University of Perpetual Help System DALTA

Alabang-Zapote Rd. Las Pinas City

College Of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Lab 2

ME 420L/55082

Experiment No. 1

Study of Internal Combustion Engine

Submitted by:

Balbuena, Carlo D.
BSME 4th yr.

Submitted To:

Engr. Nico Deus O. Villafranca

July 9, 2016

IV.
Research Work:
a. What is meant by internal combustion engine?
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with
an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an
internal combustion engine the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by
combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically
to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance,
transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy.
b. Classification of internal combustion engine.
There are several possible ways to classify internal combustion engines.
Reciprocating:
By number of strokes

Two-stroke engine

Four-stroke engine (Otto cycle)

Six-stroke engine

By type of ignition

Compression-ignition engine

Spark-ignition engine (commonly found as gasoline engines)

By mechanical/thermodynamically cycle (these 2 cycles do not encompass all reciprocating

engines, and are infrequently used):

Atkinson cycle

Miller cycle

Rotary:

Wankel engine

Continuous combustion:

Gas turbine

Jet engine

Rocket engine

Ramjet

The following jet engine types are also gas turbines types:

Turbojet

Turbofan

Turboprop

c.

Differentiate gasoline engine with diesel engine.

In theory, diesel engines and gasoline engines are quite similar. They are both internal combustion
engines designed to convert the chemical energy available in fuel into mechanical energy. This
mechanical energy moves pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are connected to a
crankshaft, and the up-and-down motion of the pistons, known as linear motion, creates the rotary
motion needed to turn the wheels of a car forward.
Both diesel engines and gasoline engines covert fuel into energy through a series of small explosions or
combustions. The major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these explosions happen. In a
gasoline engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and ignited by sparks from spark plugs.
In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and then the fuel is injected. Because air heats
up when it's compressed, the fuel ignites.

d. Differentiate between two stroke and four stroke cycle.

A two-stroke, or two-cycle, engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power
cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.
This is in contrast to a "four-stroke engine, which requires four strokes of the piston to complete a
power cycle. In a two-stroke engine, the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the
compression stroke happen simultaneously, with the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions
occurring
at
the
same
time.
Two-stroke engines often have a high power-to-weight ratio, usually in a narrow range of rotational

speeds called the "power band". Compared to four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines have a
greatly reduced number of moving parts, and so can be more compact and significantly lighter.

V.

Summary:

The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space
called a combustion chamber. This exothermic reaction of a fuel with an oxidizer creates gases of high
temperature and pressure, which are permitted to expand. The defining feature of an internal
combustion engine is that useful work is performed by the expanding hot gases acting directly to cause
movement, for example by acting on pistons, rotors, or even by pressing on and moving the
entire engine itself.
Internal combustion engines are seen mostly in transportation. Several other uses are for any portable
situation where you need a non-electric motor. The largest application in this situation would be an
Internal combustion engine driving an electric generator. That way, you can use standard
electric tools driven by an internal combustion engine. The advantages of these is the portability. It is
more convenient using this type of engine in vehicles over electricity. Even in cases of hybrid vehicles,
they still use an internal combustion engine to charge the battery.

VI.

Conclusion:

Internal combustion engine is an engine that generates motive power by the burning
of gasoline, oil, or other fuel with air inside the engine, the hot gases produced being used to
drive a piston or do other work as they expand. The Otto cycle was the first internal
combustion engine that was more effective than a steam engine. It is the most commonly used
for mobile propulsion in vehicles and portable machinery. In mobile equipment, internal
combustion is advantageous since it can provide high power-to-weight ratios together with
excellent fuel energy density. Generally using fossil fuel (mainly petroleum), these engines
have appeared in transport in almost all vehicles (automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, boats, and
in a wide variety of aircraft and locomotives). Where very high power-to-weight ratios are
required, internal combustion engines appear in the form of gas turbines. These applications
include jet aircraft, helicopters, large ships and electric generators. It is most played in the part
of revolutionizing the transportation system in the society or community.

Diesel Engine
Part Number
1.

2.

Name of Part
Air Cleaner

Cam Sprocket

3.

Camshaft

4.

Piston

Description
is a device composed
of fibrous materials
which removes
solid particulates such
as dust, pollen, mould
and bacteria from
the air.

Paper, Foam,
Stainless Steel, Oil
Bath and Water
Bath.

is attached to one end

of the camshaft in a
combustion engine.
This sprocket, along
with the timing belt and
the crankshaft sprocket,
is responsible for
maintaining the timing
between the crankshaft
and the camshaft.

Billet Steel

is used to
operate poppet valves.
a disk or short cylinder
fitting closely within a
tube in which it moves
up and down against a
liquid or gas, used in
an internal combustion
engine to derive

Material Used

Chilled iron castings,

Billet Steel

Cast Iron or
Aluminum alloy

5.

Connecting Rod

6.

Crankshaft
Sprocket

7.

Fan

8.

Oil Filter

9.

Flywheel

10.

Fuel Injection Pump

motion, or in a pump to
impart motion.
connects the piston to
the crank or crankshaft
is a part of an internal
combustion engine tha
t synchronizes the
rotation of
the crankshaft and
the camshaft(s) so that
the engine's valves
open and close at the
proper times during
each cylinder's intake
and exhaust strokes
an apparatus with
rotating blades that
creates a current of air
for cooling or ventilation
is a filter designed to
remove contaminants
from engine oil,
transmission oil,
lubricating oil, or
hydraulic oil
is a rotating mechanical
device that is used to
store rotational energy.
Flywheels have an inertia
called the moment of
inertia and thus resist
changes in rotational
speed.
is the device that pumps
diesel (as the fuel) into the
cylinders of a diesel
engine.

aluminum alloys,
titanium
Steel

Stainless Steel, Plastic

Magnetic, Mechanical,
Cartridge

Ceramics, Steel,
Alloys, Lead Alloys,
Cast iron

Steel

Gasoline Engine
Part Number
1

Name of Part
Pump

Camshaft Pulley

Crankshaft

Description
Is a device that
moves fluids (liquids
or gases), or
sometimes slurries,
by mechanical
action. Pumps can
be classified into
three major groups
according to the
method they use to
move the fluid: direct
lift, displacement,
and gravity pumps.
Is part of the timing
system in an engine
that's used to control
the rate of rotation of
the camshaft
Is a mechanical part
able to perform a

Material Used
High Class Steel

Steel, Carbon Steel

Steel, Carbon Steel

Cylinder Head

Camshaft

Timing Chain
Tensioner

Push Rod

Tappet

conversion
between reciprocating
motion and rotational
motion
The end cover of a
cylinder in an internal
combustion engine,
against which the
piston compresses
the cylinder's
contents.
a shaft with one or
more cams attached
to it, especially one
operating the valves
in an internal
combustion engine.
is a device that
applies a force to
create or
maintain tension
a rod operated by
cams that opens and
closes the valves in
an internal
combustion engine.
a lever or projecting
part on a machine
that intermittently
makes contact with a
cam or other part so
as to give or receive
motion.

Aluminum, Cast
Iron and Aluminum
Alloys

Cast Iron, Iron

Steel

Steel, Aluminum,
Titanium and AMC

Steel, Cast Iron

and Aluminum