Stable Isotopes

0
-20
-40
Delta Deuterium - per mil
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-22

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

10

Delta Oxygen 18 - per mil

327595684.xlsx

08/23/2016

3000

2500

2000 Enthalpy - kj/kg

Discharge

1500

1000

500

0
0

500

1000

1500

2000
Chloride - ppm

2500

3000

3500

4000

3000

Quartz
Geothermometer Enthalpy - kj/kg
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0

500

1000

1500

2000
Chloride - ppm

2500

3000

3500

4000

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7

10Mg/(10Mg+Ca)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

10K/(10K+Na)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

log(K2/Mg)
0

-1

-4

-3

-2

Log(PCO2) bar

log(K2/Ca)
2

-1

log (K2/Mg)
0

100

200

SiO2 mg/kg
300
363

400

500

600

333

Partial Equilibration
Immature Waters

Li - Rb - Cs Ternary

327595684.xlsx

08/23/2016

Li - Rb - Cs Ternary

327595684.xlsx

08/23/2016

80%

60%

40%

20%

Trili
near
cati
ons
A
grid
cati
ons
B
grid
cati
ons
C
grid
Cati
ons
anio
ns A
grid
anio
ns B
grid
anio
ns
C
grid

80%

60%

40%

20%

Prospect Map
659000

654000

---------------------------------

649000
UTM North

644000

639000

634000
350000

355000

360000
UTM East

365000

370000

Geothermometers
Temperatures in degrees C

Sample Name
FM-1
FM-2
FM-3
FM-4
FM-5
FM-6
FM-7
FM-8
FM-9
FM-10
FM-11
FM-12
FM-13
FM-14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Amorphous
Silica

Alpha
Cristobalite

Beta
Cristobalite

Chalcedony
conductive

Quartz
conductive

-50
-49
16
44
-19
-36
6
14
-1
-10
-2
-127
0
-22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10
11
86
117
46
26
74
83
66
56
65
-83
68
43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-34
-33
37
67
-1
-19
26
35
18
9
18
-116
20
-3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

27
28
110
144
66
44
97
107
88
77
87
-73
90
62
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

59
60
137
167
97
76
125
134
117
107
116
-78
118
93
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Quartz
adiabatic

Na-K-Ca

65
66
132
157
98
80
122
130
115
107
115
-28
117
95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

57
196
51
44
37
11
66
62
42
67
59
31
79
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Na-K-Ca Mg Na/K Fournier

corr
1979
57
100
51
44
37
11
60
52
42
51
59
31
79
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

215
215
261
306
298
207
276
315
255
315
254
563
377
387
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Na/K
Truesdell
1976

Na/K
Giggenbach
1988

Na/K Tonani
1980

185
185
245
307
296
175
265
319
236
319
235
759
413
430
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

230
231
273
314
307
223
287
321
267
322
267
534
376
386
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

220
220
288
359
346
209
311
373
278
373
277
901
482
501
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Na/K
& Nieva
202
202
247
291
283
194
262
299
241
300
240
544
360
371
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Nieva
1987

Na/K
Arnorsson
1983
193
193
249
306
296
183
268
317
241
317
240
694
402
416
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

K/Mg Giggenbach
1986
57
119
48
40
51
46
56
54
44
56
52
53
74
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Liquid chemistry plotting spreadsheet version 3

Powell Geoscience Ltd. 3 September 2012

Sample Name
FM-1
FM-2
FM-3
FM-4
FM-5
FM-6
FM-7
FM-8
FM-9
FM-10
FM-11
FM-12
FM-13
FM-14

Lab Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Date

Copy water chemistry data into data field below. Use negative numbers
plotted at detection. Cut & paste or move data but do not

Sample
Label
FM-1
FM-2
FM-3
FM-4
FM-5
FM-6
FM-7
FM-8
FM-9
FM-10
FM-11
FM-12
FM-13
FM-14

UTM east UTM north

Elevation

CFB Ternary
factor

ld below. Use negative numbers to indicate detection limit. Data will be

& paste or move data but do not delete lines or columns.

Temp C
50.7
46.8
37.4
88,3
69.2
43,4
48,1
45.7
36
40.9
34.7
134,0
40.4
93.7

Steam
Fraction

pH
6.18
6.34
6.58
2.35
6.41
6.82
7.58
6.29
6.72
7.3
6.49
5.13
8.34
7.64

Li
0.09
8.27
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01

Cl
F
B

Ternary plot
multiplier factors:

Na
104
2379
38
14
44
48
45
36
26
20
58
1
13
5

K
10
233
6
3
10
4
8
9
4
5
9
1
5
2

Ca
151.4
673.1
57.5
22.0
294.2
457.3
47.3
59.5
38.5
14.3
77.2
0.8
6.8
5.3

Mg
27.35
106.40
22.71
15.81
46.92
13.44
18.88
29.31
12.75
7.55
30.21
0.16
1.68
1.93

1
25
25

SiO2
18
18
99
164
44
28
80
94
67
56
67
0
70
41

CLB Ternary

LRC Ternary

factor
Cl
Li
B

B
1
102
0
1
0
0
0
0,18
0
0
0
2
0
0

factor

1
100
25

Cl
18
4621
3
3
2
1
5
2
1
2
2
0
2
1

CSH Ternary

Li
Rb
Cs

F
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

factor

1
Cl
4
SO4
10
HCO3
mg/kg
SO4
482
420
7
1792
760
1097
35
3
4
2
30
14
3
2

NKM Ternary

HCO3
222
352
386
0
282
119
312
448
250
132
508
4
63
37

1
1
1

CO3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0

factor
Na
K
Mg^.5

NH4
0.1
1.2
0.3
2.9
1.0
0.9
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.4
3.5
0.3
0.6

1
10
1000

As
1
60
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009

XYZ Ternary
column
K
Y
Z

Rb

XYZ Ternary

Isotopes

element

factor

Li
Rb
Cs

1
4
10

Cs

Sr

Position of fractionation cluster

Position of meteoric trend line label

Ba

Fe
0.16
0.98
0.01
114.94
0.83
0.54
0.05
6.17
0.02
0.03
0.05
1.82
0.03
0.03

Mn

Cond
umhos/cm

Piper Plot
Separation of plot fields
-10
-16

-20

del 18O

del D

sum
cations
14.60
153.07
6.55
11.82
20.80
26.19
6.08
7.47
4.19
2.33
9.09
0.36
1.20
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Piper Plot
Separation of plot fields
0.2

sum
anions
14.18
144.84
6.55
37.41
20.59
24.85
6.00
7.44
4.20
2.27
9.00
0.36
1.16
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Charge
Balance
1%
3%
0%
-52%
1%
3%
1%
0%
0%
1%
0%
0%
2%
2%

Liquid_Analysis_v3_Powell&Cumming_2010_StanfordGW Geochemical Plotting

The charts and geothermometry report in this spreadsheet are described in an accompanying article b
Cumming delivered at the 35th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, S
February 1-3, 2010. References for the calculations and charts can be found in that document

This spreadsheet accepts water chemistry and stable isotope data and plots them in standard ternary a
grids. Data are pasted into the 'Input' sheet and appear on all the graphics applicable to that data type
cut, pasted and moved within the data entry field without changing cell addresses in the calculations.

Graphics can be edited directly as EXCEL97 graphics and certain grid dimentions (e.g. multipliers on t
evaporation cluster location on the stable isotope grid) can be changed on the 'input' sheet. Fields for
parameters are located above the data entry field.
Data entry field:
1)

Rows 7 through 36 accept data for the plots (30 data points). The first 3 columns (Sample Name
Date) are not referenced by the plots and are there for user reference.

2)

Sample Label' in column D is a text field that will determine the label for points on the plots. The
chart labeler 97' can also be used to label the charts

3)

Columns E, F, G & H are for UTM location, elevation and sample temperature. These will be us
locations on the "Map" sheet. Scales on the "Map" chart will need to be adjusted to accomodate t
square-dimentioned empty text box is included in the upper left corner to assist in rectifying the Nscales of the map

4)

Enter or copy in laboratory analysis data (as mg/kg) in columns I through AD. Parts per million (pp
mg/kg. Data in moles/liter can be converted to mg/kg by multipying by the appropriate molecular
analyte. Henley, Truesdell & Barton (1984) suggest that mg/litre can be converted directly to mg/k
error below about 35,000 mg/kg total dissolved solids, which can be approximated by the sum of a
concentrations a correction for the density of the sample is needed. Data are sometimes listed in w
which can be directly converted to mg/kg (1wt%=10,000 mg/kg). For a more complete discussion
analyses and their conversion to mg/kg, see Hem (1970). Negative values are interpreted a "belo
plotted at the detection limit.

5)

Enter stable isotope data as "del" expressed in per mil (parts per thousand) in columns AE and AF
computed relative to the SMOW standard, such that del = (R - R SMOW) / RSMOW, where R is the isoto
sample (18O/16O or D/H) and RSMOW is the isotope ratio of the standard. For most geothermal fluids
del D will be negative.

6)

Columns BJ through BL present the sums of cations and anions charge (in meq/mg) and the char
percentage of the total ionic charge of the solution [cations-anions]/[cations+anions]. Charge in m
(meq/kg) is calculated using the conversion factors in Row 5 of hidden columns AG to BI. The con
iron assumes Fe+2. The sum of cations includes pH only if a pH value is entered. Charge balance
are highlighted in red font. An excess of anions or cations greater than this indicates an erroneou
the major ionic species or a missing major ionic species

7)

Points plotted on the grids are accompanied by labels input in column D. Empty data rows (rows
chemical or isotope data) are plotted outside of the chart area (99, -99, 999, etc) and their data lab
Labels for incomplete data will sometimes be plotted to the left outside the chart area. These can
presentation by adjusting the plot ranges of the charts. This may, however, permanently remove t
data range beyond the plot range. It is recommended that graphs to be altered for presentation sh
separate sheet (Menu:"Edit"/"Move or Copy Sheet"/"Create a Copy" checkbox)

8)

Ternary vertex multipliers (the amounts multiplying the elements in the ternary plots) can be chang
above the data input field. It should be noted that in most cases the values in the box are those u
originator (i.e, W Giggenbach). The location of the evaporation trend cluster in the isotope chart
meteoric trend line label can be changed in the box on the upper right.

The "Report" sheet gives the results of standard geothermometer calculations for the chemical an
sample name, source and date.
Notes:
9)

1)

Columns AG to BI are hidden. These cells copy the cells in the input field based upon fixed cell a
data can be cut/pasted and moved in the input data field without changing cell addresses in the ca

2)

Columns BM to CT are hidden. These cells contain the geothermometer and ternary grid calculat

3)

Two additional sheets used to generate the plots are hidden but available. Tgrid has the plot data
grids. Ref has reference plot data for the ternaries and cross plots.

4)

Input units are in mg/kg of the chemical species indicated. Data reported for a different variety of
NH3 rather than NH4) needs to be adjusted by the ratio of molecular weights (i.e. mg/kg NH4 = m

5)

Some labs report total inorganic carbon (H2CO3+HCO3 -+CO3=) instead of bicarbonate and carbo
generally reported in units of bicarbonate ("as bicarbonate") and, confusingly, is often called bicarb
inorganic carbon is entered into the bicarbonate field it will result in an excess of anions over catio
does not have a charge in solution. Data should be requested as concentrations of these separate
(i.e., carbonic acid or dissolved CO2, bicarbonate and carbonate)

Versions:
- Added User defined XYZ ternary chart, so that User can define elements for the ternary, as well
Elements are chosen by inputing row letter in left column of box

2 - Change to magnesium ion correction at R<5 to correct for error in equasion. Error caused temp
be 2 deg C too great
-Added row to top of input sheet to accommodate User Defined XYZ ternary
-Fixed cell address of Sample Name in Report page, due to added row at top of Input page

-Corrected R>5 equation for NaKCa Mg ion correction to equation in Fournier & Potter 1979 GCA
-Added column for steam fraction, so that well samples can be corrected for steam loss. This corr
geothermometer values, geothermometer plots and chloride enthalpy plot. If steam fraction is left
is assumed and no correction is applied. No correction is made to isotope data

-The steam fraction correction is made by multiplying the sample concentration by the liquid fractio
complement (1-X) of the steam fraction. Samples with an excess steam correction can be correct
3 complement of the liquid correction factor for the value of steam fraction

-Added enthalpy-chloride plot for discharge enthalpy, sheet "XClHdisch"

-Added solubilities for alpha & beta cristobalite and amorphous silica to Xkms plot

-Added Piper (Trilinear) Plot in sheet "Piper". Data are plotted as milliequivalents/litre, not ppm. L
cropped by decreasing box size. Separation of plot fields can be increased by changing spacing i
charge balance
-Added alpha & beta cristobalite and additional Na/K geothermometers to "Report" sheet.

eochemical Plotting Spreadsheet

an accompanying article by T Powell & W

ring, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
d in that document

them in standard ternary and geothermometer

pplicable to that data type. Data may also be
sses in the calculations.

ntions (e.g. multipliers on ternary diagrams and

e 'input' sheet. Fields for changing these

3 columns (Sample Name, Lab Number &

r points on the plots. The Excel 97 add-in 'X-Y

perature. These will be used to plot the

adjusted to accomodate the locations. A
o assist in rectifying the N-S and E-W grid

h AD. Parts per million (ppm) is equivalent to

he appropriate molecular weight of the
converted directly to mg/kg without noticable
proximated by the sum of analytes. At higher
a are sometimes listed in weight percent,
more complete discussion of units reported in
ues are interpreted a "below detection" and are

and) in columns AE and AF. Del values are

RSMOW, where R is the isotope ratio of the
For most geothermal fluids both del 18O and

(in meq/mg) and the charge balance as a

ions+anions]. Charge in milliequivalents per kg
columns AG to BI. The conversion factor for
entered. Charge balances greater than +-5%
this indicates an erroneous analysis of one of

. Empty data rows (rows without input

999, etc) and their data labels are blank.
he chart area. These can be removed for
ver, permanently remove the labels from the
altered for presentation should be moved to a
eckbox)

ernary plots) can be changed in the boxes

ues in the box are those used by the plot
uster in the isotope chart ("Iso") and the

ations for the chemical analysis, along with

ld based upon fixed cell addresses, so that

ng cell addresses in the calculations.

r and ternary grid calculations

e. Tgrid has the plot data for the ternary

d for a different variety of that species (i.e.,

ights (i.e. mg/kg NH4 = mg/kg NH3*(18/17))

d of bicarbonate and carbonate. This is

ingly, is often called bicarbonate. If total
xcess of anions over cations because H2CO3
ntrations of these separate carbonate specie

nts for the ternary, as well as multiplier factors.

asion. Error caused temperature correction to

nary
at top of Input page

urnier & Potter 1979 GCA paper

d for steam loss. This correction is applled to
ot. If steam fraction is left blank, a zero value
pe data

ntration by the liquid fraction, which is the

m correction can be corrected by entering the

Xkms plot

quivalents/litre, not ppm. Legend can be

sed by changing spacing in Input field above

to "Report" sheet.