DESIGN OF TOOL SHANK

The shank of a cutting tool is generally analyzed for strength and rigidity. Tool is assumed
to be loaded as a cantilever by tool forces at the cutting edge.

The main design criterion for shank size is rigidity. The deflection at the cutting edge is
limited to a certain value depending on the size of machine, cutting conditions and tool
overhung. The tool overhung (L0) is related also to the shank size as well as to the end
support conditions. several overhung values. The amplitude is practically zero. The
recommended value of (L0/H) lies between 1.2 and 2.

Machining vibrations, also called chatter, correspond to the relative movement between
the workpiece and the cutting tool. The vibrations result in waves on the machined surface. This
affects typical machining processes, such as turning, milling and drilling, and atypical machining
processes, such as grinding. Rigidify the workpiece, the tool and the machine as much as
possible.Choose the tool that will excite vibrations as little as possible (modifying angles,
dimensions, surface treatment, etc.).Choose exciting frequencies that best limit the vibrations of
the machining system (spindle speed, number of teeth and relative positions, etc.)