Cells of

Origin/Termination

Olfactory

Type (sensory, motor, Openings Passed

both etc.)
S- special
cribriform opennings

II

Optic

S- special

optic opening

vision from retina

III

Occulomotor

M- somatic

sup. Orbital fissure

motor to SR, IR, MR, IO, levator palpebrae superioris;

raises eyelid; rotates eyeball sup.inf. med.

visceral motor
(parasympathetic)

sup. Orbital fissure

motor to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle that

constrict pupil and accommodate lens of eyeball

Cranial Nerve

presynaptic: midbrain,
postsynaptic: ciliary
ganglion

Functions

Comments

smell from nasal mucosa of roof and superior sides of

nasal septum and superior conchae of each nasal cavity

S- superior, I-inferior, M-medial, O-oblique, R- rectus

IV

Trochlear

M- somatic

sup. Orbital fissure

motor to SO that assists in rotating eyeball

enferolaterally

Trigeminal
V1 Opthalmic

B- somatic sensory,
somatic motor
S- general/somatic

sup. Orbital fissure

sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids,

nose, mucosa nasal cavity + paranasal sinuses

BRANCHES= lacrimal, frontal (supraorbital,

supratrochlear), nasociliary (short + long ciliary,
infratrochlear, ant+post ethmoidal)

V2 Maxillary

S- general/somatic

foramen rotundum

sensation from skin of face over maxilla including upper

lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses,
and palate

BRANCHES= Meningeal, Zygomatic (zygomaticofacial,

zygomaticotemporal), post. sup. alveolar, infraorbital
(ant+med sup alveolar, sup+inf labial, ext+int nasal),
greater palatine, lesser palatine, nasopalatine, pharyngeal.

V3 Mandibular

B- general/somatic
sensory

foramen ovale

sensation from skin over mandible, including lower lip and BRANCHES= BAIL, buccal, auriculotemporal (+mental),
side of head, mandibular teeth, temporomandibular joint, inferior alveolar, lingual
and mucosa of mouth and ANTERIOR 2/3 OF TONGUE

V3 Mandibular

branchial motor

foramen ovale

motor to muscles of mastication (MTPP), mylohyoid, ant. MUSCLES= MD MY TV, (mastication, digastric ant.,
digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini)
motor to LR that rotates eyeball laterally

VI

Abducent

M- somatic

sup. Orbital fissure

VII

Facial

B- somatic sensory,
somatic motor,
visceral sensory,
visceral motor

internal auditory
meatus, then:
stylomastoid foramen,
facial canal

TZBMC+ post. facial motor nucleus

auricular, nerves to
post. digastric,
stylohyoid,
stapedius

branchial motor

internal auditory
motor to muscles of facial expression and scalp; also
meatus, facial canal, supplies stapedius of middle ear, stylohyoid, and
stylomastoid foramen posterior belly of digastric

Intermediate nerve geniculate

(through chorda ganglion/solitary
tympani) nucleus

special sensory

internal auditory
meatus, facial canal,
petro-tympanic
fissure

TASTE FROM ANTERIOR 2/3 of TONGUE, floor of mouth,

palate

lateral to medial Sup. Orb. Fissure Nerves: LFTSNIA,

lacrimal, frontal, trochlear, sup. occ., nasociliary, inf. occ,
abducent

T-temporal, Z-zygomatic, B-buccal, M-mandibular, Ccervical. Buccinator, is an assistant muscle mastication

(also compresses teeth against cheek, helps in blowing
action).

Intermediate nerve geniculate

ganglion/spinal
trigeminal nucleus

general/somatic
sensory

internal acoustic
meatus

sensation from skin of external acoustic meatus

Intermediate nerve solitary nucleus

(through greater
petrosal)

visceral sensory

internal acoustic
meatus, facial canal,
foramen for greater
petrosal nerve

visceral sensation from mucous membranes of

nasopharynx and palate

Foramen for greater petrosal nerve: exits facial canal -passing over foramen lacerum into canal on greater wing
sphenoid bone (below carotid groove, lateral to dorsum
sellae/hypophyseal fossa/sphenoid sinus) near
pterygopalatine fossa,-- deep to pterygomaxillary fissure
in palate/nasal area = PTERYGOID CANAL (junction of
greater petrosal nerve and lesser.. lesser = symp. from
carotid plexus, + pterygoid artery)

visceral motor
(parasympathetic)

Internal acoustic
meatus, facial canal,
foramen for greater
petrosal nerve

secretomotor to lacrimal gland and glands of the nose

and palate

Pterygopalatine fossa: junction of sup. and inf. orbital

fissures also in area: foramen rotundum exit, palatine
canals, pterygoid canal pharyngeal canals, maxillary sinus
below, thmoidal air cell and frontal sinus above

Greater petrosal Presynaptic: superior

salivatory nucles,
postsynaptic:
pterygopalatine
ganglion

Chorda Tympani Presynaptic: superior

visceral motor
salivatory nucles,
(parasympathetic)
postsynaptic:
submandibular ganglion

VIII

IX

Vestibulocochlear

vestibular
S- special sensory
ganglion/vestibular
nuclei
spiral ganglion/cochlear special sensory
nuclei

Glossopharyngeal

presynaptic: inferior
salivatory nucleus,
postsynaptic: otic
ganglion

Vagus

internal acoustic
secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual salivary
meatus, facial canal, glands
petrotympanic fissure

internal acoustic
meatus

vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, and

saccule related to position and movement of head

internal acoustic
meatus

hearing from spiral organ

B- somatic sensory,
somatic motor,
visceral sensory,
visceral motor

jugular foramen

branchial motor

jugular foramen

motor to stylopharyngeus that assists with swallowing

visceral motor
(parasympathetic)

jugular foramen

secretomotor to parotid gland

visceral sensory

jugular foramen

special sensory

jugular foramen

visceral sensation from parotid gland, carotid body,

carotid sinus, pharynx and middle ear
taste from post. 1/3 of TONGUE

general sensory

jugular foramen

cutaneous sensation from external ear

B- somatic sensory,
somatic motor,
visceral sensory,
visceral motor
branchial motor

jugular foramen

jugular foramen

motor to constrictor muscles of pharynx, intrinsic

muscles of larynx, muscles of palate (except tensor veli
palatini), and striated muscle in superior 2/3 esophagus

levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini (more lateral)

innervated by V3

visceral motor
(parasympathetic)

jugular foramen

motor to smooth muscle of trachea, bronchi, and

digestive tract; moderates cardiac pacemaker and
vasoconstrictor of coronary arteries

visceral sensory

jugular foramen

visceral sensation from base of tongue, pharyx, larynx,

trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, intestines

special sensory

jugular foramen

taste from epiglottis and palate

jugular foramen

hypoglossal canal

sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and

dura mater or posterior cranial fossa
motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius,
(pharyngopalatine)
motor to muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus..
=glossopalatine arch, but includes pharyngopalatine
arch/muscle )

XI

Accessory

general/somatic
sensory
M- somatic

XII

Hypoglossal

M- somatic

jugular foramen