Tool/ Tool Manager, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Tools: Cc chng trnh m rng ca MapInfo.

- Loaded: Ch chy chng trnh mt ln khi m MapInfo.
- Autoload: T ng chy chng trnh mi khi bt chng trnh MapInfo.
- Add Tool: Thm cng c.
- Edit Tool: Chnh sa li tn, ng dn v thng tin m t ca cng c .
- Remove Tool: Xa cng c ra khi hp thoi Tools.
- Description: M t cng c c ng dng nh th no.
10.1 Auto Labels
T ng gn nhn cho lp d liu c chn. Lnh ny tng t nh gn nhn
cho i tng trong hp thoi Layer Control. Trn thanh Menu chn
Tool/AutoLabels/Draw AutoLabels, xut hin hp thoi:
- Label Layer: Lp d liu cn gn nhn.
- Allow overlapping labels: Tt c cc i
tng u c gn.
- Allow duplicate labels: To mt bn sao
ging nhn ca i tng.
Nhc im ca lnh ny l lp nhn khng th chnh sa c.
10.2 Concentric Ring Buffers
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Phn ny cho chng ta to vng m dng lan truyn theo mt ng knh no

. Thng c s dng xc nh mc nhim khng kh phn tn theo
cp knh. Chn i tng cn to vng m, trn thanh Menu chn Tool/
Concentric Ring Buffer/ Create Concentric Ring Buffers, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Hp thoi Individual Ring
Buffer Radii:
+ Radius: Bn knh vng m.
+ Add Ring: Thm cp vng m.
+ Modify Ring: Chnh sa li cp
vng m chn.
+ Delete Ring: Xa cp vng m
chn.
+ Clear All: Xa tt c cc cp vng m.
- Hp thoi All Ring Buffers:
+ Units: n v ca bn knh to vng m.
+ Use these styles: S dng cch hin th c iu chnh t hai nt lnh bn
cnh:
mu i tng,
Vin khung i tng.
+ Use selected objects styles: S dng cch hin th ca i tng c chn.
+ Smoothness: S cnh ca vng m bao quanh im c to vng m.
- Hp thoi Name and Path og Table to Store the Buffers In
+ Table name: Tn lp d liu xut kt qu to vng m.
+ Path: Chnh li th vin lu tp tin xut kt qu to vng m.
10.3 Coordinate Extractor

Chng trnh ny cho php chng ta xc nh ta tm ca i tng
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- Table name: Tn lp d liu cn xut

ta tm ca cc i tng.
- X, Y column: Trng thuc tnh cha
ta X, Y ca cc i tng.
- Create new columns to hold
coordinates: To trng thuc tnh xut
ta X, Y ca cc i tng. Nn s dng
trong trng hp bng thuc tnh cha c
cc trng xut ta .
- Use Tables Native Projection: S dng h quy chiu ca lp cn xut ta
tm ca cc i tng.
- Use Non Native Projection: S dng h quy chiu khc.
- Browse Results: Hin th bng kt qu (bng thuc tnh).
Thng c s dng khi chng ta mun xc nh tm tha.
10.4 Create Line by Length
c s dng khi mun v ranh tha ca cc i tng. y l chng trnh
mi ch xut hin trong cc phin bn sau ny ca MapInfo. Sau khi i o v
ngoi thc a chng ta s da vo gc phng v v ta cc gc th c th xc
nh c ranh tha ca i tng. Kch chn cng c
trn thanh Tools, sau
kch tri chut ln trang ca s, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Starting X, Y: Ta X, Y ca ranh tha mun
v.
- Angle: Gc xoay ca on thng cn v.
- Length: Chiu di on thng cn v (c nt
iu chnh n v pha sau).
- Customize interpretation of angle values: To
gc quay theo ngi s dng.
- An entry of 0 denote a trigonometric angle
of: Gc xoay l 0 s thay th cho gc bao nhiu .
- From 0, angle should increase:
+ Clockwise: Gc xoay theo chiu kim ng h.
+ Counterclockwise: Ngc chiu kim ng h.
- Create Line: To on thng.
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- Create Polyline: To ng thng gp khc.

- After drawing, move starting poing to end of new line: Sau khi v xong s
t ng chuyn v tr ca im khi u ca on thng tip theo n im cui
ca on thng trc.
- Close dialog after drawing line: Tt hp thoi sau khi v xong on
thng.
10.5 Degree Converter
Chuyn i h ta di dng thp phn sang h , pht, giy v ngc li.
ngoi ra cn cho php xc nh ta cu ca cc i tng trn bn . Phn ny
ch cho chuyn cc lp d liu khng cha im. Trn thanh Menu chn Tool/
Degree Convert.
Chuyn sang dng pht giy chn Convert Column to DMS, xut hin hp
thoi
- Table: Lp d liu cn chuyn.
- Get Decimal Degree value from:
Trng cha gi tr ta dng thp phn.
y phi l trng dng s.
- Store results In: Trng xut kt qu.
Trng ny phi dng Character.
- Results Separator: Du cch khong
gia cc gi tr , pht giy.
- Browse Results: Hin bng kt qu.
- Decimal Seconds: Hin du cch ca gi tr giy.
Chuyn sang dng thp phn chn Convert Column to Decimal Degrees, xut
hin hp thoi sau
- Table: Lp d liu cn chuyn.
- Get Deg,Min,Sec value from:
Trng cha gi tr ta dng pht
giy. y phi l trng dng Character.
- Store results In: Trng xut kt
qu. Trng ny phi dng s.
- Results Separator: Du cch khong thp phn.
- Browse Results: Hin bng kt qu.
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Chuyn i qua li gia hai nh dng ny chn Longlats Calculator/ Convert

Coords, xut hin hp thoi sau
- From degrees-minutes-seconds to
decimal degrees: Chuyn i t pht
giy sang dng thp phn.
- From decimal degrees to degreesminutes-seconds : Chuyn i t thp phn
sang dng pht giy.
- Coodinates, in degrees-minutesseconds: Nhp gi tr pht giy nu
mun chuyn sang dng thp phn.
- Coodinates, in decimal degrees: Nhp gi tr pht giy nu mun chuyn
sang dng thp phn .
Nhn nt Convert thi hnh lnh. Khi bn gc phi mn hnh xut hin
hp thoi thng bo gi tr chuyn l bao nhiu
10.6 Distance Calculator

Tnh khong cch gia cc i tng trn mt lp d liu n cc i tng
trn mt lp d liu khc. S dng phng php tnh theo ng chim bay. Khi
chng s tnh khong cch ngn nht gia hai i tng ch khng phi
gia hai tm ca i tng. Trn thanh Menu chn Tool/ Distance Calculator/ Run
Distance Calculator, xut hin hp thoi sau:
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- Select a map window to view: Chn ca s xem.

- Select a table to calculate the distance from (origin): Chn lp d liu
mun tnh khong cch n cc i tng ca lp khc (v tr u, gc).
- Select an indentifying column for the objects from the origin table: Chn
ct xc nh c trng ca i tng (im u ti v tr no)
- Select a table to calculate the distance to (Destination): Chn lp d liu
mun tnh khong cch n (im cui).
- Select a column to identify the destination objects: Chn ct xc nh
c trng ca v tr cui.
- SET CRITERIA FOR DESTINATION: t iu kin cho im cui.
+ Ignore distance of 0: Khng n cc khong cch bng 0.
+ Find the closest point: Tm cc im gn nht trc.
+ Find the farthest point: Tm cc im xa nht trc.
+ Use the following criteria: S dng iu kin cho cc v tr cui.
+ Enter the number og distances to find: S i tng cn tm ti lp d liu
n. Gi tr ny s ly cc i tng theo th t trong bng thuc tnh.
+ Select the units to display distance: n v tnh khong cch.
- Clear Results: Xa bng kt qu.
- Save Results: Lu bng kt qu.
- Calculate Distance: Thc hin lnh tnh khong cch.
10.7 Labeler
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Trch nhn ca cc i tng sang mt lp khc thun tin cho vic qun l
bn . Lnh ny c tc dng khi chng ta mun sao lu li nhn ca i tng
m nhn c xy dng bng cc hm rt kh nh hay qu di. Hn na sau khi
trch nhn th chng ta c th chnh sa c cc lp nhn ny nh cc i tng
dng text. Trn thanh Menu chn Tool/ Label Funtion/ Transfer Labels, xut hin
hp thoi sau
- From Layer: Lp c trch nhn.
- To Layer: Lp c chn lu li lp
nhn. Nu xut sang mt lp mi th chn
<New>.
- Include Hidden Labels: Bao gm cc
nhn b n.
trong hp thoi Layer Control

Sau khi xut nhn xong th biu tng Label
s b n i v lp nhn s th ch cho nhn ca lp .
10.8 Line Snap Tool
Ct cc i tng dng ng. Lnh ny thng c dng sa li cc nh
dng ng thng. Khi n s ct phn on thng tha ca phn sau trong qu
trnh v ng thng . Thng c s dng trong qu trnh chnh sa lp giao
, chn
thng, thy vn. Trn thanh cng c Tool chn cng c Line Snap Tool
i tng dng ng mun ct sau chn i tng ct. Hai ng thng ct
nhau th s b on ca ng cn ct, cn nu hai ng thng khng ct
nhau th t ng di chuyn cc im u v im cui n phng cha ng
thng ct .
10.9 Name Views: Lu cc nh dng t l phng ca ca s

Lnh ny c tc dng khi mun t ca s nhn i tng no , chng ta ch
cn lu li nh dng ny ri sau ch cn gi tn v tr th ca s s t ng
c v v tr trc khi lu, rt hu ch khi mun xem cc i tng khc nhau
nhng khng th hin ht trn ca s bn . Gi s ti mun xem tnh Qung
Ngi ri mun xem Tp. H Ch Minh, ti v tr tnh Qung Ngi ti s t mt tn,
sau qua v tr Tp. H Ch Minh ti t mt tn khc, gi mun tr li xem tnh
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Qung Ngi ch cn chn li tn lu trc th ca s s n v tr lu cho

tnh Qung Ngi. Trn thanh cng c Tool chn cng c Name View
hin hp thoi sau
, xut
+ Reset: Xa ton b cc t l phng v v tr ca ca s bn .

+ Add: Thm vo mt t l phng v v tr ca ca s bn . Khi chng
trnh t ng ly t l phng bn hin ti ca ca s .
+ Delete: Xa mt t l phng v v tr ca ca s bn .
+ GoTo: Thi hnh lnh n t l phng v v tr ca ca s bn .
+ Done: Hon tt lnh.
10.10 Register Vector Utility
ng k li v tr mi cho mt lp d liu. Lnh ny thc hin tnh tin cc i
tng trn bn v mt v tr mi da vo mt lp d liu khc. Thng c s
dng khi bn ti mt a phng c th nhng li s ha ti hai v tr c ta
khc nhau. Trn thanh Menu Tool chn Register Vector/ Register Vector Map,
xut hin hp thoi sau:
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- Select the Table you wish to transform: Chn lp d liu mun tnh tin
- Select the Control point you wish to place or alter: Chn im khng ch
trn lp d liu cn tnh tin, gm c ba im khng ch. t cc im khng ch
vo trong bn bng cch nhn nt lnh Place Control Point (tn im). Khi
cc im khng ch s xut hin bn phi hp thoi. chnh xc nn chn ch
bt im Snap chn cc node.
- Select the Map Window you wish to reference: Chn lp d liu lp d
liu trn tham kho tham s tnh tin.
- Select the reference point you wish to place or alter: Chn cc im tham
kho tng ng vi cc im khng ch. Khi cc im khng ch s tnh tin
tng ng n v tr ca cc im ny. Kch nt Reference point (tn im) c
cc im tham kho. Khi s xut hin bn phi ca hp thoi ny.
Nhn Finish hon tt, khi chng trnh s ch nh r tp tin cn c
lu li. Chng ta c th lu ln tp tin cn c tnh tin.
10.11 Rotate Labels
Xoay nhn ca i tng. Phn ny ch s dng c cho lp nhn t lnh
Layer Control. Trn thanh Menu chn Tool/ Rotate Labels/ Rotate Labels, xut
hin hp thoi:
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- Layers: Lp d liu xoay nhn.

- Hp thoi Ratation
+ Column: Trng cha gc xoay.
+ Fixed: Gc xoay.
+ Counter Clockwise: Xoay theo
chiu kim ng h.
+ Clockwise: Theo chiu kim ng h.
- Prepare labels for use in Layout window: Chun b nhn cho trang
Layout.
10.12 Rotate Symbols

Lnh ny cho php xoay cc i tng dng im. Trn thanh Menu chn
Tool/ Rotae Symbols, xut hin hp thoi.
- Table: Lp d liu cha im.
- Hp thoi Ratation
+ Column: Trng cha gc xoay.
+ Fixed: Gc xoay.
+ Counter Clockwise: Xoay ngc
chiu kim ng h.
+ Clockwise: Theo chiu kim ng h.
- Hp thoi Symbol
+ Only rotate existing TrueType symbols: Gi nguyn i tng c sau khi
xoay.
+ Rotate existing if rotatable, replace with new if not: Ch thay th cc biu
tng nu khng phi l biu tng c chn bn di.
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+ Replace all existing objects with this new symbol: Thay th cc i tng
hin hnh bng mt biu tng khc. Kch vo nt New, replacement symbol
chn biu tng thay th.
10.13 Search and Replace
Cho php tm kim mt on chui no trong mt trng thuc tnh v th
vo mt on chui khc.
- Table to Search: Lp d liu cn tm
kim.
- Column to Search: Trng thuc tnh
cn tm kim.
- Search String: on chui cn tm.
- Replacement String: on chui s
thay th cho on chui tm c.
ng dng ny thng c s dng khi mun th on chui khng du thnh
cc on chui c du
10.14 Symbol Maker
To, chnh sa cc biu tng trong th vin MapInfo 3.0 Compatible. Trn
thanh Menu chn Tool/ Symbol Maker
To mi chn Create Symbol, ca s Symbol xut hin cho php to cc biu
tng t cc thanh cng c cng nh cc biu tng cha trong th vin ca my
tnh. Sau khi to xong lu li bng lnh Tool/ Symbol Maker/ Save
Chnh sa biu tng chn Edit and Delete. Ch ch chnh sa c cc biu
tng trong th vin MapInfo 3.0 Compatible
Nhn nt Edit s chuyn sang ca s bn

Nhn nt Delete s xa biu tng bn tri
10.15 Universal Translator
Phn ny cho php chng ta chuyn i cc nh dng gia cc phn mm GIS
vi MapInfo v ngc li. Khi chuyn cc nh dng tp tin d liu khc vo
MapInfo th chng trnh h tr cc nh dng sau:
- DWG/DXF: AutoCAD
- E00: ESRI ArcInfo format
- SHP: ESRI Shapefile format
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- MID/MIF: MapInfo file formats

- TAB: MapInfo .TAB files
- DGN: Microstation Design files
- CATD.DDF: Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
- FT: Vector Product Format (VPF)
Khi chuyn t MapInfo sang cc nh dng khc th chng trnh h tr cc
nh dng sau:
- DGN: Microstation Design files
- DWG/DXF: AutoCAD
- E00: ESRI ArcInfo format
- SHP: ESRI Shapefile format
Trn thanh Menu chn Tool/ Universal Translator/ Universal Translatror, xut
hin hp thoi sau
- Hp thoi Source
+ Format: nh dng tp tin cn chuyn.
Gm c cc nh dng sau AutoCAD,
ArcInfo, ESRI Shape (Arcview, ArcGIS),
Microstation Design (dgn), Spatial Data
Transfer Standard, Vector Product Format
+ File(s): nh dng cc tp tin cn
chuyn sang
- Hp thoi Destination
+ Format: nh dng cn chuyn i.
+ Directory: Th vin cha cc tp tin
chuyn.
10.16 Window Manager
ng dng ny cho php thay i tn ca cc ca s, t gi tr mc nh cho
mt ca s hay chiu rng v chiu cao ca ca s hin hnh. Trn thanh Menu
chn Tool/ Window Manager.
Thay i tiu chn Set Window Title, xut hin hp thoi cha cc ca s
trn mn hnh
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Con tr chut s t ng ch n ca s ang kch hot. Trong danh sch ny

chng ta c th chn ca s mun thay i tiu , nhn OK, xut hin hp thoi
ng nhp tiu cho ca s c chn.
t lp d liu trn ca s cho gi tr zoom chn Set Default View.

Thay i kch thc ca s ang kch hot chn Set Window Size.
- Window width, Window height: Chiu
rng v chiu cao ca ca s.
- Units: n v.
10.17 Workspace Packerger

ng gi d liu. Nhm mc ch chp tt c cc tp tin c m t nhiu th
vin khc nhau v chung mt th vin. Nh vy khi chuyn d liu t my tnh
ny sang my tnh khc s khng b li khi m nh dng *.wor
- Export current MapInfo desktop to: a ch th vin cha cc tp tin

c chp, kch chn nt lnh Browse ch nh th vin.
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- Kch chn vo nt lnh Customize copy type for each table

10.18 WorkSpace Resolver
Phn ny cho php m cc file WOR b hng. Khi mt gi sn phm no b
thiu files th m nh dng Workspace khng c nhng khi chuyn sang nh
dng ny th cc tp tin b mt s khng cn phi m, hay chng ta c th tm kim
chng trong my tnh hay trn mng sever, hay c ngha l chng trnh ny s
ng gi li sn phm m khng cn cc files b mt . y cng l chng trnh
mi xy dng ca MapInfo nn ch c cho mt s phin bn sau ny. Trn thanh
Menu chn Tool/ Workspace Resolver, xut hin hp thoi ng tt c cc ca s
ang m trn MapInfo. Nhn nt Close All, xut hin hp thoi sau:
- Source File: Th vin cha file WOR.

- Destination File: Th vin gi file ng gi li. Thng mc nh cha
trong th vin cha file gc.
- Mode: Kiu thc hin lnh ng gi li, nu khng cn tm cc file b mt
hay thay th cc file khc th chn Automatic, cn mun tm cc file b mt hay
thay th bng cc file khc th chn Interactive.
- Use Search Directories: Tm kim trong th vin cha tp tin gc.
- Use first table found: S dng Table u tin nu tm thy.
- Prompt if multiple found: S dng Table tt nht nu tm thy nhiu Table
thay th.
- Open Workspace: M nh dng WOR mi to ra.
- Save Workspace: Lu li nh dng WOR mi to ny.
- Generate Report: To bng bo co thng tin cc file khng tin thy v cc
file thay th cho cc file b mt.
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CHNG XI
H QUY CHIU TRONG MAPINFO
11.1 Php chiu GAUSS

c thit lp vo nhng nm 1820-1830. L thuyt ca php chiu ny c
ph bin rng ri ln u tin vo nm 1866. Sau , php chiu c Kruger
nghin cu v hon thin vo nhng nm 1912-1919. T n nay php chiu
c mang tn Gauss-Kruger. Vit Nam, chng ta quen gi php chiu ny l
php chiu Gauss.Trong php chiu Gauss, b mt Elipsoid Tri t c biu
din theo tng mi kinh tuyn.
Theo v , mi ly t cc ny n cc kia, cn theo kinh , mi s rng hp
tu theo tng ca sai s khi cng cch xa trung tm ca mi v tu theo d
dng ca vic tnh ton sai s. Nu ly mi ko di theo 3 kinh th trn cc
bin ca mi chiu, sai s chiu di trn xch o t c 1/3200; khi mi ko di
6 kinh th sai s ln nht bng 1/750; sai s cc v trung bnh nh hn
nhiu. B mt ca Elipsoid Tri t c chia ra cc mi c s kinh bng
nhau: 60 mi 6 hoc 120 mi 3. S mi c tnh bt u t kinh tuyn
Greenwich. y l php chiu hnh tr ngang ng gc. Kinh tuyn gia l ng
thng. Cc kinh tuyn cn li l ng cong, chiu lm hng v kinh tuyn gia.
Lnh th Vit Nam nm trn 2 mi 6 c kinh tuyn gia l 105 v 111. l
cc mi 18, 19. Xch o l mt ng thng, vung gc vi kinh tuyn gia. Cc
v tuyn u l nhng ng cong, chiu lm hng v pha cc gn vi v tuyn
hn. Kinh v tuyn i xng nhau qua kinh tuyn gia hoc qua xch o. Php
chiu khng c bin dng v gc.
T l di khng i trn kinh tuyn gia v c gi tr bng 1 (Hng s k=1).
T l ny khng i trn cc cp ng thng song song vi kinh tuyn gia v
i xng nhau qua kinh tuyn gia. Ti mi mi c h thng to vung gc
ring. Gc to ca mi mi l im giao nhau ca xch o vi kinh tuyn gia
ca mi .
trnh c to m, ngi ta li gc to v pha Ty ca kinh tuyn gia
500 km. Php chiu c s dng nhiu trong cc trng hp thit k bn c
s hiu. Bn a hnh ca nhiu nc trn th gii u dng php chiu ny.
H to H Ni 72 s dng php chiu Gauss vi Elipxid Kraxpxki (1940)
cho ton cu.
a = 6378245m ; = 1/298,3
11.2 Php chiu UTM
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Php chiu bn UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) l php chiu hnh

tr ngang ng gc v c thc hin nh sau:
o
- Chia tri t thnh 60 mi bi cc ng kinh tuyn cch nhau 6 , nh s

th t cc mi t 1 n 60 bt u t kinh tuyn gc, ngc chiu kim ng v
khp v kinh tuyn gc.
- Dng hnh tr ngang ct mt cu tri t theo hai ng cong i xng vi
nhau qua kinh tuyn gia mi v c t l chiu k = 1 (khng b bin dng chiu
di). Kinh tuyn trc nm ngoi mt tr c t l chiu k = 0.9996.
- Dng tm tri t lm tm chiu, ln lt chiu tng mi ln mt tr theo

nguyn l ca php chiu xuyn tm. Sau khi chiu, khai trin mt tr thnh mt
phng. Php chiu UTM c u im l bin dng c phn b u v c tr s
nh; mt khc hin nay thun tin cho vic s dng h ta chung trong khu
vc v th gii Vit Nam s dng li chiu ny trong h ta Quc gia VN2000 thay cho php chiu Gauss-Kruger trong h ta c HN-72.
Trong php chiu UTM, cc mi chiu u c kinh tuyn trc suy bin thnh
ng thng ng c chn lm trc OX; xch o suy bin thnh ng nm
ngang chn lm trc OY, ng thng OX vung gc vi OY to thnh h ta
vung gc phng UTM trn cc mi chiu (hnh 1.5).
tr s honh Y khng m, ngi ta quy c ri trc OX qua pha ty
500km v quy nh ghi honh Y c km s th t mi chiu pha trc (X =
2524376,437; Y = 18.704865,453). Trn bn a hnh, tin cho s dng
ngi ta k nhng ng thng song song vi trc OX v OY to thnh li
vung ta . H ta vung gc phng UTM ny c s dng trong h ta
VN-2000.
11.3 H ta VN-2000
H ta VN-2000 c Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh l h l h ta
Trc a-Bn Quc gia Vit Nam v c hiu lc t ngy 12/8/2000. H ta
ny c cc c im:
- S dng Elipsoid WGS-84 (World Geodesic System 1984) lm Elip thc
dng, Elip ny c bn trc ln a = 6378137, det = 1:298,2.
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- S dng php chiu v h ta vung gc phng UTM.

- Gc ta trong khun vin Vin Cng ngh a chnh, ng Hong Quc
Vit, H Ni.
Ngy 27/02/2007 Th trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ng Hng V
k quyt nh s 05/2007/Q-BTNMT v vic V s dng h thng tham s tnh
chuyn gia H ta quc t WGS-84 v H ta quc gia VN-2000 v s
dng tham s tnh chuyn t WGS84 sang VN-2000 nh sau:
1. Tham s dch chuyn gc ta :
-191,90441429 m;
-39,30318279 m;
-111,45032835 m.
2. Gc xoay trc ta :
-0,00928836;
0,01975479;
-0,00427372.
3. H s t l chiu di:
k = 1,000000252906278.
Mun khai bo h quy chiu VN-2000 trong MapInfo, t th vin ci t
chng trnh (mc nh l C:\Program Files\MapInfo\Professional) m file
MAPINFOW.PRJ bng chng trnh Notepad.
Khai bo VN2000 theo 7 tham s quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng

theo nh dng sau
V d ti mun khai bo VN - 2000 cho khu vc c kinh tuyn trung ng 105
v mi chiu 30, ti vit lnh sau
"---VN-2000---"
(1)
"HCM - mui 3", 8, 9999, 28, -191.90441429, -39.30318279, -111.45032835, 0.00928836, 0.01975479, -0.00427372, 0.253, 0, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
- "---VN-2000---": Tn php chiu (Catagory).
- Mi chiu (Member Catagory).
- HCM - mui 3: Tn mi chiu.
- 8: Theo php chiu Transverse Mercator (Gauss-Kruger).
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- 9999: Khai bo s dng 7 tham s tnh chuyn, nu dng 3 tham s th in

999 (cng thc tnh chuyn ca Molodensky)
Nu khai bo s dng 7 tham s th khai bo nh sau:
9999, s Ellipsoid, dX, dY, dZ, EX, EY, EZ, m (n v ppm), kinh tuyn gc.
Ngoi ra mt s phiu chiu ch s dng elipsoid v 3 thng s th khai bo
nh sau:
999, thng s Ellipsoid, dX, dY, dZ .
- 28: M khai bo ca elipsoid WGS84.
Cc tham s in nghing trn l 7 tham s tnh chuyn, trong h s t l
chiu di trong MapInfo c n v l phn triu ca mt nn c cng thc chuyn
i nh sau:
K (ppm) = (k(m) - 1)*10^6
= (1.000000252906278 - 1)*10^6 = 0.253
- 0: Kinh tuyn gc.
Trong h quy chiu HN-72 s dng Elipsoid ca Krassovsky nn c gi tr l
1001.
- 7: H mt trong MapInfo.
- 105.75: Kinh tuyn trung ng cho Tp. H Ch Minh.
- 0: V tuyn gc.
- 0.9999: H s bin dng k ca mi 30, cn mi 60 l 0.9996.
- 500000: H s di trc OX v pha ty l 500.000 mt.
- 0: H s di trc OY.
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11.4 Thng s kiu php chiu

Number
Kiu Projection
9 Albers Equal-Area Conic

28 Azimuthal Equidistant (all origin latitudes)
5 Azimuthal Equidistant (polar aspect only)
30 Cassini-Soldner
2 Cylindrical Equal-Area
31 Double Stereographic
14 Eckert IV
15 Eckert VI
6 Equidistant Conic, also known as Simple Conic
17 Gall
7 Hotine Oblique Mercator
4 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area (polar aspect only)
29 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area
3 Lambert Conformal Conic
19 Lambert Conformal Conic (modified for Belgium 1972)
1 Longitude/Latitude
10 Mercator
11 Miller Cylindrical
13 Mollweide
18 New Zealand Map Grid
27 Polyconic
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Number
Kiu Projection
26 Regional Mercator
12 Robinson
16 Sinusoidal
20 Stereographic
25 Swiss Oblique Mercator
8 Transverse Mercator, (also known as Gauss-Kruger)
21 Transverse Mercator, (modified for Danish System 34 Jylland-Fyn)
22 Transverse Mercator, (modified for Danish System 34 Sjaelland)
Transverse Mercator, (modified for Danish System 34/45
23 Bornholm)
24 Transverse Mercator, (modified for Finnish KKJ)
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11.5 n v trong h quy chiu

Number
n v
6 Centimeters
31 Chains
3 Feet (also called International Feet)1
2 Inches
1 Kilometers
30 Links
7 Meters
0 Miles
5 Millimeters
9 Nautical Miles2
32 Rods
8 US Survey Feet (used for 1927 State Plane)3
4 Yards
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11.6 Thng s v Ellipsoid trong MapInfo

Number
Ellipsoid
9 Airy 1930
1/f
6377563,396
299,3249646
6377340,189
299,3249646
6378135
298,257
6378160
298,25
10 Bessel 1841
6377397,155
299,1528128
35 Bessel 1841 (modified for NGO 1948)
6377492,018
299,15281
14 Bessel 1841 (modified for Schwarzeck)
6377483,865
299,1528128
36 Clarke 1858
6378293,639
294,26068
7 Clarke 1866
6378206,4
294,9786982
8 Clarke 1866 (modified for Michigan)
6378450,047
294,9786982
6 Clarke 1880
6378249,145
293,465
6378249,145
293,4663076
6378249,2
293,4660213
6378249,136
293,46631
16 Clarke 1880 (modified for Merchich)
6378249,2
293,46598
38 Clarke 1880 (modified for Palestine)
6378300,79
293,46623
39 Everest (Brunei and East Malaysia)
6377298,556
300,8017
11 Everest (India 1830)
6377276,345
300,8017
40 Everest (India 1956)
6377301,243
300,80174
50 Everest (Pakistan)
6377309,613
300,8017
17 Everest (W, Malaysia and Singapore 1948)
6377304,063
300,8017
48 Everest (West Malaysia 1969)
6377295,664
300,8017
13 Airy 1930 (modified for Ireland 1965)

51 ATS7 77
2 Australian
15 Clarke 1880 (modified for Arc 1950)

30 Clarke 1880 (modified for IGN)
37 Clarke 1880 (modified for Jamaica)
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Number
Ellipsoid
1/f
18 Fischer 1960
6378166
298,3
19 Fischer 1960 (modified for South Asia)
6378155
298,3
20 Fischer 1968
6378150
298,3
21 GRS 67
6378160
298,2471674
0 GRS 80
6378137
298,2572221
5 Hayford
6378388
297
22 Helmert 1906
6378200
298,3
23 Hough
6378270
297
31 IAG 75
6378140
298,257222
41 Indonesian
6378160
298,247
6378388
297
6377542,178
299,325
6378245
298,3
6378137
298,257
6378157,5
298,25
43 NWL 10D
6378135
298,26
42 NWL 9D
6378145
298,25
44 OSU86F
6378136,2
298,25722
45 OSU91A
6378136,3
298,25722
46 Plessis 1817
6376523
308,64
52 PZ90
6378136
298,2578393
24 South American
6378160
298,25
12 Sphere
6370997
4 International 1924
49 Irish (WOFO)
3 Krassovsky
32 MERIT 83
33 New International 1967
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V Minh Tun
Number
Ellipsoid
Struve 1860
1/f
6378297
294,73
6376896
302,78
6378300,583
296
26 WGS 60
6378165
298,3
27 WGS 66
6378145
298,25
1 WGS 72
6378135
298,26
28 WGS 84
6378137
298,2572236
34 Walbeck
25 War Office
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CHNG XII
MT S NG DNG
12.1 nh gi din bin ti nguyn t ai

Phng php ny dng xy dng bn chu chuyn t ai trong mt giai
on no , din bin rng hay s dng t ti mt a phng no .
Gi s chng ta c bn s dng t ca hai nm 2000 v 2005, v din tch
cc loi hnh s dng t ang b thay i tng ngy.
Cc loi hnh s dng t gm
Nm 2000
Nm 2005
Lm nghip
Lm nghip
Cy cng nghip
Cy cng nghip
Nng nghip
Nng nghip
t th c
t th c
Mt nc
Mt nc
Ch : mun xy dng c biu chu chuyn t ai th cc chng ta s dng

cc m t theo quy nh ca b TNMT, cn din bin rng th theo bng quy
nh ca B NN&PTNN. Do y thi gian c hn nn ti ch nu mt s loi t
i din chung lm v d cho ng dng ny.
Thng tin trng thuc tnh ca cc lp d liu
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V Minh Tun
Nm 2000
Nm 2005
M t
Tn trng
Kiu trng
Tn trng
Kiu trng
loai_dat
Character (10)
loai_dat
Character (10)
Loi t
Ghi_Chu
Character (20)
Ghi_Chu
Character (20)
Ghi ch
DT
Float
DT
Float
Din tch
DT_lan_ln
Float
Din tch lm nghip chuyn
DT_lan_ccn
Float
Din tch cy cng nghip chuyn
DT_lan_nn
Float
Din tch nng nghip nghip chuyn
DT_lan_do
Float
Din tch t chuyn
DT_lan_mn
Float
Din tch mt nc chuyn
Sau khi dng xong bn hin trng, tin hnh tch tng loi hnh s dng ra.
Trong trng ny chng ta ch cn tch loi hnh s dng t ca giai on sau
(2005)
tch i tng dng lnh Query/Select, xut hin hp thoi:
- Select Record from Table: Ty chn cc i tng t bng thuc tnh no

- that Satisfy: Tha mn iu kin g. Trong trng hp ny chng tha mn
iu kin Ghi_Chu=lm nghip. c ngha l ch tm cc i tng c trng
thuc tnh l lm nghip.
- Nt lnh Assist: Nhp cng thc, biu thc cho hp thoi that Satisfy. Kch
vo nt Assist xut hin hp thoi sau
- Column: Ct trong bng thuc tnh m cn tm iu kin.
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V Minh Tun
- Operators: Cc php ton cho iu kin tm.

- Functions: Cc hm, biu thc xy dng sn.
- Store Results in Table: Tn bng sau khi lc d liu. Tn bng khng c
vit cch.
- Sort Results by Column: Sp xp theo ct no. Hng ny thng thng chn
None.
- Browse Results: Hin th bng kt qu
Tip theo lu bng lc d liu ny, chn File/ Save Query, xut hin hp thoi
Gi s lu li l lamnghiep.tab
M li lp lamnghiep.tab chng ln lp d liu nm 2000. Tin hnh xt quan
h khng gian ca lp lamnghiep.tab vi lp ca nm 2000
Xc nh din tch ln ca lp lamnghiep.tab, chn Table/Update Column, xut
hin hp thoi:
- Table to Update: lp nm 2000
- Column to Update: trng DT_lan_ln
- Get Value From Table: lp lamnghiep
Join:
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V Minh Tun
- Where object from table lamnghiep:

Intersects
- Calculate: Proportion Sum
- of: DT
Sau khi nhn OK bng thuc tnh s c nhp vo ct DT_lan_ln
Tin hnh thng k loi t lm nghip ny chuyn i cho cc loi hnh khc
nh th no, chn lnh Query/ SQL Select, xut hin hp thoi
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- Select Columns: Ghi_Chu,

Sum(DT_lan_ln)
- from Tables: HT2000
- Group by Column: Ghi_Chu
- into Table Named: lam_nghiep
OK, cho ta kt qu sau
Cc con s ny c ngha: 215,381ha t trng cy cng nghip chuyn cho cy

lm nghip, 593,862ha t lm nghip c gi li, 8,7ha t nng nghip chuyn
cho t lm nghip v t , t mt nc khng chuyn cho t lm nghip
Tin hnh chuyn bng ny sang dng Excel tnh ton biu chu chuyn, vo
lnh Table/ Export, xut bng lam_nghiep sang nh dng *.txt. Ch : chng ta
c th chuyn sang nh dng khc nh *.dbf nhng ch dng *.txt mi hiu ting
Vit
Tng t cho cc loi hnh cn li.
Sau khi xc nh xong din tch ln ca cc loi hnh, ta s dng chng trnh
Microsoft Excel tnh ton biu chu chuyn
Chu chuyn
Lm nghip
Cy cng nghip
Nng nghip
Mt nc
Lm nghip
593,86
667,80
1173,25
438,57
Cy cng nghip
215,38
1199,28
420,50
Nng nghip
8,71
1300,08
85,19
Mt nc
28,97
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V Minh Tun
Nhng con s in nghing l din tch cc loi hnh s dng t tng ng c

gi li. T v d ny cc bn hy lm nghin cu tng ng cho din bin rng v
biu chu chuyn t ai.
Ch : Bng trn cng chnh l nhn t xy dng chui Markov d bo
s thay i s dng t trong tng lai
12.2 Gii ta n b
Gi s chng ta cn quy hoch mt khu vc no xy dng trung tm
thng mi, siu th hay l mt trng hc. Khi quy hoch th din tch cc khu
vc ny ln chim vo mt s din tch ca cc h dn. Vn t ra l chng
ta phi tnh tin n b cho cc h dn ny.
Trong ng dng ny, ti gi s c lp hin trng HT2008.tab v lp quy hoch
l khuQH.tab. Cu trc bng thuc tnh ca lp HT2008 gm cc trng v kiu
trng nh sau
Tnh din tch cc tha t cho trng DIENTICH vo lnh Table/ Update
Column, xut hin hp thoi sau
Chng lp khuQH trn lp HT2008. Tin hnh ct cc i tng nm ngoi

lp khuQH, chn tt c cc i tng trn lp HT2008. C nhiu cch chn, theo
ti nn s dng cch chn Query/ Select All khi chng ta m bng thuc tnh ra.
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V Minh Tun
Vo lnh Object/ Set Target

Chn cc i tng trong lp khuQH
Vo lnh Object/ Erase Outside xa cc i tng khng b chng ln lp

khuQH, khi ch cn li cc tha t nm trong lp khuQH, cn cc tha t
nm ngoi s b xa
Tin hnh tnh li din tch phn cn li cho trng DT_bi_giai_toa
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V Minh Tun
Da vo hai trng DIENTICH v DT_bi_giai_toa ta xc nh cc h dn no

b gii ta hon ton
Tnh din tch cn li cho trng DT_con_lai = DIENTICH DT_bi_giai_toa.
Khi cc tha t no m trng DT_con_lai c gi tr bng 0 tc l cc tha
t b gii ta hon ton.
Tnh tin n b
Gi cc loi t ny ty thuc vo gi t hin ti v khung gi t, gi cc loi
t trong v d ny ch mang tnh cht tham kho.
Trng Thanh_tien = DT_bi_giai_toa*Gia*M2
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V Minh Tun
Da vo ct Thanh_tien tin hnh n b cho cc h dn. Ngoi ra mun

tnh tng s tin cn phi n b cho d n ny l bao nhiu th s dng lnh
Query/ Calculate Statistics
Nh vy tng s tin cn phi chi tr cho gii ta l 38.401.020.000 ng

Mun tnh tng s tin phi gii ta cho tng loi t l bao nhiu, ta s dng
lnh Query/ SQL Select
0987568749
V Minh Tun
Cui cng xut d liu dng bng ny sang Excel tnh ton v lp bng bo
co bng lnh Table/ Export
12.3 Lin kt d liu gia my GPS v Mapinfo
Sau khi i iu tra thc a, khoanh v hin trng rng bng my GPS, tin
hnh a d liu cp nht vo bn . Mun a d liu t my GPS vo trong
phn mm MapInfo th u tin chng ta phi chuyn d liu trong my GPS vo
trong my tnh thng qua phn mm chuyn dng ca mi loi my GPS. Gi s
ti s dng my GPS ca hng Garmin, ti s s dng phn mm MapSource.
Khi ng Mapsource
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V Minh Tun
Mun lu li ch dng im th chng ta chn cc im cn lu bn

tri mn hnh trong Tab Waypoints
Chn lnh Copy trong menu Edit/Copy. Bt thm mt ca s Mapsource na,

sau dn cc i tng va copy vo ca s mi bng lnh Edit/ Paste. Lu
li dng text (*.txt). Gi s ti lu tn tp tin ny l diem.txt. M chng trnh
Excel x l thng tin. M tp tin diem.txt ra, xut hin hp thoi sau:
Nhn Next
0987568749
V Minh Tun
nh du chn vo nt Space tch cc on chui gm ch v s ra thnh

nhiu ct
Nhn Finish, cc d liu s c xut sang Excel v mi gi tr s c cha
trong mt d liu
Trong bng ny cha y thng tin v cc im c xc nh bng GPS

gm: tn im, ngy gi bm, mi chiu, ta XY, Thng thng ch s dng
cc thng tin v ta v cao ca cc im nn ch cn chn cc ct cha
ta v cao lu li. Khi copy ct ta v cao ri nn lu li thnh
mt tp tin mi d qun l v bo qun c tp tin gc.
Lu li di nh dng ca Excel hay *.dbf u c. Gi s ti lu li tp tin

c tn l diem.xls. Ch khi lu li nh dng tp tin c phn m rng l *.dbf th
chng ta phi chn vng cha d liu cn lu, v nh dng ny ch cha nhng
vng c d liu. Trong trng hp cc im c ta hay cao bng 0 th cng
phi nhp gi tr 0 vo th nh dng ny mi chp nhn. Ngoi ra cc bn c th
lu li nh dng *.txt, nh dng ny nhn c cc gi tr ting Vit
Trong MapInfo tin hnh a bng ta im vo. Chn File/ Open, trong
mc Files of Type chn kiu nh dng Microsoft Excel, xut hin hp thoi sau
0987568749
V Minh Tun
nh du chn vo nt Use Row Above Selected Range for Column Titles

s dng dng u tin lm tn trng
y ch l bng thuc tnh, chng cha c d liu khng gian. to d liu

khng gian chn Table/ Create Point
- Create Points for Table: diem.

- Using symbol: S dng biu tng cho cc i tng im.
- Get X/Y Coordinates from Column: Nhn ta X/Y ca i tng t ct
no.
- Projection: Chn h quy chiu. Nu chn sai mi chiu th ch biu th mt
im nht nh.
Sau mun lm vic, chnh sa trn lp im ny chng ta phi lu li nh

dng *.Tab bng lnh File/ Save Copy As.
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V Minh Tun
Mun lu li ng i xut sang MapInfo th chng ta lu nh

dng AutoCAD (*.dxf). gi s ti lu li tn l duongdi.dxf
Chn h m bn s dng
- Use decimal degrees: H ta cu.
- Use UTM coordinates: H ta phng.
Chuyn sang MapInfo, chn Table/ Import. Chn tp tin duongdi.dxf .
Chn h quy chiu ng theo h trong Mapsource. Nhn OK lu li sang

nh dng Tab.
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V Minh Tun
PH LC
Ph lc1: Bng quy nh lm bn hin trng rng theo quy nh ca
b Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
A. CC LP BN
1. C s
S hiu
Tn Lp
Kiu
Lp
T.Tp
101
Khung li
Line
khg
102
Tiu
Text
tde
201
ng ng mc chnh
Line
dmc
202
ng ng mc ph
Line
dmp
203
im cao
Point
ddc
204
Nhn cao
Text
ndc
205
a danh
Text
dda
301
Thu vn 1 nt
Line
tv1(t)
302
Thu vn 2 nt
Area
tv2(t)
303
Knh mng
Line
10
kmu(t)
2. a hnh
3. Thu vn
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V Minh Tun
4. Giao thng
401
ng st
Line
11
dsa
402
ng nha 2 nt
Line
12
gt(t)
403
ng t ln
Line
13
ddl
404
ng mn
Line
14
dmo
405
ng hm
Line
15
dha
406
ng dy in
Line
16
ddd
407
ng t hng
Line
35
oth
5. Hin trng rng
601
Tiu khu rng
Line
32
tkl(t)
602
Khonh
Line
33
khl(t)
603
L rng
Area
34
r(l) - trt
501
Ranh gii quc gia
Line
17
qgl(t)
502
Ranh gii tnh
Line
18
tl(t)
503
Ranh gii huyn
Line
19
hl(t)
504
Ranh gii x
Line
20
xl(t)
505
Ranh gii 3 loi rng
Line
21
3lr(t)
506
Ranh gii vn quc gia
Line
22
vqg(t)
507
Ranh gii lm trng
Line
23
ltl(t)
6. Ranh gii
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V Minh Tun
508
Ranh gii phn trng
Line
24
ptl(t)
509
Ranh gii nng trng
Line
25
ntl(t)
510
Ranh gii khu qun s
Line
26
qsl(t)
511
Ranh gii x nghip
Line
27
xnl(t)
512
Ranh gii trung tm VHTT
Line
28
vhl(t)
513
Ranh gii KHSXLN
Line
29
sxl(t)
514
Ranh gii khu chn nui
Line
30
cnl(t)
515
Ranh gii tri giam
Line
31
tgl(t)
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V Minh Tun
B.QUY CCH BIN TP BN

I - Bn x
Cc kiu ch trn bn :
Ni dung
Tn file
Kiu ch
Mu
ch
Tn tnh
???-tt
Vn AvantH 30.B.H
4.1
Tn huyn
???-ht
Vn AvantH 24.B.H
4.1
Tn x
???-xt
Vn arial Narrow 18. B.H
4.1
Tn vn quc gia
???-vqgt
Vn time 16. B.H.I
4.1
Tn nng trng
???-ntt
Vn time 14. B.H.I
4.1
Tn 3 loi rng
???-3lrt
4.1
Tn khu cn,xn,qs
???-...
Vn arial Narrow 12. H
4.1
Tn lm trng
???-ltt
Vn time 18. B.H.I
16.1
Tn tiu khu
???-tkt
Vn arial Narrow 18. B.H c khoanh trn
4.1
Tn khonh
???-kht
Vn Century SchoolBook (di) 12.B
4.1
Trng thi
???-trt
4.1
a danh
???-dda
4.1
To li
???-lu
Arial 8.H
4.1
Tn giao thng
???-gtt
4.1
Tn thu vn 1
???-tv1t
8.1
Tn thu vn 2
???-tv2t
8.1
im cao
???-ddc
3.5
Kiu point (im):
0987568749
V Minh Tun
Ni dung
File
Kiu
Mu
UBND Tnh (TP)
???-ubt(tp)
Trn
18
en
UBND Huyn (Q,TX)
???-ubh(q,tx)
Trn
16
en
UBND X (PH,TT)
???-ubx(ph,tt)
Trn
14
en
Trng hc
???-th
Quyn sch
12
Bnh vin
???-bv
KT D.Thp
14
Trm x
???-tx
Du thp
14
Di tch LS
???-dt
12
Cha
???-chua
12
Ct c
???-co
48
Ngha a
???-ndia
12
en
Dn c
???-dcu
Vung
2-1
Cu
???-cau
Tu
en
0987568749
V Minh Tun
Cc kiu ng
Tn
Kiu ng
Ct
Hng
Pixel
Ranh gii quc gia
Ranh gii tnh
Ranh gii huyn
Mu
Ct
Hng
Ranh gii x
Ranh gii lm trng
0.7
Ranh gii tiu khu
10
0.7
Ranh gii khonh
0.7
Ranh gii l
Ranh gii 3 loi rng
0.7
Ranh gii vng d.n
0.7
Ranh gii cng ty
0.7
Ranh gii chn nui
0.5
Ranh gii nng trng
0.7
Ranh gii TTKHSXLN
0.7
Ranh gii TTVHTT
0.7
Ranh gii vn QG
10
0.7
Ranh gii QS
0.7
13
0.7
ng t
16
0.5
ng dy in
14
0.5
ng t ln
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Point
V Minh Tun
ng mn
0.5
ng st
0.5
Sng sui nh
Sng sui theo ma
Knh mng
13
0.5
ng ng mc chnh
0.5
ng ng mc ph
Li
Khung
Buffer
1
0.5
T l - rng(m)
Mu
1:100
1:250
Ct
Hng
Quc gia
120
300
10
Tnh
100
250
11
Huyn
80
180
60
140
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V Minh Tun
C. Quy nh mu cho lp hin trng rng
Trng thi
Type
Rn giu (IVA, IVB)

Cp tr lngI- Trng thi rng (IIIB)
Cp tr lngII- Trng thi rng (IIIA3)
Rng trung bnh (IIIA2)
Rng ngho (IIIA1)
Rng phc hi (IIa)
Rng phc hi (IIb)
Rng non cha c tr lng (IIa1)
Rng non c tr lng (IIa2)
Rng non c tr lng (IIb2)
Rng tre na (Tr+lo,L+M)
Rng hn giao (HG)
Rng trng (B,K,,K)
Vn rng
t trng (Ia,Ib,Ic)
t nng nghip (NN)
Nng ry (NR)
Th c (DC)
Cy cng nghip
Ngha a, qun s (N,QS)
Ni (N)
Ni c cy (NCC)
Mt nc (Sng,h)
t nghp
Ct
t khc
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
19
31
41
51
52
61
71
72
73
74
75
76
80
77
78
79
100
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Mu
Ct
Hng
9
6
8
5
8
5
8
3
7
6
7
3
7
3(5)
7
2
7
2
7
2
9
2
15
2
5
4
5
4
Trng
6
2
5
2
3
1
6
2
1
3
1
3
11
2
10
3
8
1
6
1
6
2
Kiu ng
Ct
Hng
V Minh Tun
Ph lc 2: Bng mu cc loi t theo quy nh ca b Ti nguyn v Mi trng
STT
Loi t
M t
t chuyn trng la nc
LUC
255
255
100
t trng la nc cn li
LUK
255
255
100
t trng la nng
LUN
255
255
100
t trng c
COT
230
230
130
t c t nhin c ci to
CON
230
230
130
t bng trng cy hng nm khc
BHK
255
240
180
t nng ry trng cy hng nm khc
NHK
255
240
180
t trng cy cng nghip lu nm
LNC
255
215
170
t trng cy n qu lu nm
LNQ
255
215
170
10
t trng cy lu nm khc
LNK
255
215
170
11
t c rng t nhin sn xut
RSN
180
255
180
12
t c rng trng sn xut
RST
180
255
180
13
t khoanh nui phc hi rng sn xut
RSK
180
255
180
14
t trng rng sn xut
RSM
180
255
180
15
t c rng t nhin phng h
RPN
190
255
30
16
t c rng trng phng h
RPT
190
255
30
17
t khoanh nui phc hi rng phng h
RPK
190
255
30
18
t trng rng phng h
RPM
190
255
30
19
t c rng t nhin c dng
RDN
110
255
100
20
t c rng trng c dng
RDT
110
255
100
21
t khoanh nui phc hi rng c dng
RDK
110
255
100
22
t trng rng c dng
RDM
110
255
100
23
t nui trng thu sn nc l, mn
TSL
170
255
255
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STT
Loi t
M t
24
t chuyn nui trng thu sn nc ngt
TSN
170
255
255
25
t lm mui
LMU
255
255
254
26
t nng nghip khc
NKH
255
255
100
27
t ti nng thn
ONT
255
208
255
28
t ti th
ODT
255
160
255
29
t tr s ca c quan, t chc
DTS
255
170
160
30
t cng trnh s nghip
DSN
250
170
160
31
t quc phng
QPH
255
100
80
32
t an ninh
ANI
255
80
70
33
t khu cng nghip
SKK
250
170
160
34
t c s sn xut, kinh doanh
SKC
250
170
160
35
t cho hot ng khong sn
SKS
205
170
205
36
t sn xut vt liu xy dng, lm gm
SKX
205
170
205
37
t giao thng
DGT
255
170
50
38
t thu li
DTL
170
255
255
39
t chuyn dn nng lng, truyn thng
DNT
255
170
160
40
t c s vn ha
DVH
255
170
160
41
t c s y t
DYT
255
170
160
42
t c s gio dc - o to
DGD
255
170
160
43
t c s th dc - th thao
DTT
255
170
160
44
t ch
DCH
255
170
160
45
t c di tch, danh thng
LDT
255
170
160
46
t bi thi, x l cht thi
RAC
205
170
205
47
t tn gio
TON
255
170
160
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STT
Loi t
M t
48
t tn ngng
TIN
255
170
160
49
t lm ngha trang, ngha a
NTD
210
210
210
50
t sng, ngi, knh, rch, sui
SON
160
255
255
51
t c mt nc chuyn dng
MNC
180
255
255
52
t c s ca t nhn khng kinh doanh
CTN
255
170
160
53
t lm nh tm, ln tri
NTT
255
170
160
54
t c s dch v nng nghip ti th
DND
255
170
160
55
t bng cha s dng
BCS
255
255
254
56
t i ni cha s dng
DCS
255
255
254
57
Ni khng c rng cy
NCS
230
230
200
58
t mt nc ven bin nui trng thy sn
MVT
180
255
255
59
t mt nc ven bin c rng ngp mn
MVR
180
255
255
60
t mt nc ven bin c mc ch khc
MVK
180
255
255
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Ph lc 3: Kinh tuyn trc cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng

TT
Tnh, thnh ph
Kinh
tuyn trc
TT
Tnh, thnh ph
Kinh
tuyn trc
1 Lai Chu
1030 00
33
Long An
1050 45
2 in Bin
1030 00
34
Tin Giang
1050 45
3 Sn La
1040 00
35
Bn Tre
1050 45
4 Kin Giang
1040 30
36
Hi Phng
1050 45
5 C Mau
1040 30
37
TP.H Ch Minh
1050 45
6 Lo Cai
1040 45
38
Bnh Dng
1050 45
7 Yn Bi
1040 45
39
Tuyn Quang
1060 00
8 Ngh An
1040 45
40
Ho Bnh
1060 00
9 Ph Th
1040 45
41
Qung Bnh
1060 00
10 An Giang
1040 45
42
Qung Tr
1060 15
11 Thanh Ho
1050 00
43
Bnh Phc
1060 15
12 Vnh Phc
1050 00
44
Bc Kn
1060 30
13 H Ty
1050 00
45
Thi Nguyn
1060 30
14 ng Thp
1050 00
46
Bc Giang
1070 00
15 Cn Th
1050 00
47
Tha Thin - Hu
1070 00
16 Hu Giang
1050 00
48
Lng Sn
1070 15
17 Bc Liu
1050 00
49
Kon Tum
1070 30
18 H Ni
1050 00
50
Qung Ninh
1070 45
19 Ninh Bnh
1050 00
51
ng Nai
1070 45
20 H Nam
1050 00
52
B Ra - Vng Tu
1070 45
21 H Giang
1050 30
53
Qung Nam
1070 45
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22 Hi Dng
1050 30
54
Lm ng
1070 45
23 H Tnh
1050 30
55
Nng
1070 45
24 Bc Ninh
1050 30
56
Qung Ngi
1080 00
25 Hng Yn
1050 30
57
Ninh Thun
1080 15
26 Thi Bnh
1050 30
58
Khnh Ho
1080 15
27 Nam nh
1050 30
59
Bnh nh
1080 15
28 Ty Ninh
1050 30
60
c Lc
1080 30
29 Vnh Long
1050 30
61
c Nng
1080 30
30 Sc Trng
1050 30
62
Ph Yn
1080 30
31 Tr Vinh
1050 30
63
Gia Lai
1080 30
32 Cao Bng
1050 45
64
Bnh Thun
1080 30
Ph lc 4: Bng phm tt ca chng trnh MapInfo

Thanh Menu Files
Lnh
T hp phm
File / New Table
Ctrl+N
File / Open
Ctrl+O
File / Save Table
Ctrl+S
File / Save Workspace
Ctrl+K
File / Print
Ctrl+P
File / Exit
Alt+F4
Thanh Menu Edit
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Lnh
T hp phm
Edit / Undo
Ctrl+Z
Edit / Cut
Ctrl+X
Edit / Copy
Ctrl+C
Edit / Paste
Ctrl+V
Edit / Clear
Del
Edit / Reshape
Ctrl+R
Edit / New Row
Ctrl+E
Edit / Get Info
F7
Thanh Menu Tool
Lnh
T hp phm
Tools / Run MapBasic Program
Ctrl+U
Thanh Menu Object
T hp phm
Lnh
Objects / Set Target
Objects / Clear Target
Ctrl+T
Ctrl+Delete
Thanh Menu Query
Lnh
T hp phm
Query / Unselect All

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Query / Find
Ctrl+F
Query / Find Selection
Ctrl+G
Thanh Menu Option
Lnh
T hp phm
Options / Line Style
Shift+F8
Options / Region Style
Ctrl+F8
Options / Symbol Style
Alt+F8
Options / Text Style
F8
Thanh Menu Map
Lnh
T hp phm
Map / Layer Control
Ctrl+L
Map / Create Prism Map
F10
Map / Create 3D Map
F11
Map / Create Thematic Map
F9
Map / Modify Thematic Map
Alt+F9
Map / Previous View
Alt+Left Arrow
Thanh Menu Layout
Lnh
T hp phm
Layout / Previous View

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Thanh Menu Window
Lnh
T hp phm
Window / New Browser
F2
Window / New Mapper
F3
Window / New Grapher
F4
Window / New Layout
F5
Window / Redraw Window
Ctrl+D
Window / Tile Windows
Shift+F4
Window / Cascade Windows
Shift+F5
Thanh Trng Thi Status
T hp phm
Lnh
Snap
AUTOTRADE
AUTONODE
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Cc Phm Tt
Lnh
T hp phm
Map / Previous View v Layout / Previous View
Alt+Left Arrow
File / Copy
Ctrl+C
Window / Redraw Window
Ctrl+D
File / New Row
Ctrl+E
Query / Find
Ctrl+F
Query / Find Selection
Ctrl+G
File / Save Workspace
Ctrl+K
Map / Layer Control
Ctrl+L
File / New Table
Ctrl+N
File / Open
Ctrl+O
File / Print
Ctrl+P
File / Reshape
Ctrl+R
File / Save Table
Ctrl+S
Objects / Set Target
Ctrl+T
Tools / Run MapBasic Program
Ctrl+U
File / Paste
Ctrl+V
Query / Unselect All
Ctrl+W
File / Cut
Ctrl+X
File / Undo
Ctrl+Z
Objects / Clear Target
Ctrl+Delete
Window / New Browser
F2
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Window / New Mapper
F3
Window / New Grapher
F4
Window / New Layout
F5
File / Get Info
F7
Options / Text Style
F8
Map / Create Thematic Map
F9
Map / Create Prism Map
F10
Map / Create 3D Map
F11
File / Exit
Alt+F4
Options / Symbol Style
Alt+F8
Map / Modify Thematic Map
Alt+F9
Options / Region Style
Ctrl+F8
Window / Tile Windows
Shift+F4
Window / Cascade Windows
Shift+F5
Options / Line Style
Shift+F8
Edit / Delete
Del
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PHN II
ARCVIEW 3.3a
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CHNG I
GII THIU PHN MM ARCVIEW
1.1 Cc thnh phn ca ArcView

ArcView GIS l mt trong s cc phn mm GIS hng u th gii, ArcView
GIS khng ch cho php ngi s dng trnh by d liu a l trn mn hnh my
tnh hoc in ra giy m cn cho php ngi s dng thc hin cc thao tc to d
liu, tm kim d liu, x l d liu v t bit l phn tch d liu.
Mt h thng thng tin a l (GIS) l h thng vi c s d liu v v tr ca
cc s vt hin tng vi d liu v s vt hin tng. Vi GIS, ngi s dng c
th xem v phn tch d liu theo nhiu cch mi.
Di y l mt n n gin ca ArcView. Bn , bng d liu v biu
biu din s phn b din tch ca cc loi hnh s dng t ca lu vc sng
NAN, thuc vng ng Bc Thi Lan.
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Giao din ca ArcView bao gm cc ca s, mi ca s s trnh by d liu

theo cc cch khc nhau. Cc thanh menu, thanh cng c, thanh nt lnh ca cc
ca s cho php bn xem d liu v thc hin cc php phn tch d liu trong c
s d liu theo nhiu cch khc nhau.
1.2 Cc i tng a l (Geographic Features)
Cc i tng ca th gii thc, c th l i tng t nhin hay i tng do
con ngi to ra, c gi l i tng a l khi c biu din trn bn .
Trong cc bn , cc i tng a l c v tr, hnh dng v k hiu biu din
mt hay nhiu c tnh ca n.
Cc i tng c th biu din trn bn nh l im (point), ng (Line)
hay a gic (Polygon).
Cc i tng ngoi th gii thc c kch thc nh hoc l cc im c
biu din l cc im, chng hn ct in, trm xng, im hnh chnh,
Cc i tng ngoi th gii thc c chiu di hoc qu hp hoc cc ng
c biu din l cc ng (Line), chng hn ng giao thng, ng ng
nc, ong dy in, ng ranh gii hnh chnh,
Cc i tng l cc vng khng gian ng nht ngoi th gii thc c
biu din l cc a gic (Polygon), chng hn cng vin, ao, h, x, huyn, tnh,
1.3 Thuc tnh ca i tng (Feature Attribute)
Trong ArcView, cc i tng c lu trong c s d liu cng vi cc thng
tin m t i tng. Cc thng tin m t c lu cng vi i tng c gi l
thuc tnh ca i tng (Feature Attribute). Chng hn cc thuc tnh ca i
tng ng giao thng c th l tn ng, chiu di ng, loi ng, cp
ng, vt liu lm ng.
Trong GIS ni chung v trong ArcView ni ring, i tng v cc thuc tnh
ca i tng c lin kt vi nhau do c th d dng truy xut cc thuc tnh
ca cc i tng hay xc nh v tr ca i tng t cc thuc tnh ca i
tng. Cc thuc tnh ca i tng c trnh by trong ca s c dng bng
c gi l bng d liu.
1.4 Cc Theme ca ArcView
D liu ca h thng thng tin a l trong ArcView lin kt cc i tng vi
cc thuc tnh ca n li vi nhau v c t chc quan l trong mt theme. Mt
theme bao gm tp hp cc i tng a l (chng hn ng giao thng, sng
h, . . .) v cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng .
Hnh di y l ti liu View t mt n ca ArcView. View l mt bn
m trnh by cc i tng v mt khng gian.
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Mt bn trnh by tp hp d liu mt cch trc quan bng cch ny c

gi l bn chuyn .
1.5 Lm vic vi d liu
Tri tim ca mi h thng thng tin ni chung v h thng thng tin a l ni
ring l d liu. c bit, trong h thng thng tin a l, d liu gm c d liu
khng gian (saptial data) v d liu thuc tnh (attribute data). Lm vic vi d
liu gm c thm d liu vo n, trnh by d liu, phn tch, trnh din, . .
.Khun dng d liu (data format)
Trong ArcView, d liu khng gian cho cc theme c th c t ba ngun d
liu sau: ngun d liu a l (feature data source) - d liu v v tr, hnh dng
ca i tng; ngun d liu nh (image data source) - d liu th di dng nh
my bay, nh v tinh, - v ngun d liu li (ARC GRID data source). Cc
ngun d liu c gi l cc lp d liu.
1.6 Cc lp d liu a l (feature data source)
Shapefile l nh dng d liu a l chun ca ArcView bao gm i tng
a l v d liu thuc tnh. Thng thng shapefile c v nhanh hn cc loi
d liu khc, v c th hiu chnh c d liu c nh dng shapefile (di chuyn
i tng, thm, xo, thay i hnh dng v thay di cc gi tr thuc tnh) cho ph
hp vi s bin ng ca i tng ngoi th gii thc. Mi ngun d liu a l
m ArcView s dng c u c th chuyn i sang khun dng shapefile.
Arc/Info (mt sn phm GIS ni ting khc ca ESRI) lu tr tp hp cc i
tng a l v cc thuc tnh vi mt khun dng khc, c gi l coverage.
Mt coverage c th c biu din nh l mt theme trong ArcView. Mt s
coverage bao gm nhiu kiu biu din i tng khc nhau; Nhng trong
ArcView mi mt kiu biu din i tng phi c t chc trong cc theme
khc nhau.
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Ni cch khc, trong mi mt lp ca ArcView, ch c mt kiu biu din cc

i tng.
ArcView c th c d liu a l c c lu theo cc khun dng sau:
shapefiel, coverage, dbf (tp tin dBASE lu cc ta x, y), txt (tp tin vn bn
lu cc ta x, y), DXF (tp tin bn v CAD) c tp tin dxf, trc tin cn
phi np phn m rng (extension) CAD Reader ca ArcView.
1.7 Lp d liu nh (Image Data Source)

ArcView c th c nhiu khun dng nh khc nhau chng hn d liu raster
ca Arc/Info, c gi l li (GRID). Theme nh khng c bng thuc tnh, v
ch c th dng Image Legend Editor thay i cch hin th ca theme.
Cc khun dng (format) nh c th c c bng ArcView: TIFF,

TIFF/LZW, ERDAS, BSQ, BIL, BIP, RLC. Cc ngun d liu nh c th l nh
v tinh, nh my bay, hoc l nh qut ca bn nn.
1.8 Cc kiu d liu a l (Feature types)
Trong ArcView, d liu a l c nhm trong cc theme m c hin th
trong view. Mt theme l s tp hp cc i tng c biu din nh l im
(point), ng (line), a gic polygon) mt cch phn bit.
1.8.1 Cc i tng kiu im (Point features)
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Cc i tng kiu im biu din cc d liu khng gian ti mt v tr, chng

hn ct in, trm in thoi, trung tm thnh ph, ging nc,.
im dng biu din cc i tng ngoi th gii thc m c v tr ri rc
v qu nh khng th m t nh mt vng c. Cc im c lu di dng
cc cp to (x, y).
Mt im bao gm hai gi tr (x, y) biu din to trong mt phng hay

im trong mt cn (kinh v ).
1.8.2 Cc i tng kiu ng (Line Features)
Cc ng (line) biu din cc i tng c dng ng, chng hn ng ng

cp nc, ng dy in, ng giao thng.
Cc ng c dng biu din cc i tng c chiu di, nhng li qu
hp m t nh l vng. Mt ng l mt tp hp cc cp to (x,y) c th
t, khi cc im ny c ni li vi nhau s biu din hnh dng ca ng.
1.8.3 Cc i tng a gic (polygon features)
Cc a gic biu din cc i tng mt vng ng nht khp kn. Mt a gic

l mt dy lin tip cc on thng c ni vi nhau to thnh mt vng khp
kn. Chng hn cc a gic biu din mt ta nh, mt vng t, mt x, huyn,
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hay tnh. Cc a gic c dng biu din cc i tng ln hay khng th

biu din nh l ng hoc im c.
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CHNG II
THANH MENU V THANH CNG C
2.1 Thanh Menu

2.1.1 File
- Close: ng ca s ang c kch hot.

- Close All: ng tt c ca s ang m.
- Set Working Directory: Thit lp th mc lm vic. Khi cc tp tin c
to ra trong qu trnh lm vic s cha trong th vin . y l bc quan trng
trong ng gi d liu.
- Save Project: Lu li project. Phn ny lu v qun l cc tp tin ca
chng trnh.
- Save Project As: Lu li project vi tn khc.
- Extensions: Chy chng trnh m rng ca Arcview.
- Print: In i tng ha hay dng bng ca ca s ang kch hot.
- Print Set up: t li ch in v trang in.
- Export: Xut ca s hin hnh ra di dng nh. Phn ny thng c s
dng trong vic xut cc bn c bin tp hon chnh trong trang in
(layout) sau c xut sang dng nh.
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- Manage Data Sources: Qun l ngun d liu. Phn ny cho php ngi s
dng copy, xa hay thay i tn ca mt lp d liu.
- Import Data Source : Nhp cc nh dng tp tin khc vo. Thng l t
nh dng bng sau s chuyn sang tp tin dng Raster.
- Export Data Source : Xut cc nh dng tp tin dng Raster sang dng
bng. Khi mi pixel trn bn tng ng vi mt trong bng .
- Exit: ng chng trnh ArcView.
2.1.2 Edit
- Cut Themes: Cut mt hoc nhiu lp d liu. Phn ny cho php dn d liu
t cc ca s (view) lm vic.
- Copy Themes: Copy mt hoc nhiu lp d liu.
- Delete Themes: Xa mt hoc nhiu lp d liu. Phn ny ch xa lp d
liu ra khi TOC, khng xa lp d liu ra khi a cng.
- Undo Graphics Edit: Quay li lnh trc sau khi to, chnh sa d liu.
- Cut Graphics: Cut mt hay nhiu i tng graphics.
- Copy Graphics: Copy mt hay nhiu i tng graphics.
- Delete Graphics: Xa mt hay nhiu i tng graphics.
- Combine Graphics: Kt hp nhiu i tng graphic thnh mt i tng
graphic.
- Union Graphics: Hp nht nhiu i tng graphic thnh mt i tng
graphic duy nht.
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- Subtract Graphics: Loi b phn chng lp ca mt i tng graphic t

mt i tng graphic khc.
- Intersect Graphics: To mt i tng graphic giao gia hai vng.
- Paste : Dn i tng graphic hoc theme.
- Select All Graphics: Chn tt c i tng graphic c trong ca s.
2.1.3 View
- Properties: Hin th hp thoi v thuc tnh ca ca s hin hnh cho php

thay i cc thng tin trn ca s nh n v bn , khong cch, h quy
chiu, tn ca s,
- Add Theme: Thm mt hay nhiu lp d liu vo trong ca s.
- Geocode Addresses: M ha a ch.
- Add Event Theme: Thm mt lp d liu dng im mi t mt bng.
- New theme: To mt lp d liu mi.
- Themes On: Hin th ton b cc lp d liu c trong ca s.
- Themes Off: Tt ton b cc lp d liu c trong ca s.
- Layout: To trang layout t ca s ang c kch hot bin tp bn
trc khi in.
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- TOC Style: nh dng li cho Table of Content (TOC). Cho php chnh font
ch hin th trong TOC, cch hin th i tng dng im, ng v vng.
- Full Extent: Hin th ton b cc i tng c trong ca s kch hot.
- Zoom In: Phng ln.
- Zoom Out: Thu nh.
- Zoom To Themes: Hin th cc lp d liu c kch hot.
- Zoom To Selected: Hin th i tng c chn trong lp d liu c
kch hot.
- Zoom Previous: Quay li trng thi hin th trc .
- Find: Tm i tng trong ca s theo thuc tnh ca i tng. Nu c
nhiu i tng ging nhau th s tm thuc tnh ca i tng u tin da theo
v tr ca i tng trong bng thuc tnh.
- Locate Adress: Xc nh v tr mt a ch trn ca s.
2.1.4 Theme
- Properties: Hin th hp thoi thuc tnh ca theme

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- Start/Stop Editing: M /tt ch bin tp theme, ng thi lu li lp d

liu .
- Save Edits: Lu li d liu sau khi bin tp cc i tng trn lp d liu
c kch hot.
- Save Edits As: Lu li cc bin tp cho lp d liu vi tn khc.
- Convert to Shapefile: Chuyn d liu sang nh dng shapefile.
- Convert to DXF file: Chuyn sang nh dng dxf ca chng trnh
AutoCAD.
- Convert to Grid: Chuyn sng nh dng Raster. Ch hin khi chng ta kch
hot phn m rng Spcetial Analyst.
- Edit Legend: M hp thoi to bng ch thch hay bin tp bn theo ch
.
- Hide/Show Legend: n/ hin bng ch thch.
- Re-match Addresses: Gn li a ch.
- Auto-label: Gn nhn t ng cho i tng.
- Remove Labels: Xa ton b cc nhn c gn trc .
- Remove Overlapping Labels: Xa cc nhn b trng lp.
- Convert Overlapping Labels: Chuyn cc nhn trng lp thnh cc nhn
khng trng lp.
- Table: M bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu ang c kch hot.
- Query: Truy vn cc i tng trong lp d liu ang c kch hot.
- Select By Theme: Chn i tng ca lp c kch hot theo mt lp d
liu khc.
- Create Buffers: To vng m cho i tng c chn.
- Clear Selected Features: B chn cc i tng c chn trc ca lp
c kch hot.
2.1.5 Graphic
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- Properties: M hp thoi thuc tnh ca graphic.

- Text and Label Defaults: Thit lp cc thuc tnh mc nh cho cc cng c
text v nhn.
- Size and Position: M hp thoi th hin cc thuc tnh v kch thc v v
tr.
- Align: Canh thng cc i tng graphic vi nhau.
- Bring to Front: c i tng ha c chn ln trc.
- Send to Back: c i tng ha c chn ra sau.
- Group: Nhm cc i tng ha thnh mt.
- Ungroup: Tch cc i tng ha trong nhm ra thnh cc i tng
ha ring l.
- Attach Graphics: Gn i tng ha c chn vi mt theme ang
c kch hot.
- Detach Graphics: B qua lnh Attach Graphics trc .
2.1.6 Window
- Tile: Sp xp cc ca s hin th ln y ca s ln mn hnh.

- Cascade: Sp xp cc ca s theo tng.
- Arrange Icons: Sp xp cc ca s theo biu tng.
- Show Symbol Window: Hin th ca s chnh sa thng tin cho cc i
tng trn ca s gm chnh font, mu sc, biu tng,
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2.2 Thanh cng c
ArcView GIS 3.3 phn bit r rng cc nt (Buttons) v cc cng c (Tools),

khi click vo cc nt trn thanh cng c, ngay lp tc chc nng ca nt s
c thc hin. Cn khi click vo mt nt cng c trn thanh Tools, chc nng
ca cng c s khng c thc hin ngay m phi ch khi c yu cu thc
hin tip theo.
Chc nng cc nt cng c v nt Tools
bng.
-
Promote: a phn d liu c chn trong bng thuc tnh ln u

Create Chart: To biu
Find: Tm kim mt i tng ring bit trn ch ang kch hot

(Editing).
Swich Select: Chuyn i quan li gia hai phn d liu c chn
khng chn trong bng thuc tnh.
-
Select All: Chn tt c cc i tng.
Select None: B chn i tng.
Sort Ascending: Sp xp li tt c cc mu tin trong bng theo th t

tng ca mt trng c chn.
Sort Descending:Sp xp li tt c cc mu tin trong bng theo th t
gim ca mt trng c chn.
Add Theme: M mt Theme mi trong ca s View (mt lp d liu
bn ).
Theme Properties: Cha nhiu chc nng khc nhau mh: xc nh ch
, chn v tr t nhn cho ch , t mi trng hin th, lin kt cho ch .. .
Ct, tch theo tng mng trong bn s, chnh sa d liu ca mt Theme
Open Theme Table: M mt bng d liu gn vi mt lp d liu khng
gian trong ca s View.
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Zoom to Full Extent: Nu bn ang c phng to hay thu nh

mt ch hin th no , kch vo nt ny a tt c cc ch trong View
v ch hin th ton b trn mn hnh.
Zoom to Active Theme(s): a mt ch ang c kch hot v ch
hin th ton b trn mn hnh. Ch ang c kch hot l ch c hnh
ch nht ni bao quanh tn v ch gii ca ch trong TOC.
Identify: Xem y cc thng tin v tng chi tit, thnh phn trong
mt i tng t chn trn bn .
Pointer: S dng chut ch n tng i tng hay la chn i
tng trn ch .
Vertex Edit: Chnh sa i tng bn (thng thng s dng khi gp
li chng vng hay khong trng do s xut trong thao tc s ha bn ).
Select Feature: Chn i tng trn bn c th khoanh vng chn
nhiu i tng cng mt lc.
-
Zoom in: Phng to i tng.
Zoom out: Thu nh i tng.
Label: Hin th tn ca i tng c chn.
Text: To mi trng nhp vn bn trong Arcview.
Draw point: Cng c dng v im, ng, vng trong thao tc s

ha bn .
-
Pan: Di chuyn trc tip cc ch .
Edit: Nhp d liu thuc tnh cho bng thuc tnh.
Query builder: Tm kim i tng trn bn bng cch s dng biu

thc truy vn.
Zoom out: Dng thu nh dn tt c cc ch ang hin th trn mn
hnh tnh t tm mn hnh hin th ca ca s View.
Zoom in: Phng to dn tt c cc ch ang hin th trn mn hnh tnh
t tm mn hnh hin th ca ca s View.
2.3 Giao din chnh ca chng trnh
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2.3.1 n ca ArcView (Project)

Mi mt khi bt u lm vic vi ArcView, chng s thy mt ca s nh hnh
di y. C s ca ng dng ArcView c mt ca s n cha c t tn
(untitled). Ct bn tri ca ca s n l nhm cc biu tng (icon) tng ng
vi mi mt loi ti liu (document). Cc ti liu trong ArcView cung cp cng c
thao tc vi d liu, v ng vi mi loi ti liu s c cch hin th, cc cng c
v cch thc thao tc vi d liu khc nhau.
Ca s n ca ArcView c dng thm ti liu mi vo n v dng
qun l cc ti liu c sn.
Thanh menu, thanh nt lnh v thanh cng c trong ca s ArcView thay i
ty theo loi ca s ti liu c kch hot (active). Chng hn, trong hnh di,
ca s n ang c kch hot nn c 4 menu trn thanh menu v 2 nt lnh
trong thanh nt lnh.
a. Giao din ha vi ngi dng ca ArcView
Giao din ha vi ngi dng ca ArcView c t pha trn ca ca s.

Giao din ha vi ngi dng bao gm thanh menu, thanh nt lnh v thanh
cng c. Cc thanh menu, thanh cng c v nt lnh gip cho ngi d dng thc
hin cc thao tc vi d liu mt cch d dng v nhanh chng. Mi mt loi ti
liu c tp hp cc menu, nt lnh v cng c khc nhau. Mi khi thay i loi ti
liu lm vic cn phi ch n s thay i ca thanh menu, thanh cng c v
thanh nt lnh.
b. Ca s n
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Trong ArcView, tt c cc n c lu trong tp tin vi phn m rng l

.apr. Ct bn tri ca ca s n, mi mt biu tng ng vi cc loi ti liu
ang c s dng trong n.
2.3.2 Cc loi ti liu ca n
Cc n ca ArcView khng lu c s d liu. AcrView lu vic s dng

cc loi d liu trong tp tin n (tp tin n c phn m rng l .apr), cc
thng tin v Khung nhn (Views), Bng (Tables), Biu (Charts), B cc trang
in (Layouts) v cc on chng trnh (Scripts).
a. Khung nhn (Views)

Views dng hin th d liu a l c t chc thnh cc theme. Mt theme l tp
hp cc i tng c lin quan vi nhau, chng hn cc quc gia, cc qun, huyn, thnh
ph, ung x, cng vi cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng. Mt View bao gm vng
hin th bn v ct bn tr1i ca View l bng danh mc (Table Of Contents TOC),
hay ch gii. Bng danh mc cho bit danh sch cc theme c trong view v theme no
ang c hin th trong View. Tn ca View c hin th trn thanh tiu ca ca s
view.
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Mi mt theme trong bng danh mc c hp kim tra bn cnh tn. Nu hp kim tra
c nh du chn th theme c hin th. Nu hp kim tra khng c nh du
chn th theme khng c hin th.
Bng danh mc cn cho bit hin ti theme no ang c kch hot, theme ang lm
vic. kch hot hay chn mt theme lm vic, kch ln tn ca theme (khng phi
kch ln hp kim tra). Khi theme c kch hot, tn ca theme cng vi ch gii c
ni ln.
Ngoi ra, th t ca theme t trn xung cng ng vi th t trong vng hin th. Cc
theme s c v ln lt t theme nm di trong bng danh mc ln trn. Ngha l
theme nm trn s che khut theme nm di.
b. Bng (Tables)
Bng trnh by cc d liu thnh hng (record) v ct (column). Trong bng m c lin
kt vi d liu a l, gi l bng thuc tnh, mi mt hng ca bng l mt mc tin
(record) ng vi mt i tng v mt ct (trng) biu din mt tnh cht ca i
tng.
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c. Biu (Chart)
Biu dng biu din d liu bng di dng ha. Trong ArcView, biu c
tch hp hon ton vi bng (tables) v khung nhn (view). iu ny c ngha l, c th
chn cc mc tin trong bng (ng vi cc i tng) m cn trnh by trong biu bng
cch kch chn i tng trong theme. C th ly thng tin t biu .
Trong ArcView c th s dng 6 loi biu vng (area), dng (bar), dt (column), trn
(pie) v im (x, y scatter). Biu c th c iu chnh cho ph hp vi nhu cu trnh
din, v c th a biu vo b cc trang in.
d. B cc trang in (Layouts)
B cc trang in l cc ti liu dng sp xp cc thnh phn nh l Views, Table, Chart,
hnh nh, ch gii, tiu nh l cc thnh phn ha. Sau khi b cc xong th c th in
ra giy in hay xut sang cc dng khc dng cho cc cng vic trnh din, bo co.
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e. on chng trnh (Scripts)

Avenue l ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng ca ArcView. C th ti u ha hu ht
cc mt ca AcrView vi Avuenue bng cc chng trnh (program) hay cc kch bn
(script). Avenue cho php vit cc on lnh thm mt nt lnh vo giao din hay loi
b cc menu khng cn thit.
Cc on lnh ca Avenue c vit trong cc ca s ti liu Scripts. Cc ti liu Script
cho php thc hin cc thao tc son tho, sa cha, bin dch v thc thi cc script.
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CHNG III
TO D LIU TRONG ARCVIEW

3.1 To d liu khng gian
Trong qu trnh lm vic cn phi to th vin lm vin cho chng trnh trc
nhm mc ch cc tp tin to ra s cha trong th vin , trch tht lc cc tp
tin ng thi th vin cng chnh l gi sn phm ca qu trnh lm vic. Trn
thanh Menu chn File/ Set Working Directory, xut hin hp thoi sau
Nhp ng dn vo th vin lm vic ca chng trnh. Ngoi ra chng ta c

th dn ng dn vo bng cch nhn Ctrl+V. Ch : Cn phi to mt th vin
(folder) trc trong a cng.
Ngoi ra chng ta cn hiu r cc biu tng trong qu trnh lm vic vi cc
lp d liu. hin th lp d liu trong TOC ln ca s hin th nh du chn
pha trc tn lp d liu . kch hot lp d liu trong TOC bng cch
kch ln tn ca lp d liu trong TOC, khi lp c kch hot s ni ln v c
vin m bao xung quanh.
bc mi trng chnh sa ca lp kch hot, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/
Start Editing, khi du chn pha trc ca lp c bc mi trng chnh sa
s c nt t . Khi khng c lp d liu no c bc mi trng chnh sa,
thanh cng c dng v vn hin ln nhng khi s dng cng c ny v th
cc i tng c v chnh l cc Graphic, ch c d liu ha v khng c
d liu thuc tnh, mt nh c mu en v i tng dng vng s khng c mu
nn. xa cc i tng ny th khng c bc mi trng chnh sa ln, s
dng cng c Pointer chn cc i tng ha ri nhn phm Delete.
3.1.1 To theme dng im
D liu im dung biu din cho cc i tng khng gian qu nh, khng
th m phng thnh mt ng hoc mt Polygon. im c i din xc
nh v tr ca cc i tng, v d nh nh my, x nghip, trng hc, . . .
to d liu dng im trong ArcView GIS , cn tin hnh cc bc sau:
- To mt view mi, kch vo biu tng
click vo nt New.
trong ca s Project , sau
- T thanh cng c View chn New Theme, hp thoi xut hin nh sau:
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- Chn i tng l Point, sau click OK, v hp thoi tip theo s xut hin
nh sau:
- Trong hp thoi ny, ArcView yu cu t tn v ch ng dn lu tp

tin mi ny. Tn file mi to ra s c lu tr di nh dng shapefile, c phn
m rng l *.shp. Sau click OK, mt lp d liu c to ra v ang dng
chnh sa.
- Kch vo nt cng c Draw Point
to cc i tng dng im.
, sau click chut n cc v tr mun
- Sau khi hon thnh vic to im cho lp d liu chn lnh Theme/ Stop
Editing lu d liu v dng ch chnh sa, cn nu chn Theme/ Save Edit
th ch lu li d liu cn mi trng chnh sa vn c kch hot.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th to lp d liu dng im t mt bng d liu cha
ta ca cc im . u tin cn phi m bng d liu ln, trong ca s
Project, chn th Table sau nhn vo nt Add
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Nhn nt Add xut hin hp thoi m tp tin dng bng
Cc nh dng h tr l dBASE (*.dbf) , INFO v Delimited (*.txt).
T ca s View, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Add Event Theme, xut hin
hp thoi sau
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Table: Lp d liu cn to.
X field: Ta X.
Y field: Ta Y.
Lp d liu a vo ch cho php hin th d liu khng cho php chnh sa,
do mun lm vic trn lp ny th chuyn chng v nh dng ca Arcview l
Shapefile bng cch lu chng li nh dng *.shp bng lnh Theme/ Convert to
Shapefile.
3.1.2 To theme dng ng
Nu nh d liu ca l cc i tng qu hp v thnh Polygon, chng hn

nh con ng, tuyn ng ng, th khi nn to theme dng ng (line)
trong ArcView. V d nh to theme biu din cc ng ph trong mt khu vc
mi. Trn thanh Menu chn View/New Theme, xut hin hp thoi New Theme,
chn Line trong khung chn Feature type
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Gi s ti lu tp tin ny c tn l duong.shp. Nhn OK, mt lp d liu mi

c to ra. To i tng dng ng, trn thanh Draw chn cng c Draw Line
, tin hnh v cc i tng dng ng.
a. X l d liu khng gian

Ct ng
Trong theme ng x ca, cn v mt ng mi m ct ngang mt ng
hin c. cn phi to mt giao im (intersection) ni m hai ng cho nhau
bng cch ct cc ng ny. Nu nh khng ct cc ng ny th ng mi s
khng ni vi ng hin c v iu ny c ngha l biu din ng vt
(overpass).
Trong ArcView, c th s dng cng c ct ng (Split)
to ng
mi c ct vi ng ang c ti ch n i ngang qua, v cng ct tt c cc
ng m i ngang qua, v chnh bn thn n cng b ct. Gi s hin ti, trong
theme ca ang c hai ng nm ngang, dng cng c ct ng (Line Split)
thm mt ng mi, cch s dng cng tng t cch dng vi cng c v
ng (Line), nhng ng hin c v ng mi b ct thnh hai ng ri nhau
ti im chng cho nhau. By gi trn theme ca c bn ng, c th thy nh
trong hnh di y, bi v bng thuc tnh by gi c bn record.
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Ghi ch: Vi mi i tng ng mi m thm vo bng cng c ct

ng (Line Split) phi ct ngang t nht mt ng khc.
X l d liu thuc tnh
Khi to mt theme dng ng mi, mt bng thuc tnh s c to mt cch
t ng cho theme ny. Khi thm mt ng mi vo theme ny, ArcView s
thm mt record biu din i tng vo bng thuc tnh ca theme. C th thm
trng mi v bng ny cha thm cc d liu thuc tnh ca theme.
C th tham kho li phn Nhp d liu thuc tnh cho i tng im.
Chng hn mun thm mt trng thuc tnh lu gi tr chiu di ca
ng.
- M bng thuc tnh ca theme cha cc i tng mun tnh chiu di. V d
theme Duong.
- Trong menu Edit, chn Start Editing (ngoi tr trng hp bng ang trang
thi hiu chnh).
- Thm trng d liu kiu s v bng. Trong v d ny, t tn trng l
Chieudai. Trong bng, kch tn ca trng chn trng.
- Kch nt tnh ton (Calculate)
hin th hp thoi tnh ton cho trng.
- Trong hp c nhn [ChieuDai]=, nhp:

[Shape].ReturnLength
v kch OK.
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Cc gi tr ca trng chiu di trong bng thuc tnh ca theme s c tnh.
S thay i ca d liu thuc tnh

c th t lut cp nht thuc tnh xc nh cch thc cp nht cc gi tr
ca cc thuc tnh trong bng thuc tnh sau khi ct ng bng cng c ct (Line
Split) hoc ghp bng chc nng Union Feature. Chng hn sau khi ct mt
ong, c th xc lp cch thc gn gi tr cho hai ng mi t ng ban u.
i vi cc theme dng ng c cc cch t cc lut cp nht d liu cho cc
trung n hay l khong cc trng.
Cp nht thuc tnh vi trng n
Bt k mt trng no trong bng thuc tnh l trng n. Chng hn cc
trng n trong bng thuc tnh ca theme ng c th l Ten_duong,
Chieu_dai, cap.
i vi mi mt trng n trong bng thuc tnh, c th chn mt trong cc
lut ct sau:
Blank: cc gi tr ca hai ng mi s trng.
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Copy: gi tr gc ca i tng trc khi ct s c gn cho c hai c hai

ng mi. (La chn ny uc t mc nh).
Proportion: Gi tr gc ca i tng trc khi ct s c chi theo t l cho
hai ng mi.
Shape Length: gi tr ca cc ng mi s l chiu di ca ng. (La chn
ny l mc nh i vi trng c tn l Length).
i vi mi mt trng n trong bng thuc tnh, c th chn mt trong cc
lut ghp sau:
Blank: gi tr ca ng mi sau khi ghp s trng.
Copy: gi tr ca mi ca i tng c ly t gi tr ca hng u tin theo
th t ban u ca bng(La chn ny uc t mc nh)
Proportion: Gi tr ca i tng mi s c tnh l gi tr trung bnh theo t
l ca cc i tng gc.
Add: Gi tr mi l tng gi tr ca cc i tng gc.
Average: Gi tr thuc tnh ca i tng mi l gi tr trung bnh ca cc i
tng ban u.
Shape Length: gi tr ca cc ng mi s l chiu di ca ng. (La chn
ny l mc nh i vi trng c tn l Length).
t lut cp nht gi tr thuc tnh cho cc trng n trong bng thuc tnh
ca theme
- Kch hot theme, m menu Theme, chn chc nng Theme Properties
- Trong hp thoi theme properties, kch biu tong Editing xem cc thuc
tnh hiu chnh theme. Trong khung Attribute Update, chn tn cc trng ca
bng thuc tnh trong hp thoi tha Field.
- Kch chn hp kim tra Filed Type l Single.
- Chn cc lut cp nht khi ghp cc i tng trong hp thoi th Union rule
s p dng cho tng trng.
- Chn cc lut cp nht khi ct cc i tng trong hp thoi th Split rule s
p dng cho tng trng.
- Kch nt OK.
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Cp nht thuc tnh vi trng khong

Trng kiu khong l trng m c ghp cp vi trng khc trong bng
thuc tnh. Chng hn, trong bng thuc tnh ca theme ng giao thng c
dng nh l theme tham chiu trong geocode, thng c thng tin v khong s
nh ca hai bn ng, to thnh cc cp trng, t s nh bt u n s nh kt
thc. V d trong bng thuc tnh c trng BatDauT cha gi tr l s nh u
tin bn tri ca on ng v KTTrai cha s nh cui cng bn tri ca on
ng.
Khi thc hin cc thao tc ct ng bng cng c Line Split hoc ghp cc
ng bng la chn Union Feature, th ArcView s t ng duy tr khong s
nh trong cc cp trng.
3.1.3 To theme dng vng
Nu nh d liu ca l cc i tng ln v thnh Polygon hoc khng

th v dng im hoc ng, cn phi to mt theme c dng Polygon. Cc i
tng dng Polygon biu din cc Polygon ng nht hoc tng i ng nht
chng hn nh cc Polygon x, khu cng nghip, mnh t, khu vc rng,
Trong v d ny, gi s ta xy dng bn cc Polygon ng vt hoang d,
- M view m mun thm theme mi hot to view mi.
- Trong menu View, chn New Theme. Trong hp thoi, chn kiu cc i
tng ca theme l Polygon, v nhn OK.
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- Trong hp thoi tip theo t tn cho tp tin m ArcView dng lu cc d

liu m thm vo theme.
to mt Polygon c hnh dng bt k, kch chn cng c v Polygon
(Polygon)
. Kch im u tin ca Polygon, ln lt kch tng nh ca ranh
gii ca Polygon, v kch i ti nh cui cng.
to Polygon c hnh trn, kch chn cng c hnh trn (Cirlce)
, a con
tr n tm ca hnh trn, nhn v gi chut, ko cho n khi hnh trn c kch
thuc cn thit, th nt chut kt thc.
To mt Polygon hnh ch nht, chn cng c v hnh ch nht (Rectangle)
, a con tr chut n ni mun l mt gc ca hnh ch nht, ko con chut
cho n khi hnh ch nht c kch thc cn thit, th nt chut.
a. X l d liu khng gian

to mt Polygon
S dng cng c t ng hon chnh (AutoComplete)
mi khi Polygon dng chung mt phn ranh gii ca cc Polygon c. Bng
cch ny, s khng phi v phn ranh gii ca Polygon m c biu din
trong theme. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
- Kch nt bng cng c v hnh
, trong danh sch cc cng c c th
(nu nt ny b
xung, kch chn cng c t ng hon chnh (AutoComplete)
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m tc l theme ca hin khng trng thi hiu chnh. Chn Start Editing trong
menu Theme)
- V mt ng m c im u v im cui nm bt k v tr no trong
Polygon gn vi Polygon mi ang c to. v ng, ln lt kch cc nh
ca ng, kch i ti im cui cng. Trong khi v, c th v vt qua cc ranh
gii ca cc Polygon ang c.
- Sau khi v ng xong, ArcView s t ng hon chnh Polygon mi, v loi

b cc im vut qu ca ng c v.
Ct cc Polygon
v
Trong khi hiu chnh cc Polygon, c th s dng cng c ct (Split)
mt ng ct ngang mt Polygon m mun chia n ra thnh 2 phn ri nhau.
Chng hn mun to mt theme vi 10 Polygon lin k nhau th c th to mt
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Polygon ln bao ph 10 Polygon ny v dng cng c ct Polygon (split) v

cc ng bin gia cc Polygon ct thnh 10 Polygon lin k.
Kch hot theme vung.shp, chn Start Editing trong menu Theme. Kch nt
m hp cng c v, chn cng c ct
.
bng cng c
V mt ng ngang qua Polygon cn ct. v ng Click ti im u ca
ng, kch ti cc nh ca ng v kch i ti nh cui cng, cn phi v
ng i ngang qua Polygon cn ct, v ng ct c th i ngang qua nhiu
Polygon.
Sau khi v xong, ArcView s t ng ct cc Polygon theo ng ct va v.
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Ghp cc Polygon
Chng ta c cc polygon v mun ghp li thnh mt i tng th dng chc
nng Union Feature. Php hp cc i tng s to mt i tng c hp t cc
i tng c chn, nu cc Polygon c chn c ng bin chung th
ng bin ny s b loi b. Nu cc Polygon c chn c phn b chng ln
nhau, th cc ng bin ca phn chung s b loi b to mt Polygon. Nu
cc Polygon khng k nhau hay khng c phn chung, th sau khi hp ta s c mt
i tng vi nhiu phn.
Dng cng c Pointer
chn cc ng m mun ghp li vi nhau.
Trong menu Edit, chn Union Features. ng bin chung ca cc Polygon ny s

b loi b v cc Polygon ny s tr thnh mt Polygon.
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b. X l d liu thuc tnh

Khi to mt theme dng Polygon mi, mt bng thuc tnh s c to mt cch
t ng cho theme ny. Khi thm mt Polygon mi vo theme ny, ArcView s
thm mt record biu din i tng vo bng thuc tnh ca theme. C th thm
trng mi v bng ny cha thm cc d liu thuc tnh ca theme.
C th tham kho li phn Nhp d liu thuc tnh cho i tng im.
Thm trng chu vi v din tch ca Polygon vo bng thuc tnh ca theme
- M bng thuc tnh ca theme cha cc i tng mun tnh chu vi, din tch.
- Trong menu Edit, chn Start Editing (ngoi tr trng hp bng ang trang
thi hiu chnh).
- T menu Edit, chn Add Field, Thm trng d liu kiu s vo bng (ChuVi,
Dientich).
Trong bng, kch tn ca trng chn trng.
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- Kch nt tnh ton (Calculate)
hin th hp thoi tnh ton cho trng.
- Trong hp biu thc, nhp:

[Shape].ReturnLength
tnh chu vi ca Polygon, hoc nhp
[Shape].ReturnArea
tnh din tch ca Polygon
- Sau , Click OK.

S thay i ca d liu thuc tnh sau khi ct, ghp cc i tng dng Polygon
C th t lut cp nht thuc tnh xc nh cch thc cp nht cc gi tr ca
cc thuc tnh trong bng thuc tnh sau khi ct ng bng cng c ct (Polygon
Split) hoc ghp bng chc nng Union Feature (chc nng Combine feature cng
ghp cc Polygon, nhng cc lut cp nht s khng c tc dng khi s dng chc
nng ny).
Sau khi ct mt Polygon thnh hai Polygon, c th xc lp cch gn gi tr cho cc
thuc tnh ca hai Polygon mi t gi tr ca Polygon ban u.
Khi hp cc Polygon li thnh mt Polygon, cng c th xc lp cch gn gi tr
ca cc thuc tnh cho Polygon mi t gi tr ca cc Polygon ban u.
Cp nht gi tr thuc tnh sau khi ct, ghp Polygon
i vi mi mt trng n trong bng thuc tnh, c th chn mt trong cc lut
ct sau:
Blank: cc gi tr ca hai Polygon mi s trng.
Copy: gi tr gc ca i tng trc khi ct s c gn cho c hai Polygon mi.
(La chn ny c t mc nh)
Proportion: Gi tr gc ca i tng trc khi ct s c chia theo t l din
tch cho hai Polygon mi.
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Shape Area: Gi tr ca cc Polygon mi s l din tch ca Polygon. (La chn

ny l mc nh i vi trng c tn l Area).
Shape Perimeter: Gi tr ca cc Polygon mi s l chu vi ca Polygon. (La
chn ny l mc nh i vi trng c tn l Perimeter).
i vi mi mt trng trong bng thuc tnh, c th chn mt trong cc lut
ghp sau:
Blank: Gi tr ca Polygon mi sau khi ghp s trng.
Copy: Gi tr ca mi ca i tng c ly t gi tr ca hng u tin theo th
t ban u ca bng (La chn ny uc t mc nh).
Proportion: Gi tr ca i tng mi s c tnh l gi tr trung bnh theo t l
din tch ca cc i tng gc.
Add: Gi tr mi l tng gi tr ca cc i tng gc.
Average: Gi tr thuc tnh ca i tng mi l gi tr trung bnh ca cc i
tng ban u.
Shape Area: Gi tr ca cc Polygon mi s l din tch ca Polygon. (La chn
ny l mc nh i vi trng c tn l Area).
Shape Perimeter: Gi tr ca cc Polygon mi s l chu vi ca Polygon. (La
chn ny l mc nh i vi trng c tn l Perimeter).
t lut cp nht gi tr thuc tnh cho cc trng trong bng thuc tnh ca theme
dng Polygon
- Kch hot theme, m menu Theme, chn chc nng Theme Properties
- Trong hp thoi theme properties, kch biu tong Editing xem cc thuc tnh
hiu chnh theme. Trong khung Attribute Update, chn tn cc trng ca bng
thuc tnh trong hp thoi Field.
- Chn cc lut cp nht khi ghp cc i tng trong hp thoi Union rule s p
dng cho tng trng.
- Chn cc lut cp nht khi ct cc i tng trong hp thoi Split rule s p dng
cho tng trng.
- Kch nt OK.
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3.1.4 t mi trng bt dnh (snap)
Trc khi bt u v cc ng, phi quyt nh cc i tng ny phi gp

nhau v c sp xp mt cch hon chnh. Nu nh iu ny quan trng cho tt
c cc ng cng hng n mt im chung v cng s dng chung im u
(endpoint) khng b vt qu hay cha n, khi cn phi ci t mi trng
bt dnh. Khi dng mi trng bt dnh, ArcView s di chuyn cc nh (vertex)
hoc cc on thng (line segment) ca i tng m va thm vo canh cho
ngay (align) vi nh hay on thng m nm trong mt khong cch xc nh, gi
l khong dung sai bt dnh (snap tolerance). Trong hai hnh sau minh ha hiu
qu ca dng snap.
Cc ng trong view ca hnh bn tri c v khi m cha t mi trng

bt dnh. Cc ng ca view trong hnh bn phi c v khi t mi trng
bt dnh.
Nu nh mun cc i tng dng ng ca s t ng bt dnh vo cc
ng khc khi n nm trong mt khong cch nht nh, th t mi trng bt
dnh tng qut (general snapping). Bt dnh tng qut l bt dnh i tng i
tng m s thc hin ngay khi thm i tng mi.
a. t mi trng bt dnh tng qut bng cch nhp khong dung sai
- Kch hot theme m mun hiu chnh bng cch kch ln tn ca theme trong
TOC ca view.
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- Trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Properties hay kch nt Theme Properties
- Trong hp thoi, kch biu tng Editing hin th cc tnh cht ca vic
hiu chnh theme. Trong khung snap, kch vo hp kim tra General bt chc
nng snap. Nhp gi tr ca khong dung sai vo hp vn bn Tolerance. Nhn
OK.
b. t mi trng bt dnh tng qut bng chut

- Trong menu view, nhn v gi nt phi chut hin th popup menu, v
chn Enable General Snapping trong menu ny.
- Kch nt bng cng c snap

, trong danh sch cng c c th xung,
chn cng c General Snap . Trong view, kch nt chut v ko ra mt hnh
trn biu din khong cch ca khong dung sai. Bn knh ca hnh trn c hin
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th trn thnh trng thi ca view. Bn knh ny chnh l khong dung sai tng
qut.
kim sot vic bt dnh cc i tng c tt hn th dng bt dnh tng
tc (interactive snapping). Vi bt dnh tng tc (interactive snapping), c th
p dng cc quy lut bt dnh khc nhau cho mi nh khi thm i tng ng
mi. Bng cch ny s kim sot c vic bt dnh ca cc nh nh ca ng
m thm vo vi cc ng ang c trn theme.
- Kch nt bng cng c snap
, trong danh sch cng c c th xung,
chn cng c Interactive Snap
. Trong view, kch nt chut v ko ra mt hnh
trn biu din khong cch ca khong dung sai. Bn knh ca hnh trn c hin
th trn thnh trng thi ca view. Bn knh ny chnh l khong dung sai tng
tc.
Nu nh t mi trng bt dnh tng tc nh nu trn, th trong khi
thm ng, c th nhn v gi nt phi chut hin th popup menu, v c th
chn mt trong cc cch bt dnh trong menu kim sot cch thm nh mi
ca ng s c bt dnh vo ng c sn trong view.
Snap to Vertex: nh kt tip s c bt dnh vo nh gn nht ca ng
hin c trong theme nm trong khong dung sai.
Snap to Boundary: nh kt tip s c bt dnh vo on (line segment)
gn nht nm trong khong dung sai.
Snap to Endpoint: nh k tip s c bt dnh vo im cui gn nht ca
ng hin c trong theme.
Snap to Intersection: nh k tip s c bt dnh vo im chung gn
nht ca hai hai nhiu ng.
3.2 Hiu chnh i tng
S dng cng c hiu chnh nh (Vertex Edit)
thay i hnh dng
(shape) ca ng bng cch di chuyn cc nh, thm nh mi hoc xo nh.
Trong khi hiu chnh ng, c th chn bo ton topology hoc khng, bng cch
chn cc i tng:
- Khi chn mt ng, mi s hiu chnh cc nh s ch nh hng n
ng ny.
- Khi chn mt on ng chung ca hai ng, mi s hiu chnh ca u
nh hng n c hai ng.
- Khi chn node chung ca hai hay nhiu ng th s hiu chnh ca s nh
hng n cc ng cha node ny.
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3.2.1 Di chuyn nh bng cng c hiu chnh nh

a con tr chut ln trn nh m mun di chuyn. Khi m con tr chut c
dng du ch thp, nhn v gi nt chut, ko nh n ni mi v th nt chut.
3.2.2 Thm nh bng cng c hiu chnh nh
a con tr chut n v tr m mun thm nh trn ng. Khi m con tr
chut c dng vng trn vi ch thp bn trong, kch nt tri chut.
3.2.3 Xa nh bng cng c hiu chnh nh
a con tr chut kn trn nh cn xa. Khi m con tr chut c dng ch
thp th nhn phm DELETE trn bn phm.
3.2.4 Thay i hnh dng ca mt ng
- Kch cng c hiu chnh nh (Vertex Edit)
- Kch chn ng. Khi ny s xut hin cc hnh vung rng bao quanh mi
nh ca ng.
- By gi c th di chuyn, thm, xa cc nh, ch c ng ny thay i.
3.2.5 Thay i on chung ca hai i tng

- Kch chn cng c hiu chnh nh (Vertex Edit)
- Kch ln nh ca on chung m mun hiu chnh. Cc khung hnh vung s

bao quanh nh chn, cc vng trn s bao quanh cc nh b neo.
- Di chuyn nh chung c khung hnh vung bao quanh
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3.2.6 Di chuyn node chung ca cc i tng

- Kch chn cng c hiu chnh nh (Vertex Edit)
- Kch ln node chung ca cc ng m mun hiu chnh. Cc khung hnh

vung s bao quanh nh chn, cc vng trn s bao quanh cc nh b neo.
- Di chuyn node chung, tt c cc ng c node chung ny u thay i.
3.2.7 Thm, xa Node

S dng cng c Vertex trn thanh Main xc nh cc Node ca i tng
bng cch kch vo i tng .
- Thm Node Dng cng c vertex kch ln i tng mun thm node.
- Di chuyn mt node, dng chut kch v gi chut tri ko r chut n v tr
mi
- Xa node, kch phi v gi chut chut Shape Properties xut hin hp thoi
sau.
Chn Node cn xa bn hp thoi bn tri ri nhn nt Delete.

- Ngoi ra nu mun chnh sa li v tr ca mt node bng cch kch chn nt
Edit sau kch chn ln v tr mi ca node trn ca s ri nhn OK
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Trong ca s ny nu mun thm Node cho i tng th i tng s to

thm node mi tnh t node c chn ca i tng .
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CHNG IV
LM VIC VI D LIU
4.1 Chnh sa cc i tng khng gian

Mun chnh sa cc i tng khng gian cn phi bc mi trng chnh sa
i tng, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Start Editing
4.1.1 Combine
Lnh ny dng hp cc i tng v loi b phn chung gia cc i tng
. Chn cc i tng cn mun hp li, trn thanh Menu chn Edit/ Combine
Features
4.1.2 Union Features

Lnh ny dng kt hp cc i tng li vi nhau v phn chung ca cc
i tng vn c gi li. Chn cc i tng cn mun kt hp li vi nhau,
trn thanh Menu chn Edit/ Union Features
4.1.3 Subtract Features

Lnh ny dng ct phn chung gia cc i tng. Trn thanh Menu chn
Edit/ Subtract Features. Trong qu trnh ct cn xc nh r i tng no cn ct,
nu mun ct i tng nm trn th trong qu trnh thi hnh lnh nhn nt Shift,
cn nu mun ct i tng nm di th nguyn.
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4.1.4 Intersect Features

Lnh ny dng ct v gi li phn chung gia cc i tng. Trn thanh
Menu chn Edit/ Intersect Features.
4.1.5 Hin th d liu ca cu truy vn

Arcview cho php ta truy vn d liu v ch hin th phn d liu c truy
vn. Thng c s dng khi chng ta mun hin th mt vi huyn trong mt
tnh no . u tin cn kch hot lp d liu, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/
Properties, xut hin hp thoi
Kch chn nt Query
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Gi s ti mun hin th hai huyn l Tp. Bin Ha v Thng Nht
Nh vy ch cn hai i tng c chn hin th. Tng ng nh vy trong

bng thuc tnh ch cn hai i tng ny. Nu mun to lp d liu ch cha hai
i trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Convert to Shapefile lu li.
4.2 Tm kim quan h khng gian
Phn ny cho php chng ta tm kim cc i tng theo mt iu kin no
vi cc i tng ca mt lp d liu khc. Trong hnh di chng ta s tm kim
cc i tng trong lp Qhe.shp vi cc i tng ca lp Thamchieu.shp.
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Kch hot lp d liu mun tm kim quan h khng gian (Qhe.shp), trn thanh
Menu chn Theme/ Select by Feature, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Select features of active themes that: Chn cc i tng trong lp c

kch hot c quan h khng gian vi lp khc hay lp tham chiu(the select
features of). C cc kiu quan h khng gian sau:
Are Completely Within: Cc i tng ca lp kch hot nm hon ton
trong cc i tng ca lp tham chiu.
Completely Contain: Cc i tng ca lp c kch hot cha hon

ton cc i tng ca lp tham chiu.
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Have their Center In: Tm ca cc i tng kch hot nm trong cc i

tng tham chiu.
Contain the Center of: Cc i tng ca lp c kch hot cha tm

ca cc i tng tham chiu.
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Intersect: Cc i tng kch hot nm chng ln cc i tng tham

chiu. Lnh ny thng c s dng khi mun xc nh cc vng c ng giao
thng chy qua, xc nh cc khu vc cn quy hoch,
Are Within Distance of: Chn cc i tng ca lp kch hot nm trong

ng trn c bn knh c nh sn (Select Distance) ca cc i tng tham
chiu. Thng c s dng xc nh cc vng c cc i tng nh: im
nhim, im chy rng, Phn ny chng ta s tm kim quan h khng gian vi
lp im
Ngoi ra chng ta c th tm kim quan h khng gian kiu Interset thng qua
lp d liu Graphic. u tin v cc lp d liu dng graphic bng cng c Draw,
sau kch chn lp cn tm quan h khng gian, trn thanh cng c kch chn
nt lnh select features using grahic
, khi cc i tng ca lp c kch
hot s c mu vng sng (mu biu th cc i tng c chn).
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4.3 To vng m
Thng c s dng khi mun m rng ng giao thng, vng m cho cc
khu vc bo v nh vn quc gia. Trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Create Buffer,
xut hin hp thoi sau
- The graphics in your view: To vng m cho cc i tng dng ha

trn ca s hin th.
- The features of a theme: To vng m cho cc i tng trong lp c
chn bn nt lnh bn di.
- Use only the selected features: Ch to vng m cho cc i tng c
chn trong lp c chn.
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- At a specified distance: Khong to vng m do ngi s dng nhp vo.

Cc i tng s to ra cc vng m ging nhau.
- At a distance from an attribute field: Ly gi tr to vng m t mt
trng thuc tnh. Cc i tng to vng m theo gi tr ca trng thuc tnh
.
- As multiple rings: To theo nhiu vng m quanh tm i tng.
+ Number of rings: S vng m cn to ra.
+ Distance between rings: Khong cch gia cc vng m.
- Distance units are: n v ca gi tr to vng m
- Dissolve barriers between buffer: To phn giao gia cc vng m ca cc

i tng. Nu ch mun to mt vng m t cc i tng th chn Yes (phn
giao gia cc vng m cc cc i tng s mt), cn mun to cc vng m t
cc i tng th chn No.
- Create buffer so they are: Phn ny ch hin th khi to vng m cho cc
i tng dng ng.
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+ Inside and Outsidethe polygon(s): To vng m bn trong v bn ngoi

i tng.
+ Only outside the polygon(s): Ch to vng m bn ngoi i tng.
+ Only inside the polygon(s): Ch to vng m bn trong i tng.
- Where do you want the buffer to be saved: ni lu tr cc i tng vng
m.
+ As graphics in the view: Lu dng d liu ha trn ca s hin th.
+ In an existing theme: Lu vo mt lp d liu ang hin hnh.
+ In a new theme: Lu vo mt lp d liu mi.
4.4 Lm vic vi d liu thuc tnh

4.4.1 Xem thng tin ca i tng
xem thng tin cc thuc tnh ca mt i tng ring l trn bn , trn
thanh cng c kch chn cng c Identify
sau click vo i tng cn xem
Khi mun xem thuc tnh i tng bng cng c Identify phi ch rng ch
cha i tng cn xem phi ang c kch hot. Nu mun s dng cng c
ny xem d liu ca nhiu ch cng mt lc th phi kch hot nhiu ch
bng cch n gia phm Shift khi kch hot ch . Khi s dng cng c Identify,
ArcView GIS s tm kim nhng i tng trn ch ang kch hot ti v tr m
ta va click vo v hin th nhng thuc tnh ca i tng ti v tr . Ngoi ra
mun xem i tng khng gian chng ta c th kch p vo thuc tnh ca
chng nm bn tri ca hp thoi Identify Results.
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4.4.2 Lm vic vi cu trc bng thuc tnh

Mun m bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu, trong ca s View kch hot lp d
liu cn m bng thuc tnh, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Table hoc kch vo
nt Open Theme Table
.
Trong trng thuc tnh Shape l trng mt nh. Trng ny c tc dng

m t kiu i tng ca lp d liu nn trng ny khng th xa c. Nu
thuc tnh ca trng Shape l Polygon th cc i tng dng vng, cn
Polyline th cc i tng dng ng v Point th cc i tng dng im.
Mun sp xp thuc tnh ca mt trng no , kch chn trng cn sp xp
(kch ln tn trng) sau kch chn nt lnh
nu mun sp tng dn, cn
nu mun sp gim dn.
nt lnh
Bc mi trng chnh sa bng thuc tnh, trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Start
Editing.
Thm mt trng thuc tnh, trn thanh Menu chn Edit/ Add Field, xut hin
hp thoi sau
Name: Tn trng thuc tnh.
Type: Kiu thuc tnh ca trng.
Width: rng hay s k t.
Decimal Places: S k t sau du phy nu kiu d liu dng s.
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Mun thm mt i tng thuc tnh (Record) trn thanh Menu chn Edit/
Add Record. Khi mt dng thuc tnh s xut hin cui bng v khi thm i
tng khng gian vo th i tng s c gn thuc tnh ny.
Mun xa mt trng thuc tnh cn phi chn trng cn xa sau trn
thanh Menu chn Edit/ Delete Field. Mun xa cc thuc tnh c chn
(Record), trn thanh Menu chn Edit/ Delete Record.
Mun thay i tn cc trng thuc tnh bng cc chui khc, trn thanh Menu
chn Table/ Properties, xut hin hp thoi sau
Trong ct Alias cho php thay th cc trng tng ng (Field) bng cc chui
thay th. Ch : Phn ny ch l nhn ca tn trng, cn tn trng vn c gi
nguyn. Ngoi ra nu trng thuc tnh no khng cn hin th c th b chn
trong ct Visible.
Mun nhp thuc tnh bng tay, cho tng thuc tnh ca i tng kch chn
nt lnh Edit
sau kch chn vo vo thuc tnh cn nhp (nt lnh Edit ch
hin th khi bng thuc tnh c trong mi trng chnh sa).
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4.4.3 Truy vn d liu

thun tin cho qu trnh truy vn d liu th bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu
c truy vn phi ch chnh sa (Table/ Start Editing).
truy vn d liu trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Query hay kch vo nt lnh
Query Builder
u tin kch p vo trng cn truy vn d liu (Field), sau s dng cc

ton t bn cnh truy vn d liu thuc tnh (Value).
- New Set: Chn cc i tng c truy vn.
- Add to Set: Thm cc i tng c chn vo chung vi cc i tng
c chn trc .
- Select From Set: Chn cc i tng t cc i tng c chn trc .
Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng cc ton t OR, AND, NOT truy vn d
liu phc tp hn.
Cp nht d liu cho i tng c chn bng cch chn trng cn cp nht
(kch chn tn trng ), trn thanh Menu chn Field/ Calculate hay kch chn
nt Calculate
trn thanh cng c, xut hin hp thoi sau
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Khi chng trnh s nhn ct chn lm ct cn cp nht. Nu cp nht d

liu t cc trng thuc tnh c sn trong bng thuc tnh th ch cn kch p ln
trng trn hp thoi Field, cn nu nhp bng tay th nh vo hp thoi bn
di.
Thng k i tng theo mt trng thuc tnh. Chn trng thuc tnh cn
thng k theo chng, trn thanh Menu chn Field/Summarize hay kch chn nt
- Field: Chn trng cn tnh thng k theo thuc tnh c chn trc .
- Summarize by: Cch thng k: Trung bnh, tng, lch chun, gi tr ln
nht, nh nht,
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Mun thng k trng thuc tnh. Chn trng cn thng k, trn thanh Menu
chn Field/ Statistics, xut hin hp thoi sau
Sum: Tng.
Count: S i tng.
Mean: Gi tr trung bnh.
Maximum: Gi tr ln nht.
Minimum: Gi tr thp nht.
Range: Hiu s gia gi tr ln nht v thp nht.
Variance: Phng sai.
Standard Deviation: lch chun.
4.4.4 Cp nht d liu t mt bng d liu khc

iu kin cp nht d liu loi ny l gia hai bng cn phi c mt
trng lin kt. Chn trng lin kt gia hai bng d liu, kch hot bng d liu
cn cp nht, trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Join hay kch chn nt lnh
, khi
cc trng thuc tnh ca bng d liu s chuyn vo bng d liu cn c cp
nht
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Khi chng ta chn lnh Table/ Remove Join th cc trng s mt i, do

mun cp nht cho bng thuc tnh chng ta cn phi to cc trng cha cc
thuc tnh ca bng d liu cho bng thuc tnh. Gi s ti s cp nht trng
thuc tnh loaidat cho trng thuc tnh Ghi_chu ca bng thuc tnh bng cch
chn trng Ghi_chu sau kch chn nt lnh Calculate
Ghi_chu = loaidat
, ri chn ct
Nh vy khi Remove Join d liu c cp nht cho bng thuc tnh.

Xut d liu dng bng trn thanh Menu chn File/ Export, xut hin hp thoi
chn la nh dng cn xut sang.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th tm kim d liu thuc tnh, phn ny ch cho php
tm kim c mt i tng, nn khi nhiu i tng c chung thuc tnh th ch
tm ra i tng u tin cha trong bng thuc tnh. thc hin lnh tm kim
trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Find hay kch chn nt
. Cng c th chn i
sau kch chn ln thuc tnh cn chn, nu
tng bng cch chn nt lnh
mun chn nhiu i tng th nhn phm Shift trong qu trn thc hin. Ngoi ra
chn ht tt c cc i tng trn thanh Menu chn Edit/ Select All hay nt
lnh
, b lnh chn i tng th chn Edit/ Select None hay nt lnh
, cn
chn ngc lai cc i tng cha c chn th chn Edit/ Switch Selection
hay nt lnh
.
4.4.5 Lin kt d liu
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Chng ta c th lin kt d liu gia cc bng thuc tnh vi nhau. Phn ny

tng t nh xc nh m s sinh vin chng ta c th xc nh c thng tin ca
sinh vin . u tin c lin kt d liu chng ta cn phi to ct lin kt gia
hai bng. chn ct cn to lin kt, trn thanh Menu chn Field/ Create Index. Sau
khi to lin kt gia hai bng ri tin hnh to lin kt gia hai bng, trn thanh
Menu chn Table/ Link.
Xut d liu: Phn ny cho php chng ta xut d liu sang mt nh dng
khc. Trn thanh Menu chn File/ Export, xut hin hp thoi sau
Chn nh dng cn xut. Thng chn nh dng dBASE (dbf), Deliminted

Text (txt). Sau c tn cho tp tin ri lu li.
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CHNG V
TO BN THEO CH
Trong chng ny s gip chng ta hin th d liu theo mt thuc tnh no

ca bn , ng thi s gip chng ta to nhn cho cc i tng trn bn .
5.1 To bn theo ch
Mun to bn theo ch cn phi xc nh r bn ny mun m t
nhng vn sau mi tin hnh xy dng ch cho bn
u tin kch p vo lp d liu cn to bn theo ch trong khung TOC
nm bn tri ca s, xut hin hp thoi sau
Theme: Lp d liu cn to bn ch .
Legend Type: Kiu bn ch .
Values Field: Trng thuc tnh to bn ch .
Symbol: Biu tng hin th ca i tng .
- Value: Cc gi tr ca trng cn to. Cc gi tr ny khng c thay i

nu l dng ch, cn dng s c th thay i c.
- Label: Nhn ca cc gi tr trong trng c to, chng ta c th thay i
nhn ny.
-
Count: S lng i tng ng vi gi tr trong ct Value.

: Thm mi mt i tng.
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: Xa mt i tng chn.
: Sp xp theo chiu tng dn.
: Sp xp theo chiu gim dn.
: Thay th cc gi tr NoData.
: Thay i bng mu gia cc i tng.
: Thay i cc bng mu cho cc i tng.
: thay i cc mu hin th cho i tng.
Color Schemes: Cc bng mu xy dng sn.
5.2 Cc kiu bn ch
Phn ny nm trong lnh Legend Type
a. Single Symbol: Ch hin th mt mu cho tt c cc i tng trn bn ,
y l phn mt nh ca chng trnh.
b. Graduated Value: Hin th mu thng qua khong gii hn gia gi tr

im u v im cui ca mt khong hay cn gi l phn lp. Phn ny c th
hin th hai trng thuc tnh trong lp d liu. Thng c s dng m t
mt dn s ca mt khu vc no .
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- Classification Field: Trng c chn phn lp (gi tr trn t).

- Normalize by: Phn di mu s. phn Ny c th khng cn chn.
- Classify: Phn lp li cc khong cho ph hp vi ngi s dng. Kch vo
nt chn Classify, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Type: Kiu phn b khong. C nhiu cch phn khong nhng theo ti phn
ny khng nht thit phi chn, chng ta c th nh li khong ty trong ct
Value.
- Number of classes: S lp cn phn khong.
- Round values at: Kiu gi tr phn khong s nguyn hay s thp phn.
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c. Unique Value: Mi i tng s l mt c trng. Thng c s dng

m t bn hin trng.
d. Dot: M t i tng theo mc dy c ca mt biu tng no .

Thng c s dng m t mc phn b dn s.
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- Density Field: Trng thuc tnh th hin mc dy c ca i tng.

- Normalize by: Trng c chn lm mu s tnh ton. Phn ny c th
khng chn.
- Dot Legend 1 dot = : c gi tr tng ng vi mt biu tng. Mun hin
th s ny chng ta c th nhn nt Calculate chng trnh t ng tnh ton
hoc c th nhp bng tay.
- Dot Symbol: Biu tng c chn.
- Background Symbol: Mu nn ca i tng.
- Null Symbol: Mu nn cho cc i tng NoData.
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e. Chart: Hin th i tng thng qua biu . Thng c s dng m

t t l nam/n ca mt khu vc no .
Ngoi ra mun hin th font ch cng nh cc biu tng trong TOC th trn
thanh Menu chn View/ TOC Style, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Line flatness: Hin th cho cc i tng ng. Nu mun cc i tng c

hin th dng gp khc ln th chn Strong zigzag, va phi th chn Moderate
zigzag, cn biu din dng ng thng th chn flat.
- Symbol length: Hin th cc biu tng gm cc chn la sau: bnh thng
(normal), ngn (short), di (long), rt di (very long).
- Font: Chnh font ch hin th. Theo font ch thuc tnh ca i tng.
- Style: Kiu ch.
- Size (pts): Kch thc ch.
5.3 Gn nhn thuc tnh cho i tng
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Kch hot lp d liu cn to nhn, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Auto Label,
xut hin hp thoi sau
- Label field: Trng thuc tnh ly nhn.

- Use Themes Text Label Placement Property: S dng thuc tnh
to nhn m khng quan tm n chng. Khi la chn phn ny th cc nhn
to ra s c lp, do khi thay i font ch ch thay i c font ch ca
nhn c chn.
- Find Best Label Placement: Tm v tr tt nht c nhn.
+ Allow Overlapping Labels: Cho php gn cc i tng c nhn chng ln
nhau.
+ Remove Duplicates: Xa cc nhn ging nhau.
+ Line Label Position Options: Ch s dng cho cc lp d liu dng ng.
o Above: Nm trn i tng.
o Below: Nm di i tng.
o On: Nm ln i tng.
- Scale Labels: nh v nhn.
- Label Only Feature in View Extent: Ch gn nhn cc i tng
trong phm vi hin th trong ca s view.
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Ngoi ra chng ta c th nh v cho v tr ca nhn cho cc i tng bng

cch vo Theme/ Properties chn th Text Labels nh v v tr nhn sau
chng mi tin hnh gn nhn cho i tng.
Mun chnh Font cho nhn ca cc i tng bng cch chn mt nhn bc k
sau trn thanh Menu chn Window/ Show Symbol Window chnh Font v
mu ch cho nhn.
Kch chn th
chnh Font, kch chn th
Color chn nh dng l Text).
chnh mu ch (phn
Ngoi ra chng ta c th to cc nhn th cng bng cch kch vo biu tng

, sau kch chn v tr cn gn nhn
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Horizontal Alignment: Canh l gm canh tri, canh gia v canh phi.
Vertical Spacing: Gin dng.
Rotation Angle: Gc xoay nhn.
- Scale Text with View: Phng t l nhn theo t l ca ca s

Ngoi ra chng ta c th chnh s font cho cc nhn chun b a vo ca s,
trn thanh Menu chn Graphics/ Text and Label Default, xut hin hp thoi
- Click on the tool icon to set its default values: Chn cc nh dng, kiu
nhn a vo ca s theo cc biu tng bn hp thoi bn di.
- Defaults for text tool: Khung chnh sa kiu hin th nhn trn ca s.
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+ Use Symbol Window settings for text: S dng th vin font chnh
font cho nhn. Nu nh du chn vo y th font mt nh theo nh dng c
nh ngha t lnh Window/ Show Symbol Window.
+ Font: Chn font ch cho nhn.
o Color: Mu nhn.
o Size (pts): Kch thc nhn.
o Style: Kiu nhn.
+ Use Outline: Kiu vin cho cc nhn c khung bao ngoi.
o Width (pts): rng ng bao.
o Outline color: Mu khung bao.
+ Use drop-shadow: Bng ca nhn.
o Shadow color: Mu bng nhn.
5.4 To lin kt
Chng trnh cho php to lin kt vi mt on Script, Text, nh, hay mt tp
tin dng Project. u tin cn to lin kt gia trng thuc tnh ca i tng vi
mt a ch nh sn. Gi s ti s lin kt mt i tng vi mt nh trong my
tnh.
Phi chc chn rng trong bng thuc tnh ca lp d liu cn to lin kt c
trng cha sn on link lin kt, Kch hot lp d liu trn thanh Menu chn
Theme/ Properties, xut hin hp thoi sau
Trn thanh bn tri ca ca s chn Tab Hot Link

Bn phi ca s:
- Field: Chn trng cha on m lin kt.
- Predefined Action: Chn kiu lin kt. C cc kiu lin kt sau: Link to User
Script (Lin kt n on m Script c to trong chng trnh), Link to Text
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File (lin kt n ca s text), Link to Image File (lin kt n nh dng nh),

Link to Document (lin kt n mt vn bn), Link to project (lin kt n mt tp
tin n ca chng trnh).
Script: on m c link.
tin hnh lin kt i tng vi a ch nh sn, trn thanh cng c chn
Hot Link
sau kch chn i tng c lin kt, chng trnh s c a ch
c lin kt
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CHNG VI
CHNG XP D LIU GIA CC LP D LIU
6.1 Cc thao tc x l d liu

Cc thao tc x l d liu trong ArcView c t trong phn m rng
Extension Geoprocessing, do cn phi kch hot phn m rng ny. Trong
trng hp ang s dng ArcView th m ca s Window, chn tn ca s n
kch hot ca s n, Nu mi khi ng ArcView, th m menu File ca ca
s n, chn Extension. Trong hp thoi Extensions, nh du chn vo phn
m rng Geoprocessing.
Sau khi kch phn m rng Extensions, th ArcView s cung cp mt cng

c tr gip cc bc thc hin cc thao tc x l d liu a l.
Trong menu View ca ca s View, s thy xut hin cc chc nng
Geoprocessing Wizard
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Trong ca s ny cho php bn chn cc thao tc x l d liu:

- Dissolve feature based on an attribute: Hp nht cc i tng da trn
mt thuc tnh.
- Merge themes together: Ghp cc theme li vi nhau thnh mt theme
- Clip one theme base on another: Ct mt theme da vo theme khc
- Intersect two theme: Tm phn chung ca hai theme.
- Union two theme: Hp hai theme.
- Asign data by location: Gn gi tr theo vi tr.
GeoProcessing l cch to d liu mi da trn cc theme trong View.
Trong phn ln cc trng hp th cc thao tc x l d liu s lm thay i hnh
dng ca i tng v cng lm thay i cc d liu thuc tnh ca cc i tng.
6.1.1 PHP HP NHT CC I TNG (DISSOLVE)
Php hp nht (Dissolve) c s dng khi mun b ng ranh gii gia hai
polygon k nhau hay node gia hai ng lin nhau m c cng gi tr ca thuc
tnh. Chng hn, c theme phn polygon s dng t, trong theme ny c cc
polygon k nhau m c cng mc ch s dng. Nu cc polygon k nhau hoc
chng lp nhau, sau khi dissolve th ng ranh gii chung ca cc polygon s b
loi b tr thnh mt polygon. Nu hai polygon ri nhau th sau khi dissolve ta
s c mt i tng gm nhiu phn.
- M ArcView v chn Extensions phn m rng geoprocessing.
- To View mi, np cc theme landuse.shp v soils.shp
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- M menu View, chn GeoProcessing Wizard, trong hp thoi ny kch

chn nt Dissolve based on an attribute, kch nt Next sang bc k tip
- Chn theme cn thc hin php hp nht cc i tng trong hp lit k

(drop list box) Select theme to dissolve; chn thuc tnh hp nht cc i tng
trong hp Select an attribute to dissolve; phi xc nh th mc cha theme kt
qu v t tn cho theme. Kch nt Next sang bc k tip.
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- Select theme to dissolve: Chn lp d liu cn hp nht.

- Select an attribute to dissolve: Trng thuc tnh cn hp nht.
- Specify the output file: Lu li tp tin sau khi xut kt qu. thay i th
iu chnh.
vin lu tp tin kch vo nt
Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoai cho php hp nht cc trng thuc tnh theo
cc c tnh ca chng. Trong bc ny c th chn thm mt hoc nhiu trng
cho theme kt qu vi gi tr c tnh t theme gc. chn nhiu trng, nhn
v gi phm SHIFT trong khi kch chn cc trng.
- Kch nt Finish kt thc, s c mt theme mi tn l lu_dissolve.shp trn

cng ca TOC. Bt hin th ca theme, kch hot theme v m bng thuc tnh.
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Theme Tong_tanlap.shp hin ch cn 12 i tng v cc i tng ny c

hp nht t nhiu i tng. Phn ny thng c s dng thng k din tch
ca bn v xc nh tng s tha t ca tng loi i tng cng nh ca bn
(Count).
Xt v mt k thut, php hp nht cng tng t vi cc php tng hp d
liu theo tng thuc tnh. Php tng hp thng c thc hin vi cc bng d
liu c s phn nhm theo thuc tnh, ngha l trong bng c nhng hng m gi
tr ca thuc tnh c lp li. Php tng hp thng s dng cc hm nh:
-
SUM: Tnh tng theo nhm.
MAX, MIN: Tnh gi tr ln nht, nh nht trong nhm.
AVG: Tnh gi tr trung bnh trong nhm.
COUNT: n s hng trong nhm.
6.1.2 Ghp hai lp d liu (Merge)

Phn ny cho php ghp cc lp d liu li vi nhau v mt khng gian ln
thuc tnh. Khi thc hin lnh ny, chng trnh s to ra mt tp tin mi cha c
d liu ca cc lp c ghp. Thng c s dng khi ghp cc bn a
chnh ca mt khu vc no .
nh du chn vo Merge themes together, sau nhn Next xut hin hp

thoi sau cho php chn hai lp d liu cn ghp li.
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- Select at least two themes to merge: Chn cc lp d liu cn ghp li vi

nhau.
-
Use field from: S dng thuc tnh ca lp d liu no.
6.1.3 Ct lp d liu (Clip)

Phn ny cho php chng ta ct lp d liu theo mt lp d liu khc v thuc
tnh ca n c gi nguyn. Thng c s dng khi mun tch mt phn bn
cn thit t mt bn ln nghin cu.
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nh du chn vo Clip one theme based on another, nhn Next xut hin hp
thoi
Select input theme to clip: Chn lp b ct.
Select a polygon overlay theme: Chn lp ct.
6.1.4 Ct v gi li phn chung (Intersect)

Phn ny tng t nh phn trn nhng thuc tnh ca hai lp s c nhp
chung li. nh du chn vo Intersect two themes, thc hin thao tc ging bc
trn.
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6.1.5 Hp chung hai lp d liu (Union)

Phn ny cho php chng ta ghp hai lp d liu li vi nhau v thuc tnh
chung gia hai lp d liu s ghp li. Thng c s dng xay dng bn
chuyn t nhiu bn ph.
nh du chn vo Union two theme, nhn Next
Select input theme to union: Chn lp d liu cn mun kt hp.
- Select polygon overlay theme to union: Chn lp d liu chng lp ln

lp d liu cn kt hp.
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6.1.6 Lin kt d liu (Join)

Phn ny cho php chng ta ly d liu thuc tnh ca mt lp d liu khc
gn cho lp d liu c chn. Phn ny ch s dng c khi hai lp d liu ny
chng ln nhau, khi chng trnh cn c vo thuc tnh ca lp d liu gn
thuc tnh cho lp d liu cn gn. nh du chn vo Assign data by Lacation
Select a theme to assign data to: Chn lp d liu cn gn.
- Select a theme to assign data from: Chn lp d liu ly thuc tnh

gn cho lp chn.
Phn ny tng t nh phn Join ca bng thuc tnh, nhng y l Join theo
khng gian ca i tng.
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CHNG VII
TO TRANG IN
7.1 Font ch cho khung d liu
Chnh Font ch cho cc khung d liu, trn thanh Menu chn Window/ Show
Symbol Window, xut hin hp thoi sau
Chn khung cn thay i font ch, sau chn font ch cn i (ch yu l

bng ch thch v tiu ca bn cn in). Ngoi ra chng ta c th thay i
kch thc ch (Size) hay kiu ch (Style).
7.2 Lm vic vi bn ch thch
Ph v cu trc ca bng ch thch, chn bng ch thch, trn thanh Menu
chn Grapic/Simplify. Lnh ny tng t nh lnh Ungroup. Nh vy chng ta
mi thay i tng thnh phn trong bng ch thch.
Tin hnh thay i tiu cho bng ch thch. V d trong trng hp ny ti

s thay i Tanlap.shp bng on text Ch Thch bng cch kch p vo
Tanlap.shp, xut hin hp thoi sau
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- Horizontal Alignment: Canh dng: canh tri, canh gia v canh phi.
- Vertical Spacing: Gin dng.
- Rotation Angle: Gc xoay nhn.
Sau khi chnh sa bng ch thch xong cn phi nhm chng li to cu trc
v tt c cc thnh phn ny s to nn bng ch thch. Trn thanh Menu chn
Graphic/ Group
Ngoi ra to mt bng ch gii chng ta c th s dng cng c Custom

(ch hin th khi kch chn nt lnh Legend Tool trong
Legend Tool
Extension) kch chn ln v tr cn c bng ch gii, xut hin hp thoi sau
Custom Legend, nhn Next to bng ch thch cho tng Theme, gm 5 bc
Bc 1
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Choose a view: Ca s cn to bng ch gii.
Choose the themes to show in your custom legend: Chn lp d liu cn
to bng ch thch bng cch nhn nt

.
, hay loi b lp d liu th nhn nt
- Choose the number of label and symbol columns to display your

legend: Chn la s ct trong bng ch gii.
Bc 2
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- Enter an optional title for your legend: Tn bng ch gii. Mt nh l

tn ca lp d liu hoc tn ca ca s cha lp d liu . Chng ta c th thay
th tn nhn ny.
-
Title font: Font nhn tiu bng ch thch.
Title size: Kch thc tiu .
Title style: Kiu tiu .
Title positioning options: V tr tiu so vi bng ch thch.
Bc 3
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- Choose setting for your legends border: Khung vin bng ch thch.
+ Border style: Kiu khung vin.
+ Border width: rng khung vin.
+ Border color: Mu sc khung.
+ Background color: Mu nn bng ch thch.
- Sepecial Effects: Kiu bng ch thch bao gm bng (Drop-shadow), bo
trn bn gc ca khung (Round corners).
Bc 4
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- Show area symbols as: Kiu i tng dng vng.

+ Rectangles: Kiu hnh ch nht.
+ Squares: Hnh vung.
+ Ovals: Hinh bu dc, elip.
- Show line symbols as: Kiu i tng dng ng.
+ Horizontal lines: Dng nm ngang.
+ Zig Zag lines: Dng gp khc.
+ S curves: Dng cong hnh ch S.
Bc 5
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Bc ny m t khong khng gia cc yu t cha trong bng ch thch. Khi

thc hin xong nm bc trn nhn nt Preview xem trc, nu cha va c
th nhn nt Remove lm li.
7.3 Lm vic vi hng

Mun thay kiu hng kch p vo hng mt nh trn trang Layout, xut
hin hp thoi sau
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Hp thoi ny c mt s kiu hng cho ngi s dng la chn, ng thi

cho php xoay chng (phn ny khng nn s dng).
7.4 Chnh t l bn
Kch p vo khung ca s cn chnh t l, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Scale: Chn User Specified Scale chnh t l v nhp t l bn vo

khung bn di.
7.5 Lm vic vi thc t l
Thay i thc t l, kch p vo thc t l mt nh
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- View Frame: Chn khung bn cn to thc t l

- Preserve Interval: Gi li nh dng ny.
- Style: Chn kiu thc t l.
- Units: n v ca thc t l.
- Interval: Khong cch n v.
- Intervals: S on c khong cch l n v trn.
- Left Divisions: S on bn tri s 0 nm trong khong cch n v .
7.6 Thm khung d liu vo ca s Layout
View Frame: Thm mt View vo trang layout.
Legend Frame: Thm mt bng ch thch vo trang layout.
Scale Bar Frame: Thm mt thc t l vo trang layout.
North Arrow: Thm mt hng vo trang layout.
Chart Frame: Thm mt biu vo trang layout.
Table Frame: Thm mt d liu dng bng vo trang layout.
Picture Frame: Thm mt nh vo trang layout.
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to khung vin bao quanh trang i tng trong trang Layout bng cch
chn i tng , trn thanh Menu chn Layout/ Add Neatline, xut hin hp
thoi sau
- Place around the selected graphics: Khung bao quanh i tng c

chn.
- Place around all graphics: Khung bao tt c cc i tng trn trang
Layout.
- Inset from margins: Khung bao t mp khung cha cc i tng nm gn
nht so vi mp trang Layout.
- Group neatline with graphics: Nhm cc khung li.
- Offset equally from all sides: To khung vin song song t tt c cc mt
phng trn trang Layout.
- Appearance settings: Khung vin
+ Click on a border style: Kiu khung vin.
+ Round the corners: Bo trn bn gc xung quanh khung.
+ Width: rng vin khung.
+ Fill Color: Kiu mu nn khung
+ Drop-shadow: Bng vin khung.
+ Shadow color: Mu bng vin khung.
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7.7 To li
Phn ny ny trong Extension ca Arcview do to li cn phi bc cng
c ny. Trn thanh Menu chn File/ Extension, nh du chn vo Graticules and
Measured Grid. Sau kch chn vo biu tng Graticules and Grids
trn
thanh Standard, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Choose the view frame that you want to place a grid or graticule on:
Chn ca s cn to li ta .
- Create a graticule: To li theo ta a l.
- Create a measured grid: To li theo ta phng.
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- Enter a grid interval: Khong cch gia hai ng thng to li.

- Display grid as:
- Tic marks: Hin th im giao nhau gia cc ng thng to li.
- Lines: Hin th ng thng to li.
- Grid line width (pts): rng ca ng thng to li.
- Grid and label color: Mu ca ng thng to li.
- Label font: Font ch nhn ta li.
- Label size (pts): Kch thc nhn ta .
- Label text style: Kiu ch ca nhn ta gm: ch bnh thng (Normal),
ch in m (Bold), ch in m v nghing (Bold Italic), ch in nghing (Italic)
Choose options for your border:
+ Border around the viewframe: Khung bao quay trang cha bn , c

ly theo khung cha d liu khng gian.
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+ Border around the graticule/grid: Khung bao quanh h ta .

-
Viewframe border options:
+ Align labels to border: Nhn ta s bo theo khung cha d liu khng

gian.
+ Line color: Mu sc khung bao cha d liu khng gian.
+ Line Style: Kiu khung bao cha d liu khng gian.
-
Graticule/grid border options
+ Line color: Mu sc khung bao ta .

+ Line Style: Kiu khung bao ta .
Sau khi chnh sa xong nhn nt Preview xem th khung li tha mn
ngi dng cha. Nu c ri th nhn Finish hon tt, cn nu b li nhn
Remove lm li.
Ch : Bn ch in nhng d liu cha trong khung mu xanh quanh trang
layout, do phi a tt c d liu vo trong khung mu xanh.
Xut trang in ny thnh nh dng nh, trn thanh Menu chn File/ Export,
xut hin hp thoi sau
List Files of Type: Cc nh dng nh chng trnh h tr.
Option: Chnh phn gii ca nh, mc nh phn gii l 96 DPI.
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CHNG VIII
PHN M RNG
Phn m rng ca chng trnh ArcView nm trong th vin Extension. Do

mun gi mt chng trnh m rng ca ArcView trn thanh Menu chn File/
Extension, nh du chn vo Extension cn s dng.
8.1 3D Analyst
Phn ny tp trung ch yu m phng d liu a hnh.
To m hnh TIN t bn a hnh. Trn thanh Menu chn Surface/ Create
TIN from features, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Height source: Trng thuc tnh ly gi tr cao to m hnh TIN

- Input as: Kiu i tng b mt s c a vo. Nu i tng dng im
th chn Mass Point, cn i tng dng ng v dng vng th chn Mass Point,
Hard v Soft Breakline
- Value field: Cung cp gi tr ti cc node hay cc nh ca tam gic trong
qu trnh to m hnh TIN. Phn ny ch s dng khi m to m hnh t lp d
liu dng im hay mt kiu dng vng. Nu m hnh to ra dng im th l cc
node, cn m hnh to ra dng vng th l cc nh ca tam gic. Phn ny cha
trong m hnh TIN nhm mc ch hin th, truy vn v to m hnh.
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Chnh sa hin th cho m hnh TIN

Kch p vo lp TIN , xut hin hp thoi sau
Gm cc phn hin th sau

- Points: Hin th dng im.
- Lines: Hin th dng ng.
- Faces: Hin th dng b mt ca m hnh. Mun hin th dng cao th chn
Elevation Range, dng d dc chn Slope, dng din mo chn Aspect.
Xem m hnh TIN di dng 3D trn thanh Menu chn View/ 3D Scence
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To bn a hnh t m hnh TIN, chn m hnh TIN trn thanh Menu chn
Surface/ Create Contour, xut hin hp thoi sau
- Contour interval: Khong cch gia cc ng ng mc.

- Base contour: Gi tr thp nht ca ng ng mc nu c.
To bn t m hnh TIN dng Raster
Mun to d liu dng Raster v dc tnh bng trn thanh Menu chn
Surface/ Derive Slope, xut hin hp thoi sau
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- Ouput Grid Extent: u ra ca dng lp d liu li.

- Output Grid Cell Size: Kch thc ca mt li.
- Number of Rows: S dng.
- Number of Columns: S ct.
Mun to din mo theo cc hng ca m hnh TIN trn thanh Menu chn
Surface/ Derive Aspect
To bng cc i ni trn thanh Menu chn Surface/ Compute Hillshade
- Azimuth: Gc phng v.
- Altitude: cao.
8.2 Spatial Analyst
Phn ny ch yu tp trung phn tch d liu dng Raster.
Chuyn t Raster sang Vector: Trn thanh Menu chn Theme/ Convert to Grid,
xut hin hp thoi lu li tp tin di dng Raster, hp thoi k tip cho php
chn cellsize ca lp d liu li
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Nhn OK mn hnh chn gi tr c cho mi cellsize
Phn ny nn chn trng mang gi tr s c m ha t cc i tng dng

chui. Khi cc gi tr s s c hiu t cc chui c m ha
Vector
Raster
Cay cong nghiep
Dan cu
Lam nghiep
Mat nuoc
Nong nghiep
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Nh vy theo bng trn th cc gi tr bn ct vector s c hin th bng cc

gi tr trong lp d liu dng Raster. Khi cc i tng tng ng s biu din
bng cc li tng ng v mang cng gi tr.
Khi chuyn mt lp d liu khc sang d liu dng Raster m trn thanh TOC
c sn cc lp Raster th khi chn Cellsize cho lp Raster ny chng ta c th
chn theo cellsize ca lp c sn trong dng lnh Output Grid Cellsize th t ng
dng lnh Cellsize s ly theo lp c chn
Chuyn t Raster sang Vector, kch hot lp d liu dng Raster trn thanh
Menu chn Theme/ Convert to Shapefile. Khi thuc tnh ca lp Vector ch l
cc gi tr c ly t Raster, v vy cn phi thm trng thuc tnh vo m
ha cc gi tr thnh cc chui thng tin tng ng.
Tnh ton khong cch n cc i tng trong lp d liu trn thanh Menu
chn Analysis/ Find Distance
Truy vn d liu dng Raster, trn thanh Menu chn Analysis/ Map Query, ca
s truy vn d liu tng t nh ca s truy vn d liu dng Raster.
Phn tch gi tr gia hai lp d liu vi nhau trn thanh Menu chn Analysis/
Tabulate Area
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- Row Theme: Lp d liu ly trng lm dng hng ngang cho bng phn
tch.
- Row Field: Trng d liu phn tch phn b vng gia hai lp d liu.
- Column Theme: Lp d liu ly trng lm ct cho bng phn tch.
- Column Field: Trng d liu phn tch phn b vng gia hai lp d liu.
Khi chng trnh s chuyn d liu sang dng Raster phn tch (nu hai
lp d liu dng Vector)
Nhn OK chng trnh s phn tch cc li dng Raster xem phn no s

c chuyn i hay nhn li. Kt qu ch l dng bng d liu
Phn tch, tnh ton gia cc lp d liu dng Raster, trn thanh Menu chn
Analysis/ Map Calculator, xut hin hp thoi sau
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S dng cc cng thc ton hc, cc php ton tnh ton, phn tch gia cc
lp d liu vi nhau. Sau khi nhp hm, biu thc tinh ton xong nhn nt
Evaluate xy dng lp d liu mi t cc biu thc hay hm xy dng trc
. Tn mt nh ca cc lp kt qu l Map Calculation, do cn phi chuyn
cc lp d liu ny sang dng Raster d qun l sau ny.
Phn li gi tr cho cc lp d liu, trn thanh Menu chn Analysis/ Reclassify
- Old Values: Cc gi tr mt nh ca lp d liu.

- New Value: Gi tr c c li thng qua lp gi tr c ca lp d liu.
to s lp theo ngi s dng th nhn nt Classify phn lp
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- Type: Kiu phn lp.

- Number of classes: S lp
- Round values at: Kiu gi tr ca lp.
8.3 CAD Reader
Phn ny cho php c cc nh dng CAD nh AutoCAD, Microstation,
a mt lp d liu dng CAD chn New Theme
Hp thoi bn tri kch chn vo nt pha trc tn tp tin chn nh dng

cn m, v mi lp d liu trong Arcview ch cha mt loi i tng, cn trong
d liu dng dgn cha c nhiu i tng. Khi cc lp d liu trong lp dgn
c cng loi i tng s nm chung trong mt lp
Mun n mt i tng no , cn phi xc nh i tng nm trong lp
no sau vo Theme/ Properties kch chn th Drawing bn tri
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Chn lp d liu khng cn m bng cch nhn phm Shift
Ngoi ra chng ta cng c th lm vic vi nh dng Dxf ca chng trnh

AutoCAD
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CHNG IX
BIU V BNG BO CO
9.1 To biu
Mun to biu trn thanh Menu chn Table/ Chart hay kch vo nt lnh
Name: Tn ca s biu .
Table: Lp d liu s dng lm biu .
Fields: Trng thuc tnh trong lp d liu (trc Y).
Group: Trng thuc tnh s dng lm ct hin th trong biu .
Label series using: Tn trng s dng lm trc X.
Comments: Li ch gii v biu .

Thay i thng tin ca cc i tng trn ca s biu
Mun thay i thng tin kch chn nt Chart Element Properties

kch chn cc i tng cn thay i.
a. Tiu biu
Kch chn vo ch Title, xut hin hp thoi
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- Title position: V tr tiu biu . Kch chut vo hnh chn v tr c

tiu ca biu .
b. Trc Y
- Axis: Hin th trc Y.

- Axis Label: Hin th nhn text trc Y.
- Tick mark labels: Hin th nhn gi tr ca trc Y.
- Major grid: Li ca biu .
- Minor grid: Li gia cc khong trong trc Y.
- Scale min: Gi tr thp nht ca trc Y.
- Scale max: Gi tr cao nht ca trc Y.
- Major unit: n v cho mt khong ca trc Y.
- Minor unit: n v gia mt khong nm trong trc Y.
- Axis label: Tn nhn ca trc Y.
c. Trc X
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- Axis: Hin th trc X

- Axis Label: Hin th nhn ca trc X
- Tick mark labels: Hin th tn trng thuc tnh lm biu . C th thay
i tn trng ny bng cch kch vo tn trng bn hp thoi Group Labels.
- Axis label: Tn nhn ca trc X.
d. Bng ch thch
- Series Lables: Cho php hay i nhn ca cc i tng trn biu .

- Legend position: V tr ca bng ch thch so vi biu , mun thay i v
tr ca bng ch gii ti mt v tr no bng cch kch chut ti v tr cn c
.
Mun xem thng tin thuc tnh ca cc ct hin th bng cch chn nt lnh
Indentify
trn thanh cng c sau chn ct cn xem.
sau
Mun xa mt ct no trong biu , kch chn nt lnh Erase
kch chn ln ct cn xa. phc hi lnh xa va ri, trn thanh Menu chn
Edit/ Undo Erase hoc kch vo nt lnh
. Ch lnh ny ch cho undo mt ln
duy nht do cn phi thn trng khi xa cc ct trong biu .
Mun thay i mu sc ca cc i trn biu bng cch kch chut vo cng
c Chart Color
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Chn mu cn thay i trong hp thoi Color Palette sau kch chn i

tng cn thay mu tng ng trong hp thoi ny. Chng ta c th thy i mu
sc ca tiu v bng ch gii ca biu .
Ngoi ra cn mt s nh dng biu khc nh

Dng hnh trn (Pie chart gallery)
Dng ng (Line chart gallry)
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Dng thanh nm ngang (Bar chart gallery)
Dng vng (Area chart gallery)
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9.2 To bng bo co
y cng l mt phn m rng ca chng trnh do mun to trang bo co
cn phi kch hot chng trnh m rng Report Writer nm trong File/Extension
Kch hot lp d liu cn to bng bo co, trn thanh Menu chn Theme/
Create a Report, xut hin hp thoi sau
Chn nh dng ca trang bo co sau nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi sau
- All Records: Chn tt c cc thuc tnh to bng bo co
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- Only the selected records: S dng cc thuc tnh c chn to bng

bo co.
Nhn Finish, phn to trang bo co s xut hin.
a. Tab Page Layout
nh du chn vo cc trng thuc tnh cn xut sang bng bo co, mun

chn tt c cc trng th nhn nt
, cn b chn tt c th nhn nt
.
thay i v tr gia cc trng c xut, chn trng cn thay i v tr sau
nhn nt
thay i v tr ca chng. Mun chnh font ch nhn vo nt
Change Font, thay i mu sc ca trang th nhn nt Report Back Color. Ch
trong qu trnh thay i font v mu trang bo co cn xc nh phn thuc tnh
hay tiu cn thay i bng cch nhn vo phn Body (phn thuc tnh) hay
Header (tiu ).
b. Tab Column Layout
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Phn ny ch yu tp trung vo chnh sa rng ca cc ct trong bng bo

co bng cch chn ct (Field) cn chnh rng sau chn rng tng ng
(Width). Ngoi ra chng ta c th ko ct rng ty thch bng cch kch vo
ng bin gia hai ct ko chng ra. Nu hon tt nhn vo nt Preview
xem kt qu ca bng bo co trc khi in.
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TI LIU THAM KHO

PHN MAPINFO
Bi Hu Mnh, 2007. Hng dn s dng MapInfo Professional V 7. NXB
KHKT, 405 trang.
H S phm H Ni, 2006. Gio trnh bn hc i cng.
L Ngc Lm, 2006. Bi ging mn hc tin hc ng dng. T sch H Nng
Lm Tp. HCM.
L Vn nh, 2006. Gio trnh trc a. H Bch Khoa Nng
Nguyn c Bnh, 2007. Hng dn s dng MapInfo Professional 7.5. NXB
Nng Nghip, 95 trang.
Pitney Bowes MapInfo Corporation, 2007. MapInfo Professional Help.
Pitney Bowes MapInfo Corporation, 2007. MapInfo Professional v 9.0 User
Guide (Abridged), 568 paper.
Mt s Website:
Cc Cng Ngh Thng Tin B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng
http://ciren.gov.vn/
Din n GIT4YOU
http://git4you.com
VNGEOMATICS
http://groups.google.com/group/vngeomatics
PHN ARCVIEW
Scott Hutchinson & Larry Daniel, 2000. Inside Arcview GIS. NXB OnWord,
488 pages.
0987568749
V Minh Tun
0987568749

Nguyen Minh Tuan

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BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

3.2.4 Nt lnh Legend Window ...................................................................... 38

4.1 To d liu t cc nh dng khc ............................................................... 48

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

5.8 Ct i tng ti node .................................................................................. 70

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

7.1 To nhn ....................................................................................................... 96

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

10.14 Symbol Maker ........................................................................................ 153

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

2.1.5 Graphic ................................................................................................ 210

4.1 Chnh sa cc i tng khng gian.......................................................... 241

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

5.1 To bn theo ch .............................................................................. 257

6.1 Cc thao tc x l d liu........................................................................... 268

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

1.1 Gii thiu chung

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

H tr cc thit b: Bn s, my qut nh, chut, cc my v.

Cc chc nng chnh: To vng m, phn tch bn , phn tch mng.

H qun tr c s d liu: Dbase, c s d liu bn trong.

H iu hnh: DOS, WinDow

Ram: Ti thiu 256MB

Dung lng a: Ti thiu 450MB

Card mn hnh: 2D/3D tc ti thiu 128MB

phn gii mn hnh: Ti thiu 1024x768

1.2 ng dng ca MapInfo trong qun l ti nguyn thin nhin

, xut hin hp thoi sau

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi

nh du chn vo I accept the terms in the license agreement: chp nhn

- User Name: Tn ngi s dng chng trnh

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Typical Workstation Installtion: Ci t theo mc nh ca nh sn xut.

- This feature will not available: B ty chn ci t ny.

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Install MapInfo professional 9.0 to: Ch nh th mc cn ci t th vin lm

Nhn vo nt Install tin hnh ci t. Sau khi ci t xong s xut hin hp

Nhn Finish hon tt qu trnh ci t.

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Vo Start/ Setting/Control Panel, kch chn biu tng Add or Remove

Kch chn nt Remove b ci t chng trnh MapInfo. Trong qu trnh s

1.5 Ci t chng trnh g du ting Vit trong MapInfo

Nhn Next, xut hin hp thoi sau

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

nh du chn tt c trong hp thoi Components. Nhn Next tip tc ci

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Exit: Thot khi chng trnh MapInfo.

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Set Target: Gi i tng ch, i tng

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Convert to Regions: Chuyn cc i tng dng ng sang cc i tng

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Create Points: To im t bng ta , c s dng khi chng ta mun a

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Line Style: Chnh sa kiu hin th

BM GeoMatics - Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn - H Nng Lm Tp. HCM

- Previous View: Quay li ca s xem trc .

- New Redistrict Window: To ca s kho st, phn vng ca mt lp d liu.

Metafile (.WMF), Windows Enhanced Metafile (.EMF), JPEG File Interchange