Evolution of Mobile Communication From 1 (G) To 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G - Aarti Dahiya PMP®,CFPS - Pulse - LinkedIn

8/23/2016
EvolutionofMobileCommunicationfrom1(G)to4G,5G,6G,7G|AartiDahiyaPMP,CFPS|Pulse|LinkedIn
Evolution of Mobile Communication from

1(G) to 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G
Published on June 8, 2016
Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS Following
Senior Manager - Solution Mgmt. at Vodafone India Limited
ThecellularwirelessGeneration(G)generallyreferstoachangeinthenatureofthe
system,speed,technologyandfrequency.Eachgenerationhavesomestandards,
capacities,techniquesandnewfeatureswhichdifferentiateitfromthepreviousone.
FirstGeneration(1G):The1stcommercialautomatedcellularnetworkwaslaunched
byNTTinJapanin1979,followedbythelaunchofNordicMobileTelephone(NMT)
systeminDenmark,Finland,NorwayandSweden,in1981.
Year19701980s
StandardAMPS(AdvancedMobilePhoneSystem).
ServicesOnlyVoice
TechnologyAnalog
Speed1kbpsto2.4kbps
MultiplexingFDMA
Switchingcircuitswitching
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/evolutionmobilecommunicationfrom1g4g5g6g7gpmpcfps
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CoreNetworkPSTNonly
Frequency800900MHz
RFBandwidth30kHz.Thebandcanaccommodate832duplexchannels,among
which21arereservedforcallsetup,andtherestforvoicecommunication
NetworkComponentsof1(G)
Poorvoicelinks&nosecurityatallsincevoicecallswereplayedbackinradiotowers.
Second Generation (2G):GSMtechnologywasthefirstonetofacilitatedigitalvoice&dataandinternational

roamingandallowingcustomertoroamfromplacetoanother.GSMmaintainsendto
endsecuritybyretainingtheconfidentialityofcallsusingSignallingandData
ConfidentialityandMobilestationAuthentication.
Year19801990
TechnologyDigital
Speed14kbpsto64Kbps
FrequencyBand8501900MHZ(GSM)and825849MHz(CDMA)
Bandwidth/ChannelGSMdivideseach200kHzchannelintoeight25kHztime
slots.CDMAchannelisnominally1.23MHzwide
Multiplexing/AccessTechnologyTDMA&CDMA.
SwitchingCircuitswitching
StandardGSM(GlobalSystemforMobileCommunication),IS95(CDMA)
usedintheAmericasandpartsofAsia),JDC(JapaneseDigitalCellular)(TDMA
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based),usedinJapan,iDEN(TDMAbased),proprietarynetworkusedbyNextelin
theUnitedStates.
ServicesDigitalVoice,SMS,InternationalRoaming,Conferencing,CallWaiting,
CallHold,CallForwarding,CallBarring,CallerNumberIdentification,ClosedUser
Groups(CUGs),USSDServices,Authentication,billingbasedontheservices
providedtotheircustomerse.g.chargesbasedonlocalcalls,longdistancecalls,
discountedcalls,realtimebilling.
Temporaryidentificationnumbersareassignedtothesubscribersnumbertomaintain
theprivacyoftheuser.Theprivacyofthecommunicationismaintainedbyapplying
encryptionalgorithmsandfrequencyhoppingthatcanbeenabledusingdigitalsystems
andsignalling
2.5 Generation: Introduction of packet network to provide high

speed data transfer & internet.
Year20002003
StandardsGeneralPacketRadioService(GPRS)&EDGE(EnhancedDatarates
inGSM)
Frequency:8501900MHz
Speed115kpbs(GPRS)/384kbps(EDGE)
Switchingpacketswitchingfordatatransfer
MultiplexingGaussianminimumshiftkeyingGMSK(GPRS)&EDGE(8PSK)
Servicespushtotalk,multimedia,webbasedinfoentertainment,supportWAP,
MMS,SMSmobilegames,andsearchanddirectory,emailaccess,video
conferencing.NetworkComponentsof2.5(G)
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GPRSprovidespacketswitchingprotocols,shortsetuptimeforISPconnectionsandthe
possibilitytochargethesubscriberaccordingtotheamountofdatasentratherthan
connectiontime.GPRSsupportsflexibledatatransmissionratesandprovides
continuousconnectionwiththenetwork.
GPRSisapacketswitchedservicethattakesadvantageofavailableGSMtimeslotsfor
datacommunications,supportsbothX.25andTCP/IPpacketprotocols,withqualityof
service(QoS)mechanismsandisconsideredmostusefulforburstydataapplications
suchasmobileInternetbrowsing,email,andvariouspushtechnologies
EDGEprovidesnearlythreetimesfasterspeedsthantheoutdatedGPRSsystem.To
supporthigherdatarateEDGEadoptshighermodulationschemessuchas8PSK.
EDGEcanretransmitapacketwithmorerobustcodingscheme.InEDGEre
segmentationispossiblewhileinGPRSresegmentationisnotpossible.InEDGE
packetsareaddressedupto2048andwindowsizeto1024whileGPRSpacketswere
numberedfrom1to128andaddressingwindowsizewas64.
Third Generation (3G)

Thegoalof3Gsystemswastoofferincreaseddatarates.International
TelecommunicationUnion(ITU)hasdefinedthedemandfor3GintheInternational
MobileTelecommunication(IMT)2000standardstofacilitategrowth,greatervoiceand
datacapacity,supportdiverseapplications,andhighdatatransmissionatlowcost.The
dataaresentthroughthetechnologycalledPacketSwitching.Voicecallsareinterpreted
throughCircuitSwitching.
Year2000
Standards
UMTS(WCDMA)BasedonGSM(GlobalSystemsforMobile)2Gsystem
infrastructure,standardizedby3GPP.
CDMA2000BasedonCDMA(IS95)2Gstandard,standardizedby3GPP2.
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TDSCDMAradiointerfacewascommercializedin2009andisonlyofferedin
China
Speed:384KBPSto2MBPS
Frequency:about8to2.5GHz
Bandwidth5to20MHz
Multiplexing/Accesstechnologies
RadiointerfaceiscalledWCDMA(WidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccess)
HSPAisanupgradestoWCDMAoffersspeedsof14.4Mbit/sdownand
5.76Mbit/sup.
HSPA+canprovidetheoreticalpeakdataratesupto168Mbit/sinthedownlinkand
22Mbit/sintheuplink,usingairinterfaceimprovements&multicarrierHSPA
andMIMO.
Cdma20001X:Itcansupportbothvoiceanddataservices.Themax.Dataratecan
reach153kbps,belongingto3Gmobilecommunications.
Services
Wirelessvoicetelephony,highspeedinternetaccess,fixedwirelessInternetaccess,
videocalls,chatting&conferencing,mobileTV,Videoondemand,Locationbased
services,Telemedicine,Webbrowsing,email,paging,faxandnavigationalmaps,
Mobilegaming,mobilemusic,multimediaserviceslikedigitalphotosandmovies.
Localizedservicesforaccessingtrafficandweatherupdates,Mobileofficeservices,like
virtualbanking.Greatersecurityfeaturesthan2GlikeNetworkAccess&Domain
Security,UserDomainandApplicationSecurity.
FourthGeneration(4G)
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FourthGeneration(4G)
Initiationyear2010.4GIn2008,ITURspecifiedtheIMTAdvanced(International
MobileTelecommunicationsAdvanced)requirementsfor4Gsystems.
ThefourthGenerationmobilesystemisallIPbasednetworksystem.Themaingoalof
4Gtechnologyistoprovidehighspeed,highquality,highcapacity,securityandlow
costservicesforvoiceanddataservices,multimediaandinternetoverIP.
Touse4Gmobilenetwork,multimodeuserterminalsshouldbeabletoselectthetarget
wirelesssystem.Toprovidewirelessservicesanytimeandanywhere,terminalmobility
isakeyfactorin4G.
4GintroducednewphysicalradiointerfaceknownasEvolvedUMTSTerrestrialRadio
Access(EUTRA)andnewpacketswitchingbasedcorenetworkcalledasEvolved
PacketCore(EPC).IPbasednetworkarchitecture,allowsforseamlesshandoversfor
voiceanddatatoGSM,UMTSorCDMA2000technology.
StandardsLongTermEvolutionTimeDivisionDuplex(LTETDDandLTE
FDD)MobileWiMAXstandard(802.16mstandardizedbytheIEEE
Speed100Mbpswhilemovingand1Gbpswhilestationary,withthehelpof
followingfeatures
IPtelephony
OFDMAmulticarriertransmissionandfrequencydomainequalization(FDE)
schemes
Smartantennaarraysformultipleinputmultipleoutput(MIMO)communications.
Newfrequencybands,widerchannelfrequencybandwidth
Multiplexing/AccessTechnologiesOFDM,MCCDMA,LASCDMAand
NetworkLMDS
Bandwidth520MHz,optionallyupto40MHz
FrequencyBands:LTEstandardcoversarangeofmanydifferentbands.
InNorthAmerica,700,750,800,850,1900,1700/2100(AWS),2300(WCS)2500
and2600MHzareused(bands2,4,5,7,12,13,17,25,26,30,41)2500MHzin
SouthAmerica
700,800,900,1800,2600MHzinEurope(bands3,7,20)800,1800and
2600MHzinAsia(bands1,3,5,7,8,11,13,40)
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1800MHzand2300MHzinAustralia&NewZealand(bands3,40).
ServicesMobilewebaccess,IPtelephony,gamingservices,highdefinitionmobile
TV,videoconferencing,3Dtelevision,andcloudcomputing,managemulti
broadcaststreamsandhandlequickmovingmobilephones,DigitalVideo
Broadcasting(DVB),Dynamicinformationaccess,wearabledevices.smooth
handoversacrossheterogeneousnetworksandautomaticroamingbetweendifferent
wirelessnetworks
4G implementation variants :
TheLTEstandardsupportsonlyPacketSwitching&isallIPNetwork.Voicecallsin
GSM,UMTSandCDMA2000arecircuitswiyched,sowiththeadoptionofLTE,
carrierswillhavetoreengineertheirvoicecallnetwork.Howeversinceitrequireslot
ofinfrastructurechanges,threedifferentapproachesare
VoiceoverLTE(VoLTE):VoLTEisbasedontheIPMultimediaSubsystem(IMS)
networki.e.voiceservice(controlandmediaplanes)beingdeliveredasdataflows
withintheLTEdatabearer.VoLTEhasuptothreetimesmorevoiceanddatacapacity
than3GUMTS.Furthermore,itfreesupbandwidthbecauseVoLTEspacketsheaders
aresmallerthanthoseofunoptimizedVoIP/LTE.
Circuitswitchedfallback(CSFB:Inthisapproach,LTEjustprovidesdataservices,
andwhenavoicecallistobeinitiatedorreceived,itwillfallbacktothecircuit
switcheddomain.Whenusingthissolution,operatorsjustneedtoupgradetheMSC
insteadofdeployingtheIMS,andtherefore,canprovideservicesquickly.However,the
disadvantageislongercallsetupdelay.
SimultaneousvoiceandLTE(SVLTE):Inthisapproach,thehandsetworks
simultaneouslyintheLTEandcircuitswitchedmodes,withtheLTEmodeproviding
dataservicesandthecircuitswitchedmodeprovidingthevoiceservice.Thisisa
solutionsolelybasedonthehandset,whichdoesnothavespecialrequirementsonthe
networkanddoesnotrequirethedeploymentofIMSeither.Thedisadvantageofthis
solutionisthatthephonecanbecomeexpensivewithhighpowerconsumption.
Oneadditionalapproachwhichisnotinitiatedbyoperatorsistheusageofoverthetop
content(OTT)services,usingapplicationslikeSkypeandGoogleTalktoprovideLTE
voiceservices
NetworkComponent
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Fih Generation (5G)

Initiationyear2015
ItwillmakeUnifiedglobalstandard.ThePhysicalandDataLinklayerdefinesthe5G
wirelesstechnologyindicatingitasanOpenWirelessArchitecture(OWA).The5G
technologyalsomaintainvirtualmultiwirelessnetwork.
ToperformthistheNetworklayerissubdividedintotwolayersuppernetworklayer
formobileterminalandlowernetworklayerforinterface.Herealltheroutingwillbe
basedonIPaddresseswhichwouldbedifferentineachIPnetworkworldwide.
In5GtechnologythehigherbitratelossisovercomebyusingOpenTransportProtocol
(OTP).TheOTPissupportedbyTransportandSessionlayer.Theapplicationlayeris
forqualityofservicemanagementovervarioustypesofnetworks.5Gbringsforwarda
realwirelessworldWirelessWorldWideWeb(WWWW)
Speed1to10Gbps.
Bandwidth1,000xbandwidthperunitarea.
Frequency3to300GHz
Multiplexing/AccessTechnologiesCDMAandBDMA
StandardIPbroadbandLAN/WAN/PAN&WWWW
Features:RealtimeperformanceFastresponse,LowJitter,latency&delay
VeryHighSpeedBroadbandGigabitdatarates,highqualitycoverage,Multi
spectrum
VirtualizedInfrastructureSoftwaredefinednetwork,scalableandlowcostsystem.
SupportIoT&M2M100timesmoreconnecteddevices,DeepIndoorCoverage&
Signallingefficiency
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About90%reductioninnetworkenergyusage.
Itsradiotechnologywillfacilitatedifferentversionofradiotechnologiestoshare
thesamespectrumefficiently.
Services:Someofthesignificantapplicationsare
Connectedpeople&devicesanywhereanytime.Itsapplicationwillmakeworldreal
WiFizone.
MobileIPaddresswillbeassignedaspertheconnectednetworkandgeographical
position.
Radiosignalathigheraltitudeaswell.
Parallelmultipleservices,suchasyoucanknowweatherandlocationwhiletalking
YoucancontrolyourPCsbyhandsets.Educationwillbecomeeasier.Astudent
sittinginanypartofworldcanattendtheclass.
Remotediagnosticsisagreatfeatureof5G.Adoctorcantreatthepatientlocated
inremotepartoftheworld.
MonitoringwillbeeasierAgovernmentalorganizationandinvestigatingoffers
canmonitoranypartoftheworld.Possibletoreducethecrimerate.
Visualizinguniverse,galaxies,andplanetswillbepossible.
Possible,naturaldisasterincludingtsunami,earthquakeetc.canbedetected
faster.Architecture
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Sixth Generation (6G)

6Gisproposedtointegrate5Gwithsatellitenetworksforglobalcoverage.
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8/23/2016
ItisconsideredtobeacheapandFastInternetTechnologytoprovideunbelievablyhigh
dataratesorveryfastInternetspeedaccessonairthroughwirelessandmobiledevices
possiblyupto11Gbps,whiletravellingorinaremotelocation.
Thesatellitecommunicationnetworkmayconsistoftelecommunicationsatellite
networks,earthimagingsatellitenetworksandnavigationsatellitenetworks.Thegoal
of6Gistointegratethesekindsofsatellitenetworkstoprovidenetworkposition
identifier,multimediaandinternetconnectivity,andweatherinformationservicestothe
mobileusers.
SpeciallydesignedNanoAntennaswillbeimplementedatdifferentgeographical
locationsorpositionsalongroadsides,villages,malls,airports,hospitalsetcto
broadcastsuchhighspeedelectromagneticsignals.
Theglobewillbedecoratedbyflysensorswiththehelpof6Gtechnology.Thesefly
sensorswillprovideinformationtotheirremoteobserverstationsfurtherthesestations
willcheckanyactivityuponaspecialareasuchastheactivityofterrorists,intruders
etc.
Thepointtopointwirelesscommunicationnetworksthattransmitsuperfastbroadband
signalsthroughtheairwillbeassistedbyhighspeedopticalfiberslinestobroadcast
muchsecuredinformationfromtransmitterstodestinations.
Features/Advantagesof6GTechnology:
UltrafastaccessofInternet.
Datarateswillbeupto1011Gbps.
Homeautomationandotherrelatedapplications.
SmartHomes,CitiesandVillages.
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Spacetechnology,Defenseapplicationswillbemodifiedwith6Gnetworks.
HomebasedATMsystems.
SatellitetoSatelliteCommunicationforthedevelopmentofmankind.
NaturalCalamitieswillbecontrolledwith6Gnetworks.
SeatoSpaceCommunication.
MindtoMindCommunicationmaybepossible
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Standards:TheGlobalPositionSystem(GPS)byUSA,theGalileobyEurope,the
COMPASSbyChinaandtheGLONASSbyRussia.If6Gintegrateswith5Gwith
thesesatellitenetworks,itwouldhavefourdifferentstandards.Sohandoffand
roamingwillbecanbeabigissuein6G
7G deals with space roaming.

The7Gofmobilewirelessnetworkswhichaimstoacquirespaceroaming.Theworldis
tryingtobecomecompletelywireless,demandinguninterruptedaccesstoinformation
anytimeandanywherewithbetterquality,highspeed,increasedbandwidthand
reductionincost.
Conclusion
Theworldistryingtobecomecompletelywireless,demandinguninterruptedaccessto
informationanytimeandanywherewithbetterquality,highspeed,increasedbandwidth
andreductionincost.After4Gthenextgeneration5Gaimsarealwirelessworldwith
nolimitationswhile6Gintegrates5Gwithsatellitenetworks.Duetovariable
technologiesandstandards,with6Ghandoff/roamingwillbeanissue.Thisdrivesthe
7Gofmobilewirelessnetworkswhichaimstoacquirespaceroaming.
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Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS
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Senior Manager - Solution Mgmt. at Vodafone India Limited

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saripella sameer sharma
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excellent info.
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Evolution of Mobile Communication From 1 (G) To 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G - Aarti Dahiya PMP®,CFPS - Pulse - LinkedIn

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8/23/2016

Evolution of Mobile Communication from

Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS Following

Senior Manager - Solution Mgmt. at Vodafone India Limited

Second Generation (2G):GSMtechnologywasthefirstonetofacilitatedigitalvoice&dataandinternational

2.5 Generation: Introduction of packet network to provide high

Third Generation (3G)

Fih Generation (5G)

Sixth Generation (6G)

7G deals with space roaming.

Tagged in: mobile communications,cellular communications

Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS

Senior Manager - Solution Mgmt. at Vodafone India Limited

my futur cor network

saripella sameer sharma

Don't miss more posts by Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS

Cost Estimation Process Amalgamation

Revenue Opportunities for Telcos

Motivation & Technology ...

Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS on LinkedIn

Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS on LinkedIn

Aarti Dahiya PMP,CFPS on LinkedIn

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