IAJPS 2016, 3 (8), 831-835

S.Hariprasad et al

CODEN (USA): IAJPBB

ISSN 2349-7750

ISSN: 2349-7750

INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Available online at: http://www.iajps.com

Review Article

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANO PARTICLES FROM

MEDICINAL PLANTS
Seeram. Hariprasad1*, G. Susheela Bhai1, B. Kishore Babu1, CH.Madhu1, G. Ravi Kumar1,
A. Hymavathi1, J.Santhosh kumar1, S. Nageswara rao2
1

Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University,Visakhapatnam, India.

2
Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.

Abstract:
Green method is simple, cost effective and eco- friendly method. In last decades, Nanotechnology
is developed very rapidly. Nano particles are solid particles with size range between 1-100 nm.
Copper nano particles are prepared from variety of medicinal plant leaves extract followed by
characterized by using characterization techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD,UV-VISIBLE,FT-IR. In
this manuscript we report general synthesis, Characterization and antimicrobial activities of
copper nano particles.
Key words: Copper nano particles, Nano science and Nanotechnology.
Corresponding author:
QR code
Seeram. Hariprasad,
Department of Engineering Chemistry,
Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, India.
E-mail: Hari1986chem@gmail.com

Please cite this article in press as S.Hariprasad et al, Green Synthesis of Copper Nano Particles from
Medicinal Plants, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2016; 3(8).

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INTRODUCTION:
Nanotechonology plays an important role in modern
research [1,2], In recent years Nanotechonology
attract many researches for various field like
Biotechnology,Physics, Chemistry, Material science,
Engineering, Medicine. Nano particles are
synthesiszed by physical and chemical methods. In
this methods major drawcks is Expensive reagents,
hazardous reaction conditions and longer time to
isolate nano particles.[3,4]. The emergence of Nano
science and Nanotechonology in the last decade
presents opportunities for exploring the bactericidal
effect of metal nanoparticles. The bactericidal effect
of metal nanoparticles has been attributed to their
small size and high surface to volume ratio, which
allows them to interact
closely with microbial
membranes and is not merely due to the release of
metal ions in solution [5,6]. Copper nano particles are
synthesized by following methods. (a) vapour
deposition,[7] (b) Electro chemical reduction[8],(c)
Thermal decomposition [9],(d) Radiolysis reduction
[10], (e) heat evaporation [11], (f) colloidal
synthesis with reduction and extraction steps [12].
Copper nanoparticles were preaped from various
plant extracts such as Hibicus Rosasinensis [13],
ocimum santanum leaf extract [14] , Syzygium
aromaticum
(Cloves)
[15],citrus
media
Linn(IDILIMBU) juice [16] ,vitis vinifira extract
[17] ,Eucalyptus [18] ,guava leaves extract[19],
Datura innoxia leaf extract [20], Nerium
oleander[21], Capparis zeylanica [22], Cassia fistula
flower[23] ,Gymnema sylvestre [24], Delonixelata
flower[25],Aloe
vera
[26],
Caesalpiniapulcherrima[27], Anthemis xylopoda
flowers[28], ginkgo biloba Linn .leaf extract[29],
Cassis
Auriculata
leaves[30],
Pseudomonas
fluorescens[31], Curcuminleaf extract[32].
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
1. Collection of Leaves:
A major source of plant materials is forest and also
occurs from rural areas, agriculture lands. First
collect the plant and separate the good and heaithy
leaves. They are washed with several times with tap
water and washed several times with distilled water,
after they dried at room temperature for removal of
moisture.
2. Preparation of Leaf Extract:
10-15gm of leaves were weighed and sliced in to a
small pieces, then 100-200ml of double distilled
water was added and then boiled. After boiling the
solution it is cooled. After cooling the extract was
filtered with whattman no.1 filter paper. The extract
was stored at 40C for further usage.

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3. Preparation of Cuso4 Solution:

Required molar solution CUSO4 was prepared by
accurate amount of copper sulphate was dissolved in
required volume of water .generally for the
preparation of copper nano particles we use 1mM
copper sulphate solution. The solution was stored at
clean and dry beaker.
4. Green Synthesis of Leaf Silver Nanoparticles:
Generally 80 or 90 ml of CUSO4 was added to 20 or
10 ml of leaf extract and follow some physical
techniques like heat, stirring.. .the solution was
incubated some time. The color change was
observed, it is indicated by formation of copper nano
particles, which was confirmed by UV-Visible
Spectrophotometry. The formed silver nano particles
was centrifuged, separated and dried.
CHARACTERIZATION:
1. UV-Visual Spectral Study:
Formation and stability of copper nano particles in
sterile distilled water is confirmed using UV- vis
spectrophotometer in a range of wavelength from 200
to 800 nm. The production of copper nanoparticles by
reduction of copper ions due to the addition of leaves
extract. The band observed in spectrum, confirmed
by copper nano particles. Various plants leaves
extracts were giving peaks at different wavelengths.
2. FT-IR Spectral Study:
To investigate the functional groups of variety leaves
extract, a FT-IR study was carried out and the
spectrum is complex nature due to leaves extract
giving a number of peaks. The peaks arising from NH stretching of amino group,and bonded OH
group , -CH stretching vibrations of -CH 3 and CH
2 functional groups, C=O stretching frequencies of
carboxylic acid functional groups, and finger frint
region peaks of C-O, O-H ,C-N are observed clearly
FTIR study indicates that the carboxyl (-C=O),
hydroxyl (-OH) and amine (N-H) groups of leaves
extract are involved in the reduction of silvers ions in
to copper nanoparticles.
3. SEM Analysis:
SEM analysis shows uniformly distributed copper
nanoparticles on the surfaces of the cells . The
suspended silver nanoparticles in sterile distilled
water were used for scan electron microscope
analysis by fabricating a drop of suspension onto a
clean electric stubs and allowing water to completely
evaporate. Sem analysis give size of copper nano
particles. Majority casaes a large size copper nano
particles was observed due to agglomerisation of
smaller ones.

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4. TEM Analysis:
TEM analysis give the information about the
morphology of the copper nanoparticles .generally
silver nano particles are spherical or crystal
structures. Tem also give average mean size of
copper nano particles.
5. XRD Analysis:
Analysis through X-ray diffraction was carried out to
confirm the crystalline nature of the particles, and the
XRD pattern showed numbers of Braggs reflections
that confirmed the crystalline structure of copper
nano particles. The xrd coming from leaf ,was
compare with standard spectrum with JCPDS card
no-45-0937.The X-ray diffraction results clearly
show that the copper nanoparticles formed by the
reduction of Ag+ ions by the leaves extract are
crystalline in nature. The average particle size of
copper nanoparticles synthesized by the variety of
leaves extracts by using green method can be
calculated by using Debye-Scherrer equation.
D = K / cos
Where D= the crystallite size of CUNPs.
= the wavelength of the X-ray source used in XRD.
= the full width at half maximum of the diffraction
peak.
K = the Scherer constant with a value from 0.9 to 1.
= the Bragg angle.
6. EDX Analysis:
EDX analysis of synthesized copper nano particles
gives the information about elemental analysis. The
percent of copper nano particles formed in synthesis
process is also give by EDX.
ABOUT MEDICINAL PLANTS:
Nature is the best source of medicinal agentsfor
thousands of years and an impressive number of
modern drug have been Isolated from natural
resources, many based on their use in traditional
medicine The wide spread use of herbal remedies
and health care preparations, such as those described
in ancient texts like Vedas and bibles, have been
traced to the occurrence of natural products with
medicinal properties, Infact, plants produce a diverse
range of molecules, making them a rich source of
different type of medicine.
Higher plants as source of medicinal compounds
have continued to play a dominant role in the

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maintains of human health science ancient times.

Over 50% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural
product origin and natural products play an important
role in drug development programs in the
pharmaceutical Industry.
Drugs obtained from plants consist of entire plant or
their parts like leaves, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. dried
plants or plants parts and Phytochemical have been
widely used for the preparation of phytomedicines in
ayruvedic, Allopathic, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathic
and folk medicines. The disease curing properties of
plants are associated with their chemical constituents.
It is Estimated that there are about 5, 00,000 species
of plants on earth. A relatively small percentage (1 to
10%) of these is used as food by both human and
other animal species. It is possible that ever more are
used for medicinal purpose. Hippocrates mentioned
300 to 400 medicinal plants. In the first century A.D,
Dicorides wrote De material medica, A medicinal
plants catalogue, which became the prototype modern
pharmacopeias.
It has been estimated that about 30% of
pharmaceuticals are derived from green plants; this
percentage has been raised considerably in recent
years. Most of the plants used in medicines are
collected from their wild habitates and only some
species used in large quantities are cultivated
systematically. Many medicinal plants, which were
ignored in the past years, have been over exploited in
recent years.
Medicinal plants constitute a vast undocumented and
over exploited economic resource and they are the
principal health care for the majority of the people of
the country. It is well known that infectious diseases
account for hi8gh proportion of health problems,
especially in the developing countries and the major
problem today we are facing was that several
microorganisms have developed resistance to mant
synthetic drugs and antibiotics; this has created
clinical problems in the treatment of infectious
disease. This resistance of microbes towards drugs
has increased due to indiscriminate use of
commercial antimicrobial drugs commonly used in
the treatment of infectious diseases. This situation
forced scientists to search for new antimicrobial
substances from various sources, Such as medicinal
plants. Secondary metabolites are produced by plants
constitute a source of bio active substances and
interest has increased to the search for new drugs foe
plant origin.
Now the major problem in front of the scientific
community in treating microbial diseases is to find
out bio active compounds, which successfully control
the micro organisms with developing antibacterial
resistance towards the bio active agents. But today
the situation is different; Isolation of microbial agents

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S.Hariprasad et al

less susceptible to regular antibiotics and recovery of

increasing resistance isolates during antibacterial
therapy is raising throughout the world. One of the
measures to minimize the increasing rate of
resistance in the long run is to have continuous in
depth investigation for new, safe and effective
antimicrobials as non effective ones. Natural
resources especially plants and micro organisms are
potent candidates fir this aim.
The important necessity and potentiality was well
established and cannot be over looked. The Indi-pak
subcontinent is very rich in having resources of
medicinal plants. A large no of powder, decoction
and infersion for the treatment of various diseases
including the infection caused by various microbes.
Several workers throughout the world have carried
out antimicrobial studies with some medicinal plants.
PREVIOUS INFORMATION:
From Hibicus Rosasinensis leaves extract, UV
absorption peak of copper nano particles
is610nm,they show good bacterial properties against
Bacillussubtillis, Escherichia coli, and show anti
oxidant properties by using FRAP method and
hydrogen peroxide method[13].
Copper nano particles prepared from ocimum
sanctum leaf extract, size is 77nm confirmed by XRD
[14].
From Syzygium aromaticum (Cloves) leaves extract, ,
UV-VISIBLE band give at 570 nm, The average size
is 40-45nm (SEM) and 14-50nm (TEM), shape is
spherical[15].
From citrus media Linn(IDILIMBU) juice, , UV
absorption peak of copper nano particles is610nm ,
,size is 10-60nm(SEM),and 20nm (TEM),show good
anti microbial activites aganist
Escherichia
coli,klebsiella pneumonia, propionibacterium acnes,
salmonella typhi[16].
From vitis vinifira extract, UV absorption peak of
copper nano particles is384nm, they show anti
microbial activity against Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, pneumonia, Salmonella typhi
and Bacillus subtilis[17].
From Eucalyptus extract, UV absorption peak of
copper nano particles is572nm and XRD give size
38.62nm, SEM images give morphology is crowded
groups[18].
From guva leaf extract, preparation of copper nano
particles from three different ratious and their
cheresaterazation by using sem xrd,tem. The stability
of formed copper nano particles is up to 15 days.
They show anti microbial activity against
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus[19].
From Datura innoxia leaf extract UV absorption
peak of copper nano particles is236-262nm.sem
images give 5-15nm size and uniformed cluster

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structure and anti microbial activity against rice

pathogens [20].
By using Nerium oleander leaf extract UV-VISIBLE
band observed at 325-370nm.Good bacterial activity
of five different organism like Salmonella typhi,
,Klebsiella
pneumonia
,
Escherichia
coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, ,and Bacillus subtilis[21].
from
Capparis zeylanica leaves extract, UVVISIBLE band give at 531nm, size is 5nm (XRD)
and 60-100nm(SEM),spherical shape given by TEM
and show bacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli[22]
From Cassia fistula flower leaves extract, UVVISIBLE band give at 239nm and size of copper
nano particles is 20m, shape is clustered[23].
From Gymnema sylvestre leaves extract, UVVISIBLE band give at 560nm and SEM images
reveals copper nano particles are spherical and size is
65-184nm range[24].
Biogenic synthesis of copper nano particles from
Delonixelata flower, UV absorption spectra give
band at 328nm, SEM image give 20m.Xrd pattern
give amphrous nature of copper nano particles [25].
Photo synthesis of copper nano particles using flower
extract of Aloe vera, UV absorption band At
578nm.FE SEM give spherical shape with 40nm[26].
Synthesis of copper or copper oxide nano paryicles
from floral extract of
Caesalpiniapulcherrima, the size of nano particles
obtained from this method is 18-20nm, the
Surface Plasmon resonance peack is observed at
380nm.XRD give size is 6nm.EDX give
composition of copper and oxygen is75;25.[27].
Synthesis of Anthemis xylopoda flowers extract
assisted in situ green copper nano particles supported
on natural NATROLITE ZEOLITE. In this method
developed a novel and highly efficient method for the
preparation of the Cu NPs supported on Natrolite
zeolite by A. xylopoda flowers aqueous extract as a
reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized
catalyst exhibited excellent activity for the synthesis
of various formamides at room temperature in a high
yield[28].
Green synthesis of copper nano particles from ginkgo
biloba Linn .leaf extract, uv absorption give 560580nm,Tem give size is15-20nm . The catalytic
activity of thease nano particles used in Huisgen
[3+2] cyclo addition of Azides and alkynes at room
temperature[29].
Green synthesis of copper nano particles using Cassis
Auriculata leaves extract, FE-SEM suggested that
particles are spherical and size is 38.1-43.5, UV
absorption give band in the region of 488.5514.3nm[30].
Biological synthesis of copper nano particle using
Pseudomonas fluorescens, It was found that the

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average particle size was 49 nm with spherical and

hexagonal shapes. The influencing parameters such
as pH, concentration of copper, volume of cell-free
supernatant used and reaction time were studied[31].
From Curcumin leaf extract, UV-VISIBLE band
give at 585nm and size is 45nm (XRD) ,shape is
cubic and rods . TEM gives size range is 60100nm.they show bacterial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtillis, Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus Bacillus[32].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Authors are thankful to Prof. G. Susheela Bai and B.
Kishore babu, Assistant Professor, Department of
Engineering
chemistry,
Andhra
University,
Visakhapatnam for giving valuable suggestions.
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