Académique Documents
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NIVELNCEP TOR
RodicaFlorentinaNegr u
An universitar 2014-2015
Content
Lesson 1
The English Alphabet ............................................................................................................. 3
Greeting people....................................................................................................................... 3
Pronounciation ........................................................................................................................ 3
Diphthongs.............................................................................................................................. 3
Lesson 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The verb ''to be" ...................................................................................................................... 3
Numbers.................................................................................................................................. 3
Cardinal numbers .................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 3
Colours.................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The Noun ................................................................................................................................ 3
Telling the Time ..................................................................................................................... 3
O'clock (Fix) ........................................................................................................................... 3
Asking for the Time ................................................................................................................ 3
Giving the Time ...................................................................................................................... 3
AM vs. PM ............................................................................................................................. 3
Lesson 5 ...................................................................................................................................... 3
THE ARTICLE....................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Capital Letter Use ................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 7 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The Simple Present Tense ...................................................................................................... 3
Animals ................................................................................................................................... 3
Plants ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 8 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Quantifiers .............................................................................................................................. 3
Foods & Drinks ...................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 9 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The adjective........................................................................................................................... 3
The house ................................................................................................................................ 3
Lesson 10 ................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 1
Consonants
Greeting people
Informal
Formal
Hello!
Hi!
(Buna!)
Hey, there!
What's up?
(Ce faci/faceti?)
How it going?
(Ce faci/faceti?)
I'm fine/well!
(Bine!/Sunt bine!)
Good bye!
(Pa pa!)
(La revedere!)
Lesson 2
We are
You are
You are
He/She/It is
They are
Past Tense
I was
We were
You were
You were
He/She/It was
They were
Numbers
Cardinal numbers
zero (in spoken language and for temperatures)
"O" (pronounced like the English letter "O"; used in spoken communication, especially
telephone numbers
1 one
7 seven
13 thirteen
2two
8 eight
14 fourteen
3 three
9 nine
15 fifteen
4 four
10 ten
16 sixteen
5 five
11 eleven
17 seventeen
6 six
12 twelve
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
40 fourty
20 twenty
50 fifty
21 twenty-one
60 sixty
22 twenty-two
70 seventy
23 twenty-three
80 eighty
30 thirty
90 ninety
Ordinal numbers
1 first
12 twelfth
23 twenty-third
2 second
13 thirteenth
24 twenty-fourth
3 third
14 fourteenth
30 thirtieth
4 fourth
15 fifteenth
40 fortieth
5 fifth
16 sixteenth
50 fiftieth
6 sixth
17 seventeenth
60 sixtieth
7 seventh
18 eighteen
70 seventieth
8 eighth
19 nineteenth
80 eightieth
9 ninth
20 twentieth
90 ninetieth
10 tenth
21 twenty-first
100 hundred
11 eleventh
22 twenty-second
Expressing repetition
once (o data)
twice (de doua ori)
three times (de trei ori)
four times (de patru ori)
five times (de cinci ori)
Lesson 3
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
They take the place of nouns and are used as the subject of the verb in a sentence.
Singular
I
you
he/she/it
Plural
we
you
they
e.g.
My name is David. I am the youngest in the family.
This is my father. He is a teacher.
The following are also personal pronouns. They also take the place of nouns.These
pronouns are used as the object of the verb in a sentence.
The object of a sentence is the person, animal, place or thing that receives the action
shown by the verb.
(Dative/Accusative)
Singular
me
you
him/her/it
Plural
us
you
them
e.g
I am standing on my head. Look at me.
My mother is kind. Everybody likes her.
Possessive pronouns
Singular
my/mine
your/yours
his/hers/its
Plural
our/ours
your/yours
their/their
Reflexive pronouns
They refer to the person or animal that is the subject of the verb.
Singular
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
e.g.
Plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Plural
these
those
Colours
white - alb
yellow - galben
orange - portocaliu
pink - roz
red - rosu
brown - maro
green - verde
blue - albastru
purple - mov
grey/gray- gri
black- negru
Shades of colour
Other
silver / silver coloured - argintiu
gold /gold coloured - auriu
multicoloured - multicolor
Lesson 4
The Noun
- substantivul -
A noun is a part of speech that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or
action.
Types of nouns:
proper (proprii) - refer to the name of a single person, place or thing (se refera la nume
de persoane, locuri sau lucruri): John, Joseph, London...
common (comune) - is the name of a group of similar things (numele unui grup de
lucruri asemanatoare, cunoscute: table, book, window...
countable (numarabile) - have a singular and a plural form (au forma de singular si
plural): friends, chairs, houses, boys...
uncountable (nenumarabile) - can only be used in singular (se folosesc numai la
singular): money, bread, water, coffee...
concrete (concrete) - name something recognizable through the sense (denumesc ceva
care poate fi recunoscut): table, dog, house...
abstract (abstracte) - names an idea, event, quality, or concept (nume de idei,
evenimente, calitati sau concepte): freedom, love, courage...
Gender of Nouns
- genul substantivelor -
through siffixes (prin sufixe): actor -actress, prince - princess, hero - heroine
different words (prin cuvinte diferite): husband - wife, uncle - aunt, bull - cow, cock hen, fox - vixen
For the plural form of most nouns, add " s". (Pentru majoritatea formelor de singular,
se adauga "s")
cup cups(cana)
pencil pencils(creion)
desk desks(birou)
window windows(fereastra)
For nouns that end in ch, x, s, add "es". (Pentru substantivele care se termina in ch, x, s, se
adauga "es")
box boxes(cutie)
watch watches(ceas)
dress dresses(rochie)
bus buses(autobuz)
For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add "es". (Pentru substantivele care se termina
in f sau fe, f se transforma in v si se adauga "es")
wolf wolves(lup)
wife wives(sotie)
leaf leaves(frunza)
life lives(viata)
Some nouns have different plural forms. (Unele substantive au pluraluri diferite)
child children(copil)
woman women(femeie)
man men(barbat)
mouse mice(soarece)
goose geese(gasca)
Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules. (Substantivele care se termina
in vocale ca y sau o nu au reguli fixe)
baby babies(bebelus)
toy toys(jucarie)
kidney kidneys(rinichi)
potato potatoes(cartof)
stereo stereos(stereo)
A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms. (Unele substantive au aceleasi forme de
singular sau plural)
deer deer(caprioara)
series series(serie)
species species(specie)
Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence (Alegeti forma corecta a substantivului
in fiecare propozitie):
1) I have three (child, children).
2) There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
3) (Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys.
4) I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.
5) A few men wear (watch, watches).
6) I saw a (mouse, mice) running by.
7) There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.
Units of time
- unitati de timp second - secunda
minute - minut
hour - ora
day - zi
week - saptamana
weekend
month - luna
year - an
decade - decada
century - secol
Times of day
- parti ale zilei morning - dimineata
afternoon - dupa-amiaza
evening - seara
night - noapte
midday/noon - miezul
zilei/amiaza
midnight - miezul noptii
dawn - zori
dusk - amurg
sunset - apus
sunrise - rasarit
Months
- lunile January - ianuarie
February - februarie
March - martie
April - aprilie
May - mai
June - iunie
July - iulie
August - august
September - septembrie
October - octombrie
November - noiembrie
December- decembrie
in January...
Seasons
- anotimpurile -
spring - primavara
summer - vara
autumn/fall - toamna
winter - iarna
in summer...
2) Say the minutes first and then the hour. (Spunem intai minutele si apoi ora)
Minutes + PAST / TO + Hour
For minutes 1-30 we use PAST after the minutes.(Pentru minutele 1-30 folosim PESTE dupa minute)
For minutes 31-59 we use TO after the minutes. (Pentru minutele 31-59 folosim PANA LA dupa
minute)
O'clock (Fix)
We use o'clock when there are NO minutes. (Folosim fix atunci cand nu sunt minute)
AM vs. PM
We don't normally use the 24-hour clock in English.
We use a.m. (am) for the morning and p.m. (pm) for the afternoon and night.
3am = Three o'clock in the morning.
3pm = Three o'clock in the afternoon
Lesson 5
THE ARTICLE
There are 3 types of articles in English:
Definite article
Indefinite article
Zero article
Indefinite articles
The words a, an and the are called articles.
The words a and an are indefinite articles.
They are used with singular nouns.
Use a before nouns that begin with a consonant.
Use an before nouns that begin with a vowel.
e.g.
John is reading a book.
Have you ever seen an elephant?
Definite article
The word the is called the definite article.
Use the before a noun when you are talking to someone who already knows which person or
thing you mean.
e.g.
Dad is sitting in the garden.
Who made the mess on the carpet?
Ill wait for you in the car.
Using Nouns without Articles
When you are talking about something in general, not a particular thing, use a noun without
an article.
You can also use plural nouns without an article.
e.g.
Frogs are my favorite animals.
Children like playing games.
Babies cry a lot.
Nouns that don't show quantity are normally used without a or an.
The article the, however, may be used with nouns that don't show quantity.
e.g.
I like sunshine.
A clock measures time.
Would you pass me the salt, please.
You often use the singular nouns school, home, work, church without an article:
e.g.
We go to school by bus.
Dad has already left home for work.
They go to church on Sundays.
Family members
Family
great grandfather - strabunic
great grandmother - strabunica
grandfather (grandpa) - bunic
grandmother(grandma) - bunica
father (dad, daddy) - tata / step father - tata vitreg
mother (mom, mummy) - mama / step mother - mama vitrega
brother (bro') - frate / step brother, half brother - frate vitreg
sister (sis') - sora / step sister, half sister - sora vitrega
uncle - unchi
aunt (auntie) - matusa
cousin - var/verisoara
son - fiu
daughter - fiica
nephew - nepot
niece - nepoata
grandson - nepot
granddaughter - nepoata
In-laws:
father-in-law - socru
mother -in-law - soacra
brother-in-law - cumnat
sister-in-law - cumnata
son-in-law - ginere
daughter-in-law - nora
Lesson 6
The capital letter is also called a big letter or uppercase letter, or sometimes just a capital.
Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays,days of the week, months of the year:
New Years Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mothers Day,
Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October
Exercise 1
Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space
above them.
1 peter and i are good friends.
2 we are going to chicago during our summer vacation.
3 there is an interesting football game on sunday.
4 jason lives on thomson avenue.
5january is the first month of the year.
BODY PARTS
Skin (piele)
Superior
parts:
body
Head(cap):
Hair (par)
Forehead(frunte)
Ears(urechi)
Eyes(ochi): Eyelashes (gene)
Eyebrows(sprancene)
Nose(nas)
Mouth(gura): Teeth(dinti)
Tongue(limba)
Lips (buze)
Throat(gat)
Shoulders(umeri)
Chest (piept)
Arm (brat)
Elbow(cot)
Forearm(antebrat)
Wrist(incheietura)
Hand(mana)
Fingers(degete): thumb(degetul mare);
index(aratator);
middle(mijlociu);
ring(inelar);
little(mic)
Abdomen(abdomen)
Stomach(stomac)
Belly(burta)
Navel(buric)
Inferior body parts:
Waist(talie, mijloc)
Hips(solduri)
Bottom (fund)
Leg(picior)
Thigh(coapsa)
Knee(genunchi)
Calf (gamba)
Ankle(glezna)
Foot(picior)
Heel(calcai)
Toes(degetele piciorului)
THE SENSES
Sight (Vederea) - shiny / bright (stralucitor), colourful (colorat), dark (intunecat), round
(rotund), pointed (ascutit)
Hearing (Auzul) - high (inalt), low (redus, slab), loud (tare, zgomotos, rasunator), quiet (tacut),
shrill (ascutit, strident), squeaky (scartait).
Smell (Mirosul) - strong (puternic), fresh (proaspat), sweet (dulce), fishy (miros urat), musty
(mucegait)
Touch (Simt tactil) - rough (aspru), soft (fin), hot (fierbinte), cold (rece), bumpy (denivelat),
smooth (neted)
Taste (Gustul) - sour (acru), sweet (dulce), salty (sarat), bitter (amar), spicy
(picant/aromat/condimentat)
Lesson 7
Animals
Domestic Animals (animale domestice)
cat pisica
dog caine
mouse soarece
rabbit iepure
rooster cocos
hen gaina
chicken pui
duck rata
goose gasca
turkey curcan
cow vaca
bull taur
goat capra
sheep oaie
donkey magar
mule catar
horse cal
pig porc
elephant elefant
kangaroo cangur
zebra zebra
monkey maimuta
gorilla gorilla
panda panda
rhinoceros rinocer
hippopotamus hipopotam
deer caprioara
giraffe girafa
squirrel veverita
lizard soparla
snake sarpe
crocodile crocodile
alligator - aligator
dolphin delfin
whale balena
seal foca
octopus - caracatita
crow cioara
owl bufnita
eagle- vultur
falcon soim
woodpecker - ciocanitoare
Insects (insecte)
mosquito tantar
ant furnica
fly musca
moth molie
butterfly future
bee albino
wasp viespe
lady bug gargarita
beetle/bug gandac
scorpion scorpion
spider - paianjen
Plants
grass- iarba
root radacina
flower floare
dahlia dalie
sunflower floareasoarelui
carnation garoafa
fruit - fruct
tree copac
daffodil narcisa
orchid orhidee
rose trandafir
tulip lalea
poppy mac
dandelion papadie
daisy margareta
hyacinth - zambila
Lesson 8
Quantifiers
Words such as many, much and several tell about quantity without giving an exact
number. They are called quantifying determiners.(Cuvintele ca multe, mult, cateva arata
cantitatea fara a da un numar exact. Ele sunt numite quantificatori)
Some quantifying determiners are used only with plural nouns. They are few, a few,
fewer, many, several and both. (Unii cuantificatori sunt folositi doar cu substantive la plural. Ei
sunt: putin, mai putin, mult, cateva, ambele)
e.g.
Few people have been to the moon.
We went to Europe many years ago.
A few children are absent today.
Several friends went with me.
I have fewer CDs than you.
Both brothers have dark hair.
Some quantifying determiners can be used with plural nouns and nouns that show no
exact number. They are all, half, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, more, most, other and plenty
of.(Unii quatificatori pot fi folositi cu substantive la plural si cu substantive care nu arata un
numar exact. Ei sunt: tot, jumatate, niste, sufficient, multe, mai multe, cele mai multe, altele si o
multime de).
e.g.
All children seem to like chocolate.
Jenny spends half her time watching television.
Can I have some water?
Do you have enough books to read?
A lot of people like burgers.
You will gain weight if you eat lots of ice cream.
Youve got more brothers than I have.
Most teachers enjoy teaching.
He likes playing with other children.
Drink plenty of water every day.
Some determiners can be used only with nouns of no exact number. They are little
(meaning not much), a little (meaning some), much and less. (Unii quantificatori se folosesc
numai impreuna cu substantive care nu arata un numar exact. Ei sunt: putin, mult, mai putin)
e.g.
We have little time to play.
Theres a little rice left.
Does the teacher give you much homework?
Ive got less ice cream than you.
Some quantifying determiners can only be used with singular nouns. They are another,
every and each.(Unii quantificatori pot fi folositi doar cu substantive la singular. Ei sunt: altul,
fiecare.)
e.g.
I need another pencil.
He likes every child in the class.
Each house is painted a different color.
The quantifying determiners either and neither refer to two people or things.
(Quantificatorul nici se foloseste atunci cand ne referim la 2 persoane sau la 2 lucruri)
e.g.
Some quantifying determiners are used with singular, plural, or nouns of no exact
quantity. They are any, no, no other and the other. (Unii quatificatori sunt folositi cu substantive
la singular, la plural sau care nu arata cantitatea. Ei sunt vreo/vreun, nici un/o, nici o alta, alta)
e.g.
Dairy:
butter unt
cream smantana
cheese branza
milk lapte
yoghurt iaurt
Sweets:
sugar zahar
jam gem
marmalade marmelada
honey miere
chocolate ciocolata
Vegetables:
cabbage - varza
carrot - morcov
cucumber castravete
beans fasole
garlic usturoi
onion - ceapa
Fruits:
Apple mar
Apricot - caisa
Banana banana
Cherry cireasa
Blackberry mura
Blueberry coacaza
Raspberry zmeura
Strawberry capsuna
Coconut nuca de cocos
Grape strugure
Grapefruit grepfrut
Kiwi - kiwi
Lemon lamiae
Orange portocala
Herbs:
celery telina
leek praz
leustean lovage
parsley patrunjel
dill - marar
basil busuioc
rosemary rozmarin
thyme cimbru
Chilli chilli
Paprika boia de ardei
Saffron sofran
Cinnamon scortisoara
Curry curry
Olive oil ulei de masline
Drinks:
Soft drinks:
Water apa
Still water apa plata
Sparkling/mineral water apa
minerala
Juice suc (e.g. apple juice, orange
juice, etc.)
Tea ceai
Lemonade limonada
Milkshake (bautura de lapte cu
inghetata)
Smoothie (bautura de fruncte pasate)
Coffee cafea
Cocoa lapte cu cacao
Hot chocolate ciocolata calda
Alcoholic drinks:
Beer bere
Wine vin
Champagne - sampanie
Liqueur lichior
Gign gin
Rum rom
Whisky / whiskey
Vodka
Lesson 9
The Adjective
An adjective is a describing word. It tells you more about a noun. An adjective usually
appears before the noun it describes. Sometimes, though, the adjective appears after the noun,
later in the sentence.
e.g.
a busy street(o strada aglomerata)
a dark corner(un colt intunecat)
e.g.
a beautiful dress(o rochie frumoasa)
a careless driver(un conducator neatent)
a faithful dog(un caine credincios)
a harmless insect(o insect inofensiva)
a useful tool(o unealta folositoare)
An adjective that ends in -less is the opposite of the same adjective that ends in -ful.
For example:
careful careless(atent neatent)
useful useless(folositor nefolositor)
colorful colorless (colorat incolor)
harmful harmless(raufacator inofensiv)
The -ful ending means having a lot of something.
For example:
painful = having a lot of pain (pain = durere)
hopeful = having a lot of hope (hope = speranta)
The -less ending means without.
For example:
leafless = without leaves (leaf = frunza)
sleeveless = without sleeves (sleeve = maneca)
Here are some adjectives with the endings -able, -al, -en, -ible, -ish and -ous.
childish behavior(copilaresc)
a national costume(national)
a comfortable chair(confortabil)
a musical instrument(musical)
a dangerous place (periculos)
a terrible mess(teribila)
a famous pop singer(faimos)
a foolish act(prostesc)
a woolen sweater(din lana)
a horrible smell (oribil)
a wooden table (din lemn)
a loveable koala(dragut)
Kinds of adjectives
There are different kinds of adjectives.
Some adjectives describe the qualities of nouns.
Some adjectives tell you which place or country a person or thing comes from, or belongs
to. They are called adjectives of origin.
e.g.
Chinese kungfu
an Indian temple
a Mexican hat
the English language
the French flag
an Italian car
a Japanese garden
a Scottish kilt
Thai boxing
e.g.
The sea is blue.
George is wearing brown shoes.
I dont like green apples.
Carrots are orange.
Flamingos are pink.
Eggplants are purple.
Roses are red.
Some adjectives tell you the size of the nouns they describe.
e.g.
a big hat
broad shoulders
a high mountain
a large ship
a long bridge
a low ceiling
a narrow path
small animals
tiny insects
a wide street
Numbers are adjectives, too. They tell you how many people, animals, or things there
are. Sometimes they are called adjectives of quantity.
e.g.
one giant
ten apples
fifteen eggs
Other adjectives tell you something about quantity without giving you the exact number.
a lot of books
a few puppies
not many people
too much salt
lots of insects
plenty of money
some food
e.g.
Comparison of adjectives
When you compare two people or things, use the comparative form of the adjective.
Lots of comparative adjectives end in -er.
e.g.
(mare)big bigger
(mic)small smaller
(ieftin)cheap cheaper
(zgomotos)loud louder
(nou)new newer
(vechi)old older
(bogat))rich richer
(scund)short shorter
(inalt)tall taller
(incet)slow slower
Use the superlative form of an adjective to compare three or more nouns. Lots of
superlatives end in -est.
e.g.
(inchis)dark darker darkest
(mare)big bigger biggest
(usor)easy easier easiest
(greu)heavy heavier heaviest
(fierbinte)hot hotter hottest
(zgomotos)noisy noisier noisiest
(simplu)simple simpler simplest
(lung)long longer longest
With some adjectives, you use more to make the comparative form, and most to make
the superlative form.
e.g.
active
beautiful
more active
more beautiful
most active
most beautiful
The comparative and superlative forms of some adjectives are completely different
words.
e.g.
good
little
bad
few
many
much
better
less
worse
less
more
more
best
least
worst
least
most
most
The house
Table - masa
Chairs - scaune
Fridge - frigider
Cooker(oven and hob) aragaz (cuptor si plita)
Sink - chiuveta
Dishwasher spalator de vase
Microwave - microunde
In the bathroom:
Toilet - toaleta
Shower - dus
Bathtub - cada
Sink - chiuveta
Mirror - oglinda
Lesson 10
Infinitive
be
begin
A sparge
A aduce
A cumpara
A construi
A alege
A veni
A costa
A taia
A face
A desena
A conduce
A manca
A simti
A gasi
A obtine
A da
A merge
A avea
A auzi
A tine
A pastra
A sti
A pleca
A conduce
A lasa
A minti
A pierde
A face
A insemna
A intalni
A plati
A pune
A alerga
A spune
A vedea
A vinde
A trimite
A stabili
break
bring
buy
build
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw
drive
eat
feel
find
get
give
go
have
hear
hold
keep
know
leave
lead
let
lie
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
run
say
see
sell
send
set
broke
brought
bought
built
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drew
drove
ate
felt
found
got
gave
went
had
heard
held
kept
knew
left
led
let
lay
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set
broken
brought
bought
built
chosen
come
cost
cut
done
drawn
driven
eaten
felt
found
got
given
gone
had
heard
held
kept
known
left
led
let
lain
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
run
said
seen
sold
sent
set
A sta
A vorbi
A cheltui
A sta
A lua
A preda
A spune
A gandi
A intelege
A purta
A castiga
A scrie
sit
speak
spend
stand
take
teach
tell
think
understand
wear
win
write
sat
spoke
spent
stood
took
taught
told
thought
understood
wore
won
wrote
sat
spoken
spent
stood
taken
taught
told
thought
understood
worn
won
written
Clothes
Men Clothes
a shirt - camasa
a jacket - jacheta
a pair of trainers - adidasi
a t-shirt - tricou
a pair of boots - ghete
a waistcoat - vesta
a jumper - pulover
Women Clothes
a dress - rochie
a blouse - bluza
a bra - sutien
a skirt - fusta
a pair of tights -dresuri
a top - top
a dressing gown - halat
Footwear
a pair of mans shoes pantofi
barbatesti
Lesson 11
Jobs
accountant(s) - contabil
baker(s) - brutar
barber(s) - frizer
builder(s) - constructor
carpenter(s) - tamplar
cashier(s) - casier
chef(s) - bucatar
cleaner(s) - curatitor
doctor(s) - doctor
electrician(s) - electrician
butcher(s) - macelar
chambermaid(s) - camerista
dentist(s) - dentist
engineer(s) - inginer
hairdresser(s) - coafor
judge(s) - judecator
lawyer(s) - avocat
nurse(s) - asistenta
optician(s) - optician
painter(s) - zugrav
porter(s) - hamal
reporter(s) - reporter
post[wo]man
(post[wo]men) - postas
receptionist(s) - receptioner
sales representative(s)
reprezentant in vanzari
scientist(s) om de stiinta
surgeon(s) - chirurg
tailor(s) - croitor
teacher(s) - profesor
technician(s) - tehnician
vet(s) - veterinar
waiter(s) - ospatar
welder(s) - sudor
camping
card games
crosswords
chess
darts
cinema
eating out
computer games
gardening
the Internet
cooking
knitting
Painting
playing guitar
pool
puzzle games
sailing
reading
sunbathing
watching TV
travelling
Lesson 12
Present Continuous
Form:
Subject + auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
When do you use the present progressive tense? To talk about actions in the present, or things
that are still going on or happening now.
e.g.
I am writing a letter.
The phone is ringing.
The present participle is the form of a verb ending with -ing.
e.g.
show + ing = showing
come + ing = coming
You have to double the last letter of some verbs before you add -ing.
e.g.
get + ing = getting rob + ing = robbing
nod + ing = nodding stop + ing = stopping
jog + ing = jogging swim + ing = swimming
Notice that the verbs above are all short verbs of just one syllable. They all end with a
consonant such as b, d, g, m, p, t and have only one vowel before the consonant.
If a verb ends in e, you usually have to drop the e before you add -ing.
e.g.
chase + ing = chasing
cycle + ing = cycling
drive + ing = driving
smile + ing = smiling
The present continuous is used:
to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared:
We're going on holiday tomorrow.
I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
The verbs in the list below are normally used in the simple form because they refer to states, rather
than actions or processes.
SENSES / PERCEPTION
to feel*
to hear
to see*
to smell
to taste
OPINION
to assume
to believe
to consider
to doubt
to feel (= to think)
to find (= to consider)
to suppose
to think*
MENTAL STATES
to forget
to imagine
to know
to mean
to notice
to recognise
to remember
to understand
EMOTIONS / DESIRES
to envy
to fear
to dislike
to hate
to hope
to like
to love
to mind
to prefer
to regret
to want
to wish
OTHERS
to look (=resemble)
to seem
to be (in most cases)
to have(when it means "to possess")
EXCEPTIONS
Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: : I can see... These verbs
may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning
This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities)
John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)
She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)
She's having supper. (She's eating)
I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)
I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)
Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: I can see... These verbs
may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning
This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities)
John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)
She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)
She's having supper. (She's eating)
I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)
I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)
Weather
Hot - firebinte
Warm - cald
Cold - rece
Sunny - insorit
Cloudy - innorat
Overcast - mohorat
Rain - ploaie
Lightning fulger
Thunder - tunet
Snow - zapada
Hailstone - grindina
Rain and snow - lapovita
Thunder storm - furtuna
Frost - inghet
Freeze - ger
Dew roua
Fog -ceata
Wind - vant
Strong wind vant puternic
Rainbow - curcubeu
Clear senin
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Turai, Ioana Maria, Gramatica limbii engleze, Editura Corint, Bucureti, 2008
2. Chirea Ungureanu, Carmen, English Grammar Exercises and quizzes, Editura Andrei aguna,
Constana, 2006
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