JPCRD 623

Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides
Robert D. Shannona
Geological Sciences/CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
Ruth C. Shannon
118 Left Fork Road, Boulder, Colorado 80302
Olaf Medenbachb
Institut fur Mineralogie, Fakultat fur Geowissenschaften, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatsstrae 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
Reinhard X. Fischerc
Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universitat Bremen, Klagenfurter Strae, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Received 19 September 2001; accepted 13 May 2002; published 25 October 2002
The refractive indices of 509 oxides and 55 fluorides were analyzed using two forms of
a one-term Sellmeier equation: 1 1/(n 2 1)A/ 2 B, where A, the slope of the
plot of (n 2 1) 1 versus 2 in units of 1016 m2 , gives a measure of dispersion and B,
the intercept of the plot at , gives n (11/B) 1/2 and 2 n 2 1E dE o /(E 2o
( ) 2 ), where the photon energy, E othe average single oscillator Sellmeier
energy gap, and E dthe average oscillator strength, which measures the strength of
interband optical transitions. Form 1 was used to calculate n at 589.3 nm (n D) and
n at (n ), and the dispersion constant A. The total mean polarizabilility for each
compound was calculated using the LorenzLorentz equation: e3/4 (V m) (n 2
1)/(n 2 2)], where V m is the molar volume in 3 . Provided for each compound are:
n D , n , V m , e , A , B , E d , E o , the literature reference, the method of measurement of n and estimated errors in n. Results obtained by prism, infrared reflectivity,
ellipsometry, and interference methods are compared. Consistency of dispersion values
among like compounds and structural families is used to evaluate the accuracy of refractive index data. Dispersion values range from 40 to 2601016 m2 with the majority of
values in the range of 60 1001016 m2 . High dispersion is associated with s 2 , p 6 , d 10,
and transition metal ions, H2 O, and crystalline hydrates, whereas normal dispersion values are found in borates, aluminates, gallates, silicates, germanates, phosphates, and
sulfates not containing H2 O or any of the above ions. Exceptionally high dispersion is
observed in liquid H2 O, Fe2 O3 , Y3 Fe5 O12 , FeOOH, Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 , UO2 , Cu2 O, V2 O5 ,
MgCrO4 7H2 O, and Cs2 MgCrO4 ) 2 6H2 O. 2002 American Institute of Physics.
DOI: 10.1063/1.1497384
Key words: ellipsometry; infrared reflectivity; interband optical transitions; interference method; optical
dispersion; oscillator strength; prism method; refractive index; Sellmeier equation; single oscillator energy gap
2.4. Error Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1. Comparison of Data Using Different
Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2. Comparison of Dispersion Values. . . . . . . . . .
3.3. Analysis of Dispersion Values. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1. Transition Metal Ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2. d 10 Ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.3. p 6 Ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.4. s 2 Ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.5. H2 O and Hydrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.6. Summary of Effect of Electron
Configuration and E o and E d on
Contents
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Presentation of Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1. Composition, Characterization, and Source...
2.2. Method of Measuring Dispersion or n . . . . .
2.3. Sellmeier Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
932
932
932
933
933
Electronic mail: bob@theshannons.net

Electronic mail: olaf.medenbach@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
c
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail:
rfischer@uni-bremen.de
2002 American Institute of Physics.
b
0047-2689200231493140$35.00
931
959
960
960
961
963
964
965
966
967
967
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002
SHANNON ET AL.
932
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dispersion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References for Tables 1 and 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 1. List of Codens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 2. Alternative Forms of the Sellmeier
Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables
1. Refractive index and dispersion data. . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Comparison of n values determined by prism
methods and reflectivity methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Inconsistent dispersion values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides:
Transition metal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides
d 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
s 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Dispersion parameters for H2 O and crystalline
hydrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Dispersion parameters associated with ions. . . . . .
List of Figures
1. Mean dispersion values A vs frequency of
occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Dispersion A vs average Sellmeier energy gap
Eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Dispersion A vs average oscillator strength. . . . . .
967
968
968
968
969
970
934
957
959
960
961
962
964
965
966
959
959
960
1. Introduction
Refractive indices (n) and their dispersion are useful for
the characterization of synthetic materials and minerals and
for the prediction of linear and nonlinear refractive indices
(n 2 ). Nonlinear refractive indices are defined by: nn o
n 2 E 2 where nobserved refractive index at wavelength
, n othe linear refractive index, and Ethe applied optical
electric field Adair et al. 1989. For example, nonlinear
refractive indices of crystalline and glassy optical crystals
have been related to linear refractive indices and their dispersion Boling et al. 1978; Adair et al. 1989; Dimitrov
and Sakka 1996. Also, in conjunction with dispersion
studies and derived values of n , sets of empirical electronic
ion polarizabilities e have been derived from 1 the
LorenzLorentz LL equation:
e1/b V m n 2 1 / n 2 2 ,
where V m is the molar volume in , b4 /3 Lorentz

1880; Lorenz 1880; Tessman et al. 1953; Kip 1962;
Anderson 1974 and n is the value of n extrapolated to
infinite wavelength from a Sellmeier equation and 2 the
additivity rule for the compound M2 M X4 . The additivity
rule states
3
e M2 M X4 2 e M2 e M 4 4 e X ,
where e(M2 M X4 ) is the total polarizability of the compound M2 M X4 and e(M2 ), e(M 4 ), and e(X ) are
the electronic polarizabilities of M2 , M 4 , and X , respectively. Using these relations, sets of ion polarizabilities
were derived from data on the alkali halides and alkaline
earth chalcogenides by Tessman et al. 1953; Pirenne and
Kartheuser 1964; Wilson and Curtis, 1970; Boswarva
1970; Coker 1976; Raghurama and Narayan 1983; and
from data on a variety of minerals by Lasaga and Cygan
1982.
During the course of the determination of an improved set
of electronic polarizabilities, it was necessary to obtain a
relatively complete database of refractive indices and dispersion over the visible part of the spectrum 400700 nm.
Although dispersion data such as those given in the compilations of Hintze 1897, 1933, 1938, 1960; Doelter
1914, 1917; Li 1980 and the Landolt-Bornstein 1962,
1969, 1979, 1981, 1996, hereafter referred to as LB
series have been published, there was no central location for
these data and it was frequently necessary to go to original
publications to obtain dispersion data. Often there is no indication of the reliability of the data. In order to obtain n
and dispersion constants, it is convenient to use Sellmeier
analyses. Sellmeier constants have been provided for many
compounds in these publications, but because of the large
variety of Sellmeier equations Tropf et al. 1995, analysis
using a common Sellmeier equation was not available.
To remedy this situation a literature search from the mid
1800s to the present was done to provide a relatively complete list of refractive indices and dispersion for minerals and
synthetic fluorides and oxides 509 oxides and 55 fluorides.
To be of use in the LL analysis, it is necessary that composition and unit cell volumes be available. Using the dispersion data and the one-term Sellmeier equation described by
DiDomenico and Wemple 1969, we calculate dispersion
parameters, the long-wavelength index n , and n D, the index of refraction at the NaD line. Using estimated experimental errors in n, comparisons of data on like compounds and
trends in n and dispersion in structural families, we make a
critical evaluation of the data. Finally, from the values of n ,
the unit cell volumes, and the LL equation, we calculate the
total mean polarizability e for each compound.
2. Presentation of Data
2.1. Composition, Characterization, and Source
This publication provides the composition, the refractive
indices at (n ), and 589.3 nm (n D), molar volume of
the compounds V m , volume per anion V o , total mean electronic polarizabilities e , the mean dispersion parameters
A , B , E o , and E d , along with documentation providing an indication of the method of measuring n, the precision
of the measurement of n, and source reference in an easily
accessible form. Molar volume V m is the unit cell volume
divided by Z, the number of molecules per unit cell. Volume
REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

per anion V o is defined as the molar volume divided by the
number of water molecules and anions (H2 OO OH
F ). In the text the values of A , B , E o , and E d for
uniaxial and biaxial compounds, although written A, B, E o ,
and E d , are mean values. The compositions of synthetic
compounds are generally accepted as correct. In the case of
synthetic compounds, we give, when known, the crystal
grower. Almost all of the data reported here are from single
crystals. Exceptions are PLZT (PbLaZrTiO3 ) compositions. In this case the data from PbTiO3 ceramic with n
2.523 ( e9.668) was found to compare well to single
crystal data where one paper Singh 1971 reported n o
2.5218 and n e2.5226 ( e 9.665) and another Nomura
et al. 1973 n2.5617 ( e9.792). In those cases where
single crystal data were not available, ceramic or polycrystalline sample is specified.
In the case of minerals we give the mineral name, the
color, and where available, the source of the specimen. Mineral compositions are generally those given by the original
author. Following the composition, the symbol * refers to
well known compositions, either as-grown synthetic crystals
or analyzed compositions of minerals. Many values of n and
dispersion for oxides and minerals have been reported in the
literature but we have only included those for which the unit
cell is known and the composition is relatively certain. In
some instances such as phenacite (Be2 SiO4 ), even though no
analysis was reported in the original papers, the data were
included because of the high probability of the composition
being correct. Many compositions, especially those reported
in LB 1962, 1969, 1979, 1981, 1996; Hintze 1897,
1933, 1938, 1960; and Doelter 1914, 1917 are uncertain or questionable. In the case of the minerals, narsarsukite, leucosphenite, and sodalite, even though the analysis
or unit cell dimensions are not well known, we have included
the data because the refractive index was well determined.
For these entries, we have used in parentheses the nominal or
ideal compositions. In some cases, data from LB was omitted
if the composition was uncertain and there were other examples available where the composition was known, e.g.,
garnets, cordierites, and beryls. In some instances such as for
KH2 PO4 , where a number of accurate determinations of n
have been made, we have included only 1 or 2 of the more
accurate measurements.
Finally, we give the source of the data. In many cases, we
give the compilation from which the data were taken, e.g.,
Palik 1991; Hintze 1897, 1933, 1938, 1960; or
Landolt-Bornstein 1962, 1969, 1979, 1981, 1996.
When convenient, we give the original reference using the
CASSI Coden listed in the Chemical Abstracts Service
Source Index 1999. Appendix 1 lists the Codens used in
this paper. The effective cutoff date for literature search is
January 2000, whereas the earliest source was around 1850.
Although Table 1 lists many of the dispersion data published
between 1850 and 2000, it is not meant to be a complete
tabulation. Overall, we present data for 509 oxides and 55
fluorides.
933
2.2. Method of Measuring Dispersion or n

Although prism techniques have been used in the majority
of dispersion determinations, a variety of other techniques
have also been used. We include a code describing the
method used to measure the refractive indices. The prism
method using either minimum deviation or perpendicular incidence Tilton 1935; Tilton et al. 1949; Werner 1968;
Tentori and Lerma 1990; Medenbach and Shannon 1997;
Medenbach et al. 2001 has been used most often about
60% of the data given here and can give the refractive indices accurate to the fourth or fifth decimal place. The immersion method Werner 1968; Verkouteren et al. 1992
about 10% of the data given here is less accurate but can
give values accurate to the 4th decimal place. Infrared reflectivity IR measurements in conjunction with Kramers
Kronig analysis or the Lorentz oscillator model and classical
dispersion theory Barker 1964 give the long wavelength
dielectric constant, n 2 , from fitting the parameter to
the reflectivity data. In general, data obtained in this manner
about 10% of the data given here are accurate to the third
decimal place. Some papers use an independent measurement of n and it is not always possible to distinguish these
values from the fitted values. When both IR and minimum
deviation measurements have been made, they have both
been tabulated for comparison. Ellipsometer methods Jellison 1997; Jellison and Modine 1997 have been used
more recently and give results somewhat less accurate than
prism methods. We have compared several sets of data using
both ellipsometer and prism methods and find agreement to
0.02 0.05. Critical angle methods including the use of the
AbbePulfrich refractometer Straat and Forrest 1939; Tilton 1942, 1943; Hurlbut 1984 have been used often but
not in determining dispersion. Finally, interference methods
using a Michelson-type interferometer have also been used
for determining dispersion Grehn 1959; Werner 1968;
Moskalev and Smirnova 1987; Shumate 1966. The
method of measuring n is not always given. Values quoted to
four decimal places in LB were assumed to be obtained by
prism methods and therefore to be accurate to
0.0001 0.0005, except when indicated otherwise.
2.3. Sellmeier Analysis

There are many dispersion formulas that have been developed to fit the refractive index over a wide range of frequencies. Many of the most common formulas are described by
Tropf et al. 1995. However, the single-term Sellmeier
equation used by DiDomenico and Wemple 1969 and
Wemple and DiDomenico 1971 has the advantages of simplicity and of providing derived parameters that have physical significance. In the form
1/ n 2 1 A/ 2 B,
3a
A, the slope of the plot of (n 2 1) 1 versus 2 in units of

1016 m2 gives a measure of dispersion and B, the intercept
Simple Fluorides
LiF*
NaF*
KF*
RbF*
CsF* alpha
CsF* beta
AgF film
MgF*
2
MgF*2
CaF*
2
CaF*2
SrF*
2
SrF*2
BaF*
2
BaF*2
MnF*2
FeF*2
FeF*2
NiF*2 FL
ZnF*2
ZnF*2
CdF*2
PbF*
2
PbF*
2
PbF*2
EuF*2
LaF*
3
LaF*
3
CeF*
3
PrF*
3
NdF*
3
TbF*
3
Complex Fluorides
NaCoF*3 IR
NaNiF*3 IR
KMgF*
3
KMgF*3
KMnF*3
KMnF*
3 FL
KMnF*3 FL
KCoF*3
KCoF*3
KNiF*
3
Chemical composition,
sample designations
1.3858
1.3196
1.355
1.389
1.469
1.566
1.73
1.3722
1.38
1.4255
1.430
1.4306
1.44
1.4655
1.47
1.462
1.498
1.508
1.493
1.486
1.45
1.49
1.7248
1.7272
1.58
1.555
1.5954
1.5934
1.6050
1.6077
1.6074
1.5768
1.470
1.442
1.3975
1.43
1.45
1.4382
1.439
1.500
1.50
1.4827
1.470
1.442
1.3975
1.43
1.45
1.4382
1.439
1.500
1.50
1.4827
ny
1.3858
1.3196
1.355
1.389
1.469
1.566
1.73
1.3722
1.38
1.4255
1.430
1.4306
1.44
1.4655
1.47
1.462
1.498
1.508
1.493
1.486
1.45
1.49
1.7248
1.7272
1.58
1.555
1.5954
1.5934
1.6050
1.6077
1.6074
1.5931
nx

1.470
1.442
1.3975
1.43
1.45
1.4382
1.439
1.500
1.50
1.4827
1.3858
1.3196
1.355
1.389
1.469
1.566
1.73
1.3838
1.38
1.4255
1.430
1.4306
1.44
1.4655
1.47
1.491
1.509
1.512
1.529
1.517
1.61
1.49
1.7248
1.7272
1.58
1.555
1.5910
1.5860
1.5985
1.6017
1.6016
1.5510
nz
1.526
1.495
1.7668
1.7680
1.6058
1.6039
1.6183
1.6207
1.6191
1.5868
1.526
1.495
1.7668
1.7680
1.6058
1.6039
1.6183
1.6207
1.6191
1.6034
1.4929
1.472
1.514
1.472
1.514
1.4929
1.4742
1.4742
1.4469
1.4377
1.4377
1.4469
1.4336
1.4336
1.4030
1.3774
1.3774
1.4030
1.3916
1.3255
1.360
1.398
1.479
1.578
nDy
1.3916
1.3255
1.360
1.398
1.479
1.578
nDx
1.4929
1.4469
1.4030
1.6004
1.5968
1.6113
1.6146
1.6132
1.5603
1.7668
1.7680
1.561
1.525
1.501
1.524
1.4742
1.4377
1.4336
1.3892
1.3916
1.3255
1.360
1.398
1.479
1.578
nDz
59.11
57.13
64.00
64.00
73.45
73.45
73.45
67.32
67.32
64.67
16.21
24.88
38.07
45.13
54.05
54.38
29.77
32.55
32.55
40.74
40.74
48.60
48.60
59.44
59.44
39.30
36.56
36.56
33.35
34.75
34.75
39.14
52.38
52.38
52.38
48.98
54.77
54.77
53.14
51.94
51.35
49.64
Vm
19.70
19.04
21.33
21.33
21.33
24.48
24.48
22.44
22.44
21.56
16.21
24.88
38.07
45.13
54.05
54.38
29.77
16.28
16.28
20.37
20.37
24.30
24.30
29.72
29.74
19.65
18.28
18.28
16.67
17.38
17.38
19.57
26.19
26.19
26.19
24.49
18.26
18.26
17.71
17.31
17.12
16.54
Vo
3.937
3.609
3.683
3.947
4.712
4.605
4.612
4.727
4.727
4.407
0.909
1.177
1.981
2.548
3.594
4.235
2.837
1.783
1.800
2.489
2.512
3.001
3.058
3.927
3.959
2.626
2.574
2.608
2.361
2.425
2.454
2.701
4.964
4.977
4.162
3.753
4.436
4.418
4.357
4.275
4.225
3.908
0.0071
0.0075
0.0058
0.0046
0.0049
0.0058
0.0057
0.0051
0.0049
0.0114
0.0125
0.0198
0.0059
0.0063
0.0095
0.0066
0.0064
0.0074
0.0062
0.0064
0.0096
0.0074
0.0101
0.0074
0.0058
0.8344
0.9360
1.0494
0.6490
0.6532
0.6374
0.6336
0.6339
0.6782
0.5042
0.5063
0.7909
0.8076
0.8547
0.7961
0.8714
0.9555
0.9689
1.1193
1.0863
1.3489
1.1977
1.0770
0.8642
0.6884
13.69
14.17
16.96
15.03
14.59
13.23
13.36
14.08
14.94
8.41
8.05
8.00
14.83
14.76
11.57
14.52
15.51
14.47
16.97
16.47
14.97
16.04
13.03
13.69
13.78
Eo
16.41
15.14
16.16
23.15
22.34
20.76
21.09
22.21
22.03
16.67
15.90
10.11
18.37
17.27
14.54
16.66
16.23
14.93
15.16
15.16
11.10
13.39
12.10
15.84
20.02
Ed
73
73
75
67
67
75
72
72
67
84
51
78
76
76
76
62
72
78
64
63
62
80
62
64
62
73
73
80
73
73
64
65
86
78
65
66
66
83
83
83
83
81
Year
PSSABA
PSSABA
OPSUA3
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
OPSUA3
OPSUA3
OPSUA3
JAPIAU
SPHJAR
JRNBAG
Ref. 7
JPCRBU
JPCRBU
JPCRBU
Ref. 1
JCPSA6
Ref. 7
PRVAAH
APOPAI
PHRVAO
JPCRBU
PHRVAO
JOSAAH
PHRVAO
PSSBBD
PSSBBD
JOPQAG
PSSBBD
PSSBBD
PRVAAH
PRVAAH
Ref. 4
Ref. 7
PRVAAH
JPCSAW
APOPAI
PMABDJ
PMABDJ
PMABDJ
PMABDJ
PRBMDO
Coden
16
16
39
38
38
39
33
33
38
59
139
27
5
48
48
48
48
23
136
2
127
9
127
54
127
57
57
41
57
57
136
139
5
5
5
Rf
56
47
Vol
419
419
390
4616
4616
390
97
97
4616
1316
25
7-105
329
329
329
189
3735
7-95
1290
1103
1950
161
1950
628
1950
681
681
543
681
681
1290
1211
28
7-94
1211
621
1966
203
203
203
203
6307
Page
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
8
8
5
8
8
3
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
5
5
1
4
4
5
1
1
2?
3
3
3
4
5
1
5
1
4
1
5
1
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
7
1
1
7
4
1
2
2
2
2
2
TABLE 1. Refractive index and dispersion data, listing refractive indices n x , n y , n z at , refractive indices n Dx , n Dy , n Dz at 589.3 nm, molar volume, V m , volume per O atom, V o , and mean values of electronic polarizabilities
e, mean dispersion values A and B according to Eq. 3a, and average of E o and E d according to Eq. 3b. Source references use Codens from the American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index 19071999
Cumulative American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000. Symbols * and and numerical values for method and error can be found at the end of the table.
934
SHANNON ET AL.
RbMnF*
3
RbMnF*3
CsNiF*
3
BaLiF*3
LiYF*
4
LiTbF*
4
NaBF*
4
*
KBF4 avogadroite synthetic
BaMgF*
4 FE
BaMgF*4 FE
BaZnF*
4 FE
Na2 SbF*5
Na2 SiF6 malladrite
Rb2 SiF*
6
Cs2 SiF*
6
*
Cs2 SiF6
Na3 Li3 Al2 F12 cryolithionite
Na2 GeF*
6
Rb2 GeF*
6
*
Cs2 GeF6
Cs2 GeF*6
LiCaAl.99Cr.01F*
6
BaY2 F*
8
MgSiF66 H2 O* FL 298 K
MnSiF66 H2O* FL 223 K
FeSiF66 H2O* FL?
NiSiF66 H2O* FL?
CuSiF66 H2O* FL?
ZnSiF66 H2O* FL?
PbFCl* matlockite Cromford, Derbyshire
Chlorides
LiCl*
NaCl* halite
KCl* sylvite
RbCl*
CuCl*
AgCl*
TlCl*
SrCl*2
Simple Oxides
H2 O* ice
H2 O* ice
H2 O* water
KNiF*3
KZnF*3
sample designations
1.52
1.53
1.4745
1.59
1.4681
1.50
1.4464
1.4648
1.3035
1.3197
1.4411
1.435
1.4871
1.463
1.3090
1.3484
1.3793
1.382
1.3337
1.3311
1.3904
1.3921
1.417
1.3869
1.5266
1.3372
1.3492
1.3556
1.3799
1.3998
1.3747
2.058
1.6580
1.5260
1.4732
1.4760
1.884
1.9911
2.112
1.691
1.3011
1.3007
1.319
1.6580
1.5260
1.4732
1.4760
1.884
1.9911
2.112
1.691
1.3011
1.3007
1.319
ny
1.52
1.53
1.4745
1.59
1.4681
1.50
1.4464
1.4648
1.2973
1.3193
1.4660
1.465
1.5107
1.441
1.3090
1.3484
1.3793
1.382
1.3337
1.3311
1.3904
1.3921
1.417
1.3869
1.5149
1.3372
1.3492
1.3556
1.3799
1.3998
1.3747
2.058
nx
1.3025
1.3021
1.319
1.6580
1.5260
1.4732
1.4760
1.884
1.9911
2.112
1.691
1.52
1.53
1.4745
1.59
1.4983
1.50
1.4684
1.4934
1.2971
1.3200
1.4585
1.455
1.5037
1.422
1.3053
1.3484
1.3793
1.382
1.3337
1.3252
1.3839
1.3921
1.417
1.3854
1.5063
1.3532
1.3663
1.3780
1.3962
1.4017
1.3876
1.944
nz
1.3091
1.3090
1.333
1.3091
1.3090
1.333
1.973
2.0615
2.249
1.973
2.0615
2.249
1.4536
1.4735
1.3071
1.3248
1.4490
1.447
1.4967
1.476
1.3124
1.3534
1.3847
1.391
1.3395
1.3376
1.3961
1.3985
1.430
1.3923
1.5356
1.3440
1.3568
1.3638
1.3902
1.4092
1.3823
2.145
1.4536
1.4735
1.3009
1.3243
1.4724
1.471
1.5214
1.467
1.3124
1.3534
1.3847
1.391
1.3395
1.3376
1.3961
1.3985
1.430
1.3923
1.5235
1.3440
1.3568
1.3638
1.3902
1.4092
1.3823
2.145
1.5443
1.4898
1.4784
1.4784
1.5443
1.4898
1.4837
nDy
1.4837
nDx
1.3105
1.3105
1.333
1.973
2.0615
2.249
1.5443
1.4898
1.4763
1.5029
1.3006
1.3113
1.4657
1.465
1.5144
1.435
1.3088
1.3534
1.3847
1.391
1.3395
1.3317
1.3898
1.3985
1.430
1.3909
1.5145
1.3601
1.3738
1.3845
1.4060
1.4090
1.3954
2.006
1.5102
1.4837
nDz
32.14
32.14
33.94
44.86
62.31
71.26
39.72
42.72
56.72
84.90
64.67
66.68
76.20
76.20
87.98
63.66
75.67
73.33
72.89
83.42
86.93
86.93
89.38
123.63
114.44
150.94
177.37
177.37
222.82
121.01
147.13
183.53
183.53
104.71
154.39
255.66
265.60
257.70
240.65
235.10
245.30
61.00
Vm
32.14
32.14
33.94
44.86
62.31
71.26
39.72
42.72
56.72
42.45
21.56
22.22
25.40
25.40
29.33
21.22
18.92
18.33
18.22
20.85
21.73
21.73
22.35
24.73
19.07
25.16
29.56
29.56
18.57
20.17
24.52
30.59
30.59
17.45
19.30
21.30
22.13
21.47
20.05
19.62
20.44
30.55
Vo
1.442
1.440
2.984
3.287
4.174
4.798
4.356
5.069
7.253
7.756
4.694
4.917
5.117
6.139
5.947
4.470
4.890
4.923
3.247
3.947
5.633
5.595
6.281
7.809
5.230
7.722
9.792
9.854
10.963
5.880
8.293
10.436
11.018
5.877
11.131
12.880
13.816
13.681
13.474
13.619
13.533
7.378
0.0146
0.0152
0.0225
0.0161
0.0103
0.0148
0.0106
0.0120
0.0059
0.0066
0.0067
0.0082
0.0057
0.0075
0.0067
0.0142
0.0061
0.0068
0.0062
0.0098
0.0087
0.0101
0.0064
0.0068
0.0117
0.0061
0.0053
0.0097
0.0101
0.0097
0.0112
0.0089
0.0089
0.0106
0.0077
0.0066
1.4408
1.4428
1.3536
0.3919
0.3373
0.2888
0.7527
0.8546
0.8988
0.8529
1.4532
1.3706
0.8953
0.9034
0.7994
0.9276
1.4078
1.2221
1.1081
1.0985
1.2841
1.3047
1.0786
1.0660
0.9918
1.0845
0.7707
1.2470
1.1974
1.1667
1.0885
1.0402
1.1093
0.3260
0.8447
0.8516
12.57
12.31
9.80
6.25
7.24
5.59
10.64
10.68
15.55
14.40
18.64
16.36
15.79
13.85
13.80
10.23
19.26
16.96
16.90
13.39
15.40
14.40
16.47
15.80
11.67
16.91
15.28
14.34
13.78
13.89
12.45
13.66
14.14
7.01
13.26
14.32
Eo
8.72
8.53
7.24
15.94
21.46
19.37
14.14
12.50
17.30
16.89
12.82
11.94
17.64
15.33
17.27
11.0
13.6
13.8
15.2
12.1
12.0
11.0
15.2
14.8
11.7
15.5
19.8
11.5
11.5
11.9
11.4
13.1
12.7
21.50
15.70
16.81
Ed
62
62
91
76
62
62
76
28
62
62
74
67
67
84
67
82
89
75
78
86
38
77
75
75
78
62
82
82
35
62
82
82
82
35
95
95
74
62
62
74
62
62
62
Year
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 9
JPCRBU
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
JPCRBU
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
PSSBBD
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
SPHJAR
JAPIAU
PRBMDO
JCOMEL
APOPAI
JAPIAU
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 10C
APHYCC
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
JSSCBI
Ref. 1
INOMAF
INOMAF
ZPCBAL
Ref. 1
INOMAF
INOMAF
INOMAF
ZPCBAL
Ref. 13
Ref. 13
ACPHAA
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ACPHAA
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Coden
Rf
Rf
5
Rf
Rf
5
68
Rf
Rf
62
1
Rf
Rf
1
Rf
Rf
Rf
14
46
46
23
Rf
18
18
31
Rf
18
18
18
31
38
38
59
38
25
1
14
49
174
Vol
2835
2835
1059
329
3905
237
329
82
2749
12
511
4616
4616
1316
4616
6474
5613
2056
3464
313
48
403
4645
4645
187
143
570
570
292
18
570
570
570
292
599
600
5
189
589
5
2737
2737
300
Page
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
6
3
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
4
4
5
5
1
5
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
3?
2
5
2
2
2
3?
2
2?
2
2
3?
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
Cumulative American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000. Symbols * and and numerical values for method and error can be found at the end of the table. Continued

935
Li2 O
LiOH*
Cu2 O cuprite film
Cu2 O cuprite polyxtal
Cu2 O cuprite polyxtal
Cu2 O cuprite
Cu2 O cuprite polyxtal reflectance data
BeO*
MgO*
MgOH
2 brucite Wood Mine, Lancaster, PA
CaO*
SrO*
BaO*
MnO*
MnO*
MnO polyxtal reflectance data
CoO*
NiO*
NiO*
ZnO*
ZnO*
ZnO*
ZnO polyxtal reflectance data
CdO film
PbO* red litharge FL 200 K
EuO*
EuO*
B2 O*3 estimated n values
B2 O*3 n D values
Al2 O*
3
Al2 O*
3
Al2 O*3
Al0.99Fe.01OOH* diaspore Turkey
Sc2 O*
3 W. Yen
Cr2 O*3
Mn2 O3 polyxtal reflectance data
Fe1.98Fe2 .02O*3 hematite Elba
Fe2 O3 average n, polyxtal reflectance data
FeOOH goethite
FeOOH lepidocrocite
Y2 O*
3
Y2 O*
3
Y2 O*
3
Y2 O*
3
sample designations
1.637
1.4491
2.54
2.55
2.57
2.27
2.68
1.7050
1.7147
1.5501
1.8053
1.8277
1.9167
2.11
2.22
2.07
2.30
2.39
2.32
1.9102
1.901
1.898
1.90
2.37
2.535
1.960
2.30
1.635
1.648
1.7520
1.7504
1.79
1.6881
1.9536
2.490
2.81
2.602
2.50
2.123
1.861
1.8915
1.8962
1.8903
1.8815
nx
1.637
1.4491
2.54
2.55
2.57
2.27
2.68
1.7050
1.7147
1.5501
1.8053
1.8277
1.9167
2.11
2.22
2.07
2.30
2.39
2.32
1.9102
1.901
1.898
1.90
2.37
2.535
1.960
2.30
1.635
1.648
1.7520
1.7504
1.79
1.7070
1.9536
2.490
2.81
2.602
2.50
2.209
2.011
1.8915
1.8962
1.8903
1.8815
ny
1.637
1.4408
2.54
2.55
2.57
2.27
2.68
1.7201
1.7147
1.5728
1.8053
1.8277
1.9167
2.11
2.22
2.07
2.30
2.39
2.32
1.9245
1.911
1.914
1.90
2.37
2.665
1.960
2.30
1.602
1.615
1.7449
1.7430
1.76
1.7325
1.9536
2.470
2.81
2.446
2.50
2.220
2.194
1.8915
1.8962
1.8903
1.8815
nz
1.4639
2.67
2.88
1.7184
1.7355
1.5665
1.8396
1.8710
1.9841
2.15
2.0222
2.008
2.004
1.99
1.7673
1.7233
1.9943
2.62
3.190
3.10
2.403
2.200
1.9311
1.9294
1.9301
1.9489
2.67
2.88
1.7184
1.7355
1.5665
1.8396
1.8710
1.9841
2.15
2.0222
2.008
2.004
1.99
1.7673
1.7028
1.9943
2.62
3.190
3.10
2.274
1.938
1.9311
1.9294
1.9301
1.9489
nDy
1.4639
nDx

2.62
2.912
3.10
2.409
2.515
1.9311
1.9294
1.9301
1.9489
1.7503
1.9943
1.7598
2.0256
2.023
2.021
1.99
2.15
2.67
2.88
1.7342
1.7355
1.5853
1.8396
1.8710
1.9841
1.4518
nDz
24.51
27.44
38.91
38.91
38.91
38.91
38.91
13.79
18.67
40.90
27.83
33.16
42.48
22.00
22.00
22.00
19.30
18.21
18.21
23.55
23.55
23.55
23.55
25.88
38.35
34.00
34.00
45.26
45.26
42.45
42.45
42.45
29.51
59.64
48.10
52.15
50.32
50.32
34.65
37.34
74.50
74.50
74.50
74.50
Vm
24.51
27.44
38.91
38.91
38.91
38.91
38.91
13.79
18.67
20.45
27.83
33.16
42.48
22.00
22.00
22.00
19.30
18.21
18.21
23.55
23.55
23.55
23.55
25.88
38.35
34.00
34.00
15.09
15.09
14.15
14.15
14.15
14.75
19.88
16.03
17.38
16.77
16.77
17.33
18.67
24.83
24.83
24.83
24.83
Vo
2.100
1.748
5.992
6.012
6.051
5.393
6.254
1.286
1.750
3.146
2.854
3.469
4.779
2.810
2.978
2.745
2.711
2.656
2.581
2.646
2.624
2.622
2.616
3.745
5.979
3.948
4.777
3.815
3.878
4.127
4.120
4.252
2.750
6.894
7.265
8.676
7.774
7.645
4.606
4.522
8.220
8.250
8.212
8.154
0.0226
0.0255
0.0162
0.0215
0.0075
0.0062
0.0075
0.0126
0.0051
0.0066
0.0042
0.0159
0.0185
0.0182
0.0152
0.0099
0.0267
0.0086
0.0043
0.0064
0.0079
0.0080
0.0095
0.0116
0.0110
0.1453
0.1824
0.1898
0.2658
0.3323
0.3879
0.3853
0.3886
0.3937
0.5209
0.3550
0.4851
0.3690
0.3808
0.3814
0.3813
0.3050
0.2401
0.1616
0.5197
0.5154
0.7014
0.4426
0.4272
0.3740
0.9160
5.16
3.59
3.45
5.12
4.97
9.11
9.93
9.09
7.07
12.77
9.24
13.53
6.09
5.74
5.79
6.33
7.02
3.79
5.48
13.94
11.35
11.94
9.38
8.48
7.17
11.53
Eo
35.4
19.68
18.17
19.28
14.96
23.50
25.78
23.38
17.95
24.51
26.03
27.89
16.51
15.08
15.19
16.61
23.02
15.80
33.90
26.82
22.02
17.03
21.19
19.85
19.17
12.59
Ed
84
33
63
73
66
62
79
66
52
62
66
66
75
69
69
79
65
65
59
65
54
98
79
60
77
68
69
38
38
58
94
63
97
01
65
79
62
79
62
19
68
91
91
91
Year
SSCOA4
ZPCBAL
JCPSA6
JPCSAW
PHRVAO
Ref. 1
JJAPA5
AMMIAY
JRNBAG
Ref. 1
JAPIAU
PHRVAO
JAPIAU
SSCOA4
SSCOA4
JJAPA5
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
PHRVAO
JAPIAU
ZAPHAX
PRBMDO
JJAPA5
ZEPYAA
JCDTBI
PKOMA3
JPCSAW
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
JOSAAH
JAPIAU
PRVAAH
JOBPDE
JOAOF8
PHVAAH
JJAPA5
Ref. 1
JJAPA5
Ref. 1
AJSCAP
JJAPA5
Ref. 9
Ref. 9
Ref. 9
Coden
51
20
39
34
141
Rf
18
51
49
Rf
37
143
46
7
7
18
36
36
114
36
6
58
18
158
1977
8
30
35
35
48
76
132
14
3
138
18
Rf
18
Rf
47
7
Vol
421
65
1789
2201
803
2749
1043
141
249
697
2450
595
443
977
109
1043
2446
2446
1507
1674
257
3586
1043
511
1096
80
1403
143
143
629
8032
1474
3299
174
A530
1043
685
1043
3562
311
404
1079
1079
1079
Page
M
3
2
3
3
3
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
8
3
3
3
1
1
4
8
8
3
1
3
2
2
1
4
3
1
1
3
8
8
8
8
2
8
1
1
1
E
5
1
5
5
5
5
5?
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
3
3
5
5
4
4
7
5
5
1
2
5
1
1
4
5?
3
5
3
5
2
2?
2
2?
Cumulative American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000. Symbols * and and numerical values for method and error can be found at the end of the table.Continued
936
SHANNON ET AL.
In2 O3 film
As2 O*
3 arsenolite probably synthetic
As2 O*3 arsenolite
Sb2 O*
3 senarmontite Algeria
Sb2 O*3 senarmonite
Bi2 O*3 alpha
Bi2 O*3 IR data, not accurate, not cubic
*
Bi12SiO20
*
Bi12GeO20
*
Bi12TiO20
Bi12TiO20 :Ga*
*
Bi12TiO20
Bi12Ga.72Bi.28O19.5
Pr2 O*3 cubic
Nd2 O*3 cubic FL 293 K
Nd2 O3 hexagonal
n from extrapolation of vs at. no.
Sm2 O3 monoclinic
n from extrapolation of vs. at. no.
Eu2 O*3
Eu2 O*3 cubic
n from interpolation of n vs at. no.
Gd1.98Nd.02O*3 Sci. Mat. Corp
assume n yn z
Gd2 O*3 cubic
Gd2 O*3 cubic
Tb2 O*3
Tb2 O*3
Dy2 O*
3 W. Yen
Dy2 O*3
Ho2 O*3
Ho2 O*3 n from interpolation of n vs at. no.
Er2 O*3 n from interpolation of n vs at. no.
Er2 O*3
Er2 O*3
Er2 O*3
Tm2 O*3
Tm2 O*3 n from interpolation of n vs at. no.
Yb2 O*
3
Yb2 O*
3 W. Yen
Y2 O*3
sample designations
1.90
1.935
1.90
1.935
1.9332
1.895
1.892
1.928
1.923
1.930
1.888
1.95
1.882
1.918
1.9088
1.9096
2.055
2.021
1.9332
1.895
1.892
1.928
1.923
1.930
1.888
1.95
1.882
1.918
1.9088
1.9096
1.901
1.940
1.901
1.940
1.90
1.935
2.052
2.052
1.90
1.935
1.884
2.00
1.7185
1.725
2.0000
2.03
2.437
2.0
2.370
2.386
2.4065
2.4005
2.419
2.403
1.88
1.86
2.067
ny
1.884
2.00
1.7185
1.725
2.0000
2.03
2.344
2.0
2.370
2.386
2.4065
2.4005
2.419
2.403
1.88
1.86
2.067
nx
1.9332
1.895
1.892
1.928
1.923
1.930
1.888
1.95
1.882
1.918
1.9088
1.9096
1.90
1.935
1.90
1.935
2.055
1.901
1.940
2.052
1.884
2.00
1.7185
1.725
2.0000
2.03
2.530
2.0
2.370
2.386
2.4065
2.4005
2.419
2.403
1.88
1.86
2.067
nz
1.9757
1.963
1.960
1.959
1.956
1.950
1.9468
1.9470
1.959
1.956
1.950
1.9468
1.9470
1.96
1.96
2.102
1.9757
1.963
1.960
1.96
1.96
2.065
1.969
2.558
2.561
2.5873
2.5945
2.588
2.611
1.94
1.92
2.558
2.561
2.5873
2.5945
2.588
2.611
1.94
1.92
1.969
1.7537
1.755
2.0817
2.09
2.660
1.912
nDy
1.7537
1.755
2.0817
2.09
2.572
1.912
nDx
1.9468
1.9470
1.950
1.959
1.956
1.9757
1.963
1.960
1.96
1.96
2.102
1.969
2.558
2.561
2.5873
2.5945
2.588
2.611
1.94
1.92
1.7537
1.755
2.0817
2.09
2.785
1.912
nDz
75.86
75.86
74.57
74.57
73.33
73.33
73.33
73.33
72.07
72.07
70.98
70.98
77.19
77.19
79.01
79.01
72.41
80.05
80.05
74.87
74.50
64.72
84.96
84.96
86.68
86.68
82.60
82.60
514.80
521.30
526.54
526.54
526.54
526.60
86.87
85.01
76.78
Vm
25.29
25.29
24.86
24.86
24.44
24.44
24.44
24.44
24.02
24.02
23.66
23.66
25.73
25.73
26.34
26.34
24.13
26.68
26.68
24.96
24.83
21.57
28.32
28.32
28.89
28.89
27.53
27.53
25.74
26.07
26.33
26.33
26.33
26.33
28.96
28.34
25.59
Vo
8.640
8.393
8.231
8.461
8.289
8.333
8.068
8.455
7.892
8.116
7.937
7.942
8.573
8.804
8.775
9.011
8.890
8.898
9.163
9.240
8.171
7.725
7.998
8.053
10.347
10.551
12.268
9.860
74.494
75.920
77.301
77.121
77.673
77.205
9.497
9.143
9.563
0.0069
0.0068
0.0126
0.0050
0.0125
0.0073
0.0123
0.0124
0.0122
0.0122
0.0062
0.0121
0.0126
0.0115
0.0115
0.0123
0.0106
0.0130
0.0119
0.0126
0.0105
0.0087
0.0116
0.0080
0.0138
0.0053
0.3782
0.3778
0.3933
0.3668
0.3898
0.3653
0.3858
0.3875
0.3853
0.3847
0.3151
0.3825
0.2167
0.2130
0.2087
0.2100
0.2060
0.2094
0.3947
0.4085
0.5119
0.5059
0.3334
0.3209
0.2034
0.3921
9.38
9.44
7.05
10.82
7.07
8.97
7.09
7.08
7.09
7.10
9.01
7.11
5.25
5.44
5.39
5.22
5.58
5.07
7.28
7.21
8.85
9.63
6.78
8.03
4.85
10.84
Eo
24.81
24.98
17.93
29.51
18.14
24.54
18.38
18.27
18.41
18.44
28.61
18.58
24.2
25.5
25.8
24.8
27.0
24.2
18.44
17.65
17.28
19.03
20.33
25.02
23.86
27.65
Ed
01
73
73
01
01
56
73
87
73
01
97
01
73
01
73
01
01
73
01
01
56
86
97
62
97
62
76
70
71
83
97
96
93
96
73
73
01
Year
JOAOF8
JSTCAM
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
JOAOF8
ANCHAM
JSTCAM
SPSSA7
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
JOBPDE
JOAOF8
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
JOAOF8
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
JOAOF8
ANCHAM
JAPIAU
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
MRBUAC
PSSABA
JAPIAU
JOSAAH
JNOMFV
JOBPDE
PSSABA
JOBPDE
JSTCAM
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
Coden
3
13
13
3
3
28
13
29
13
3
14
3
13
3
13
3
13
3
28
60
14
Rf
14
Rf
11
2
42
73
6
13
140
13
13
13
3
Vol
174
871
871
174
174
2023
871
1904
871
174
3299
174
871
174
871
174
174
871
174
174
2023
R123
3299
2565
3299
204
1551
K149
493
495
235
908
273
908
871
871
174
Page
1
2
2
8
8
2
2
4
2
8
1
1
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
3
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
1
1
2
2
8
1
4?
4?
4
3
3
3?
5
3?
3
1
1
5?
3
5?
3
5?
3
3?
5
1
3?
1
5?
3
5
4
6
2
2
3
4
5?
5?
3

937
Yb2 O*3
Lu2 O*
3 W. Yen
Lu2 O*3
SiO*
2
SiO*
2 smoky quartz
SiO*
2 amethyst Zambia
SiO*
2 amethyst Para, Brazil
SiO*
2 G. Rossman, X-O
SiO*
2 G. Rossman, X-13
SiO*
2 A. Ballman
SiO*
2 G. Rossman, X-488-3
SiO*
2 smoky quartz
SiO*2
GeO*
2
GeO*2 tetragonal
GeO*2 tetragonal
TiO*
2 rutile synthetic?
TiO*
2 rutile synthetic?
TiO*2 rutile mineral
TiO*2
TiO*2 average n, polyxtal reflectance data
TiO*2 brookite, brown
TiO*
2 anatase, yellow Binnental
TiO*2 anatase Binnental
TiO*2 anatase Binnental
TeO*
2 FL 9 KBAR
TeO*
2 FL 9 KBAR
TeO*2 FL 9 KBAR
SnO
2 cassiterite Araca, Bolivia
SnO*
2 cassiterite synthetic
SnO*
2 cassiterite synthetic
SnO*2
ZrO*2 cubic
*
Zr.869Y.131O1.934
*
Zr.671Y.329O1.835
*
Zr.894Y.095Hf.011O1.95
*
Hf.904Y.096O1.952
*
Hf.85Y.15O1.925
*
CeO2
CeO*2
ThO*
2 synthetic
ThO*2 synthetic, Norton Refractories
ThO*2
ThO*2
sample designations
1.879
1.8997
1.867
1.5324
1.5306
1.5330
1.5330
1.5327
1.5326
1.5328
1.5327
1.5331
1.535
1.9250
1.927
2.02
2.4252
2.4096
2.422
2.38
2.41
2.411
2.3852
2.3781
2.3740
2.1614
2.1690
2.27
1.9462
1.9442
1.9319
1.945
2.256
2.1082
2.0180
2.1193
2.0690
2.0486
2.36
2.31
2.0679
2.070
2.07
2.20
nx
1.879
1.8997
1.867
1.5324
1.5306
1.5330
1.5330
1.5327
1.5326
1.5328
1.5327
1.5331
1.535
1.9250
1.927
2.02
2.4252
2.4096
2.422
2.38
2.41
2.422
2.3852
2.3781
2.3740
2.1614
2.1690
2.27
1.9462
1.9442
1.9319
1.945
2.256
2.1082
2.0180
2.1193
2.0690
2.0486
2.36
2.31
2.0679
2.070
2.07
2.20
ny
1.879
1.8997
1.867
1.5411
1.5393
1.5418
1.5415
1.5412
1.5413
1.5416
1.5416
1.5417
1.544
2.0138
2.018
2.10
2.6666
2.6515
2.666
2.63
2.41
2.504
2.3386
2.3330
2.3294
2.3024
2.3070
2.43
2.0471
2.0449
2.0298
2.043
2.256
2.1082
2.0180
2.1193
2.0690
2.0486
2.36
2.31
2.0679
2.070
2.07
2.20
nz
1.942
1.9349
1.930
1.5435
1.5439
1.5444
1.5444
1.5441
1.5441
1.5442
1.5441
1.5443
1.9577
1.960
2.6190
2.6098
2.613
2.65
2.54
2.584
2.5621
2.5621
2.5608
2.2730
2.2753
2.0004
1.9982
1.9871
2.1581
2.0691
2.1698
2.1109
2.0881
2.1113
2.105
1.9577
1.960
2.6190
2.6098
2.613
2.65
2.54
2.585
2.5621
2.5621
2.5608
2.2730
2.2753
2.0004
1.9982
1.9871
2.1581
2.0691
2.1698
2.1109
2.0881
2.1113
2.105
nDy
1.942
1.9349
1.930
1.5435
1.5439
1.5444
1.5444
1.5441
1.5441
1.5442
1.5441
1.5443
nDx

2.1113
2.105
2.1581
2.0691
2.1698
2.1109
2.0881
2.0971
2.0942
2.0817
2.9031
2.8976
2.900
2.93
2.54
2.702
2.4889
2.4891
2.4879
2.4288
2.4310
2.0454
2.048
1.942
1.9349
1.930
1.5526
1.5530
1.5535
1.5533
1.5531
1.5531
1.5533
1.5533
1.5534
nDz
70.98
70.10
70.10
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
37.66
27.62
27.62
27.62
31.21
31.21
31.21
31.21
31.21
32.30
34.07
34.07
34.07
43.85
43.85
43.85
35.77
35.77
35.77
35.77
34.97
33.86
34.46
33.98
33.64
33.90
39.61
39.61
43.90
43.90
43.90
43.90
Vm
23.66
23.37
23.37
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
18.83
13.81
13.81
13.81
15.61
15.61
15.61
15.61
15.61
16.10
17.03
17.03
17.03
21.93
21.93
21.93
17.87
17.87
17.87
17.87
17.48
17.51
18.78
17.42
17.23
17.61
19.81
19.81
21.95
21.95
21.95
21.95
Vo
7.754
7.784
7.583
2.800
2.793
2.803
2.803
2.801
2.801
2.802
2.802
2.803
2.812
3.195
3.201
3.397
4.751
4.725
4.747
4.680
4.588
4.813
4.929
4.916
4.908
5.902
5.921
6.223
4.212
4.206
4.167
4.206
4.816
4.321
4.162
4.363
4.195
4.175
5.708
5.589
5.471
5.478
5.478
5.884
0.0056
0.0044
0.0059
0.0072
0.0058
0.0053
0.0053
0.0081
0.0081
0.0086
0.0113
0.0119
0.0111
0.0152
0.0084
0.0107
0.0114
0.0119
0.0121
0.0108
0.0103
0.0054
0.0052
0.0119
0.0066
0.0123
0.0063
0.0076
0.0065
0.0065
0.0065
0.0065
0.0065
0.0065
0.0064
0.3052
0.3043
0.2903
0.3255
0.2863
0.3047
0.3128
0.3436
0.3446
0.3508
0.1911
0.1940
0.1915
0.1987
0.2070
0.2010
0.2168
0.2182
0.2191
0.2591
0.2571
0.3555
0.3540
0.3953
0.3833
0.4024
0.7369
0.7399
0.7359
0.7360
0.7364
0.7365
0.7362
0.7363
0.7358
9.37
10.49
8.89
8.50
8.91
9.56
9.74
8.22
8.24
8.08
5.21
5.11
5.24
4.57
6.27
5.49
5.52
5.42
5.37
6.20
6.32
10.30
10.40
7.27
9.67
7.24
13.62
12.47
13.45
13.46
13.45
13.41
13.45
13.44
13.52
Eo
30.70
34.46
30.64
26.13
31.14
31.38
31.14
23.93
23.92
23.04
27.25
26.35
27.37
23.00
30.29
27.29
25.46
24.82
24.53
23.94
24.60
28.97
29.37
18.41
25.23
17.99
18.49
16.86
18.28
18.28
18.26
18.21
18.27
18.26
18.37
Ed
73
01
73
78
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
61
00
82
72
65
97
28
97
79
28
28
16
08
90
71
73
62
62
76
68
86
82
90
97
90
77
87
82
97
64
66
66
Year
JSTCAM
JOAOF8
JSTCAM
Ref. 7
NJMIAK
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
PHRVAO
Ref. 14
MRBUAC
JPCSAW
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
ZEKRDZ
OPLEDP
JJAPA5
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
NJGAAY
ZEKRDZ
ZPSBAX
PLRBAQ
PLRBAQ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
JCRGAE
JAPIAU
JACTAW
APOPAI
APOPAI
JOBPDE
APOPAI
INOMAF
SPSSA7
PSSBBD
JOBPDE
OPACAT
PHRVAO
PHRVAO
Coden
17
33
36
82
67
22
18
67
67
41
44
51
4
8
Rf
Rf
32
39
69
21
29
14
29
13
29
114
14
11
151
151
11
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
121
13
3
13
Vol
1313
293
1674
994
485
1808
1043
485
485
342
313
790
3736
768
350
2810
259
3762
277
2978
2485
3299
604
1747
1904
189
3299
287
676
676
871
174
871
7-82
259
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
1324
Page
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
8
1
4
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
3
8
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
3
3?
1
3?
1
1?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
7
1
1
3
5?
5?
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
2
5
5
1
3
3?
7
938
SHANNON ET AL.
NaBeSi3 O7 OH eudidymite
NaBe4 SbO
7 swedenborgite
Ba.98Ca.02Be2 Si2 O*
7 barylite
Langban, Sweden
Borates
BOOH* HBO2 I
estimated n values
BOOH* HBO2 I n D values
B3O4OHH2O*HBO2 II
estimated n values
B3O4OHH2O*HBO2 (n D values
BOH*3 H3 BO3 sassolite
estimated n values
BOH*3 H3 BO3 sassolite n D values
BOH3 * H3 BO3 sassolite
estimated n values
BOH*3 H3 BO3 sassolite nD values
LiB3 O*
5
Li2 B4 O*
7 FE 863 K
CsB3 O
5
BeSO44 H2O*
crystalline FL 31 K
UO2 film FL 31 K
UO*2 FL 31 K
UO*2 FL 31 K
V2 O*5
V2 O*5
Beryllates
BeAl2 O*
4 chrysoberyl
BeAl2 O*
4 chrysoberyl
La2 Be2 O*
5
BeAlSiO4 OH euclase
Be1.00Al.99Si1.00O4 OH* euclase
San Sebastao de Maranhao, Minas Gerais
Be1.00Al.99Si4 OH* euclase
Diamantina, Minas Gerais
beryl no indication of H2 O
Be3 Al2 Si6 O18
content or method of preparation
beryl, colorless
Be3 Al2 Si6 O18
Santa Rita, Minas Gerais
beryl, light-blue
Be3 Al2 Si6 O18
Klein Spitzkopje, SW Africa
beryl, emerald,
Be3 Al2 Si6 O18
light-green Columbia
UO*2
sample designations
1.6422
1.5650
1.5562
1.5591
1.5617
1.6388
1.5650
1.5562
1.5591
1.5617
1.61
1.619
1.56
1.570
1.44
1.457
1.45
1.461
1.5889
1.5943
1.5376
1.61
1.619
1.42
1.434
1.33
1.340
1.32
1.337
1.5625
1.5943
1.5190
1.4585
1.5383
1.7550
1.6659
1.7270
1.7309
1.9820
1.6412
1.6425
1.7254
1.7291
1.9490
1.6380
1.6382
1.4585
1.5380
1.7550
1.6619
2.12
2.16
2.30
2.35
1.97
1.98
ny
2.12
2.16
2.30
2.35
2.07
2.20
nx
1.462
1.6026
1.5502
1.5654
1.459
1.45
1.588
1.45
1.619
1.57
1.61
1.4233
1.5424
1.7527
1.6820
1.5565
1.5545
1.5520
1.5589
1.6588
1.7325
1.7354
2.0180
1.6580
1.6589
2.12
2.16
2.30
2.35
2.12
2.29
nz
1.5752
1.6075
1.5308
1.4713
1.5457
1.7732
1.6921
1.5738
1.5715
1.5684
1.5774
1.6523
1.6023
1.6075
1.5615
1.4713
1.5461
1.7732
1.6977
1.5738
1.5715
1.5684
1.5774
1.6557
1.7417
1.7469
2.0243
1.6548
1.6558
2.10
2.89
1.7397
1.7442
1.9897
1.6509
1.6524
2.39
2.40
nDy
2.39
2.40
nDx
1.6172
1.5620
1.5892
1.4328
1.5512
1.7704
1.7029
1.5684
1.5667
1.5640
1.5708
1.6727
1.7473
1.7528
2.0629
1.6713
1.6730
2.55
2.39
2.40
nDz
68.52
80.09
115.47
121.37
68.52
68.52
35.48
68.52
29.22
35.48
29.22
170.86
158.02
113.46
134.37
338.40
338.40
338.40
338.40
78.05
56.99
56.99
102.90
78.05
78.05
40.87
40.87
40.87
40.87
89.52
89.52
Vm
22.84
16.02
16.49
24.27
22.84
22.84
17.73
22.84
14.61
17.73
14.61
21.36
19.75
16.21
19.20
18.80
18.80
18.80
18.80
15.61
14.25
14.25
20.58
15.61
15.61
20.43
20.43
20.43
20.43
17.90
17.90
Vo
4.140
6.405
9.169
9.100
4.128
4.024
2.619
4.024
2.447
2.561
2.419
10.894
11.828
11.082
11.982
26.121
26.029
25.922
26.236
6.768
5.421
5.441
12.143
6.761
6.768
5.250
5.366
5.742
5.866
11.057
11.732
0.0064
0.0061
0.0107
0.0095
0.0046
0.0050
0.0096
0.0062
0.0064
0.0064
0.0062
0.0052
0.0043
0.0047
0.0065
0.0051
0.0053
0.0264
0.0264
0.0210
0.6624
0.6699
0.7291
0.9164
0.7298
0.4814
0.5592
0.6976
0.7012
0.7056
0.6931
0.5845
0.5033
0.5002
0.3415
0.5854
0.5846
0.2796
0.2876
0.2715
12.89
13.27
10.45
12.41
15.99
12.47
9.63
13.39
13.25
13.27
13.33
13.42
13.61
12.98
9.14
13.58
13.28
4.12
4.17
4.54
Eo
19.46
19.8
14.3
13.5
21.9
25.9
17.2
19.2
18.8
18.8
19.2
22.96
27.05
25.94
26.7
23.20
22.71
14.73
14.51
16.74
Ed
38
89
85
93
57
38
38
57
38
38
38
78
62
24
62
34
62
62
87
97
80
62
76
62
97
64
59
66
66
66
55
Year
AJSCAP
JOBPDE
JAPNDE
APPLAB
AMMIAY
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
AMMIAY
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
APPLAB
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
NJGAAY
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 5
JOBPDE
IEJQA7
Ref. 1
JAPIAU
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
JOSAAH
JOSAAH
PHRVAO
PHRVAO
JPCSAW
JACTAW
Coden
35
6
24
62
42
35
35
42
35
35
35
33
Rf
60
Rf
68
Rf
Rf
14
QE-16
Rf
47
Rf
14
54
49
151
151
27
38
Vol
143
616
25
2614
56
143
143
56
143
143
143
413
2537
262
743
401
424
424
305
3299
1302
1838
1496
4106
3299
265
1107
676
676
1237
306
Page
02
1
1
1
2
02
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
3
8
2
3
1
1
1?
3
5
4
5
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
7
5
5

939
*
hambergite
Be2 BO3 OH.96F.04
Antsirabe, Tanarive, Madagascar
Be2 BO3 OH* hambergite
Be2 BO3 OH* hambergite Madagascar
SrB4 O*
7
PbB4 O*
7
PbB4 O*7
BaB2 O4 -alpha*
BaB2 O4 -alpha*
BiB3 O*
6 piezoelectric
LiGeBO*
4
Mg.98Fe.02AlBO*
4 sinhalite Ratnapura
KNbB2 O*6
RbNbB2 O*6
RbNbB2 O*6
Ca4 YOB3 O*9
Ca4 GdOB3 O*
9
KBe2 BO3 F*2
Mg3 BO3 F3 fluoborite, light brown
Mg3 B7 O13Cl boracite FE 538K
Mg3 B7 O13Cl boracite FE 538K
LaGeBO*
5 FE 805 K
*
Y.99Nd.01Al3 B4 O12
*
Gd.99Nd.01Al3 B4 O12
Na2B4O5OH48 H2O* borax
Na2B4O5OH43 H2O*
tincalconite synthetic
KB5O6OH42 H2O*KB5O84 H2O
K2B4O5OH42 H2O*
CaB3O4OH3H2O
colemanite FE 266 K
Cs.44K.31Rb.16Na.03Al4 Be4 B11O25OH
4
rhodizite Manjaka, Madagascar
Aluminates
LiAlO*
2 gamma-tetragonal
Y.99Nd.01AlO*
3 FL?
Y.99Nd.01AlO*
3 FL?
YAlO*
3 FL?
LaAlO*3
Mg1.02Al1.98Fe.01O*
4 spinel, purple
Sri Lanka
CsB3 O*
5
*
CsLiB6 O10
Zn4 OBO2 *
6
sample designations
1.5480
1.4825
1.7257
1.5759
1.5760
1.5764
1.7222
1.9013
1.901
1.656
1.6504
1.7724
1.6682
1.6826
1.731
1.737
1.737
1.6926
1.6995
1.471
1.5004
1.6553
1.6608
1.7948
1.7472
1.7732
1.4573
1.4518
1.4238
1.4556
1.5792
1.6777
1.6048
1.9173
1.9166
1.9162
2.00
1.6979
1.5434
1.5433
1.7210
1.8979
1.897
1.656
1.6504
1.7473
1.6682
1.6529
1.759
1.720
1.754
1.6613
1.6747
1.471
1.5004
1.6553
1.6608
1.7948
1.7472
1.7732
1.4356
1.4518
1.4745
1.4528
1.5734
1.6777
1.6048
1.9030
1.9035
1.9025
2.00
1.6979
ny
1.5298
1.4825
1.7257
1.5435
nx

1.5884
1.9249
1.9252
1.9246
2.00
1.6979
1.6777
1.4121
1.4690
1.6002
1.6148
1.6147
1.7247
1.9032
1.902
1.544
1.5390
1.9025
1.6725
1.6904
1.731
1.756
1.719
1.7098
1.7079
1.393
1.4798
1.6553
1.6608
1.8314
1.6803
1.7005
1.4605
1.4638
1.5746
1.4323
1.7257
1.6143
nz
1.6223
1.9432
1.9432
1.9423
1.7153
1.7153
1.6932
1.4336
1.4658
1.5919
1.5885
1.5885
1.7353
1.9351
1.934
1.676
1.6699
1.8111
1.6857
1.6967
1.777
1.778
1.777
1.7137
1.7216
1.479
1.5086
1.6713
1.6753
1.8201
1.7743
1.7886
1.4693
1.4625
1.5605
1.4943
1.7464
1.5886
nDy
1.6223
1.9525
1.9523
1.9277
1.6932
1.4863
1.4632
1.5861
1.5545
1.5542
1.7340
1.9304
1.930
1.676
1.6699
1.7806
1.6857
1.6664
1.806
1.758
1.802
1.6815
1.6957
1.479
1.5086
1.6713
1.6753
1.8201
1.7743
1.7886
1.4467
1.4625
1.5416
1.4943
1.7464
1.5546
nDx
1.7153
1.6038
1.9285
1.9285
1.9515
1.6932
1.4211
1.4799
1.6139
1.6288
1.6284
1.7377
1.9368
1.936
1.558
1.5523
1.9518
1.6914
1.7047
1.777
1.804
1.757
1.7268
1.7300
1.401
1.4858
1.6713
1.6753
1.8593
1.7023
1.7122
1.4723
1.4746
1.5879
1.4421
1.7464
1.6285
nDz
42.02
50.09
50.09
50.09
54.44
66.14
391.74
279.40
260.42
140.56
66.06
66.06
100.35
102.45
102.45
96.15
96.46
111.34
69.90
60.73
132.10
137.94
137.94
223.79
226.24
106.04
104.07
220.62
220.62
97.87
180.62
181.69
370.96
250.18
121.37
246.10
209.08
66.06
Vm
21.01
16.95
16.95
16.95
18.15
16.53
13.50
23.28
23.67
17.57
16.51
16.51
14.33
14.64
14.64
24.01
24.11
18.56
17.47
15.18
22.03
22.99
22.99
22.39
22.62
21.21
17.34
15.76
15.76
19.57
15.05
15.14
21.82
20.84
24.27
24.61
16.08
16.51
Vo
3.429
5.628
5.628
5.626
6.498
6.089
35.249
17.468
17.000
11.235
5.234
5.235
9.489
11.386
11.379
8.049
8.018
11.440
6.231
5.449
12.723
13.249
13.235
20.372
20.738
6.738
7.227
19.334
19.462
10.052
17.119
17.653
23.851
16.229
9.242
16.265
19.834
5.233
0.0056
0.0075
0.0048
0.0048
0.0047
0.0054
0.0088
0.0081
0.0061
0.0060
0.0059
0.0040
0.0062
0.0062
0.0072
0.0073
0.0093
0.0063
0.0049
0.0127
0.0117
0.0117
0.0065
0.0071
0.0068
0.0050
0.0059
0.0053
0.0062
0.0075
0.0040
0.0093
0.0085
0.0067
0.0084
0.0061
0.0061
0.5311
0.6421
0.3749
0.3749
0.3753
0.5510
0.9437
0.8859
0.6626
0.6732
0.6731
0.5083
0.3827
0.3829
0.6231
0.6303
0.4453
0.5594
0.5539
0.4930
0.4952
0.4962
0.5415
0.5351
0.9268
0.8130
0.5747
0.5687
0.4417
0.5076
0.4871
0.9050
0.8936
0.7128
0.8735
0.5055
0.6734
12.27
11.73
11.21
11.23
11.26
12.83
13.12
13.19
13.13
13.36
13.48
14.35
9.94
9.95
11.76
11.73
8.73
11.89
13.48
7.88
8.24
8.25
11.53
11.00
14.78
16.07
12.46
13.12
10.70
10.40
14.03
12.46
12.98
13.06
12.93
11.48
13.26
Eo
23.10
18.27
29.89
29.96
30.02
23.2
13.9
14.8
19.8
19.84
20.03
28.2
25.9
25.9
18.88
18.61
19.6
21.25
24.34
15.9
16.6
16.6
21.2
20.5
15.9
19.7
21.6
23.0
24.21
20.4
28.8
13.7
14.5
18.3
14.8
22.7
19.69
Ed
81
78
90
73
94
97
62
76
00
56
62
11
95
95
97
83
87
99
01
97
97
97
97
00
97
96
62
62
62
91
90
98
62
00
00
98
82
97
Year
JCRGAE
JAPAIU
APOPAI
APOPAI
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
JOSAAH
CRTEDF
NJMMAW
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
ZEKRDZ
JAPIAU
SSCOA4
CRTEDF
JOBPDE
OMATET
APOPAI
OMATET
CRTEDF
JOBPDE
OMATET
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
PSSABA
OPCOB8
CHSCBU
Ref. 1
CRTEDF
JJAPA5
JCRGAE
ZEKRDZ
JOBPDE
Coden
54
49
29
12
11
14
Rf
66
35
1956
Rf
48
4
4
8
165
62
109
36
14
8
36
8
35
14
5
Rf
Rf
Rf
125
77
43
Rf
35
39
191
161
14
Vol
546
4223
1281
941
2252
3299
226
72
1151
265
2969
473
669
669
185
91
1968
249
119
3299
215
8587
215
1361
2238
105
688
250
250
671
221
1973
2578
1151
L1164
492
157
3299
Page
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
6
6
6
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
1?
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
1
1
940
SHANNON ET AL.
1.6991
1.6981
1.6976
1.6974
1.6978
1.7002
1.7008
1.6989
1.7045
1.6985
1.7014
1.7010
1.7006
1.6992
1.6994
1.6997
1.7108
1.7102
1.7130
1.6994
1.6977
1.6986
1.7095
1.7107
1.7086
1.710
1.7282
1.7725
1.8113
1.8087
1.8093
1.8095
1.8084
1.8363
1.8327
1.8279
1.8184
1.6991
1.6981
1.6976
1.6974
1.6978
1.7002
1.7008
1.6989
1.7045
1.6985
1.7014
1.7010
1.7006
1.6992
1.6994
1.6997
1.7108
1.7102
1.7130
1.6994
1.6977
1.6986
1.7095
1.7107
1.7086
1.710
1.7282
1.7725
1.8113
1.8087
1.8093
1.8095
1.8084
1.8363
1.8327
1.8279
1.8184
spinel, blue-gray
Sri Lanka
Mg1.00Al1.99Fe.02O*
4 spinel, pink
Tanzania
Mg1.00Al1.99Fe.02O*
4 spinel, pink
Tanzania
Mg.97Al2.01Fe.01O*
4 spinel, colorless
unknown source
Mg1.00Al2.00O*
4 spinel, colorless
Union Carbide
Mg.98Fe.01Al2.01O*
4 spinel Siberia
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel Linde
MgAl2 O
4 spinel, red Ceylon
MgAl2 O
4 spinel, dark-red Ceylon
MgAl2 O
MgAl2 O
MgAl2 O
MgAl2 O
MgAl2 O
MgAl2 O
4 spinel, brown Ceylon
MgAl2 O
4 spinel, brown Ceylon
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel 0.001% Co
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel 0.1% Co
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel 1.15% Co
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel Schott
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel Kodak
MgAl2 O*
4 spinel General Dynamics
Mg.41Al2.39O*
4 spinel, colorless
A. Mellor
Mg.41Al2.39O*
4 spinel, dark-blue A
Mg.38Al2.41O*
4 spinel, blue B
Mg.348Al2.435O*
4 spinel
Mg.66Zn.34Fe.04Al1.96O*4 spinel, blue
Ceylon
Zn.92Fe.07Mg.01Al1.97Fe.03O*
4 gahnite
Jos, Nigeria
*
Y3 Al5 O12
*
Y3 Al5 O12
*
Y3 Al5 O12
*
Y3 Al5 O12
*
Y3 Al5 O12
*
Dy3 Al5 O12
*
Ho3 Al5 O12
*
Er3 Al5 O12
*
Lu3 Al5 O12
Mg1.00Al1.98Fe.02O*
4
ny
nx
sample designations
1.8113
1.8087
1.8093
1.8095
1.8084
1.8363
1.8327
1.8279
1.8184
1.7725
1.7107
1.7086
1.710
1.7282
1.7002
1.7008
1.6989
1.7045
1.6985
1.7014
1.7010
1.7006
1.6992
1.6994
1.6997
1.7108
1.7102
1.7130
1.6994
1.6977
1.6986
1.7095
1.6978
1.6974
1.6976
1.6981
1.6991
nz
1.8352
1.8326
1.8323
1.8328
1.8324
1.8613
1.8567
1.8522
1.8423
1.7944
1.7269
1.7251
1.727
1.7465
1.7173
1.7179
1.7165
1.7219
1.7154
1.7187
1.7179
1.7174
1.7160
1.7161
1.7167
1.7274
1.7271
1.7285
1.7161
1.7154
1.7153
1.7261
1.7150
1.7142
1.7146
1.7151
1.7164
nDx
1.8352
1.8326
1.8323
1.8328
1.8324
1.8613
1.8567
1.8522
1.8423
1.7944
1.7269
1.7251
1.727
1.7465
1.7173
1.7179
1.7165
1.7219
1.7154
1.7187
1.7179
1.7174
1.7160
1.7161
1.7167
1.7274
1.7271
1.7285
1.7161
1.7154
1.7153
1.7261
1.7150
1.7142
1.7146
1.7151
1.7164
nDy
1.8352
1.8326
1.8323
1.8328
1.8324
1.8613
1.8567
1.8522
1.8423
1.7944
1.7269
1.7251
1.727
1.7465
1.7173
1.7179
1.7165
1.7219
1.7154
1.7187
1.7179
1.7174
1.7160
1.7161
1.7167
1.7274
1.7271
1.7285
1.7161
1.7154
1.7153
1.7261
1.7150
1.7142
1.7146
1.7151
1.7164
nDz
216.50
216.50
216.50
216.50
216.50
218.00
216.80
215.00
211.30
66.40
63.66
63.71
63.35
66.02
66.31
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
65.93
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.00
66.01
66.01
66.01
63.44
65.98
66.11
66.11
66.11
66.14
Vm
18.04
18.04
18.04
18.04
18.04
18.17
18.07
17.92
17.60
16.60
15.92
15.93
15.83
16.50
16.58
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
16.50
15.86
16.49
16.53
16.53
16.53
16.53
Vo
22.323
22.271
22.283
22.287
22.265
22.980
22.782
22.498
21.926
6.603
5.943
5.934
5.910
6.279
6.120
6.095
6.082
6.120
6.080
6.099
6.090
6.094
6.084
6.086
6.088
6.162
6.158
6.177
6.087
6.075
6.081
5.915
6.073
6.083
6.084
6.087
6.097
0.0056
0.0056
0.0054
0.0054
0.0057
0.0055
0.0053
0.0055
0.0055
0.0056
0.0051
0.0052
0.0055
0.0054
0.0055
0.0055
0.0057
0.0055
0.0054
0.0055
0.0054
0.0054
0.0054
0.0054
0.0055
0.0052
0.0053
0.0048
0.0054
0.0057
0.0054
0.0052
0.0056
0.0055
0.0055
0.0055
0.0056
0.4384
0.4403
0.4398
0.4395
0.4406
0.4216
0.4239
0.4271
0.4335
0.4667
0.5190
0.5210
0.5201
0.5033
0.5288
0.5283
0.5301
0.5249
0.5305
0.5277
0.5282
0.5285
0.5299
0.5297
0.5294
0.5189
0.5196
0.5170
0.5297
0.5313
0.5305
0.5202
0.5312
0.5316
0.5314
0.5309
0.5299
11.19
11.18
11.39
11.39
11.12
11.08
11.28
11.18
11.22
11.50
12.80
12.70
12.26
12.21
12.41
12.42
12.23
12.32
12.48
12.34
12.46
12.50
12.50
12.52
12.43
12.65
12.51
13.11
12.54
12.17
12.50
12.65
12.32
12.47
12.41
12.44
12.33
Eo
25.5
25.4
25.9
25.9
25.2
26.2
26.6
26.1
25.8
24.64
24.66
24.38
23.58
24.26
23.47
23.51
23.07
23.47
23.53
23.38
23.59
23.66
23.59
23.65
23.47
24.37
24.09
25.36
23.68
22.91
23.57
24.33
23.19
23.46
23.36
23.43
23.26
Ed
65
86
89
97
81
97
97
81
81
97
97
97
61
37
97
78
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
91
91
91
97
97
97
97
97
97
Year
JAPIAU
Ref. 3
SPHCA6
JOBPDE
INOMAF
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
INOMAF
INOMAF
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
ACELAZ
MNLMBB
JOBPDE
Ref. 7
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 9
Ref. 9
Ref. 9
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Coden
34
14
17
14
14
17
17
36
14
14
14
6
24
14
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
14
14
14
14
14
14
Vol
1674
120
712
3299
308
3299
3299
308
308
3299
3299
3299
120
547
3299
7-106
244
267
267
267
267
267
267
155
155
173
173
173
883
883
883
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1

941
*
Y2.93Nd.07Sc2 Al3 O12
*
Gd3 Sc2 Al3 O12
CaYAlO*
4
CaYAlO*
4
CaNdAlO*
4
SrLaAlO*
4
*
SrLaAlO4
SrLaAl.75Ga.25O*4
*
La.8Nd.2MgAl11O19
Gallates
LiGaO*
2
LiGaO*2
LaGaO*3 IR FL
NdGaO*3 IR FL
CoGa2 O*4 IR, not accurate
*
Y3 Ga5 O12
*
Y3 Ga5 O12
*
Nd3.01Ga4.99O12
*
Nd3 Ga5 O12
*
Sm3.02Ga4.98O12
*
Eu3.02Ga4.98O12
*
Gd3 Ga5 O12
*
Gd3 Ga5 O12
*
Gd3 Ga5 O12
*
Gd3.03Ga4.97O12
*
Gd3 Ga5 O12 BTL
*
Tb3.04Ga4.96O12
*
Allied Signal
Tb3.04Ga4.96O12
*
Tb3 Ga5 O12
*
Dy3.05Ga4.95O12
*
Ho3.06Ga4.94O12
*
Tm3 Ga5 O12
*
Y3 Sc2 Ga3 O12
*
Nd3 Sc2 Ga3 O12
*
Sm3 Sc2 Ga3 O12
*
Gd3 Sc2 Ga3 O12
*
La3 Lu2 Ga3 O12
*
La2.7Lu2.3Ga3 O12
*
La1.3GdLu2.7Ga3 O12
*
Nd3 Lu2 Ga3 O12
*
Y2.545Er.455Ga1.977Cr.023Ga3 O12
*
Gd2.96Nd.04Ga4.8Al.2O12
*
Gd2.964Nd.036Ga4 AlO12
*
Y1.5Er1.5Al5 O12
sample designations
1.8198
1.8515
1.87
1.8767
1.8757
1.9266
1.9316
1.92
1.92
1.771
1.7061
1.730
2.02
2.02
2.00
1.878
1.882
1.9470
1.9476
1.9452
1.9407
1.9328
1.9330
1.9326
1.9332
1.9334
1.9325
1.9335
1.932
1.9311
1.9281
1.9187
1.9068
1.9300
1.9410
1.9315
1.9187
1.9186
1.9200
1.9295
1.9097
1.929
1.909
1.7061
1.705
2.02
2.02
2.00
1.878
1.882
1.9470
1.9476
1.9452
1.9407
1.9328
1.9330
1.9326
1.9332
1.9334
1.9325
1.9335
1.932
1.9311
1.9281
1.9187
1.9068
1.9300
1.9410
1.9315
1.9187
1.9186
1.9200
1.9295
1.9097
1.929
1.909
ny
1.8198
1.8515
1.87
1.8767
1.8757
1.9266
1.9316
1.92
1.92
1.771
nx

1.7339
1.734
2.02
2.02
2.00
1.878
1.882
1.9470
1.9476
1.9452
1.9407
1.9328
1.9330
1.9326
1.9332
1.9334
1.9325
1.9335
1.932
1.9311
1.9281
1.9187
1.9068
1.9300
1.9410
1.9315
1.9187
1.9186
1.9200
1.9295
1.9097
1.929
1.909
1.8198
1.8515
1.87
1.8990
1.8978
1.9513
1.9516
1.95
1.94
1.764
nz
1.7350
1.763
1.919
1.916
1.9871
1.9872
1.9840
1.9794
1.9698
1.9698
1.9693
1.9699
1.9702
1.9707
1.9710
1.971
1.9679
1.9638
1.9582
1.9417
1.9671
1.9797
1.9687
1.9564
1.9561
1.9575
1.9695
1.9444
1.964
1.944
1.919
1.916
1.9871
1.9872
1.9840
1.9794
1.9698
1.9698
1.9693
1.9699
1.9702
1.9707
1.9710
1.971
1.9679
1.9638
1.9582
1.9417
1.9671
1.9797
1.9687
1.9564
1.9561
1.9575
1.9695
1.9444
1.964
1.944
1.8432
1.8795
1.90
1.9077
1.9068
1.9620
1.9663
1.95
1.96
1.791
nDy
1.7350
1.735
1.8432
1.8795
1.90
1.9077
1.9068
1.9620
1.9663
1.95
1.96
1.791
nDx
1.919
1.916
1.9871
1.9872
1.9840
1.9794
1.9698
1.9698
1.9693
1.9699
1.9702
1.9707
1.9710
1.971
1.9679
1.9638
1.9582
1.9417
1.9671
1.9797
1.9687
1.9564
1.9561
1.9575
1.9695
1.9444
1.964
1.944
1.7654
1.765
1.8432
1.8795
1.90
1.9290
1.9280
1.9867
1.9865
1.97
1.99
1.783
nDz
21.54
21.54
19.57
19.19
18.12
19.27
19.27
20.39
20.37
20.02
19.90
19.77
19.77
19.77
19.77
19.77
19.61
19.61
19.61
19.48
19.37
19.16
19.15
21.23
21.03
20.67
22.87
22.78
22.52
19.72
19.51
236.67
234.16
17.96
19.24
19.88
19.72
19.72
20.57
22.29
22.29
22.51
15.60
Vo
43.08
43.08
58.70
57.56
72.50
231.31
231.31
244.70
244.49
240.50
238.80
237.30
237.30
237.30
237.30
237.30
235.40
235.40
235.40
233.80
232.40
230.00
229.80
254.80
252.40
248.10
274.43
273.40
270.20
215.50
230.90
238.60
78.88
78.88
82.30
89.15
89.15
90.06
296.44
Vm
26.873
26.189
4.042
4.075
7.099
6.962
8.654
25.247
25.328
28.154
28.142
27.634
27.349
27.020
27.024
27.016
27.028
27.032
26.798
26.818
26.788
26.588
26.370
25.915
25.658
28.953
28.913
28.223
30.921
30.802
30.474
22.390
24.658
25.874
8.652
8.645
9.385
10.192
10.130
10.208
29.369
0.0080
0.0065
0.0067
0.0066
0.0065
0.0065
0.0064
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0066
0.0064
0.0066
0.0063
0.0062
0.0070
0.0064
0.0064
0.0065
0.0064
0.0067
0.0067
0.0066
0.0069
0.0063
0.0061
0.0063
0.0090
0.0092
0.0054
0.0059
0.0066
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0059
0.0039
0.0073
0.0052
0.3960
0.3933
0.3583
0.3580
0.3592
0.3615
0.3655
0.3654
0.3656
0.3653
0.3652
0.3657
0.3651
0.3659
0.3664
0.3680
0.3729
0.3794
0.3670
0.3613
0.3662
0.3729
0.3730
0.3722
0.3672
0.3778
0.3676
0.3779
0.5150
0.5080
0.4326
0.4119
0.3999
0.3922
0.3929
0.3646
0.3628
0.3646
0.3694
0.4696
8.90
9.83
9.28
9.33
9.43
9.40
9.59
9.60
9.62
9.62
9.62
9.45
9.54
9.40
9.61
9.73
9.24
9.75
9.57
9.41
9.56
9.44
9.47
9.49
9.22
9.78
9.79
9.81
9.57
9.39
11.33
10.55
9.81
10.27
10.24
9.80
9.90
12.25
8.97
12.04
Eo
22.4
24.9
25.9
26.0
26.2
26.0
26.2
26.2
26.3
26.3
26.3
25.8
26.1
25.6
26.2
26.4
24.7
25.6
26.0
26.0
26.0
25.3
25.3
25.4
25.10
25.89
26.6
25.9
18.58
18.48
26.2
25.6
24.5
26.19
26.05
26.87
27.28
33.59
24.27
25.6
Ed
70
65
94
94
78
87
74
97
84
97
97
87
78
89
97
90
97
97
94
97
97
82
97
84
97
87
89
89
89
84
89
88
88
97
97
73
97
97
97
97
96
96
83
Year
JAPIAU
APOPAI
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
SPSSA7
Ref. 5
PLRBAQ
JOBPDE
SPHCA6
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 5
KRTEAW
SPHCA6
JOBPDE
APOPAI
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
PSSBBD
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JCRGAE
JOBPDE
SPHCA6
JOBPDE
Ref. 5
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JCRGAE
JCRGAE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JAPIAU
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
PSSBBD
PSSBBD
SJQEAF
Coden
34
34
34
29
34
92
92
13
34
14
29
14
14
182
14
14
57
14
29
14
10
14
29
14
14
41
4
11
11
20
14
14
44
14
14
14
14
195
195
13
Vol
3008
1036
2252
2252
1451
314
971
3299
704
3299
3299
307
K10
712
3299
3704
3299
3299
K91
3299
3299
600
3299
704
3299
308
712
712
712
704
712
17
17
3299
3299
1395
3299
3299
3299
3299
625
625
1082
Page
1
5
03
03
03
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
8
8
5
2
3
5
5
5
3?
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3?
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
5?
1
1
1
1
5?
5
3
942
SHANNON ET AL.
Ferrites
MnFe2 O*4
CoFe2 O4
ZnFe2 O*4
*
BTL
Y3 Fe5 O12
*
Y3 Fe5 O12
*
Y3 Fe5 O12
*
films
Y3 Fe5 O12
Silicates
Be2 SiO*
4 phenacite
Be2 SiO*
4 phenacite
Be2 SiO*4 phenacite
Mg2 SiO*
4 forsterite synthetic
Mg2 SiO
4 Fayal, contains Fe?
Mg1.80Fe.225Ni.01SiO*
4 peridot
San Carlos, AZ
Mg2 SiO*4 forsterite synthetic
Mn1.98Si1.00O*
4 tephroite synthetic
Mn2 SiO*4 tephroite synthetic
Mn1.85Mg.15SiO*4 tephroite Pajsberg
Fe2 SiO*
4 fayalite Oberharz
Fe1.72Mn.09Mg.16Ca.03Si.98Ti.02O*
4 fayalite
Cuddia Mida, Isola de Pantelleria, It.
Fe2 SiO*
4 fayalite synthetic-O. Kopp,
C. Finch
Fe2 SiO*
4 fayalite synthetic-O. Kopp,
C. Finch
Fe2 SiO*
4 fayalite 8A1 8C2
*
Fe2 SiO4 fayalite 8C2 8B1

Zn2 SiO4 -alpha* willemite
Altenberg near Aachen
Zn2 SiO4 willemite
*
Gd2.286Er.714Ga1.976Cr.024Ga3 O12
*
Nd2.7Yb2.3Ga3 O12
*
LaEr3 ScGa3 O12
*
La2.37Nd.07Pb.01Lu2.54Cr.01Ga3 O12
*
La2.37Nd.07Pb.01Lu2.54Cr.01Ga3 O12
SrLaGa3 O*
7
SrGdGa3 O*7
BaLaGa3 O*7
*
La3 Ga5 SiO14
*
La3 Ga5 GeO14
*
La3 Ga5.5Nb.5O14
*
La3 Ga5.5Ta.5O14
sample designations
1.631
1.7803
1.768
1.760
1.8289
1.8006
1.8311
1.8306
1.8306
1.8306
1.6661
1.6728
1.7933
1.7924
1.7923
1.7927
1.6661
1.6728
1.6403
1.6392
1.66
1.6353
1.6717
1.6569
1.6403
1.6392
1.66
1.6211
1.6529
1.6407
1.651
1.7545
1.739
1.737
1.7918
1.7708
2.18
2.480
2.16
2.1287
2.165
2.15
2.17
1.9319
1.9329
1.9422
1.9188
1.9239
1.7947
1.793
1.845
1.8712
1.8875
1.9122
1.9055
ny
2.18
2.480
2.16
2.1287
2.165
2.15
2.17
1.9319
1.9329
1.9422
1.9188
1.9239
1.7947
1.793
1.845
1.8712
1.8875
1.9122
1.9055
nx
1.7020
1.8411
1.8406
1.6940
1.8410
1.8414
1.668
1.7937
1.778
1.770
1.8429
1.8085
1.6559
1.6561
1.66
1.6530
1.6902
1.6758
2.18
2.480
2.16
2.1287
2.165
2.15
2.17
1.9319
1.9329
1.9422
1.9188
1.9239
1.7831
1.810
1.850
1.8829
1.9005
1.9397
1.9298
nz
1.6939
1.8253
1.8254
1.6893
1.8253
1.8258
1.6939
1.8660
1.8660
1.6893
1.8660
1.8664
1.8092
1.806
1.787
1.8662
1.8368
1.6506
1.6897
1.6744
1.6358
1.6702
1.6569
1.7809
1.774
1.761
1.8246
1.8031
1.6538
1.6536
1.6538
1.6536
2.3266
2.485
2.31
2.34
1.9043
1.9249
1.9543
1.9434
1.9043
1.9249
1.9543
1.9434
2.3266
2.485
2.31
2.34
1.9684
1.9722
1.9668
1.9561
1.9616
1.8287
1.836
nDy
1.9684
1.9722
1.9668
1.9561
1.9616
1.8287
1.836
nDx
1.7230
1.8747
1.8749
1.7179
1.8748
1.8752
1.8219
1.816
1.799
1.8782
1.8447
1.6687
1.7086
1.6934
1.6696
1.6693
2.3266
2.485
2.31
2.34
1.9157
1.9377
1.9846
1.9699
1.9684
1.9722
1.9668
1.9561
1.9616
1.8182
1.842
nDz
87.02
76.92
76.92
87.02
76.92
76.92
72.48
81.33
81.33
81.33
77.53
77.53
61.73
61.73
61.73
72.48
72.48
73.06
21.75
19.23
19.23
21.75
19.23
19.23
18.12
20.33
20.33
20.33
19.38
19.38
15.43
15.43
15.43
18.12
18.12
18.27
19.18
18.49
18.74
19.74
19.74
19.74
19.74
22.51
22.51
24.78
23.93
25.49
20.96
21.21
21.40
21.43
270.20
270.20
173.45
167.50
178.40
293.48
296.91
299.56
300.13
76.74
73.98
74.96
236.90
236.90
236.90
236.90
22.13
Vo
265.60
Vm
7.874
8.003
8.002
7.809
8.003
8.007
6.311
8.116
8.003
7.955
8.065
7.863
5.346
5.341
5.440
6.207
6.476
6.422
10.181
11.161
9.841
30.578
31.184
30.936
31.266
30.446
30.564
17.551
17.073
18.973
31.958
32.767
33.820
33.686
30.245
0.0071
0.0077
0.0077
0.0081
0.0077
0.0076
0.0071
0.0098
0.0072
0.0079
0.0085
0.0060
0.0063
0.0063
0.0052
0.0054
0.0197
0.0271
0.0159
0.0157
0.0065
0.0071
0.0075
0.0069
0.0063
0.0068
0.0042
0.0066
0.0066
0.0084
0.0094
0.5464
0.4321
0.4318
0.5537
0.4319
0.4315
0.4644
0.4758
0.4805
0.4320
0.4516
0.5962
0.5577
0.5723
0.5857
0.5864
0.2832
0.2711
0.2767
0.2696
0.3975
0.3878
0.3716
0.3758
0.3660
0.3655
0.3607
0.3729
0.3702
0.4531
0.4475
11.08
9.46
9.50
10.48
9.48
9.51
10.21
8.82
10.35
9.34
9.24
12.61
11.92
12.08
13.43
13.22
4.80
4.00
5.27
5.24
9.88
9.38
8.88
9.31
9.64
9.31
11.71
9.49
9.47
9.30
8.71
Eo
20.28
21.90
21.99
18.93
21.96
22.04
21.99
18.53
21.53
21.63
20.47
21.14
21.38
21.11
22.93
22.54
16.9
14.7
19.0
19.4
24.8
24.1
23.8
24.7
26.34
25.4
32.46
25.4
25.5
20.5
19.4
Ed
62
97
97
23
97
97
73
97
32
62
62
09
62
62
73
28
28
97
89
78
89
97
65
74
73
89
84
84
97
97
96
91
84
83
87
87
87
Year
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
ZEKRDZ
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
PSSBBD
JOBPDE
AMMIAY
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
PSSBBD
AMMIAY
AMMIAY
JOBDE
PSSBBD
SPSSA7
PSSBBD
JOBPDE
BJAPAJ
PLRBAQ
APPLAB
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
PHBCDQ
PSSABA
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
Coden
Rf
14
14
58
14
14
55
14
17
Rf
Rf
46
Rf
Rf
55
13
13
14
152
20
152
14
16
10
23
34
29
29
14
14
13
8
123
80
32
32
32
Vol
2883
3299
3299
460
3299
3299
677
3299
135
1236
1390
138
2688
2903
143
559
559
3299
657
1451
657
3299
475
971
702
712
704
704
3299
3299
1941
1668
215
387
236
236
236
Page
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
6
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
3
1
3?
3
1
1?
1
1
4
1
1?
1
5
5
5
2
3?
5
5
1
2
2?
1
1
2
3?
6
2
1
1
1
e, mean dispersion values A and B according to Eq. 3a, and average of E O and E d according to Eq. 3b. Source references use Codens from the American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index 19071999

943
CaMnSiO*4
synthetic
Ca1.22Fe.40Mn.24Mg.14SiO*
4
monticellite Gute-HoffnungshXtte
Ca.82Fe1.02Mg.10Zn.06SiO*
4 olivine
Clausthaler Silberhutte
Sr2 SiO*4 monoclinic synthetic FL 367 K
Eu2 SiO4 -beta* monoclinic
*
trimerite
CaMn1.69Fe.24Mg.07Be3 Si3 O12
Harstigsgrube
ZrSiO
4 zircon, colorless
Chantaboon, Thailand
ZrSiO
4 zircon
ZrSiO*
4 zircon, blue Chantaboon,
Thailand
ZrSiO
4 zircon unknown source
ZrSiO4 zircon
Zr.99Hf.01SiO*
4 zircon Nigeria?
ZrSiO*4 zircon, red-brown
North Burgess, Ontario
Al2 SiO*
5 kyanite
Al2 SiO5 andalusite Brazil
Al2 SiO
5 sillimanite, pale-blue
Mogok, Upper Burma
Al2 SiO
5 sillimanite Ceylon
Al2 SiO5 sillimanite
Y2 SiO5 :Nd*
Al2 SiO4 F*
2 topaz Schneckenstein
Al2 SiO4 F*
2 topaz
Al2 SiO4 F2 topaz
*
topaz
Al2 SiO4 F1.89OH.11
*
topaz
Al2 SiO4 F1.89OH.11
*
Bi4 Si3 O12
*
Bi4 Si3 O12
CaBSiO4 OH* datolite Serra dei Zanchetti
CaBSiO4 OH* datolite Westfield, MA
Ca.95 Mg.05B2 Si2 O*
8 danburite
Okira, Japan
Ca1.00B1.99Al.01Si2.00O*
8 danburite
Charcus, Mexico
Cu6Si6O186 H2O dioptase
Cu6Si6O186 H2O dioptase Kirgensteppe
Pb9Mg9Si9O24OH24 molybdophyllite
Langbanshuttan, Varmland, Sweden
Pb3Al2CaSi10O273 H2O* wickenburgite Wickenburg, AZ
sample designations
1.6851
1.6826
1.7090
1.707
1.817
1.7020
1.8911
1.8819
1.8942
1.8898
1.8948
1.8939
1.908
1.7053
1.6257
1.6443
1.6425
1.6426
1.7655
1.6063
1.6217
1.6036
1.6031
1.6023
1.9674
1.9559
1.6377
1.6383
1.6200
1.6192
1.6338
1.6291
1.7836
1.6550
1.6743
1.702
1.813
1.6990
1.8911
1.8819
1.8942
1.8898
1.8948
1.8939
1.908
1.6984
1.6197
1.6426
1.6408
1.6407
1.7629
1.6035
1.6191
1.6009
1.5998
1.5992
1.9674
1.9559
1.6109
1.6121
1.6167
1.6166
1.6338
1.6291
1.7836
1.6550
ny
1.6570
1.6554
nx

1.6183
1.6800
1.6720
1.7309
1.6227
1.6610
1.6600
1.7851
1.6131
1.6303
1.6104
1.6094
1.6096
1.9674
1.9559
1.6544
1.6550
1.6226
1.7114
1.6293
1.6613
1.9463
1.9527
1.9519
1.956
1.9433
1.9519
1.9508
1.736
1.841
1.7100
1.7189
1.6974
1.6857
nz
1.6911
1.6573
1.6611
1.8145
1.6299
1.6563
1.6576
1.7865
1.6153
1.6293
1.6120
1.6112
1.6107
2.0293
2.0217
1.6246
1.6253
1.6302
1.7130
1.6327
1.6581
1.9254
1.9262
1.9256
1.936
1.9195
1.9255
1.9239
1.727
1.889
1.7155
1.6957
1.6861
1.6744
nDx
1.6911
1.6573
1.6809
1.8145
1.6327
1.6577
1.6592
1.7894
1.6179
1.6308
1.6146
1.6142
1.6136
2.0293
2.0217
1.6527
1.6530
1.6333
1.7221
1.6387
1.6593
1.9254
1.9262
1.9256
1.936
1.9195
1.9255
1.9239
1.732
1.896
1.7192
1.7339
1.7117
1.7043
nDy
1.6478
1.7091
1.6886
1.7609
1.6361
1.6766
1.6797
1.8104
1.6248
1.6379
1.6215
1.6208
1.6209
2.0293
2.0217
1.6694
1.6697
1.6361
1.7287
1.6439
1.6785
1.9796
1.9841
1.9847
1.990
1.9803
1.9843
1.9838
1.756
1.914
1.7255
1.7431
1.7217
1.7095
nDz
635.17
476.77
476.77
1043.38
136.33
82.92
82.92
106.90
85.84
85.84
85.84
85.84
85.84
273.10
273.10
88.59
88.59
136.30
73.29
85.54
82.92
65.94
65.94
65.32
65.94
65.94
65.94
65.94
97.59
97.77
214.61
87.60
89.06
Vm
21.17
19.86
19.86
21.74
17.04
16.58
16.58
21.38
14.30
14.30
14.30
14.30
14.30
22.76
22.76
17.72
17.72
17.04
14.65
17.11
16.58
16.49
16.49
16.33
16.49
16.49
16.49
16.49
24.40
24.44
17.88
21.90
22.26
Vo
54.820
41.475
41.181
103.106
11.425
7.204
7.201
10.617
7.083
7.233
7.058
7.049
7.046
31.881
31.623
7.566
7.574
11.427
6.800
7.219
7.215
7.373
7.404
7.329
7.459
7.337
7.400
7.386
9.153
10.193
19.882
8.089
8.033
0.0127
0.0094
0.0066
0.0080
0.0056
0.0059
0.0067
0.0063
0.0051
0.0037
0.0049
0.0050
0.0050
0.0096
0.0104
0.0058
0.0056
0.0056
0.0051
0.0056
0.0060
0.0064
0.0057
0.0058
0.0054
0.0069
0.0057
0.0060
0.0072
0.0162
0.0053
0.0075
0.0090
0.0074
0.5893
0.5822
0.5711
0.4726
0.6162
0.5828
0.5832
0.4680
0.6312
0.6110
0.6346
0.6357
0.6363
0.3483
0.3539
0.5990
0.5981
0.6159
0.5244
0.6097
0.5813
0.3788
0.3759
0.3764
0.3705
0.3823
0.3762
0.3776
0.5155
0.4300
0.5258
0.5289
0.5493
0.5546
8.62
9.96
11.79
9.70
13.26
12.61
11.81
10.88
14.07
16.31
14.44
14.29
14.20
7.62
7.37
12.89
13.04
13.23
12.77
13.24
12.45
9.75
10.29
10.17
10.51
9.40
10.24
10.04
10.72
6.52
12.60
10.64
9.86
10.93
Eo
14.6
17.1
20.6
20
21.5
21.64
20.26
23.2
22.28
26.69
22.75
22.48
22.32
21.8
20.8
21.51
21.80
21.4
24.35
21.72
21.41
25.74
27.37
27.02
28.37
24.59
27.22
26.60
20.80
15.17
23.9
20.11
17.94
19.71
Ed
68
62
62
38
97
62
62
90
62
62
62
97
97
72
95
62
97
62
62
08
62
03
10
97
62
62
62
62
22
71
60
62
32
62
Year
AMMIAY
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 10C
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
IEJQA7
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JAPIAU
OPSUA3
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
AJSCAP
PKOMA3
Ref. 10D
Ref. 1
AMMIAY
Ref. 1
Coden
53
Rf
Rf
14
Rf
Rf
26
Rf
Rf
Rf
14
14
43
79
Rf
14
Rf
Rf
44
Rf
37
47
14
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
4
14
Rf
17
Rf
Vol
1433
621
2889
368
3299
4038
4085
1405
4046
4071
1833
3299
3299
5110
868
2950
3299
1044
4085
313
1520
235
1
3299
647
514
595
514
331
37
871
1082
135
843
Page
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
2
1
1
1?
1?
1
1?
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1?
1
1
3
1?
1
3
3
1
3?
1
944
SHANNON ET AL.
*
Be3.0Al1.96Cr.07Si5.96O18
*
Be3.0Al1.96Cr.07Si5.96O18
beryl synthetic-Chatham
beryl synthetic-Chatham
Na.02Be3.04Al1.95Fe.02Mg.01Si5.99O18 .32H2 O* aquamarine
Nuristan, Pakistan
Na.04Cs.02Be3.06Al1.96Fe.02Zn.01Si5.97O18 .41H2 O* aquamarine
Nuristan, Pakistan
Na.04Be3.06Al1.93Fe.03 Mg.02Zn.01Si5.97O18(.49H2O* beryl, green
Padre Paraiso, Minas Gerais
Na.04Be3.06Al1.93Fe.03 Mg.02Zn.01Si5.97O18(.49H2O* beryl, green
Padre Paraiso, Minas Gerais
Na.03Cs.04Be3.05Al1.97 Fe.01Si5.97O18.46H2O* goshenite
Hunza, Pakistan
Na.20Cs.14Be3.15Al1.90 Si5.90V.01O18.88H2O* morganite Brazil
Li.37Na.24Cs.11Mg.04 Be2.58B.06Al2.02Si5.94O18.67H2O* beryl, Maxize
Minas Gerais
*
* Si5 O18H2O.49CO2 .07
cordierite, blue
Na.04Mg1.72Fe.27Al3.97 Fe.03
Madagascar
*
Na.03Mg1.97Fe.03Al3.97 Fe*
.03 Si5 O18H2O.41CO2 .07 cordierite, colorless
unknown source
*
pyrope Northeast AZ
Mg2.04Fe.53Ca.43Mn.02 Al1.96Cr.03Fe.01Si3 O12
*
pyrope Madagascar
Mg1.95Fe.99Ca.09Mn.01Al1.98Si3 O12
*
pyrope Sri Lanka
Mg1.64Fe1.17Ca.19Mn.03Al2 Si3 O12
*
almandine North Creek, NY
Fe1.45Mg1.18Ca.20Mn.04Al2 Si3 O12
*
pyrope Tanzania
Mg1.23Fe.90Mn.56Ca.33Al1.98V.02Cr.01Zn.01Si3 O12
*
pyrope
Mg3 Al2 Si3 O12
*
spessartine Ramona, CA
Mn2.80Fe.17Ca.01Al2.03Si3 O12
(2) (3)
*
Fe.123 Al2.01Si2.98O12
spessartine Kenya
Mn2.16Ca.14Fe.512
*
grossular Asbestos, Quebec
Ca2.92Mn.04Fe.135Al2 Si3 O12
Ca2.95Al1.97Mg.04Mn.01Ti.02Fe.01Si2.99O*
12 grossular
Umba River, Tanzania
*
grossular Jeffrey Quarry, Quebec
Ca2.98Mn.01Fe.01Al1.97Fe.02Si2.94O12
*
grossular Passo del Termine
Ca2.66Mg.20Fe.14Al1.84Fe.16Si3 O12
*
demantoid Val Malenco
Ca3.00Fe1.99Mg.02Al.01Si2.98O12
*
demantoid Ala Valley
Ca2.99Fe2.00Mg.02Al.01Si2.98O12
*
demantoid Val Malenco
Ca3.00Fe1.99Mg.02Al.01Si2.98O12
Ca3 Fe2 Si3 O12 andradite
(3)
*
Al0.04Fe0.01SiO4 2.07O4 H4 0.93
Ca3 Mn1.95
henritermierite, n data from O. Medenbach
Li1.00Al.97Si2.02O*
6 spodumene Nuristan, Afghanistan
Li.95Na.05AlSi2 O*
6 spodumene, rose Maharitra, Madagascar
LiAlSi2 O*
6 spodumene, colorless
sample designations
1.5526
1.5511
1.5633
1.5650
1.5661
1.5665
1.5653
1.5794
1.5792
1.5285
1.5231
1.7219
1.7342
1.7489
1.7536
1.7511
1.730
1.7816
1.7794
1.7208
1.7232
1.7169
1.7444
1.8344
1.8347
1.8319
1.841
1.7594
1.6504
1.6509
1.6510
1.5650
1.5661
1.5665
1.5653
1.5794
1.5792
1.5227
1.5193
1.7219
1.7342
1.7489
1.7536
1.7511
1.730
1.7816
1.7794
1.7208
1.7232
1.7169
1.7444
1.8344
1.8347
1.8319
1.841
1.7594
1.6462
1.6454
1.6454
ny
1.5526
1.5511
1.5633
nx
1.6606
1.6600
1.6597
1.7169
1.7444
1.8344
1.8347
1.8319
1.841
1.8198
1.7219
1.7342
1.7489
1.7536
1.7511
1.730
1.7816
1.7794
1.7208
1.7232
1.5263
1.5312
1.5722
1.5720
1.5600
1.5609
1.5607
1.5597
1.5487
1.5477
1.5581
nz
1.6601
1.6602
1.6602
1.7339
1.7565
1.8863
1.8867
1.8855
1.889
1.7967
1.7395
1.7525
1.7678
1.7735
1.7706
1.749
1.8028
1.8018
1.7383
1.7414
1.5318
1.5358
1.5923
1.5920
1.5777
1.5788
1.5784
1.5775
1.5650
1.5633
1.5757
nDx
1.6648
1.6651
1.6649
1.7339
1.7565
1.8863
1.8867
1.8855
1.889
1.7967
1.7395
1.7525
1.7678
1.7735
1.7706
1.749
1.8028
1.8018
1.7383
1.7414
1.5357
1.5413
1.5923
1.5920
1.5777
1.5788
1.5784
1.5775
1.5650
1.5633
1.5757
nDy
1.6755
1.6759
1.6756
1.7339
1.7565
1.8863
1.8867
1.8855
1.889
1.8726
1.7395
1.7525
1.7678
1.7735
1.7706
1.749
1.8028
1.8018
1.7383
1.7414
1.5389
1.5442
1.5848
1.5844
1.5722
1.5732
1.5730
1.5721
1.5610
1.5598
1.5703
nDz
97.31
97.31
97.31
208.04
206.97
219.40
219.40
219.40
219.40
232.19
191.88
189.74
190.85
192.04
193.28
187.89
195.79
195.77
207.89
208.04
387.67
388.39
339.38
339.00
337.88
338.09
338.09
337.90
338.41
338.41
337.87
Vm
16.22
16.22
16.22
17.34
17.25
18.28
18.28
18.28
18.28
19.34
15.99
15.81
15.90
16.00
16.11
15.66
16.32
16.31
17.32
17.34
21.53
21.57
18.85
18.80
18.77
18.28
18.28
18.77
18.80
18.80
18.77
Vo
8.498
8.495
8.494
19.552
20.017
23.089
23.095
23.039
23.221
23.246
18.129
18.159
18.542
18.746
18.819
17.904
19.640
19.597
19.619
19.683
28.267
28.527
26.850
26.812
26.218
26.276
26.263
26.208
25.787
25.736
26.142
0.0054
0.0056
0.0056
0.0052
0.0035
0.0110
0.0111
0.0115
0.0101
0.0105
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.0055
0.0054
0.0055
0.0054
0.0057
0.0053
0.0055
0.0075
0.0075
0.0062
0.0062
0.0063
0.0062
0.0062
0.0063
0.0066
0.0065
0.0063
0.5780
0.5783
0.5784
0.5135
0.4895
0.4226
0.4226
0.4245
0.4183
0.4623
0.5089
0.4982
0.4857
0.4819
0.4839
0.5013
0.4599
0.4616
0.5099
0.5077
0.7580
0.7501
0.6725
0.6729
0.6922
0.6905
0.6911
0.6927
0.7110
0.7130
0.6952
13.08
12.85
12.88
12.54
15.03
7.83
7.81
7.68
8.13
8.40
12.38
12.22
12.15
11.86
11.96
12.06
11.70
11.37
12.40
12.18
12.75
12.62
13.19
13.22
13.27
13.32
13.30
13.21
13.14
13.26
13.27
Eo
22.63
22.22
22.27
24.4
30.7
18.5
18.4
18.1
19.4
18.1
24.3
24.5
25.0
24.6
24.7
24.0
25.4
24.6
24.3
23.9
16.8
16.8
19.6
19.6
19.1
19.2
19.2
19.0
18.4
18.6
19.0
Ed
97
13
13
97
62
97
97
97
62
00
97
97
97
97
97
62
97
78
97
97
97
97
97
35
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
Year
JOBPDE
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
Ref. 14
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
AFSLAO
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
ZMGPAS
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Coden
14
13
13
14
Rf
14
14
14
Rf
14
14
14
14
14
Rf
14
29
14
14
14
14
14
1935
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
Vol
3299
294
294
3299
235
3299
3299
3299
244
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
138
3299
275
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
37
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1?
1
1
1
6
1

945
spodumene, green Maharitra, Madagascar

LiAlSi2 O
6 spodumene, colorless
LiAlSi2 O*
6 amorphous spodumene
Corning ESI glass
*
petalite Karabib, SW Africa
Li0.90Na.10Al1.0Si4 O10
CaSiO*3 pseudowollastonite synthetic
BaSiO*3 synthetic
BaSi2 O*5 sanbornite synthetic
Ca.46Mg.35Fe.15Mn.01Al.09Si.93O*
3 pigeonite
Ca1.47Mn1.44Mg.09Si3 O*
9 bustamite Langban
Mn.8Ca.2SiO*
3 rhodonite Broken Hill
Mn.65Fe.13Ca.19Mg.03SiO*
3 rhodonite Morocco
Mn.80Ca.14Mg.05Fe.01SiO*
3 rhodonite Harstigen
(2)
Si2 O*
CaMg.94Fe.06
6 diopside, colorless
Nordmarken
(2)
Al.01Si1.99O*
Ca.99Mn.01Mg.92Fe.08
6
diopside, yellow-green Nordmarken
CaMgSi2 O
6 diopside, colorless Zillertal
Ca.97Na.02Mg.93Fe.03Cr.02Al.01Si2 O*
6
diopside Russia
(2)
(2) (3)
Ca.96Mn.01Fe.03 Mg.42Fe.56 Fe.02 Si2 O*
6
diopside, black Nordmarken
(2)
*
CaMg.92Fe.08 Si2 O6 diopside Ala Valley
CaMgSi2 O*6 amorphous Corning
Ca2 MgSi2 O*
7 akermanite
Ca2 MgSi2 O
7 akermanite
Ca2 ZnSi2 O
7 hardystonite
Ca2 ZnSi2 O*
7 hardystonite synthetic-Liebertz
Ca2 Al2 SiO*7 gehlenite synthetic
Ca2 Ga2 SiO*
7
Ca2 CoSi2 O*
7
Sr2 CoSi2 O*
7
(3)
Al.05Ti.03
Na.87K.02Ca.02Mn.02Fe.92
* aegirine Quincy, MA
Fe.03Si2 O5.95OH.05
(3) (2)
Fe.09
Na.70Ca.18Mg.12Fe.78
*
Al.04Ti.02Si2 O5.95OH.05
aegirine Laven, Norway
(3)
Fe(2) .16
Ca.90Mn.01Na.06K.01Mg.63Fe.11
*
Ti.12Al.29Si1.71O6 titanaugite Stoffel, Westerwald
(3) (3)
Fe.10 Ti.10
Ca.87Mn.01Na.05K.03Mg.69Fe.16
*
Al.24Si1.78O6 titanaugite Stoffel, Westerwald
(3)
*
Mg.8Al17.2Fe(3)
Ti.1Si7.7O44OH 3.2
Fe3.0
.3
staurolite St. Gotthard
narsarsukite comp. not certain

Na2 TiSi4 O11
(3)
Si2 O*6
Li.95Na.05Al0.95Fe.05
sample designations
1.6510
1.5052
1.502
1.594
1.654
1.602
1.6843
1.6658
1.7125
1.7021
1.7030
1.6618
1.6647
1.6621
1.6621
1.6898
1.6620
1.5968
1.6152
1.6214
1.6530
1.6542
1.646
1.6998
1.5731
1.6174
1.758
1.729
1.703
1.682
1.7267
1.5351
1.497
1.594
1.654
1.587
1.6780
1.6528
1.7081
1.6980
1.6991
1.6549
1.6573
1.6527
1.6552
1.6829
1.6552
1.5968
1.6152
1.6214
1.6530
1.6542
1.646
1.6998
1.5731
1.6174
1.731
1.706
1.689
1.680
1.7218
1.5351
1.6580
ny
1.6454
1.5052
1.6541
nx

1.5702
1.7316
1.700
1.712
1.740
1.6828
1.5968
1.6237
1.6261
1.6431
1.6440
1.639
1.6909
1.6490
1.6510
1.769
1.7101
1.6839
1.6831
1.6877
1.508
1.631
1.656
1.601
1.7017
1.6671
1.7200
1.7101
1.7107
1.6821
1.6597
1.5052
1.6666
nz
1.5534
1.7392
1.700
1.719
1.743
1.6705
1.6125
1.6326
1.6391
1.6723
1.6735
1.665
1.7251
1.6197
1.6487
1.768
1.6991
1.6726
1.6715
1.6734
1.507
1.610
1.673
1.597
1.6981
1.6730
1.7296
1.7188
1.7219
1.6712
1.6602
1.5176
1.6684
nDx
1.5534
1.7449
1.707
1.723
1.768
1.6775
1.6125
1.6326
1.6391
1.6723
1.6735
1.665
1.7251
1.6197
1.6487
1.806
1.7063
1.6795
1.6785
1.6804
1.512
1.610
1.674
1.612
1.7043
1.6860
1.7344
1.7231
1.7262
1.6781
1.6649
1.5176
1.6713
nDy
1.5835
1.7508
1.728
1.742
1.782
1.6995
1.6125
1.6407
1.6431
1.6610
1.6618
1.657
1.7135
1.6764
1.6766
1.823
1.7281
1.7024
1.7001
1.7026
1.518
1.653
1.678
1.621
1.7228
1.6879
1.7424
1.7315
1.7338
1.7003
1.6756
1.5176
1.6809
nDz
228.64
369.95
111.28
111.28
107.75
109.90
125.95
153.63
153.63
153.55
153.55
149.09
155.83
154.60
166.50
107.28
110.94
109.90
109.94
109.90
211.21
66.41
79.87
120.52
54.13
184.04
58.38
58.38
58.38
109.83
97.31
129.37
97.31
Vm
20.78
15.41
18.55
18.55
17.96
18.32
20.99
21.95
21.95
21.94
21.94
21.30
22.26
22.08
23.78
17.99
18.49
18.32
18.32
18.32
21.12
22.14
26.62
24.10
18.04
20.45
19.46
19.46
19.46
18.30
16.22
21.56
16.22
Vo
17.305
35.131
10.124
10.283
10.214
9.762
10.242
12.850
12.933
13.366
13.384
12.882
14.328
12.599
14.117
10.462
10.172
9.758
9.768
9.800
14.889
5.470
6.994
9.799
4.928
16.256
5.467
5.407
5.412
9.752
8.494
9.164
8.572
0.0090
0.0054
0.0080
0.0086
0.0114
0.0057
0.0071
0.0072
0.0072
0.0071
0.0070
0.0069
0.0078
0.0178
0.0117
0.0122
0.0055
0.0066
0.0059
0.0055
0.0067
0.0078
0.0074
0.0060
0.0068
0.0073
0.0067
0.0067
0.0073
0.0060
0.0056
0.0079
0.0051
0.7189
0.5047
0.5415
0.5281
0.5064
0.5628
0.6453
0.6181
0.6120
0.5809
0.5797
0.5872
0.5321
0.6460
0.6057
0.4826
0.5348
0.5632
0.5626
0.5594
0.7961
0.6334
0.5754
0.6454
0.5408
0.5676
0.5165
0.5259
0.5251
0.5631
0.5784
0.7901
0.5701
11.28
12.19
10.43
9.94
8.44
12.59
12.07
11.71
11.70
11.45
11.49
11.64
10.41
7.62
9.10
7.97
12.42
11.65
12.34
12.74
13.83
11.38
11.16
13.11
11.31
11.12
11.06
11.23
10.75
12.20
12.88
12.66
13.35
Eo
15.6
24.1
19.2
18.8
16.6
22.3
18.7
18.9
19.1
19.7
19.8
19.8
19.5
11.8
15.0
16.5
23.2
20.6
21.9
22.7
17.3
17.96
19.39
20.3
20.90
19.5
21.42
21.35
20.47
21.6
22.27
16.0
23.42
Ed
62
23
34
34
27
62
97
97
62
62
97
93
96
97
97
27
97
62
97
97
46
22
22
22
62
31
56
56
31
97
62
97
13
Year
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
AMMIAY
Ref.
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref.
Ref.
JOBPDE
JOAOD6
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
AMMIAY
Ref. 1
1
1
Ref.10A
Ref.
JOBPDE
Ref.10A
AMMIAY
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
Ref. 1
AMMIAY
HAMBA6
HAMBA6
AMMIAY
Ref.10A
Ref.
JOBPDE
ZEKRDZ
Coden
Rf
57
87
87
12
Rf
14
14
Rf
Rf
14
10
13
14
14
12
Rf
14
31
4
4
4
Rf
16
1
1
16
Rf
14
13
Vol
365
310
233
1767
3299
3299
414
414
3299
2246
1941
3299
3299
233
1027
1697
3299
1027
51
331
331
331
2173
488
137
137
488
1027
2966
3299
294
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1?
1
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2?
TABLE 1. Refractive index and dispersion data, listing refractive indices n x , n y , n z at , refractive indices n Dx , n Dy , n Dz at 589.3 nm, molar volume, V m , volume per O- atom, V o , and mean values of electronic polarizabilities
946
SHANNON ET AL.
1.5136
1.5115
1.5082
1.5130
1.5063
1.5091
1.527
1.527
1.5092
1.5076
1.524
1.524
1.5097
1.5147
1.526
1.526
1.5060
1.5103
1.7099
1.7099
1.5117
1.5203
1.5208
1.4741
1.4710
1.4705
1.4703
1.7020
1.4741
1.4710
1.4705
1.4703
1.7020
1.5117
1.5167
1.5168
1.8619
1.8457
1.4970
1.8356
1.8752
1.8801
1.8232
1.8595
1.8698
1.4970
1.8508
1.8404
1.528
1.8693
1.8327
1.8785
1.8513
1.8124
1.8731
1.528
1.6461
1.6277
leucosphenite
Narsarsuk, Greenland?
CaTiSiO5 :Fe titanite1 Pfitschtal
CaTiSiO5 :Al,Fe titanite2 Muttenhoernern
Ca1.0Ti1.0SiO*
5 titanite, light green
Eisbruckalp, Pfunders, Tirol
Ca1.0Ti1.0SiO*
5 titanite, light brown
Glimmerschiefer, St.Gotthard
Ca1.0Ti.98Mn.02SiO*
5 titanite Val Maggia, Tessin
Ca1.0Ti0.96Fe.04SiO*
5 titanite unknown source
Ca0.85Ti1.02Si1.04O
5 titanite Schwarzenstein,
Zillertal
Ca0.75Ti1.05Si1.07O
5 titanite
Wildkreuzjoch, Pfitsch, Tirol
Na4 Al3 Si3 O12Cl* sodalite Tiahuanaco
Na4 Al3 Si3 O12Cl* sodalite Tiahuanaco
Na4 Al3 Si3 O12Cl sodalite Vesuvius
Na4 Al3 Si3 O12Cl sodalite Vesuvius
*
Ca19Mg.1AlFeMg1.7Fe.6Si18O69OH10
vesuvianite Ala Valley
*
Ca18.1Mg.1Al4 FeAl5.2Mg1.6Fe 0.5Ti0.8Si18O69OH10
vesuvianite Val DAosta
Na.69K.16Ca.06Al.98Si1.02O*4 nepheline
Monte Somma, Mt. Vesuvius, xtal #2
Na.69K.16Ca.06Al.98Si1.02O*4
nepheline Monte Somma, Mt. Vesuvius, xtal #1
Larvik, #VII Norway
Monte Somma, #VII Mt. Vesuvius
KAlSi2 O
6 leucite,
cubic but with tetragonal cell Rome
CsAlSi2 O6 . x H2 O pollucite
Na.97K.02AlSi3 O*
8 albite Amelia FL 1250 K
Na.97K.02Ca.01Al.97Fe.01Mg.02Si3 O*
8
albite Rischuna FL 1250 K
K.90Na.10AlSi3 O*
8 adularia St. Gotthard
K.73Na.24Ca.03Al1.03Si2.97O*
8 orthoclase,
moonstone Ceylon
KAlSi3 O
8 orthoclase Madagascar
K.92Na.08Al.97Fe.03Si3 O*
8 orthoclase
Madagascar
KAlSi3 O8 microcline, green amazonite
K.85Na.15AlSi3 O*
8 sanidine Eifel
BaNa4 Ti2 B2 Si10O30
ny
nx
sample designations
1.5102
1.5133
1.5136
1.5122
1.5120
1.5168
1.5117
1.5265
1.5267
1.4970
1.525
1.524
1.521
1.522
1.7051
1.4741
1.4710
1.4705
1.4703
1.6992
1.8739
1.9233
2.0199
2.0028
1.9570
2.0049
1.9240
1.9345
1.6671
nz
1.5184
1.5208
1.5214
1.5193
1.5163
1.5224
1.5246
1.5285
1.5291
1.5087
1.541
1.540
1.537
1.538
1.7314
1.4831
1.4826
1.4839
1.4825
1.7224
1.9032
1.8876
1.9097
1.9159
1.8879
1.9004
1.8713
1.9057
1.6441
nDx
1.5221
1.5253
1.5258
1.5237
1.5199
1.5269
1.5246
1.5324
1.5330
1.5087
1.541
1.540
1.537
1.538
1.7314
1.4831
1.4826
1.4839
1.4825
1.7224
1.9057
1.8942
1.9178
1.9216
1.8941
1.9117
1.8761
1.9090
1.6607
nDy
1.5247
1.5254
1.5261
1.5242
1.5216
1.5289
1.5246
1.5386
1.5388
1.5087
1.537
1.536
1.534
1.535
1.7275
1.4831
1.4826
1.4839
1.4825
1.7209
1.9174
1.9796
2.1145
2.0529
2.0087
2.0959
1.9941
1.9913
1.6877
nDz
179.68
180.82
180.10
180.10
179.60
180.10
159.80
166.00
166.15
146.59
91.00
90.90
90.79
90.79
1432.70
349.92
349.92
349.92
349.92
1431.09
92.22
92.22
92.60
92.22
92.22
92.22
92.22
92.22
593.15
Vm
22.46
22.60
22.51
22.51
22.46
22.51
26.63
20.75
20.77
24.43
22.75
22.72
22.70
22.70
18.13
26.91
26.91
26.91
26.91
18.11
18.44
18.44
18.52
18.44
18.44
18.44
18.44
18.44
19.77
Vo
12.792
12.949
12.905
12.868
12.807
12.943
11.442
12.070
12.087
10.241
6.679
6.661
6.621
6.639
133.403
23.481
23.350
23.328
23.320
132.203
9.922
9.924
10.430
10.382
10.104
10.310
9.888
10.206
51.458
0.0085
0.0075
0.0076
0.0074
0.0063
0.0075
0.0079
0.0072
0.0073
0.0077
0.0072
0.0072
0.0075
0.0075
0.0068
0.0065
0.0085
0.0098
0.0089
0.0067
0.0097
0.0120
0.0104
0.0081
0.0091
0.0104
0.0115
0.0073
0.0065
0.7844
0.7779
0.7773
0.7804
0.7826
0.7740
0.7780
0.7611
0.7607
0.8058
0.7505
0.7524
0.7576
0.7552
0.5213
0.8524
0.8592
0.8603
0.8606
0.5281
0.4064
0.4076
0.3765
0.3757
0.3949
0.3813
0.4106
0.3863
0.5844
12.17
12.92
12.79
12.96
14.07
12.88
12.52
13.04
12.93
12.95
12.88
12.91
12.69
12.66
11.06
14.46
12.69
11.82
12.41
11.25
8.17
7.37
7.60
8.59
8.32
7.66
7.56
9.18
11.99
Eo
15.5
16.6
16.4
16.6
17.9
16.6
16.0
17.1
17.0
16.0
17.17
17.16
16.76
16.76
21
16.9
14.7
13.7
14.4
21
20.10
18.08
20.18
22.87
21.08
20.10
18.42
23.76
20.5
Ed
62
16
16
97
21
16
62
24
24
62
31
31
31
31
97
62
62
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
56
56
97
38
Year
Ref. 1
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
JOBPDE
TTMMDZ
MNLMBB
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 10A
Ref. 10A
JOBPDE
Ref. 10A
Ref. 10A
JOBPDE
Ref. 10A
Ref. 10A
HAMBA6
HAMBA6
Ref. 10A
Ref. 10C
Coden
Rf
17
17
14
35
17
Rf
61
61
Rf
22
22
22
22
14
14
Rf
Rf
14
1
1
Vol
2966
237
253
3299
231
253
2748
226
226
2791
569
569
569
569
3299
2597
2597
885
885
3299
1609
1609
3299
1609
1609
285
285
1609
293
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
2?
2
2?
2
1
2
1
3?
2?
1
1
4?

947
CaAl2 Si2 O8 anorthite Vesuvius FL?

CaAl2 Si2 O
8 anorthite hi-temp form FL?
CaAl2 Si2 O8 anorthite Mijakejima FL?
Ca0.96Na.05Al1.93Fe.02Si2.04O*
8 anorthite
Great Sitka Island FL?
CaAl2 Si2 O*
8 amorphous Corning
Na.56Ca.36K.08Al1.40 Si2.60O*
8
andesine Maeyama, Shinano, Japan
Na.75Ca.24K.01Al1.25Si2.75O*
8 oligoclase
Hawke Mine, Bakersville, NC
Ca.61Na.32K.05Al1.62 Fe.01Si2.37O*
8
labradorite County Down, Ireland
Ba.98K.02Al1.98Si2.02O8 celsian 1920
anomalous dispersion
Ba.93K.04Na.02Mg.01 Al1.98Fe.02Si2 O*
8
paracelsian
Benallt mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire
Ca3 Si2 O6 OH2 OH2 *
2 afwillite
Dutoitspan-Mine, Kimberley used 3 ns
Ca3 Si2 O6 OH2 OH2 *
2 afwillite
Dutoitspan-Mine, Kimberly used only 2 ns
Ca2 Al3 Si3 O12OH clinozoisite
Schwarzensteinalpe, Zillertal
Ca1.99Sr.01Al2.99Mg.01V.01Si3 O12OH* zoisite1
Merelani Hill, Arusha, Tanzania
Ca2.00Al3.00V.02Si2.98O12OH* zoisite2
Merelani Hills, Arusha, Tanzania
Ca1.90Mg.04Fe.06Al2.4Fe.6Si3 O12OH*
epidote Pfarreb, Zoptau
Ca2 Al2 FeSi3 O12OH* epidote pistazite,
Rauhbeerstein, Zoptau
Ca1.94Fe.06Al2.1Fe.9Si3 O12OH* epidote
Knappenwand, Sulzbachtal
Ca2.00Al2.46Fe.52Si3 O12OH* epidote Pakistan
Na2.67K.28Ca1.06Sr.01Al3.79Si8.19Fe.02Cl.76
*
CO3 .19SO4 .08 O24
scapolite
scapolite
Na,K3 CaAl4 Si8 Cl,CO3 O24
scapolite
scapolite
scapolite
scapolite Lago Tremorgio
CaUO2 UOOHSiO4 SiO3 OH4 H2O*
beta-uranophane Mitchell County, NC
sample designations
1.5666
1.5680
1.5679
1.5689
1.5609
1.5357
1.5317
1.5523
1.6168
1.5666
1.6067
1.6093
1.6990
1.6772
1.6775
1.7184
1.7438
1.7293
1.6969
1.5431
1.5694
1.5713
1.5754
1.5556
1.5714
1.676
1.5609
1.5315
1.5275
1.5477
1.6133
1.5472
1.6043
1.6076
1.6958
1.6752
1.6754
1.7022
1.7053
1.6957
1.6950
1.5431
1.5694
1.5713
1.5754
1.5556
1.5714
1.654
ny
1.5613
1.5591
1.5589
1.5600
nx

1.5391
1.5419
1.5457
1.5354
1.5412
1.676
1.6993
1.5318
1.7479
1.7617
1.7230
1.6846
1.6839
1.6997
1.6230
1.6206
1.5743
1.6227
1.5568
1.5354
1.5609
1.5393
1.5740
1.5714
1.5737
1.5729
nz
1.5833
1.5858
1.5904
1.5696
1.5850
1.663
1.7147
1.5569
1.7266
1.7287
1.7215
1.6914
1.6913
1.7139
1.6169
1.6175
1.5691
1.5885
1.5620
1.5403
1.5751
1.5449
1.5743
1.5737
1.5738
1.5743
nDx
1.5833
1.5858
1.5904
1.5696
1.5850
1.687
1.7191
1.5569
1.7573
1.7632
1.7423
1.6937
1.6933
1.7175
1.6204
1.6209
1.5829
1.5927
1.5661
1.5447
1.5751
1.5489
1.5824
1.5820
1.5818
1.5829
nDy
1.5516
1.5549
1.5590
1.5485
1.5531
1.697
1.7236
1.5449
1.7742
1.7794
1.7501
1.7010
1.7006
1.7191
1.6336
1.6340
1.5872
1.5984
1.5711
1.5480
1.5751
1.5528
1.5877
1.5871
1.5871
1.5876
nDz
353.37
227.84
552.19
227.80
227.80
227.80
225.40
225.80
225.80
214.83
214.83
186.52
183.95
167.00
166.40
172.05
166.90
167.51
167.51
167.51
167.51
Vm
22.08
17.52
22.09
17.52
17.52
17.52
17.34
17.37
17.37
21.48
21.48
23.31
22.99
20.87
20.80
21.50
20.86
20.94
22.51
22.51
20.94
Vo
31.464
20.955
41.318
21.578
21.863
21.354
20.316
20.342
20.793
17.859
17.794
14.455
15.378
12.744
12.301
13.299
12.414
13.069
13.048
13.061
13.069
0.0069
0.0072
0.0072
0.0073
0.0067
0.0050
0.0071
0.0076
0.0084
0.0059
0.0071
0.0056
0.0056
0.0060
0.0044
0.0059
0.6991
0.6958
0.6898
0.7151
0.6960
0.5608
0.5319
0.7303
0.5074
0.4965
0.5157
0.5496
0.5500
0.5309
0.6240
0.6275
0.6938
0.6186
0.0109
0.0087
0.7095
0.7433
0.6962
0.7365
0.6866
0.6884
0.6874
0.6867
0.0075
0.0074
0.0073
0.0075
0.0071
0.0074
0.0070
0.0072
12.72
12.47
12.34
12.51
12.93
13.44
10.94
12.42
9.81
11.62
10.74
12.58
12.53
11.86
15.01
13.08
11.32
9.51
12.32
12.71
12.35
12.50
12.45
12.19
12.49
12.38
Eo
18.20
17.92
17.89
17.49
18.58
23.9
20.5
17.0
19.3
23.4
20.8
22.8
22.7
22.3
24.0
20.8
16.3
15.
17.3
17.1
17.7
16.9
18.1
17.7
18.1
18.0
Ed
62
62
62
62
62
39
97
97
62
62
62
97
97
17
25
25
42
65
23
23
97
23
62
62
78
97
Year
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
AMMIAY
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
TTMMDZ
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
JOBPDE
MNLMBB
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
AMMIAY
JOBPDE
Coden
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
24
14
14
Rf
Rf
Rf
14
14
34
20
20
26
35
20
20
14
20
Rf
Rf
63
14
Vol
2852
2852
320
496
417
324
3299
3299
2983
2983
2983
3299
3299
23
277
277
231
508
93
93
3299
93
1751
4151
394
3299
Page
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
3?
1
1
1?
2?
2?
1
1
1
1
1
1
948
SHANNON ET AL.
CaUO2 UOOHSiO4 SiO3 OH4 H2O

beta-uranophane Jachymov, Joachimstal
Germanates
*
Na4 Ge9 O20
*
K2 Ge4 O9 synthetic-H. Weber
*
synthetic-H. Weber FL?
K2 Ge8 O17
*
Bi4 Ge3 O12
*
Bi4 Ge3 O12
*
Bi4 Ge3 O12
*
Bi4 Ge3 O12
*
Ca3 Ga2 Ge3 O12
*
CaY2 Mg2 Ge3 O12
*
Ca.90Y1.88Mg2.27Ge3 O12
*
CaY1.92Nd.08Zn2 Ge3 O12
*
Nd2.95Mg1.48In.68Ga1.54Ge1.32O12
*
Ca3 Ga2 Ge4 O14
*
Sr3 Ga2 Ge4 O14
Ba1.92Nd.04Ce.04MgGe2 O*
7
Ba1.99Nd.01ZnGe2 O*7
*
Pb5 Ge3 O11 FE 450 K
*
FE 450 K
Pb5 Ge3 O11
Tellurites
Bi2 TeO*
5
Titanates
Li2 Ti3 O*
7
CaTiO3
CaTiO
3
SrTiO*
3 FE FL 100 K
SrTiO*
3 FE FL 100 K
SrTiO*
3 FE FL 100 K
SrTiO*
3 FE FL 100 K
*
FE FL
SrTiO2.929
*
SrTiO3 FE FL 100 K
BaTiO*
3 FE 403 K FL 393 K
BaTiO*
3 FE 403 K FL 393 K
Ba.77Ca.23TiO*
3 FE FL
PbTiO*
3 FE 763 K
PbTiO*
3 FE 763 K
PbTiO*3 ceramic
Pb.88La.08Zr.80Ti.20O*3 ceramic
Pb.76La.16Ti.60Zr.40O*3 ceramic
sample designations
1.658
1.665
1.7026
1.6679
2.0267
2.0218
2.022
2.0338
1.8186
1.8137
1.8065
1.8646
1.9039
1.7701
1.7690
1.6833
1.732
2.0332
2.0275
2.2520
2.2204
1.5554
2.261
2.2675
2.2629
2.2647
2.2485
2.2950
2.268
2.2943
2.2957
2.2726
2.5617
2.5218
2.523
2.363
2.374
2.395
2.421
2.478
1.665
1.7026
1.6666
2.0267
2.0218
2.022
2.0338
1.8186
1.8137
1.8065
1.8646
1.9039
1.7701
1.7690
1.6833
1.732
2.0332
2.0275
2.2075
2.0496
1.5554
2.261
2.2675
2.2629
2.2647
2.2485
2.2950
2.268
2.2943
2.2957
2.2726
2.5617
2.5218
2.523
2.363
2.374
2.395
2.421
2.478
ny
1.653
nx
2.2883
1.3304
2.261
2.2675
2.2629
2.2647
2.2485
2.2950
2.268
2.2605
2.2613
2.2449
2.5617
2.5226
2.523
2.363
2.374
2.395
2.421
2.478
2.2760
1.675
1.7326
1.6757
2.0267
2.0218
2.022
2.0338
1.8186
1.8137
1.8065
1.8646
1.9039
1.7954
1.7876
1.7211
1.735
2.0661
2.0579
1.665
nz
2.1600
1.5849
2.407
2.4088
2.4145
2.4152
2.4053
2.4035
2.410
2.4408
2.4401
2.4197
2.7899
2.6955
2.693
2.498
2.509
2.543
2.575
2.656
2.3402
1.688
1.7273
1.6913
2.1077
2.1001
2.097
2.1083
1.8480
1.8410
1.8341
1.8975
1.9425
1.7996
1.7984
1.7089
1.752
2.1304
2.1262
1.661
nDx
2.3513
1.5849
2.407
2.4088
2.4145
2.4152
2.4053
2.4035
2.410
2.4408
2.4401
2.4197
2.7899
2.6955
2.693
2.498
2.509
2.543
2.575
2.656
2.3904
1.688
1.7273
1.6928
2.1077
2.1001
2.097
2.1083
1.8480
1.8410
1.8341
1.8975
1.9425
1.7996
1.7984
1.7089
1.752
2.1304
2.1262
1.681
nDy
2.4297
1.3358
2.407
2.4088
2.4145
2.4152
2.4053
2.4035
2.410
2.3833
2.3829
2.3708
2.7899
2.6848
2.693
2.498
2.509
2.543
2.575
2.656
2.4264
1.699
1.7591
1.7012
2.1077
2.1001
2.097
2.1083
1.8480
1.8410
1.8341
1.8975
1.9425
1.8239
1.8166
1.7477
1.764
2.1662
2.1606
1.689
nDz
141.19
56.03
56.03
59.20
59.20
59.20
59.20
59.33
59.20
64.60
64.60
63.30
63.14
63.14
63.14
69.73
68.22
68.67
65.89
63.09
131.85
417.82
198.19
395.50
291.60
291.60
291.60
291.60
229.89
233.00
233.01
237.50
253.10
280.00
299.28
194.43
193.48
325.12
325.12
353.37
Vm
20.17
18.68
18.68
19.70
19.70
19.70
19.70
20.25
19.70
21.50
21.50
21.10
21.05
21.05
21.05
23.24
22.74
22.89
21.96
21.03
26.37
20.88
22.02
23.26
24.30
24.30
24.30
24.30
19.16
19.42
19.42
19.79
21.09
20.00
21.38
27.77
27.64
29.47
29.47
22.08
Vo
18.790
3.803
7.734
8.196
8.179
8.185
8.124
8.317
8.198
9.007
9.012
8.747
9.792
9.665
9.668
10.062
9.888
10.036
9.727
9.511
18.065
37.188
18.540
35.273
35.420
35.308
35.313
35.581
23.860
24.077
23.921
25.641
28.197
28.006
29.839
17.859
18.494
39.930
39.767
31.093
0.0122
0.0127
0.0120
0.0115
0.0124
0.0123
0.0131
0.0087
0.0116
0.0110
0.0109
0.0115
0.0112
0.0092
0.0092
0.0096
0.0093
0.0098
0.0098
0.0102
0.0119
0.0082
0.0078
0.0087
0.0109
0.0106
0.0103
0.0099
0.0067
0.0063
0.0065
0.0067
0.0071
0.0074
0.0075
0.0084
0.0066
0.0125
0.0129
0.0066
0.2676
0.9026
0.2430
0.2415
0.2427
0.2422
0.2466
0.2343
0.2414
0.2375
0.2371
0.2426
0.1798
0.1865
0.1864
0.2186
0.2156
0.2111
0.2058
0.1945
0.2477
0.5605
0.5176
0.5589
0.3218
0.3239
0.3237
0.3189
0.4334
0.4368
0.4418
0.4037
0.3810
0.4624
0.4649
0.5335
0.4990
0.3147
0.3173
0.5711
5.92
10.65
5.70
5.78
5.60
5.62
5.50
6.58
5.77
5.87
5.90
5.81
5.06
5.70
5.71
6.04
6.09
5.87
5.80
5.53
5.77
10.44
10.33
10.13
6.88
6.98
7.10
7.17
10.15
10.50
10.41
9.84
9.27
9.99
9.96
10.10
10.96
6.34
6.27
11.79
Eo
22.1
11.80
23.44
23.96
23.07
23.21
22.29
28.09
23.92
24.71
24.90
23.93
28.14
30.55
30.61
27.61
28.24
27.79
28.18
28.41
23.2
18.6
19.9
18.1
21.3
21.5
21.9
22.4
23.4
24.0
23.5
24.3
24.3
21.6
21.4
18.9
21.9
20.1
19.7
20.6
Ed
84
78
58
86
78
79
95
95
65
71
86
97
73
71
77
77
77
77
77
77
94
82
00
95
72
95
71
96
97
79
97
97
97
87
87
97
90
72
97
39
Year
WLHPAR
Ref. 7
JCPSA6
Ref. 4
Ref. 7
Ref. 2B
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JAPIAU
Ref. 6
Ref. 4
PSSABA
JJAPA5
Ref. 6
APOPAI
APOPAI
APOPAI
APOPAI
APOPAI
APOPAI
PAOAE1
MRBUAC
Ref. 14
Ref. 12
JAPIAU
OPSUA3
Ref. 6
APOPAI
JOBPDE
PRBMDO
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JAPIAU
PSSABA
AMMIAY
Coden
16
16
16
16
16
16
159
12
Rf
40
40
36
28
33
1301
7-80
824
29
7-106
72b1
640
640
1674
509
24
559
531
513
3210
3210
3210
3210
3210
3210
839
5110
868
510
3562
3299
4343
3299
3299
3299
236
236
3299
1190
4907
559
43
79
35
14
20
14
14
14
32
32
14
7
43
159
1313
324
Page
17
24
Vol
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
5
1
1
1
1
1?
3
1
1
2
1
2?
3?
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3?
2
2
3?

949
Phosphates
AlPO*
4 berlinite synthetic
AlPO*
4 berlinite, 20 ppm H2 O synthetic
AlPO*
AlPO*
AlPO*
AlP3 O*
9
GaPO*
4
ScPO*4
YPO*4
TbPO*4
DyPO*4
HoPO*4
ErPO*4
TmPO*4
YbPO*4
LuPO*4
LuPO*4
Pb3 P2 O
8 Pb5 P3 O12F? composition uncertain, FL 453 K
Pb3 P2 O8 :2%CePO
4 Pb5 P3 O12F? composition uncertain, FL
Pb5 P3 O12Cl* pyromorphite, green Ems, Naussau
Pb5 P3 O12Cl* pyromorphite, brown Holzappel, Nassau
*
FL 419 K
NdP5 O14
*
FL 175 K
GdP5 O14
*
FL?
ErP5 O14
NaBePO*
4 beryllonite Stoneham, ME
NaBePO*
4 beryllonite Stoneham, ME
KGeOPO*
4
KTiOPO*
4 probable FE 1207 K
*
KTiOPO4 probable FE 1207 K
K.85Rb.15TiOPO*
4
RbTiOPO*
Li.95Ca.03Mg.02Fe.59Mn.41PO*4 triphylite Grafton, NH
*
fluorapatite
Ca4.91Na.08Y.04PO4 2.95SiO4 .03SO4 .02F1.90Cl.12
*
Ca4.95Mn.03Fe.02PO4 2.96F1.02 fluorapatite unknown source
Ca5 PO4 3 OH.6F.4 fluorapatite Zillertal, Tirol
*
fluorapatite Rotenkopf
Ca4.98Fe.02PO4 3 F.99Cl.01
Ca4.98Fe.02PO4 3 F* fluorapatite Knappenwand
*
montebrasite
Li.97Na.03AlPO4 OH.88F.12
Li1.93Na.04K.01Mg.02Al2 P2 O8 F.9OH1.1* montebrasite
Karibib, SW Africa
*
montebrasite Minas Gerais
Li1.0Al1.0P1.0O4 OH.98F.02
*
KH2 PO4 FE 123 K FL 220 K
Ba2 TiSi2 O*
8 fresnoite FE 670
sample designations
1.5140
1.5136
1.5136
1.5137
1.5136
1.5488
1.5862
1.696
1.636
1.657
1.663
1.660
1.660
1.660
1.661
1.659
1.68
1.9144
1.9157
1.9929
1.9944
1.5972
1.5883
1.6022
1.5459
1.5477
1.6472
1.7313
1.729
1.7337
1.7567
1.670
1.6218
1.6198
1.6313
1.6318
1.6253
1.6096
1.598
1.6160
1.4972
1.6083
1.4972
2.500
1.7379
ny
1.5140
1.5136
1.5136
1.5137
1.5136
1.5488
1.5862
1.696
1.636
1.657
1.663
1.660
1.660
1.660
1.661
1.659
1.68
1.9144
1.9157
1.9929
1.9944
1.5922
1.6135
1.6080
1.5404
1.5410
1.6420
1.7252
1.732
1.7304
1.7508
1.670
1.6218
1.6198
1.6313
1.6318
1.6253
1.6000
1.584
2.500
1.7379
nx

1.6347
1.4587
1.5226
1.5223
1.5224
1.5224
1.5223
1.5488
1.6036
1.894
1.810
1.842
1.844
1.843
1.837
1.832
1.837
1.834
1.74
1.8873
1.8832
1.9835
1.9841
1.6132
1.5778
1.5880
1.5531
1.5509
1.6553
1.8091
1.809
1.8117
1.8300
1.678
1.6186
1.6175
1.6275
1.6283
1.6227
1.6259
1.606
2.500
1.7390
nz
1.6290
1.4682
1.9701
1.9696
2.0585
2.0587
1.6067
1.6159
1.6076
1.5578
1.5590
1.6636
1.7780
1.777
1.7794
1.8057
1.688
1.6363
1.6348
1.6461
1.6462
1.6391
1.6219
1.608
1.9701
1.9696
2.0585
2.0587
1.6116
1.6298
1.6128
1.5519
1.5523
1.6585
1.7683
1.771
1.7722
1.7943
1.687
1.6363
1.6348
1.6461
1.6462
1.6391
1.6121
1.594
1.6211
1.4682
1.5244
1.5247
1.5244
1.5247
1.5246
1.5606
1.6008
1.718
1.652
1.677
1.682
1.678
1.676
1.678
1.676
1.675
2.669
1.7641
nDy
1.5244
1.5247
1.5244
1.5247
1.5246
1.5606
1.6008
1.718
1.652
1.677
1.682
1.678
1.676
1.678
1.676
1.675
2.669
1.7641
nDx
1.6480
1.5092
1.9363
1.9323
2.0477
2.0476
1.6285
1.6097
1.5954
1.5620
1.5624
1.6732
1.8724
1.874
1.8765
1.8947
1.694
1.6328
1.6323
1.6417
1.6417
1.6360
1.6387
1.616
1.5335
1.5339
1.5336
1.5338
1.5337
1.5606
1.6189
1.922
1.831
1.866
1.861
1.861
1.852
1.849
1.853
1.855
2.669
1.7617
nDz
80.54
96.85
77.34
77.34
77.34
77.34
77.34
161.73
76.65
62.57
71.25
73.07
72.10
71.35
70.65
70.00
69.30
68.67
68.67
301.10
301.10
316.58
316.58
256.90
250.81
248.54
75.10
75.11
99.45
108.89
108.89
108.99
111.26
73.24
262.65
261.57
262.00
262.00
262.00
80.54
80.54
63.59
189.00
Vm
16.11
24.21
19.34
19.34
19.34
19.34
19.34
17.97
19.16
15.64
17.81
18.27
18.02
17.84
17.66
17.50
17.32
17.17
17.17
23.16
23.16
24.35
24.35
18.35
17.91
17.75
18.77
18.78
19.89
21.78
21.78
21.80
22.25
18.31
20.53
20.32
20.15
20.15
20.15
16.11
16.11
21.20
23.62
Vo
6.751
6.619
5.585
5.581
5.582
5.582
5.581
12.278
6.192
6.159
6.531
6.880
6.822
6.735
6.655
6.582
6.532
6.457
6.336
33.582
33.569
37.530
37.561
21.006
20.296
20.282
5.681
5.682
8.640
10.646
10.662
10.692
11.135
6.552
22.046
21.908
22.255
22.272
22.097
6.682
6.542
9.661
18.164
0.0054
0.0076
0.0096
0.0094
0.0096
0.0094
0.0065
0.0114
0.0027
0.0059
0.0062
0.0064
0.0133
0.0130
0.0131
0.0128
0.0059
0.0060
0.0062
0.0059
0.0057
0.0056
0.0053
0.0047
0.0064
0.0068
0.0067
0.0068
0.0068
0.0063
0.0068
0.0063
0.0059
0.0064
0.0057
0.0056
0.0048
0.0055
0.0048
0.0054
0.0094
0.0071
0.6162
0.8596
0.3803
0.3806
0.3379
0.3374
0.6400
0.6506
0.6420
0.7187
0.7185
0.5826
0.4822
0.4806
0.4794
0.4631
0.5560
0.6147
0.6169
0.6035
0.6028
0.6102
0.6260
0.6469
0.7687
0.7694
0.7694
0.7693
0.7694
0.7149
0.6518
0.4839
0.5441
0.5208
0.5163
0.5185
0.5197
0.5211
0.5194
0.5214
0.1905
0.4947
13.47
13.46
7.96
8.04
7.51
7.57
12.53
9.53
19.62
13.99
13.66
12.07
7.62
7.69
7.66
7.62
12.27
12.81
12.57
12.81
13.06
13.22
13.73
14.83
13.83
13.41
13.56
13.44
13.49
13.42
12.41
11.04
12.12
11.39
12.02
12.20
13.19
12.26
13.12
12.39
5.69
10.53
Eo
21.85
15.65
20.9
21.1
22.2
22.4
19.5
14.6
30.5
19.46
19.01
20.72
15.8
16.0
15.9
16.4
22.07
20.8
20.3
21.2
21.6
21.6
21.93
22.92
18.00
17.42
17.62
17.48
17.53
18.7
19.04
22.82
22.27
21.87
23.29
23.53
25.37
23.54
25.26
23.76
29.86
21.2
Ed
97
69
65
97
97
97
97
97
97
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
76
23
23
31
31
97
87
87
62
97
94
91
94
94
93
33
97
97
62
08
08
54
46
77
77
Year
JOBPDE
Ref. 2A
JAPIAU
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
OMATET
JPCSAW
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
JOBPDE
WLHPAR
WLHPAR
Ref. 1
JOBPDE
CRTEDF
Ref. 8
CRTEDF
CRTEDF
PSISDG
Ref. 10B
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
NJGMA2
AMMIAY
APOPAI
JCRGAE
Coden
14
Rf
14
14
Rf
45
45
1954
31
29
29
1863
36
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
37
58
58
77
77
14
36
36
Rf
14
29
16
40
Vol
3299
93
1674
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
3299
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
321
226
226
437
437
3299
823
823
2556
3299
583
103
583
583
43
227
3299
3299
2850
555
555
257
51
3210
200
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
1
1
1
8
1
1
5
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4?
4?
4?
4?
4?
4?
4
2
2
1
1
1
1?
1?
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
3?
950
SHANNON ET AL.
CuUO2PO428 H2O metatorbernite

Vanadates
YVO*
4
YVO*
4
Y.976Nd.024VO*
4
Y.95Tm.05VO*4
YVO*4
Gd.987Nd.013VO*
4
Gd.96Tm.04VO*
4
*
Gd.7Er.3VO4
LuVO*4
Ca3 V2 O*
*
NaCa2 Mg2 V3 O12
*
NaCa2 Mg2 V3 O12
*
Sr5 V3 O12F
Pb5 V2.63As.30P.07O12Cl* vanadinite, yellow Hillsboro, NM
Pb5 V2.96As.02P.02O12Cl* vanadinite, red Gila County, AZ
Arsenates
YAsO*4
SmAsO*4
LuAsO*4
KTiOAsO*
4
KTiAsO*
4
KTiOAsO*
4
RbTiOAsO*
4
RbTiOAsO*
4
CsTiOAsO*
4
*
KH2 AsO4 FE 97 K
KH2 AsO*
4 FE 97 K
RbH2 AsO*
4 FE 110 K
CsH2 AsO*
4 FE 143 K
Pb5 As3 O9 Cl finnemanite
Pb4.95Ca.05As3 O12Cl* mimetite Wheal-Alfred, Cornwall
Pb4.92Ca.08As2.93P.07O12Cl* mimetite Tsumeb, SW Africa
NaD2AsO4D2O*
KH2 PO*
4 FE 123 K FL 220 K
RbH2 PO*
4 FE 147 K FL 144 K
RbH2 PO*
4 FE 147 K FL 144 K
RbH2 PO*
4 FE 147 K FL 144 K
PbHPO*4 FE 310 K
NaH2PO4H2O*
NaH2PO42 H2O*
Na2HPO47 H2O*
Na2HPO412 H2O*
Na4P2O710 H2O*
sample designations
1.70
1.72
1.83
1.7701
1.7708
1.7654
1.7934
1.7940
1.8441
1.5485
1.5446
1.5411
1.5511
2.1786
2.0619
2.0584
1.5362
1.9387
1.9330
1.9407
1.901
1.99
1.9468
1.9421
1.9521
1.97
1.8376
1.8741
1.8720
1.8067
2.2477
2.2596
1.9387
1.9330
1.9407
1.901
1.99
1.9468
1.9421
1.9521
1.97
1.8376
1.8741
1.8720
1.8067
2.2477
2.2596
1.70
1.72
1.83
1.7664
1.7679
1.7692
1.7883
1.7892
1.8341
1.5485
1.5446
1.5411
1.5511
2.1786
2.0619
2.0584
1.5212
1.4975
1.4936
1.4937
1.4874
1.782
1.4720
1.4507
1.4304
1.4231
1.4403
1.594
ny
1.4975
1.4936
1.4937
1.4874
1.782
1.4433
1.4296
1.4290
1.4193
1.4376
1.594
nx
1.76
1.73
1.85
1.8458
1.8470
1.8488
1.8591
1.8596
1.8953
1.5016
1.5016
1.5064
1.5310
2.1814
2.0459
2.0433
1.5423
2.1391
2.1322
2.1431
2.249
2.01
2.1547
2.1550
2.1576
2.00
1.8177
1.8741
1.8720
1.7911
2.2132
2.2190
1.4587
1.4662
1.4660
1.4661
1.846
1.4738
1.4679
1.4404
1.4239
1.4484
1.603
nz
1.8919
1.9342
1.9339
1.8576
2.4051
2.4112
1.8919
1.9342
1.9339
1.8576
2.4051
2.4112
1.8206
1.8210
1.8193
1.8450
1.8455
1.9023
1.5671
1.5630
1.5583
1.5688
2.2977
2.1469
2.1434
1.5535
2.0164
2.0145
2.0223
2.0164
2.0145
2.0223
1.8139
1.8150
1.8141
1.8358
1.8365
1.8866
1.5671
1.5630
1.5583
1.5688
2.2977
2.1469
2.1434
1.5381
2.0022
2.0011
1.9996
2.003
1.5093
1.5054
1.5054
1.5052
1.822
1.4852
1.4628
1.4423
1.4361
1.4524
1.624
nDy
2.0022
2.0011
1.9996
2.003
1.5093
1.5054
1.5054
1.5052
1.822
1.4556
1.4400
1.4411
1.4320
1.4499
1.624
nDx
1.9137
1.9144
1.9194
1.9279
1.9276
1.9698
1.5178
1.5164
1.5211
1.5472
2.2866
2.1282
2.1261
1.5606
1.8682
1.9342
1.9339
1.8416
2.3427
2.3469
2.2563
2.2566
2.2594
2.2285
2.2246
2.2269
2.419
1.4682
1.4764
1.4764
1.4767
1.885
1.4873
1.4814
1.4525
1.4373
1.4603
1.626
nDz
78.50
82.94
75.17
116.42
116.42
116.42
119.31
119.31
123.62
104.12
104.12
113.65
125.75
317.21
338.63
338.63
117.25
79.70
79.70
79.70
79.72
79.80
82.61
82.39
81.49
76.90
183.28
241.51
241.51
322.12
338.96
338.96
96.85
105.60
105.60
105.60
89.30
111.02
136.80
264.60
386.25
407.50
421.07
Vm
19.62
20.73
18.79
23.28
23.28
23.28
23.86
23.86
24.72
26.03
26.03
28.41
31.43
24.40
26.05
26.05
23.45
19.93
19.93
19.93
19.93
19.95
20.65
20.60
20.37
19.27
22.90
20.12
20.12
24.78
26.07
26.07
24.21
26.40
26.40
26.40
22.32
22.20
22.79
24.05
24.14
23.97
21.05
Vo
7.402
7.848
7.926
11.816
11.829
11.820
12.328
12.335
13.272
7.713
7.681
8.375
9.483
42.073
41.910
41.828
8.691
9.548
9.510
9.565
9.623
9.504
9.966
9.920
9.860
9.056
19.231
26.277
26.232
32.919
46.243
46.461
6.622
7.218
7.218
7.165
9.141
7.300
8.766
16.426
23.437
25.745
34.250
0.0129
0.0128
0.0131
0.0124
0.0123
0.0122
0.0100
0.0098
0.0094
0.0093
0.0111
0.0106
0.0107
0.0099
0.0114
0.0115
0.0119
0.0118
0.0126
0.0121
0.0109
0.0113
0.0109
0.0102
0.0109
0.0095
0.0164
0.0076
0.0078
0.0078
0.0107
0.0093
0.0099
0.0096
0.0105
0.0119
0.0101
0.0121
0.4520
0.4511
0.4518
0.4378
0.4373
0.4084
0.7425
0.7467
0.7475
0.7222
0.2666
0.3097
0.3109
0.7406
0.4252
0.3981
0.3993
0.4454
0.2500
0.2473
0.3304
0.3320
0.3284
0.3349
0.3376
0.3338
0.3370
0.8322
0.8315
0.8316
0.8398
0.4447
0.8778
0.9097
0.9487
0.9782
0.9263
0.6447
7.48
7.51
7.42
7.51
7.53
7.31
10.87
11.05
11.29
11.14
6.19
6.84
6.82
10.95
7.72
7.42
7.32
7.77
5.62
5.71
6.95
6.85
6.94
7.26
7.05
7.51
5.74
13.19
13.07
13.03
11.21
8.73
11.93
12.28
12.03
11.45
12.09
9.24
Eo
16.5
16.6
16.4
17.1
17.2
17.9
14.6
14.8
15.1
15.4
23.2
22.0
21.9
14.7
8.1
18.6
18.3
17.4
22.4
23.1
21.03
20.65
21.14
21.67
20.87
22.51
17.03
15.85
15.7
15.6
13.3
19.63
13.5
13.5
12.6
11.7
13.0
14.3
Ed
76
87
76
93
95
94
93
96
93
64
87
87
87
62
31
31
62
90
97
78
93
76
95
95
95
76
78
97
97
95
31
31
64
67
67
67
88
62
62
62
62
62
62
Year
JPCSAW
JPCSAW
JPCSAW
PSISDG
JOBPDE
CRTEDF
PSISDG
JOBPDE
PSISDG
Ref. 11B
FEROA8
FEROA8
FEROA8
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
REKEDA
JOBPDE
JAPIAU
JAPNDE
JPCSAW
SJQEAF
SJQEAF
SJQEAF
JPCSAW
OPCOB8
JOBPDE
JOBPDE
Ref. 13
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
JOSAAH
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JPSOAW
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Coden
72
72
72
Rf
77
77
Rf
37
48
37
1863
12
29
1863
13
1863
77
77
18
14
49
32
37
25
25
25
37
27
14
14
54
11
11
12
21
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Vol
321
509
321
43
794
583
43
1935
43
187
95
95
95
288
437
437
2577
616
3299
5517
1651
321
1162
1162
1162
321
393
3299
3299
604
437
437
1215
711
711
383
1661
2577
2577
2577
2577
2577
317
Page
3
3
7
5
1
1
5
1
5
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
3
1
1
1
3
5
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
5
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3?
4
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2?
4
1
1
1
1
1
4

951
Na2HAsO47H2O*
Mn6.5Ca.25Mg.25As2 O8 OH*
8 allactite Langbanshuttan
Antimonates
Ca1.0Na.8Mn.2Sb2 O*
7 atopite Miguel Burnier, Minas Gerais
Niobates
LiNbO*
3 FE 1483 K FL 1470 K
LiNbO*
3 Li:Nb 0.946:1 poled crystal FE 1493 K FL 1470 K
LiNbO*
3 vapor-grown crystal FE 1493 K
LiNbO*
3 congruent melt FE 1493 K
Li.97Mg.03NbO*
3 FE FL
Li.95Mg.05NbO*
3 FE FL
KNbO*
3 FE 691 K
KNbO*
3 FE 691 K
KNbO*
3 FE 691 K
Sr2 Nb2 O*7 FE 1615 K
Sr2 Nb2 O*7 FE 1615 K
LaNbO*4 FL 792 K
*
Cs8 Nb22O59
Ba.25Sr.75Nb2 O*
6 FE 333 K
Ba.25Sr.75Nb2 O*6 FE 333 K
Ba.39Sr.61Nb2 O*6 FE 348 K
Ba.39Sr.61Nb2 O*6 FE 348 K
Ba.5Sr.5Nb2 O*
6 FE 403 K
Ba.54Sr.46Nb2 O*6 FE
Ba.67Sr.33Nb2 O*6 FE
Ba.75Sr.25Nb2 O*6 FE 473 K
*
FE 703 K
K3 Li2 Nb5 O15
*
FE 418 K
Sr4.25Na1.25Li.25Nb10O30
*
Ba3 LaNb3 O12
*
FE 833 K FL
Ba2 NaNb5 O15
*
FE 518 K
Ba6 Ti2 Nb8 O30
*
FE 813 K
PbNb4 O11
PbMg.333Nb.666O*3 FE 265 K
PbMg.333Nb.666O3 FE 400 K
PbZn.333Nb.667O*3 FE 400 K
*
FE 723 K
Pb2 KNb5 O15
Tantalates
LiTaO*
3 FE 938 K FL 895 K
LiTaO*
3 FE 938 K FL 895 K
LiTaO*
3 melt-grown FE 938 K
LiTa.92Nb.08O*
3 melt-grown FE
LiTa.81Nb.19O*
3 melt-grown FE
KTaO*
3 FE
KTa.66Nb.34O*3 FE
sample designations
1.4512
1.7494
1.8016
2.2093
2.2040
2.2075
2.2044
2.2011
2.1994
2.2196
2.1877
2.1877
2.00
2.00
2.053
2.13
2.226
2.217
2.220
2.218
2.223
2.220
2.220
2.219
2.1697
2.2148
2.187
2.2238
2.219
2.2671
2.422
2.49
2.421
2.2712
2.1156
2.1167
2.1159
2.1263
2.1320
2.1413
2.191
1.8016
2.2093
2.2040
2.2075
2.2044
2.2011
2.1994
2.1879
2.0923
2.0923
2.09
2.09
2.136
2.13
2.226
2.217
2.220
2.218
2.223
2.220
2.220
2.219
2.1697
2.2237
2.187
2.2251
2.219
2.2637
2.422
2.49
2.421
2.3134
2.1156
2.1167
2.1159
2.1263
2.1320
2.1413
2.191
ny
1.4475
1.7300
nx

2.1193
2.1204
2.1203
2.1223
2.1266
2.1413
2.191
2.1311
2.1314
2.1218
2.1316
2.1235
2.1219
2.0931
2.2180
2.2180
2.09
2.09
2.036
2.08
2.167
2.205
2.191
2.195
2.193
2.186
2.182
2.228
2.0857
2.1911
2.049
2.1454
2.190
2.2908
2.422
2.49
2.421
2.3230
1.8016
1.4632
1.7490
nz
2.1859
2.1862
2.1863
2.1986
2.2057
2.2425
2.302
2.563
2.3883
2.563
2.4486
2.1859
2.1862
2.1863
2.1986
2.2057
2.2425
2.302
2.3036
2.3002
2.3010
2.2998
2.2949
2.2946
2.3504
2.2957
2.3478
2.06
2.06
2.105
2.25
2.326
2.328
2.327
2.330
2.327
2.328
2.329
2.330
2.2954
2.3228
2.270
2.3376
2.333
2.3844
2.581
1.8384
1.4657
1.7786
nDy
2.3036
2.3002
2.3010
2.2998
2.2949
2.2946
2.2968
2.1810
2.2952
2.17
2.17
2.200
2.25
2.326
2.328
2.327
2.330
2.327
2.328
2.329
2.330
2.2954
2.3347
2.270
2.3389
2.333
2.3819
2.581
1.8384
1.4622
1.7744
nDx
2.1902
2.1904
2.1912
2.1950
2.1987
2.2425
2.302
2.563
2.4623
2.2113
2.2144
2.2000
2.2138
2.2035
2.2027
2.1824
2.3487
2.1810
2.16
2.16
2.087
2.18
2.322
2.316
2.297
2.299
2.287
2.286
2.280
2.265
2.1755
2.2994
2.104
2.2295
2.294
2.4103
2.581
1.8384
1.4781
1.7787
nDz
52.85
52.85
52.85
52.97
52.97
63.40
63.41
53.03
53.08
53.08
53.08
53.03
53.03
64.72
64.72
64.72
149.35
150.95
83.29
1408.40
121.45
121.45
122.38
122.38
123.00
123.25
124.08
122.14
317.10
587.30
268.97
309.63
629.56
242.96
66.38
66.38
66.97
313.02
135.80
274.40
336.14
Vm
17.62
17.62
17.62
17.65
17.65
21.13
21.14
17.68
17.69
17.69
17.69
17.68
17.68
21.58
21.58
21.58
21.53
21.56
20.82
23.47
20.24
20.24
20.40
20.40
20.50
20.54
20.67
20.36
21.14
19.58
22.41
20.64
20.98
22.09
22.13
22.13
22.32
20.87
19.40
24.94
21.01
Vo
6.777
6.781
6.779
6.823
6.843
8.240
8.460
7.047
7.041
7.038
7.042
7.018
7.012
8.528
8.524
8.524
18.523
18.721
10.424
180.236
16.329
16.383
16.487
16.487
16.592
16.590
16.691
16.549
41.223
79.102
34.953
41.459
84.771
33.735
9.803
10.049
9.887
44.025
13.879
17.739
32.456
0.0080
0.0079
0.0080
0.0081
0.0081
0.0107
0.0107
0.0091
0.0101
0.0088
0.0091
0.0088
0.0090
0.0089
0.0091
0.0109
0.0106
0.0108
0.0088
0.0088
0.0069
0.0124
0.0110
0.0102
0.0099
0.0101
0.0093
0.0098
0.0097
0.0079
0.0118
0.0101
0.0079
0.0098
0.0102
0.0097
0.0101
0.0087
0.0116
0.0081
0.2873
0.2869
0.2871
0.2845
0.2827
0.2789
0.2632
0.2057
0.2326
0.2659
0.2669
0.2673
0.2668
0.2684
0.2689
0.2715
0.2712
0.2718
0.3088
0.3088
0.3032
0.2893
0.2587
0.2565
0.2574
0.2575
0.2566
0.2579
0.2582
0.2540
0.2793
0.2576
0.2804
0.2614
0.2577
0.2398
0.2056
0.4452
0.8978
0.4865
7.58
7.63
7.57
7.50
7.48
6.47
6.29
6.02
6.06
6.94
6.86
6.98
6.89
6.94
6.89
6.32
6.39
6.35
7.49
7.49
8.37
6.12
6.14
6.34
6.45
6.38
6.64
6.50
6.52
7.16
6.17
6.39
7.55
6.53
6.35
6.28
5.71
9.05
11.14
9.82
Eo
26.38
26.58
26.38
26.38
26.48
23.18
23.88
29.26
26.0
26.11
25.69
26.10
25.81
25.86
25.63
23.29
23.58
23.36
24.2
24.2
27.61
21
23.7
24.7
25.0
24.7
25.8
25.2
25.2
28.2
22.0
24.8
26.9
25.0
24.6
26.1
27.78
20.3
12.4
20.1
Ed
65
96
77
77
77
76
66
67
74
90
76
91
92
92
74
74
97
89
70
78
68
84
84
96
68
84
84
68
71
81
86
70
73
71
74
76
81
75
33
62
33
Year
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
JCRGAE
JCRGAE
JCRGAE
JUPSUA
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
JAPIAU
IEJQA7
OPCOB8
SJQEAF
CPLEEU
JOBPDE
JJAPA5
JJAPA5
FEROA8
JUPSUA
OPSUA3
JCRGAE
JAPIAU
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
PSSABA
JAPIAU
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JAPIAU
Ref. 6
WHLPAR
INOMAF
PLRBAQ
JPCSAW
Ref. 6
SPSSA7
SPSSA7
Ref. 2C
JAPIAU
Ref. 10B
Ref. 1
Ref. 10B
Coden
36
80
42
42
42
41
37
15
18
Rf
46
30
22
2
34
38
45
26
17
21
9
9
13
13
203
58
28
43
39
29
29
154
39
29
29
39
Rf
Vol
1674
6561
579
579
579
888
388
1941
3688
135
332
225
427
380
1362
1362
75
398
38
115
343
641
641
K5
343
641
641
343
517
1259
401
2709
1639
513
2006
1851
78K13
2361
392
2577
1181
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
8
1
3
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
3
5?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4?
2
1
3
1
3
2
3
5
4
2
TABLE 1. Refractive index and dispersion data, listing refractive indices n x , n y , n z at , refractive indices n Dx , n Dy , n Dz at 589.3 nm, molar volume,V m , volume per O- atom, V O , and mean values of electronic polarizabilities
952
SHANNON ET AL.
thoreaulite
La.294Sr.706Al.647Ta.353O*
3 synthetic-Mateika
La.272Sr.728Al.648Ta.352O*
3 synthetic-Hu
Nd.390Sr.610Al.695Ta.305O*
3 synthetic-Mateika
*
pyrochlore
Pb2 Sc0.5Ta1.5O6.5
*
Ba3 LaTa3 O12
SbNb.43Ta.57O*
4 stibiotantalite, probably FE 673 K
SbNb.69Ta.31O*
4 stibiotantalite, probably FE 673 K
Sulfates
Na2 SO*
4 thenardite synthetic?
K2 SO*
4 arcanite synthetic? FL?
Rb2 SO*
4
Cs2 SO*
4
*
Tl2 SO4
CaSO*
4 anhydrite
SrSO*
4 celestite
BaSO*
4 barite
PbSO*
4 anglesite
PbSO*
4 anglesite Monte Poni
Fe2 SO4 *3
Fe2 SO4 *3 orthorhombic in LB but probably monoclinic
KLiSO*4 FL 190, 900, 940 K
RbLiSO*
4 Phase IV, RT FE 439 K
K2 Mg2 SO4 *
3 langbeinite
K2 Co2 SO4 *
3 FL
K2 Cd2 SO4 *3 FL 430 K
Rb2 Cd2 SO4 *
3 FE 129 K FL 129 K
Tl2 Cd2 SO4 *
3 FE 129 K FL 128 K
FeSO4 OH*
Li2 SO4H2 O*
MgSO4 7 H2 O* epsomite
CaSO4 2 H2 O* gypsum
FeSO4 OH2 H2 O* butlerite synthetic
Fe2 SO4 3 7 H2 O* cornellite synthetic
NiSO4 6 H2 O* retgersite synthetic
CuSO4 5 H2 O* chalcanthite synthetic
Pr2 SO4 3 8 H2 O*
Nd2 SO4 3 8 H2 O*
Sm2 SO4 3 8 H2 O*
K2 UO2 SO4 2 2 H2 O*
K2 MgSO4 2 6 H2 O*
K2 FeSO4 2 6 H2 O*
K2 CoSO4 2 6 H2 O*
K2 NiSO4 2 H2 O*
K2 CuSO4 2 6 H2 O*
SnTa2 O*6
sample designations
2.309
1.9846
1.9838
1.9922
2.292
2.100
2.2835
2.2907
1.4635
1.4855
1.5031
1.5517
1.8188
1.5640
1.6109
1.6240
1.8465
1.8451
1.701
1.738
1.4634
1.4718
1.5243
1.5886
1.577
1.5795
1.7029
1.734
1.4672
1.4440
1.5113
1.633
1.553
1.4973
1.5225
1.5348
1.5360
1.5369
1.510
1.4523
1.4709
1.4754
1.4803
1.4738
1.4573
1.4843
1.5031
1.5474
1.8124
1.5586
1.6092
1.6229
1.8414
1.8403
1.701
1.727
1.4634
1.4700
1.5243
1.5886
1.575
1.5795
1.7029
1.727
1.4522
1.4225
1.5094
1.557
1.545
1.4973
1.5008
1.5258
1.5274
1.5288
1.499
1.4500
1.4649
1.4695
1.4724
1.4713
ny
2.268
1.9846
1.9838
1.9922
2.292
2.100
2.2624
2.2797
nx
1.4768
1.4879
1.5042
1.5534
1.8349
1.6011
1.6174
1.6340
1.8566
1.8560
1.692
1.742
1.4623
1.4700
1.5243
1.5886
1.577
1.5795
1.7029
1.825
1.4761
1.4486
1.5190
1.681
1.593
1.4746
1.5288
1.5450
1.5467
1.5477
1.545
1.4641
1.4851
1.4884
1.4923
1.4891
2.372
1.9846
1.9838
1.9937
2.292
1.972
2.3344
2.3319
nz
1.4669
1.4934
1.5131
1.5598
1.8604
1.5698
1.6214
1.6362
1.8780
1.8775
1.770
1.802
1.4722
1.4796
1.5341
1.6074
1.590
1.5936
1.7296
1.783
1.4615
1.4326
1.5207
1.587
1.572
1.5107
1.5140
1.5399
1.5412
1.5427
1.514
1.4606
1.4757
1.4806
1.4835
1.4835
2.388
2.0256
2.0243
1.8212
2.477
2.161
2.3744
2.3976
nDx
1.4730
1.4947
1.5133
1.5644
1.8676
1.5755
1.6231
1.6374
1.8834
1.8827
1.770
1.814
1.4722
1.4818
1.5341
1.6074
1.592
1.5936
1.7296
1.805
1.4765
1.4555
1.5227
1.678
1.586
1.5107
1.5367
1.5493
1.5503
1.5521
1.527
1.4628
1.4821
1.4864
1.4916
1.4863
2.418
2.0256
2.0243
1.8212
2.477
2.161
2.4045
2.4193
nDy
1.4809
1.4973
1.5144
1.5662
1.8857
1.6137
1.6303
1.6480
1.8945
1.8943
1.760
1.818
1.4717
1.4804
1.5341
1.6074
1.593
1.5936
1.7296
1.917
1.4863
1.4607
1.5304
1.749
1.640
1.4870
1.5436
1.5608
1.5619
1.5629
1.571
1.4754
1.4969
1.5001
1.5050
1.5019
2.499
2.0256
2.0243
1.8224
2.477
2.021
2.4575
2.4592
nDz
88.57
108.76
122.13
141.28
123.56
76.40
76.79
86.66
79.59
79.59
217.17
205.80
98.94
105.10
243.97
244.25
266.89
279.60
279.96
84.02
103.63
243.47
123.65
132.75
387.47
210.72
181.27
419.68
417.50
417.03
291.37
330.20
332.69
328.88
323.40
327.50
115.64
57.89
57.77
56.76
150.56
269.13
80.28
78.03
Vm
22.14
27.19
30.53
35.32
30.89
19.10
19.20
21.66
19.90
19.90
18.09
17.15
24.74
26.27
20.33
20.35
22.23
23.31
23.26
16.80
20.73
22.13
20.61
18.96
20.39
21.07
20.14
20.98
20.87
20.85
24.28
23.59
23.76
23.49
23.10
23.39
16.52
19.19
19.26
18.91
23.16
22.43
20.07
19.51
Vo
5.855
7.453
8.626
10.758
12.863
6.023
6.377
7.333
8.475
8.468
19.994
19.726
6.506
7.008
17.829
19.640
21.095
22.199
25.915
8.270
6.841
15.269
8.876
11.185
30.072
14.537
13.100
31.202
31.113
31.131
21.078
21.407
22.306
22.215
21.998
22.134
16.362
6.839
6.821
6.742
21.077
33.324
11.246
10.966
0.0074
0.0064
0.0065
0.0067
0.0109
0.0057
0.0053
0.0055
0.0078
0.0079
0.0206
0.0203
0.0069
0.0074
0.0058
0.0087
0.0075
0.0067
0.0084
0.0181
0.0072
0.0096
0.0070
0.0180
0.0172
0.0088
0.0085
0.0082
0.0081
0.0082
0.0114
0.0085
0.0082
0.0081
0.0080
0.0089
0.0091
0.0062
0.0062
0.0074
0.0139
0.0073
0.0095
0.0098
0.8750
0.8279
0.7933
0.7117
0.4311
0.6769
0.6250
0.6072
0.4140
0.4146
0.5307
0.4967
0.8768
0.8602
0.7555
0.6563
0.6737
0.6689
0.5264
0.4773
0.8725
0.9364
0.7754
0.6167
0.6935
0.8206
0.7683
0.7368
0.7347
0.7328
0.7681
0.8943
0.8539
0.8451
0.8362
0.8443
0.2294
0.3402
0.3407
0.4528
0.2348
0.3108
0.2350
0.2330
13.78
14.37
13.96
13.02
7.97
13.74
13.69
13.27
9.21
9.14
6.41
6.26
14.26
13.63
14.42
11.01
11.99
12.60
10.00
6.49
13.87
12.51
13.28
7.40
8.03
12.19
12.04
12.01
12.07
11.94
10.36
12.97
12.89
12.92
12.93
12.32
6.34
9.33
9.37
9.88
5.19
8.27
6.30
6.18
Eo
15.75
17.3
17.5
18.3
18.4
20.30
21.91
21.85
22.25
22.05
12.0
12.6
16.26
15.8
19.0
16.7
17.7
18.8
18.9
13.60
15.9
13.3
17.1
11.9
11.5
14.8
15.6
16.2
16.4
16.3
13.4
14.5
15.1
15.2
15.4
14.5
27.6
27.43
27.51
21.81
22.1
26.6
26.83
26.52
Ed
34
62
62
62
08
11
11
62
11
23
22
22
29
94
87
87
84
87
87
22
67
62
62
22
22
62
42
62
62
62
19
62
13
62
62
62
60
97
01
97
98
86
06
06
Year
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
JACSAT
JACSAT
ZEKRDZ
OPSUA3
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
SPSSA7
SPHCA6
SPHCA6
JACSAT
JAPIAU
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
JACSAT
JACSAT
Ref. 1
SMPTA8
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
CIWPAV
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 10D
JOBPDE
CPLEEU
JOBPDE
CRTEDF
INOMAF
AJSCAP
AJSCAP
Coden
87
Rf
Rf
Rf
44
49
49
Rf
49
58
44
44
71
75
32
32
26
32
32
44
38
Rf
Rf
44
44
Rf
22
Rf
Rf
Rf
298
Rf
52
Rf
Rf
Rf
14
18
14
33
22
22
22
Vol
43
2742
1567
2742
138
14
14
4046
14
460
1965
1965
141
473
76
76
2222
76
76
1965
4365
2533
2652
1965
1965
2737
1
1769
1769
1769
207
2743
433
2743
4088
2743
390
3299
278
3299
119
1208
61
61
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
4
3
2
2

953
K2 ZnSO4 2 6 H2 O
Rb2 MgSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Rb2 FeSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Rb2 CoSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Rb2 NiSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Rb2 CuSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Rb2 ZnSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Cs2 MgSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Cs2 MnSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Cs2 FeSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Cs2 CoSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Cs2 CuSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Cs2 ZnSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Tl2 FeSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Tl2 CoSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Tl2 NiSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Tl2 CuSO4 2 6 H2 O*
Tl2ZnSO426 H2O*
NaAlSO4 2 12 H2O*
KAlSO4 2 12 H2O*
KAlSO4 2 12 H2O*
KCrSO4 2 12 H2O
KFeSO4 2 12 H2O
KGaSO4 2 12 H2O
RbAlSO4 2 12 H2O
RbCrSO4 2 12 H2O
RbFeSO4 2 12 H2O
RbGaSO4 2 12 H2O
RbInSO4 2 12 H2O
CsAlSO4 2 12 H2O
CsCrSO4 2 12 H2O
CsFeSO4 2 12 H2O
CsGaSO4 2 12 H2O
CsInSO4 2 12 H2O
TlAlSO4 2 12 H2O
TlCrSO4 2 12 H2 O
TlFeSO4 2 12 H2O
TlGaSO4 2 12 H2O
Selenites and Selenates
LiHSeO*3
K2 SeO*
4 FE 93 K
Rb2 SeO*
4
SeO*
4
*
Tl2 SeO4
sample designations
1.4720
1.4583
1.4760
1.4806
1.4845
1.4785
1.4771
1.4743
1.4847
1.4917
1.4967
1.4934
1.4930
1.5866
1.5942
1.6001
1.5866
1.5866
1.4274
1.4447
1.4453
1.4685
1.4657
1.4538
1.4453
1.4682
1.4662
1.4541
1.4517
1.4473
1.4682
1.4679
1.4534
1.4531
1.4827
1.5060
1.5043
1.4916
1.632
1.5247
1.5391
1.5830
1.8922
1.561
1.5212
1.5369
1.5827
1.8834
ny
1.4667
1.4567
1.4701
1.4750
1.4780
1.4767
1.4723
1.4739
1.4830
1.4887
1.4938
1.4920
1.4904
1.5711
1.5789
1.5847
1.5767
1.5723
1.4274
1.4447
1.4453
1.4685
1.4657
1.4538
1.4453
1.4682
1.4662
1.4541
1.4517
1.4473
1.4682
1.4679
1.4534
1.4531
1.4827
1.5060
1.5043
1.4916
nx

1.643
1.5301
1.5434
1.5834
1.8976
1.4844
1.4671
1.4859
1.4897
1.4932
1.4910
1.4857
1.4802
1.4903
1.4974
1.5010
1.5024
1.4971
1.5918
1.5996
1.6047
1.5958
1.5934
1.4274
1.4447
1.4453
1.4685
1.4657
1.4538
1.4453
1.4682
1.4662
1.4541
1.4517
1.4473
1.4682
1.4679
1.4534
1.4531
1.4827
1.5060
1.5043
1.4916
nz
1.580
1.5352
1.5515
1.5991
1.9490
1.4774
1.4672
1.4815
1.4858
1.4895
1.4886
1.4833
1.4855
1.4946
1.5003
1.5055
1.5047
1.5021
1.5930
1.6010
1.6025
1.5997
1.5930
1.4387
1.4562
1.4560
1.4813
1.4815
1.4653
1.4565
1.4814
1.4822
1.4657
1.4637
1.4585
1.4809
1.4836
1.4648
1.4652
1.4974
1.5226
1.5234
1.5066
nDx
1.655
1.5390
1.5538
1.5998
1.9588
1.4832
1.4689
1.4873
1.4915
1.4960
1.4906
1.4883
1.4857
1.4964
1.5035
1.5084
1.5061
1.5047
1.6093
1.6176
1.6186
1.6097
1.6092
1.4387
1.4562
1.4560
1.4813
1.4815
1.4653
1.4565
1.4814
1.4822
1.4657
1.4637
1.4585
1.4809
1.4836
1.4648
1.4652
1.4974
1.5226
1.5234
1.5066
nDy
1.669
1.5446
1.5583
1.6002
1.9636
1.4967
1.4780
1.4977
1.5012
1.5051
1.5036
1.4975
1.4915
1.5024
1.5093
1.5130
1.5152
1.5092
1.6166
1.6238
1.6225
1.6191
1.6166
1.4387
1.4562
1.4560
1.4813
1.4815
1.4653
1.4565
1.4814
1.4822
1.4657
1.4637
1.4585
1.4809
1.4836
1.4648
1.4652
1.4974
1.5226
1.5234
1.5066
nDz
73.80
120.10
133.26
152.48
132.19
327.13
344.94
346.80
341.76
339.74
343.00
343.24
364.50
373.04
368.06
363.40
363.70
363.89
346.79
343.19
338.78
344.00
342.82
455.43
449.28
449.28
453.51
458.89
452.40
458.78
462.84
467.60
462.05
479.66
471.94
477.23
480.59
476.72
492.39
457.32
461.03
466.00
463.85
Vm
24.60
30.02
33.31
38.12
33.05
23.37
24.64
24.77
24.41
24.27
24.50
24.52
26.04
26.64
26.29
25.96
25.98
25.99
24.77
24.51
24.20
24.57
24.49
22.78
22.46
22.46
22.67
22.94
22.62
22.94
23.14
23.38
23.10
23.98
23.60
23.86
24.03
23.84
24.62
22.87
23.05
23.30
23.19
Vo
6.125
8.791
9.978
12.166
14.580
21.963
22.584
23.408
23.251
23.255
23.347
23.210
24.549
25.569
25.519
25.394
25.361
25.269
27.675
27.683
27.538
27.575
27.394
27.938
28.530
28.563
30.124
30.325
29.236
29.167
30.727
30.929
29.877
30.874
30.121
31.682
31.888
30.785
31.778
31.164
32.700
32.958
32.104
0.0096
0.0084
0.0081
0.0078
0.0121
0.0082
0.0082
0.0082
0.0078
0.0081
0.0085
0.0081
0.0082
0.0081
0.0079
0.0078
0.0084
0.0079
0.0108
0.0105
0.0081
0.0106
0.0103
0.0101
0.0096
0.0088
0.0095
0.0118
0.0091
0.0092
0.0098
0.0119
0.0092
0.0096
0.0091
0.0095
0.0117
0.0091
0.0096
0.0102
0.0105
0.0120
0.0100
0.6288
0.7539
0.7294
0.6640
0.3882
0.8522
0.8822
0.8458
0.8365
0.8294
0.8359
0.8436
0.8482
0.8277
0.8145
0.8055
0.8079
0.8127
0.6640
0.6534
0.6458
0.6595
0.6627
0.9638
0.9199
0.9183
0.8646
0.8708
0.8981
0.9183
0.8653
0.8697
0.8974
0.9030
0.9135
0.8654
0.8661
0.8990
0.8997
0.8345
0.7887
0.7918
0.8165
10.25
12.00
11.98
11.65
7.16
12.86
13.10
12.83
13.10
12.83
12.51
12.95
12.85
12.78
12.84
12.87
12.40
12.80
9.94
9.96
11.32
9.95
10.16
12.34
12.40
12.88
12.10
10.88
12.54
12.62
11.90
10.83
12.50
12.24
12.64
12.07
10.90
12.59
12.24
11.42
10.97
10.26
11.41
Eo
16.30
15.9
16.4
17.5
18.4
15.0
14.8
15.1
15.6
15.4
14.9
15.3
15.1
15.4
15.7
15.9
15.3
15.7
14.9
15.2
17.5
15.0
15.3
12.8
13.4
14.0
13.9
12.4
13.9
13.7
13.7
12.4
13.9
13.5
13.8
13.9
12.5
14.0
13.6
13.6
13.9
12.9
13.9
Ed
84
62
62
62
08
62
62
13
62
62
62
62
62
62
13
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
10
62
62
33
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
Year
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
PPSAAM
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Coden
169
Rf
Rf
Rf
44
Rf
Rf
52
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
52
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
83
Rf
Rf
85
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Rf
Vol
249
2744
2744
2744
138
2743
2743
433
2743
2743
2743
2743
2743
2743
433
2743
2743
2743
1572
1571
1571
1572
211
3797
3798
169
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
189
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
954
SHANNON ET AL.
Cs2
NiSeO4 6 H2 O*
ZnSeO4 6 H2 O*
K2 MgSeO4 2 6 H2O*
K2 CuSeO4 2 6 H2O*
Rb2 MgSeO4 2 6 H2O*
Cs2 MgSeO4 2 6 H2O*
KAlSeO4 2 12 H2O
KAlSeO4 2 12 H2O
Molybdates
CaMoO*
4
CaMoO*
4
CaMoO*
4
*
SrMoO4
SrMoO*
4
CdMoO*
4
PbMoO*
4 wulfenite
*
PbMoO4 wulfenite
PbMoO*
4 wulfenite
PbMoO*
4 wulfenite
Pb2 MoO*
5
*
Bi6 Mo2 O15
*
Bi2 Mo3 O12
*
Bi2 Mo3 O12
Ce2 Mo3 O12
FL 1233 K
Nd2 Mo3 O12
*
FE 432 K FL 432 K
Gd2 Mo3 O12
*
FE 432 K FL 432 K
Gd2 Mo3 O12
*
FE 435 K
Tb2 Mo3 O12
Li.286Gd.571MoO*
4
Tungstates
*
CaWO4
CaWO*
4
CaWO*
4
SrWO*
4
BaWO*
4
ZnWO*
4
ZnWO*
4
ZnWO*
4
*
PbWO4 stolzite
PbWO*4
NaYWO4 2
NaLaWO4 2
Chlorates and Perchlorates
NaClO*
3
sample designations
1.5226
1.5132
1.4855
1.5034
1.4894
1.5039
1.4666
1.4663
1.9287
1.9432
1.9367
1.8649
1.8628
2.1292
2.2508
2.2525
2.2491
2.2371
2.0936
2.222
2.187
2.047
1.9657
1.9622
1.8018
1.7990
1.8095
1.9922
1.8816
1.8812
1.8828
1.8289
1.8102
2.1201
2.1198
2.1164
2.1622
2.155
1.94
1.93
1.5022
1.9287
1.9432
1.9367
1.8649
1.8628
2.1292
2.2508
2.2525
2.2491
2.2371
2.0848
2.233
2.165
2.065
1.9657
1.9622
1.8014
1.7990
1.8090
1.9922
1.8816
1.8812
1.8828
1.8289
1.8102
2.1058
2.1018
2.1026
2.1622
2.155
1.94
1.93
1.5022
ny
1.5226
1.5132
1.4832
1.4954
1.4876
1.5036
1.4666
1.4663
nx
1.5022
1.8951
1.8948
1.8958
1.8368
1.8077
2.2475
2.2467
2.2435
2.1009
2.112
1.94
1.92
1.9345
1.9479
1.9441
1.8670
1.8654
2.1062
2.1705
2.1853
2.1756
2.1684
2.1944
2.197
2.265
2.245
1.9567
1.9618
1.8492
1.8461
1.8556
1.9838
1.4969
1.4890
1.4995
1.5161
1.4991
1.5093
1.4666
1.4663
nz
1.5152
1.9196
1.9184
1.9203
1.8618
1.8426
2.1767
2.1740
2.1756
2.2704
2.246
1.94
1.94
1.9789
1.9916
1.9909
1.9083
1.9078
2.2190
2.4152
2.4061
2.4103
2.4090
2.1885
2.370
2.284
2.210
2.0347
2.0186
1.8445
1.8427
1.8538
2.0567
1.5391
1.5288
1.4967
1.5098
1.5011
1.5177
1.4806
1.4800
nDx
1.5152
1.9196
1.9184
1.9203
1.8618
1.8426
2.1934
2.1925
2.1935
2.2704
2.246
1.94
1.94
1.9789
1.9916
1.9909
1.9083
1.9078
2.2190
2.4152
2.4061
2.4103
2.4090
2.1965
2.361
2.329
2.182
2.0347
2.0186
1.8449
1.8427
1.8542
2.0567
1.5391
1.5288
1.4991
1.5182
1.5030
1.5178
1.4806
1.4800
nDy
1.5152
1.9359
1.9347
1.9359
1.8719
1.8405
2.3412
2.3386
2.3403
2.1817
2.170
1.95
1.96
1.9891
2.0012
2.0005
1.9132
1.9125
2.1916
2.2788
2.2830
2.2795
2.2767
2.3260
2.323
2.478
2.424
2.0221
2.0168
1.8983
1.8964
1.9063
2.0489
1.5122
1.5036
1.5138
1.5318
1.5134
1.5235
1.4806
1.4800
nDz
23.69
20.79
166.35
71.08
19.53
19.53
19.53
21.73
25.22
16.58
16.58
16.58
22.23
22.23
20.53
24.12
24.12
23.84
19.04
246.36
289.50
289.50
286.17
77.44
78.10
78.10
78.10
86.91
100.90
66.33
66.33
66.33
88.92
88.92
19.51
19.51
19.51
21.65
21.65
18.59
22.36
22.36
22.36
22.36
27.59
24.44
20.05
20.05
22.08
22.29
24.89
24.66
25.96
27.52
23.75
23.75
Vo
78.03
78.03
78.03
86.62
86.62
74.37
89.42
89.42
89.42
89.42
137.97
366.59
240.62
240.62
220.82
222.92
348.42
345.30
363.55
385.24
475.04
475.04
Vm
5.009
18.856
8.580
8.577
8.587
9.124
10.386
8.698
8.690
8.681
11.560
11.553
28.652
30.016
29.942
29.862
9.178
8.871
8.963
8.927
9.359
9.344
9.561
12.128
12.164
12.131
12.070
17.765
49.557
32.341
30.891
15.872
15.788
24.023
24.449
25.181
27.306
31.444
31.427
0.0084
0.0074
0.0073
0.0073
0.0074
0.0076
0.0082
0.0082
0.0086
0.0104
0.0086
0.0009
0.0038
0.0088
0.0083
0.0091
0.0088
0.0091
0.0098
0.0126
0.0117
0.0123
0.0132
0.0121
0.0120
0.0139
0.0160
0.0105
0.0088
0.0101
0.0104
0.0103
0.0095
0.0098
0.0097
0.0093
0.0095
0.0092
0.0089
0.0104
0.0103
0.7959
0.3911
0.3913
0.3905
0.4247
0.4398
0.2747
0.2753
0.2759
0.2790
0.2794
0.3620
0.3692
0.3667
0.3594
0.3623
0.4032
0.4043
0.2857
0.2538
0.2519
0.2535
0.2565
0.2855
0.2554
0.2591
0.2890
0.3506
0.3509
0.4346
0.4365
0.4297
0.3381
0.7744
0.7908
0.8210
0.7909
0.8156
0.7894
0.8689
0.8696
12.32
9.17
9.25
9.23
9.58
9.64
7.31
7.32
7.17
6.55
7.23
25.76
12.39
8.17
8.35
7.96
8.54
8.41
6.84
5.67
5.88
5.74
5.57
6.15
5.84
5.47
5.37
7.29
7.97
8.29
8.21
8.17
7.53
11.22
11.43
11.85
11.53
11.90
11.89
11.54
11.63
Eo
15.48
23.44
23.65
23.63
22.55
21.9
26.60
26.58
26.00
23.49
25.87
71.17
33.5
22.28
23.22
21.98
21.17
20.80
23.94
22.35
23.33
22.62
21.72
21.5
22.8
21.1
18.5
20.80
22.7
19.0
18.8
19.0
22.27
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.5
15.0
13.2
13.3
Ed
10
65
63
77
77
77
65
64
89
77
97
72
72
78
65
77
65
77
77
78
62
62
77
70
74
74
99
23
23
71
79
86
77
62
62
62
23
62
62
33
62
Year
NJGAAY
JAPIAU
JOSAAH
SJOTBH
SJOTBH
SJOTBH
JAPIAU
APOPAI
WLHPAR
SJOTBH
NIMAER
INOMAF
INOMAF
Ref. 7
JAPIAU
SJOTBH
JAPIAU
SJOTBH
SJOTBH
Ref. 7
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
SJOTBH
JOSAAH
MRBUAC
MRBUAC
Ref. 15
ZEKRDZ
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 6
Ref. 2B
Ref. 3
SPHCA6
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Ref. 1
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
Coden
29
36
53
44
44
44
36
3
38
44
385
8
8
22
Rf
58
58
Rf
Rf
44
60
9
9
36
44
36
44
44
Rf
Rf
Rf
58
Rf
Rf
85
Rf
Vol
53
1674
1286
542
542
542
1674
1084
670
542
209
1957
1957
7-79
1674
542
1674
542
542
7-94
353
2810
542
1375
41
41
525
226
226
511
69N5
155
371
2737
2737
2112
40
2112
2112
169
189
Page
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4?
5?
5
1
1?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
2
1
1?
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

955

1.4647
1.4616
1.4696
1.6202
1.5894
1.4711
1.5954
1.789
1.8414
1.8439
1.7831
1.7812
1.5917
1.9078
1.549
1.509
1.5910
1.5782
1.5954
1.789
1.8414
1.8439
1.6629
1.6627
1.5917
1.7986
1.589
1.545
1.5867
1.5715
ny
1.4640
1.4606
1.4661
1.6186
1.5560
1.4711
nx
1.482
1.5997
1.5876
1.7041
1.7065
1.7855
1.7834
1.6129
1.9248
1.587
1.5954
1.835
1.4678
1.4645
1.4711
1.6288
1.6089
1.4281
nz
Interference method.
Brewster method.
Unknown or other.
E
Error.
M
Method.
*Composition well-known synthetic crystals or analyzed minerals.
Refractive index accurate to 0.00010.0010.

1
Prism method.
2
Immersion method.
3
Reflectivity data, classical oscillator model, Kramers-Kronig analysis.
4
Ellipsometry method.
5
Critical angle method.
LiClO4 3 H2 O*
Bromates
NaBrO*
3
AgBrO3
Iodates and Periodates
LiIO3 -alpha*
LiIO3 -alpha*
KIO3 -alpha*
KIO3 -alpha*
KIO*
4
HIO*
3 alpha iodic acid IO2 OH
KIO2 F*2
Chromates
MgCrO47 H2O
Cs2MgCrO426 H2O*
Rb2MgCrO426 H2O*
KClO*
4
RbClO*
4
CsClO*
4
TlClO*
4
SrClO3
2
sample designations
1.568
1.6376
1.6224
1.8868
1.8870
1.6976
1.6968
1.6205
1.8436
1.615
1.6168
1.847
1.4730
1.4691
1.4752
1.6427
1.5667
1.4832
nDx
1.550
1.6432
1.6338
1.8868
1.8870
1.8342
1.8334
1.6205
1.9687
1.565
1.6168
1.847
1.4736
1.4701
1.4788
1.6446
1.6045
1.4832
nDy
245.97
381.95
359.98
67.18
67.18
88.90
88.90
103.46
62.99
105.18
75.14
74.54
90.96
100.91
115.97
102.10
134.31
140.73
Vm
22.36
27.28
25.70
22.59
22.59
29.63
29.63
25.86
21.00
26.29
25.14
24.84
22.74
25.22
28.99
25.52
22.38
20.10
Vo
17.620
30.876
28.564
6.828
6.844
8.593
8.581
8.436
6.870
8.298
6.099
7.637
6.009
6.626
7.709
8.590
10.742
9.146
0.0209
0.0227
0.0244
0.0100
0.0095
0.0124
0.0126
0.0133
0.0111
0.0104
0.0096
0.0149
0.0068
0.0066
0.0068
0.0100
0.0066
0.0090
0.7800
0.6511
0.6697
0.4539
0.4521
0.4941
0.4952
0.6428
0.3986
0.6761
0.6471
0.4436
0.8713
0.8786
0.8637
0.6126
0.6628
0.8933
7.73
6.77
6.63
8.51
8.75
7.97
7.94
8.78
7.57
10.22
10.39
6.90
14.35
14.64
14.21
9.90
12.69
12.61
Eo
9.9
10.4
9.9
18.75
19.34
16.13
16.04
13.6
18.99
15.1
16.05
15.55
16.47
16.6
16.4
16.1
19.1
14.1
Ed
Error limits.
0.00010.0005.
2
0.0006 0.0010.
3
0.00110.0050.
4
0.00510.0100.
5
0.0100.
6
Not given.
7
Doubtful.
?
Dispersion, A, not consistent with like compounds or structural family trends.
??
Probably contains Fe.
1.521
1.6555
1.6444
1.7390
1.7394
1.8379
1.8363
1.6476
1.9956
1.611
1.6168
1.920
1.4768
1.4732
1.4804
1.6542
1.6256
1.4384
nDz
31
12
12
77
76
96
92
62
68
74
10
31
26
26
26
34
62
96
Year
Ref. 11A
MNLMBB
MNLMBB
OPCOB8
PLRBAQ
Ref. 2D
CPLEEU
Ref. 1
APPLAB
JCPSA6
NJGAAY
Ref. 11A
PPSAAM
PPSAAM
PPSAAM
ZEKRDZ
Ref. 1
JAPIAU
Coden
16
16
23
14
Rf
9
Rf
12
60
29
111
111
111
87
Rf
80
Vol
228
175
175
279
1693
87Y4
77
466
186
2470
53
205
462
462
462
43
4065
6097
Page
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
TABLE 1. Refractive index and dispersion data, listing refractive indices n x , n y , n z at , refractive indices n Dx , n Dy , n Dz at 589.3 nm, molar volume,V m , volume per O- atom, V O , and mean values of electronic polarizabilities
956
SHANNON ET AL.
957
TABLE 2. Comparison of n values determined by prism methods and reflectivity methods

Compound
MgF2
CaF2
SrF2
BaF2
ZnF2
PbF2
P42 /mnm
Fm3m
Fm3m
Fm3m
P42 /mnm
Fm3m
KMgF3
KNiF3
KMnF3
Pm3n
Pm3n
Pm3n
RbMnF3
Cu2 O
Pm3n
Pn3m
ZnO
EuO
Al2 O3
Er2 O3
m
Fm3
c
R3
Ia3
SiO2
GeO2
P31 21
P42/mnm
TiO2
P42/mnm
ThO2
m
Fm3
CeO2
UO2
m
Fm3
m
Fm3
Tb3 Ga5 O12

Y3 Fe5 O12
Be2 SiO4
Mg2 SiO4
Bi4 Si3 O12
Bi4 Ge3 O12
YVO4
PbMg.33Nb.67O3
a
Deltaa
Delta
Delta
IR-prism ellips-prism Interf-prism
Space group Prism method Reflectivity Error Ellipsometer Error Interference method
n
n
n
d
Ia3
R3
Pmnb
I41 /amd
Pm3m
1.3761
1.4255
1.4306
1.4655
1.4963
1.7248
1.7272
1.3975
1.4382
2.27
1.9150
1.904
1.960
1.7496
1.923
1.930
1.5353
1.9546
1.957
2.506
2.490
2.0679
2.07
2.12
2.16
1.9335
2.1287
2.165
1.6448
1.6455
1.6365
1.9674
2.0267
2.0338
2.0055
1.9994
2.422
1.38
1.430
1.44
1.47
1.503
1.58
1.58
1.43
1.52
1.44
1.45
1.59
2.54
2.55
2.57
.01
0.01
.01
.01
0.01
.01
.01
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.05
1.4827
1.4745
1.903
1.903
2.30
1.78
0.08
1.538
2.05
0.005
0.012
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.34
0.03
1.7480
1.95
1.95
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.13
2.36
0.05
0.23
1.932
2.15
2.15
1.66
1.66
1.650
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.002
0.02
0.01
0.014
1.9559
2.0218
2.00
2.00
2.49
0.002
0.03
0.02
0.003
0.09
0.09
2.46
2.46
2.20
2.20
2.31
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.14
0.14
0.03
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.12
0.27
0.28
0.30
0.001
0.01
0.00
0.07
0.011
0.005
0.012
Boldfaced values refer to discrepancies greater than experimental values.
of the plot at , gives n (11/B) 1/2. In Appendix 2,

we give alternative forms of this equation. The n values
derived from Eq. 3a are necessary for the correct application of the LorenzLorentz relation to obtain ion polarizabilities. The values of n derived in this paper from one-term
Sellmeier analyses of data from the visible region results in
n that comes only from electronic transitions. This n is
distinctly different from the dielectric n derived from the
dielectric constant on 2 , obtained in the kHzMHz region
where both lattice vibrations and electronic transitions contribute to the dielectric constant. This is shown graphically
by Tropf et al. 1995 in their Fig. 1, p. 33.13 and is illustrated numerically by the value of refractive indices of quartz
where from optical data, n 1.547, and from dielectric

constant data at 1 kHz, n 2.135 Shannon, 1993.
An alternative form Wemple and DiDomenico 1971;
Wemple 1973, 1977 is
n 2 1E dE o /E 2o 2 ,
3b
where in a single oscillator model the photon energy,

E othe average single oscillator Sellmeier energy gap in
eV, and E d the average oscillator strength in eV, which
measures the average strength of interband optical transitions
and E d is related to physical parameters by the expression
E d N cZ aN e , where N c is the cation coordination number,
Z a is the formal valence of the anion, N e is the effective
SHANNON ET AL.
958
TABLE 3. Inconsistent dispersion values
A
Compound
NaF
Cs2 SiF6
Na2 GeF6
Cs2 GeF6
BaMgF4
Cu2 O
Y2 O3
Y2 O3
Y2 O3
As2 O3
Sb2 O3
SrB4 O7
Gd.99Nd.01Al3 B4 O12
MgAl2 O4 1.15% Co
SrLaAlO4
Gd3 Sc2 Al3 O12
Y3 Ga5 O12
Tm3 Ga5 O12
LaEr3 ScGa3 O12
SrGdGa3 O7
Y3 Fe5 O12
SiO2
ZrSiO4
Al2 SiO4 F2
Mn2 SiO4
CaMnSiO4
Fe1.7Mn.1Mg.2SiO4
Zn2 SiO4
ZrSiO4
Al2 SiO5
Ca2.7Mg.2Fe.1Al1.8Fe.2Si3 O12
Ca2 CoSi2 O7
Li.95Na.05Al.95Fe.05Si2 O6
CaTiSiO5
CaTiSiO5
Na4 Al3 Si3 O12Cl
Na4 Al3 Si3 O12Cl
K.9Na.1AlSi3 O8
KAlSi3 O8
Ba.93K.04Na.02Al2 Si2 O8
Ca3 Si2 O6 OH2 OH2 2
Ca2 Al2 FeSi3 O12OH
Cu6 Si6 O186 H2O
Pb9 Mg9 Si9 O24OH24
CaUO2 UOOHSiO4 SiO3 OH)4 H2O
Ba1.99Nd.01ZnGe2 O7
TiO2
TiO2
SrTiO2.929
PbTiO3
PbTiO3
ThO2
Mineral
cuprite
arsenolite
senarmontite
spinel
smoky quartz
zircon
topaz
tephroite
fayalite
willemite
zircon
sillimanite
grossular
spodumene
titanite
titanite
sodalite
sodalite
adularia
microcline
paracelsian
afwillite
epidote
dioptase
molybdophyllite
beta-uranophane
beta-uranophane
rutile
rutile
ceramic
ceramic
RbH2 PO4
DyPO4
HoPO4
ErPO4
TmPO4
YbPO4
Reference
16
10
Eo
Ed
eV
eV
Accuracy indexa
78 Ref. 7 7-105
35 ZPCBAL 31 292
82 INOMAF 18 570
35 ZPCBAL 31 292
75 JAPIAU 46 4645
79 JJAPA5 18 1043
91 Ref. 9 1079
91 Ref. 9 1079
56 ANCHAM 28 2023
62 Ref. 1 Rf 2565
62 Ref. 1 Rf 204
95 OMATET 4 669
96
98
101
117
75
86
126
62
53
87
80
40
15.0
13.4
14.4
11.7
13.8
5.5
7.1
9.9
10.8
9.6
8.0
14.3
11.1
12.2
11.0
11.8
15.3
33.9
18.0
25.8
27.6
19.0
25.0
28.2
2
3
2
3
3
5
2
2
3
3
5
1
high
high
high
high
high
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
98
62
96
73
87
82
84
91
65
40
48
39
66
80
70
42
94
271
14.0
13.1
12.2
9.8
8.9
9.2
11.7
8.7
4.0
28.8
25.4
33.6
24.5
22.5
24.8
32.5
19.5
14.8
1
1
5
5
3
3
2
3
3
low
low
low
high
high
high
low
high
high
97 NJMIAK 11 259
62 Ref. 1 Rf 514
62 Ref. 1 Rf 4071
32 AMMIAY 17 135
76
69
37
98
12.5
9.4
16.3
8.8
16.9
24.6
26.7
18.5
1
1
1
3
high
high
low
high
32 AMMIAY 17 135
09 ZEKRDZ 46 138
23 ZEKRDZ 58 460
03 ZEKRDZ 37 235
62 Ref. 1 Rf 4085
62 Ref. 1 Rf 235
97 JOBPDE 14 3299
13 ZEKRDZ 13 294
97 Ref. 10A 1609
97 Ref. 10A 1609
62 Ref. 1 Rf 2597
97 Ref. 10A 885
21 TTMMDZ 35 231
62 Ref. 1 Rf 2966
42 MNLMBB 26 231
25 MNLMBB 20 277
62 Ref. 1 Rf 2983
62 Ref. 1 Rf 2889
38 Ref. 10C 368
39 AMMIAY 24 324
39 AMMIAY 24 324
90 JOBPDE 7 1190
97 OPLEDP 22 1808
79 JJAPA5 18 1043
95 SPHCA6 40 640
71 Ref. 6 513
77 APOPAI 16 3210
64 OPACAT 11 287
90
85
81
64
67
35
178
51
73
91
65
98
63
85
87
44
59
66
80
50
66
66
152
84
87
92
92
44
9.9
9.2
10.5
9.7
11.8
15.0
7.6
13.3
9.2
8.3
14.5
11.8
14.1
12.2
11.3
15.0
11.6
11.8
9.7
13.4
11.8
11.0
4.6
6.3
6.6
5.7
5.7
10.5
17.9
20.5
18.9
25.7
20.3
30.7
11.8
23.4
23.8
21.1
17.0
13.7
18.0
15.5
16.3
24.1
23.4
20.6
20.5
24.0
20.6
22.0
23.0
30.3
28.1
30.5
30.6
34.5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3?
5
5
1
2
3
3
high
high
high
high
high
low
high
low
low
low
low
high
low
high
high
low
low
low
low
?
?
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
67
00
00
00
00
00
107
57
56
48
55
48
11.2
12.0
12.2
13.2
12.3
13.1
13.3
23.3
23.5
25.4
23.5
25.3
2
4
4
4
4
4
high
low
low
low
low
low
CHSCBU 43 1973
Ref. 1 Rf 173
PSSBBD 195 625
JAPIAU 44 1395
Ref. 5 314
JCRGAE 57 600
SPHCA6 29 704
JOBPDE 8 1668
BJAPJA 16 475
SPHCA6 12 383
OMATET 15 103
OMATET 15 103
OMATET 15 103
OMATET 15 103
OMATET 15 103
959
TABLE 3. Inconsistent dispersion valuesContinued
A
Compound
LuPO4
GdP5 O14
ErP5 O14
Li1.93Na.04Mg.02Al2 P2 O8 F.9OH1.1
Y.95Tm.05VO4
Cs8 Nb22O59
Ba.75Sr.25Nb2 O6
KAlSO4 ) 2 12 H2O
Tl2 NiSO4 ) 2 6 H2O
CaMoO4
Nd2 Mo3 O12
PbWO4
NaYWO4 2
a
Mineral
montebrasite
stolzite
Reference
10
16
Eo
Ed
eV
eV
Accuracy indexa
00 OMATET 15 103
87 WLHPAR 36 823
87 WLHPAR 36 823
46 AMMIAY 31 51
93 JAPNDE 32 1651
78 JCRGAE 43 115
68 JAPIAU 39 343
54
114
27
47
164
124
79
12.4
9.5
19.6
14.8
5.7
6.1
7.2
23.8
14.6
30.6
22.9
17.0
21.1
28.2
4
1
1
3
3
5
4
low
high
low
low
high
high
low
62
62
65
23
97
72
96
81
83
88
86
9
12.4
11.3
8.4
8.0
7.2
25.8
13.5
17.5
23.2
22.7
25.9
71.2
1
1
1
1
4
5
high
low
low
low
low
low
Ref. 1 Rf 3798
Ref. 1 Rf 1571
JAPIAU 36 1674
ZDKRDZ 58 226
NIMAER 385 209
INOMAF 8 1957
Accuracy index defined in Table 1.
number of valence electrons/anion, 0.26 for ionic compounds, and 0.37 for covalent compounds. These parameters were analyzed for more than 100 compounds byWemple and DiDomenico 1971. The scheme was found to
work well for simple single-bond halides and oxides as well
as a number of more complex multibond oxides containing
two cations of differing coordination. However, it was necessary to assume covalent character ( 0.37) for scheelitetype molybdates and tungstates and several iodates and carbonates. In this paper we consider both single-bond and
multibond oxides and fluorides.
In general, dispersion parameters are not identical for light
polarized along the different axes of uniaxial and biaxial
crystals. This results in dispersion parameters that vary with
the crystal orientation. However, for simplicity in the tables,
we list only mean values of A , B , E o , and E d . In the
text following, although we omit the brackets, all values of
A, B, E o , and E d are understood to be mean values.
When numerical values were given, we have used those
data to determine the one-term Sellmeier parameters Eq.
FIG. 1. Mean dispersion value A vs frequency of occurrence.
3a. When data were presented in the form of different

Sellmeier equations, we used the equations to calculate numerical dispersion data for use in Eq. 3a and when data
were provided only in graphical form, the dispersion data
were taken from these plots.
2.4. Error Limits
Where possible, we have given error limits as reported;
when no error limits were reported, we have either stated that
or estimated the errors. Following the composition, the
symbol refers to compounds with the most reliable refractive indices, generally with n0.0001 0.0005. When refractive indices are quoted to four decimal places in LandoltBornstein, as for example for the many sulfates studied by
Tutton over the years 18901930, we have assumed error
limits of 0.0001 0.0005. Estimated error limits are only
valid for the refractive index and do not take errors in composition into consideration. Crystals studied before the early
FIG. 2. Dispersion A vs average Sellmeier energy gap E o .

SHANNON ET AL.
960
1900s and for which four significant figures are quoted in the
original papers are assumed to be measured by prism methods.
3. Results and Discussion

Table 1 provides 73 measurements on 55 fluorides, 9 measurements on chlorides, and 750 measurements on 509 oxides. In the table we give the specimen composition and
source, the refractive indices at and 589.3 nm, molar
volume V m , volume per anion V o , electronic polarizabilities
e , the mean dispersion parameters, A, B, E o, and E d ,
along with indices that provide an indication of the method
of measuring n, the estimated error in n, the reliability of the
composition and refractive index data, and source reference
in an easily accessible form.
FIG. 3. Dispersion A vs average oscillator strength.
3.1. Comparison of Data Using Different Methods
Teller LST relation. Similarly, the high value for

n (RbMnF3 ) was noted by Perry and Young 1967. The
three IR values of n (Cu2 O)2.54, 2.55, and 2.57, obtained
from the IR measurements, agree reasonably well and are
probably more accurate than the value of n (Cu2 O)2.27
obtained from prism data in LB. This value derived from
data determined in 1871 appears systematically low compared with the IR values and the 643.8 nm value of 2.89
determined by Medenbach and Shannon 1997.
In Table 2 we compare the results of determinations of n

by prism, IR, ellipsometer, and interference methods. In general, results obtained for prism or interference and IR methods are identical within experimental error. Exceptions are
PbF2 , RbMnF3 , Cu2 O, EuO, GeO2 , ThO2 , UO2 , and
PbMg.33Nb.67O3 , as noted by boldfaced values in Table 2.
The discrepancy in n (PbF2 ) was noted by Axe et al. 1965
and attributed to an inadequacy of the LyddaneSachs
TABLE 4. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides: Transition metal
Compound
3
Fe
3d
Chemical composition
Mineral
hematite
lepidocrocite
goethite
Ab
Eo c
Ed c
Atom %a
1016 m2
eV
eV
226
215
162
206
181
180
172
197160
120117
115101
122
114
3.6
5.0
5.1
6.4
6.5
7.4
8.0
4.85.3
10.310.9
7.78.1
8.0
8.4
19.7
15.0
19.3
12.1
13.6
12.0
11.6
17.019.0
12.6
18.119.4
16.5
16.7
Fe2 O3
FeOOH
FeOOH
Fe2 SO4 3
FeSO4 OH
FeSO4 OH2 H2O
Fe2 SO4 3 7 H2O
Y3 Fe5 O12
MFeSO4 2 12 H2O
Ca3 Fe2 Si3 O12
Na.87Fe.92Al.05Ti.03Si2 O6
Na.7Ca.2Mg.1Fe.9Si2 O6
butlerite
cornellite
garnet
MK,Rb,Cs,Tl
andradite
aegirine
aegirine
40
33
33
12
14
33
27
25
54
10
9
9
Cr3 3d 3
MCrSO42 12 H2O
MK,Rb,Cs,Tl
54
10595
11.012.1
13.814.0
Mn3 3d 4
Ca3 Mn1.95SiO4 2.1O4 H4 .9
henritermierite
12
105
8.4
18.2
Co2 3d 7
Ca2 CoSi2 O7
Sr2 CoSi2 O7
8
8
178
117
7.6
9.1
11.8
15.0
Ni2 3d 8
NiF2
MNiF3
33
20
198
7771
8.0
13.313.7
10.1
15.716.4
MK,Cs
Eu2 4f 7
Eu2 SiO4 - beta
28
162
6.5
15.2
U4 5f 2
UO2
33
264,210
4.2,4.5
14.5,16.7
Atom % total soft ionsH2 O/total cationsanions.

b
Boldfaced values of A are relatively high.
c
Boldfaced values of E o and E d are relatively low.
a
Why low A ?
961
TABLE 5. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides d 10

Atom
Compound
Cu 3d
10
Cu2 O
CuCl
Zn 3d 10
ZnO
ZnWO4
Zn2 SiO4
Ca2 ZnSi2 O7
BaZnF4
CaY1.92Nd.08Zn2 Ge3 O12
Zn4 OBO2 6
ZnF2
As5 3d 10
I7 4d 10
KH2 AsO4
RbH2 AsO4
CsH2 AsO4
Mn6.5Ca.25Mg.25As2 O8 OH8
Mineral
cuprite
willemite
hardystonite
allactite
KIO4
Ab
16
10
m
b
Eo c
Ed c
Why low
eV
eV
A?
67
50
267
161
3.8
6.3
15.8
15.9
50
33
28
8
53
10
17
33
185159
86 82
71
71
67
67
61
59
5.746.09
7.27.3
11.1
11.5
13.8
9.8
11.5
14.8
15.116.5
26.026.6
20.3
19.719.8
17.3
24.4
22.7
18.4
16
16
16
8
98100
94
93
81
10.911.0
11.3
11.1
9.8
14.614.8
15.1
15.4
20.2
17
133
8.8
13.7
Si
Ca, Si
Ba, F
Ca
F
Ca, Mg

c
a
There is a large discrepancy between the EuO prism value

of n1.96 quoted by Wachter 1968 and the IR value of
2.30 from Axe 1969. An alternative method of deciding
which of these is more correct is to use the data from
-Eu2 SiO4 along with the additivity rule Eq. 2 where the
total polarizability e ( -Eu2 SiO4 ) is 10.19 A3 see Table 1.
Subtracting e(SiO2 )2.803 A3 , we arrive at e (EuO)
3.69 A3 , which corresponds to n 1.87, much closer to
the prism value n 1.96 than the IR value.
The large discrepancy between prism and IR data from
GeO2 is probably caused by poor data or IR analysis. This is
evident from the n (GeO2 ) IR values of n o2.02 and n e
2.10, which are improbably larger than n (SnO2 ) prism
values of n o1.9442 and n e2.0449. The IR values of
n (ThO2 )2.20 and n (UO2 )2.33 by Axe and Pettit
1966 are significantly larger than the value of 2.070 obtained by Ellis and Lindstrom 1964 for ThO2 and the UO2
value of 2.16 by Ellis 1964 using prism methods. Axe and
Pettit noted this fact and attributed the discrepancy to an
inadequacy of the LST relation. The final example of the
deviation of IR results from prism methods concerning
PbMg.33Nb.67O3 where IR data give 2.49 Karamyan, 1976
and prism method results in a value of n 2.422 Kamzina,
1974. Here the results may be within experimental error
since the errors were not given.
3.2. Comparison of Dispersion Values
An independent method of checking accuracy is to compare dispersion constants A with values from like compounds and from trends in structural families. The value of A
is perhaps as sensitive a test for accuracy as estimated errors
in n. Table 3 shows a number of examples of inconsistencies
in A. Some examples of like-compound discrepancies are

Cs2 SiF6 , Cs2 GeF6 , Y2 O3, SiO2 , TiO2 , ThO2 , BaMgF4 ,
Zn2 SiO4 , Mn2 SiO4 , Y3 Ga5 O12 , Ca3 Al2 Si3 O12 , CaTiSiO5 ,
YVO4 , CaMoO4 , PbWO4 , and KAlSO4 ) 2 12 H2 O. Examples of deviations from structural family trends are
Na2 GeF6 in the M2 GeF6 family (MNa,Rb,Cs, Y3 Ga5 O12
in the M3 Ga5 O12 garnet family MY,Nd,Dy,Ho,Tm,
Ba.75Sr.25Nb2 O6
in
the
Ba1x Srx Nb2 O6
family,
Tl2 NiSO4 ) 2 6 H2 O in the Tl2 MSO4 ) 2 6 H2 O family
MFe,Co,Cu,Ni, and KAlSO4 ) 2 12 H2 O in the alum
family MAlSO4 ) 2 12 H2 O MK, Rb. The samples which
show values differing substantially from the values in like
compounds and values shown in family trends have been
marked in Table 1 with a question mark following the accuracy index, as defined in Table 1.
In the example of Y2 O3 , the value of A751016 m2 is
consistent with accurate RE2 O3 values from Sc2 O3 (66
1016 m2 ), Lu2 O3 (661016 m2 ), Yb2 O3 (68 69
1016 m2 ), and Dy2 O3 (731016 m2 ). The measurements for the outliers Y2 O3 of 125, 62, and 531016 m2
probably resulted from systematic errors that influence A
more than n . The dispersion parameter A for Y.95Tm.05VO4
of 1641016 m2 Ohta et al. 1993 seems high in light of
the values of 109 and 1021016 m2 for YVO4 Kuwano
and Saito 1990; Medenbach and Shannon 1997 and 98
1016 m2 for Y.98Nd.02VO4 Lonheim and DeShazer
1978. Similarly, the dispersion value for Ba.75Sr.25Nb2 O6
of 791016 m2 seems inconsistently lower than the values
of 102 931016 m2 observed for other members of the
family Ba1x Srx Nb2 O6 . The value 79 was derived from only
two values of n at 633 and 1050 nm Venturini et al. 1968;
the value at 1050 nm is perhaps out of range of validity for
the Sellmeier equation. Dispersion from eight samples of tiJ. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002
SHANNON ET AL.
962
TABLE 6. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides p 6
Compound
4
Ti
3p
TiO2
TiO2
TiO2
Li2 Ti3 O7
CaTiO3
SrTiO3
BaTiO3
Ba.77Ca.23TiO3
PbTiO3
MTiOPO4
MTiOAsO4
CaTiSiO5
Pb1 x Lax Zr1 y Tiy O3
Ba2 TiSi2 O8
V5 3p 6
V2 O5
YVO4
NaCa2 Mg2 V3 O12
Sr5 V3 O12F
Ca3 V2 O8
GdVO4
Cr6 3p 6
M2 MgCrO4 2 6 H2O
MgCrO4 7 H2O
Nb5 4p 6
Cs8 Nb22O59
KNbO3
MNbB2 O6
KTa.66Nb.33O3
K3 Li2 Nb5 O15
Ba6 Ti2 Nb8 O30
Pb2 KNb5 O15
Ba2 NaNb5 O15
Sr4.25Na1.25Li.25Nb10O30
Ba1-x Srx Nb2 O6
LiNbO3
Sr2 Nb2 O7
Ba3 LaNb3 O12
LaNbO4
Mo6 4p 6
Ta5 5p 6
W6 5p 6
Ba2 5p 6
PbMoO4
Bi2 Mo3 O12
Ce2 Mo3 O12
Gd2 Mo3 O12
Tb2 Mo3 O12
CdMoO4
Li2.86Gd.57MoO4
SrMoO4
CaMoO4
Mineral
rutile
anatase
brookite
MK,Rb
MK,Rb,Cs
fresnoite
MRb,Cs
MK,Rb
wulfenite
KTaO3
LiTa1-x Nbx O3
Ba3 LaTa3 O12
PbWO4
CaWO4
SrWO4
BaWO4
ZnWO4
BaO
BaBe2 Si2 O7
BaAl2 Si2 O8
Ba2 MgGe2 O7
stolzite
barylite
paracelsian
Atom
Ab
Eo c
%a
1016 m2
eV
Ed c
eV
Why low A ?
Ba
33
33
33
25
20
20
20
20
40
12
12
12
2016
8
119111
119114
107
122
120
131115
110109
115
112
133128
131122
120104
10293
71
5.15.2
5.45.5
5.5
5.9
5.7
5.55.8
5.9
5.8
5.1
7.6
7.37.5
7.47.7
5.56.1
10.5
26.327.4
24.8 25.5
27.3
22.1
23.4
22.324.0
24.724.9
23.9
28.1
15.816.5
16.417.9
18.120.1
27.6 29.9
21.3
28
17
15
14
15
16
264
10995
119115
118
114
113109
4.1
5.77.5
7.37.4
7.8
7.7
6.87.0
14.7
20.922.5
18.318.7
17.4
18.2
20.721.1
42
61
227244
209
6.66.8
7.7
9.910.4
9.9
24
20
10
20
25
21
30
43
21
22
20
18
31
17
124
109106
127117
107
118
102
101
98
101
11093
9188
88
79
69
6.1
6.36.4
7.98.2
6.3
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.5
6.4
6.16.6
6.97.0
7.5
7.6
8.4
21.1
23.323.4
16.016.7
23.9
22.1
24.7
26.1
25.0
24.8
23.725.9
25.726.1
24.3
26.9
27.6
Li
Sr
Ba
La
17
42
42
42
42
33
12
16
16
132117
160139
105
104101
103
98
95
9188
9188
5.65.9
5.45.5
7.3
8.28.3
8.2
6.8
7.5
8.48.5
8.08.2
21.722.3
21.1
20.8
18.8 19.1
19.0
23.9
22.3
20.8 21.2
22.022.3
Sr
Ca
20
20
16
107
8179
73
6.5
7.57.6
8.3
23.2
26.4 26.6
26.6
Li
Ba
33
17
17
33
33
104
7374
74
76
82
6.6
9.2
9.6
9.6
7.3
23.5
23.4 23.6
22.6
21.9
26.6
50
8
8
17
116
96
87
84
7.2
9.6
11.3
10.1
19.2
17.2
16.3
18.9
Sr
Ba
Ba
Ba
963
TABLE 6. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides p 6 Continued
Compound
Mineral
BaO
SrO
CaO
MgO
U6 6p 6
CuUO2 PO42 . 8 H2O

K2 UO2 SO4 2 2 H2O
metatorbernite
beta-uranophane
Atom
%a
Ab
10 16 m2
E o c
E d c
50
50
50
50
116
95
80
64
7.2
8.5
9.4
11.3
19.2
19.9
21.2
22.0
40
18
33
121
114
66
9.2
10.4
11.8
14.3
13.5
20.6
eV
eV
Why low A ?

c
a
tanite with a nominal composition CaTiSiO5 showed an unusually large variation with values ranging from 73 to 120
1016 m2 . This is perhaps not surprising in light of the
presence of twinning in most samples and a variation in
composition with analyzed compositions ranging from
Ca.75Ti1.05Si1.07O5 to Ca1.0Ti0.98Mn0.05Si0.99O5 Hintze
1897. However, we have judged the values of 73 and 91 in
CaTiSiO5 from Eisbruckalp in Pfunders, Tirol and Glimmerschiefer in St. Gotthard to be lower than expected for titanites.
Although many of the outliers, such as Cs2 SiF6 ,
Cs2 GeF6 , RbH2 PO4 , Mn2 SiO4 , PbWO4 , Gd3 Sc2 Al3 O12 ,
and CaTiSiO5 have lower reported accuracies, others were
reported
to
have
good
accuracy,
i.e.,
n
0.0001 0.0005. Although the dispersion value for
CaTiO3 (1271016 m2 ) quoted from Driscoll and Vaughn7
Table 1 is consistent with the values of A from SrTiO3 and
BaTiO3 , the values of n of 1.5554 and 1.3304 are far too
low. The value of n of 2.261 obtained using the Chaulnes
method by Linz and Herrington 1958 is more reasonable,
suggesting either a calculation error or that the value obtained by Driscoll and Vaughn7 was from a compound other
than CaTiO3 .
3.3. Analysis of Dispersion Values
Dispersion values A range from 40 to 2601016 m2 .
Their distribution is shown in Fig. 1. The largest number of
values is centered around 601016 m2 with a second distribution centered around 90 1001016 m2 and much
smaller numbers distributed over the range 140 250
1016 m2 . For convenience we arbitrarily call the range
from 50 to 80 normal dispersion, and 80 to 250 high
dispersion. In this section we make an effort to rationalize
the high dispersion values A. As a framework for the analysis of dispersion parameters, we use the analysis of Wemple
and DiDomenico 1971 and Wemple 1977. In this scheme
A is proportional to 1/E oE d , where E othe average single
oscillator energy and E dthe oscillator strength which measures the average strength of interband optical transitions.
According to DiDomenico and Wemple 1971, E d is related
to physical parameters by the expression
E d N cZ aN e ,
where N c is the cation coordination number, Z a is the formal

valence of the anion, N e is the effective number of valence
electrons/anion, 0.26 for ionic compounds, and 0.37
for covalent compounds. Using this scheme high dispersion
values should result for compounds with:
1
2
3
4
5
low energy gaps,

ionic character,
cations having low N c ,
fluoride rather than oxide anions; and
cations with low N e .
DiDomenico and Wemple 1969 and Wemple 1977 concentrated primarily on optical dielectric constants refractive
indices and their relationships to the above variables but
they were not concerned specifically with dispersion, although DiDomenico and Wemple 1969 noted that the refractive index dispersion is approximately inversely related
to the average single oscillator Sellmeier gap E o . In this
section we focus primarily on the dispersion A and the relationship to chemical composition and electron configuration
of the atoms involved and find that many of the trends in A
can be explained by the above five factors. Wemple and DiDomenico 1971 and Wemple 1977 showed that low values of E o are associated with the d 10 cations Cu and Ag ,
and the s 2 cations As3 , Te4 , I5 , Tl , Pb2 , and Bi3 .
Figures 2 and 3 show plots of A vs E o and A vs
E d ,respectively. The plot of A vs E o shows a better fit to
1/E o than 1/E d which we interpret to mean that variations in
E o are more important in explaining dispersion than variations in E d . We shall analyze this assumption in Secs. 3.3.1
3.3.5. A survey of the dispersion parameters of the compounds in Table 1 shows high dispersion values A associated
with certain ions which we call soft ions, i.e., s 2 , p 6 , d 10
and transition metal ions, H2 O, and crystalline hydrates. In
Tables 4 8 we have listed the dispersion parameters A, E o ,
and E d of compounds containing s 2 , p 6 , d 10, and transition
metal ions. Normal values of dispersion (A50 80
1016 m2 were found in borates, aluminates, gallates, silicates, germanates, phosphates, and sulfates not containing
SHANNON ET AL.
964
TABLE 7. Dispersion parameters for oxides and fluorides s 2

Atom
Ab
16
E o c
E d c
Why low
eV
eV
A?
Mineral
As2 O3
arsenolite
40
105
8.9
17.3
Sb3 5s 2
Sb2 O3
Na2 SbF5
senarmontite
40
12
116
142
6.8
10.2
20.3
11
Te4 5s 2
TeO2
33
108-103
6.26.3
23.024.6
I5 5s 2
HIO3
MIO3
KIO2 F2
25
20
17
111
12695
104
7.6
7.98.8
10.2
19.0
16.019.3
15.1
50
43
28
33
20
148
121
109
100
84
5.6
7.2
8.0
9.9
10.0
19.4
18.5
18.5
16.2
19.0
33
26
33
13
38
37
40
44
38
33
33
33
40
31
30
33
23
24
17
12
17
8
132117
132125
139
127
126121
121
11292
111
107106
114125
106
104
10294
97
101
10191
9694
96
93
80
79
62
5.65.9
6.3
5.2
8.6
5.65.7
6.2
5.1
6.2
6.8
8.08.4
7.0
6.57.2
5.56.0
6.3
6.1
5.76.0
8.0
7.67.5
8.7
9.7
9.19.2
10.0
21.722.3
19.8 20.2
22.1
14.6
22.523.1
21.5
28.1
23.2
21.922.1
15.916.7
21.5
23.525.9
27.6 29.9
26.2
26.1
27.8 29.3
20.921.1
22.222.4
19.6
20.5
22.022.2
26.0
40
29
35
36
21
10
138
139,160
120
126115
10996
93
4.8
5.5, 5.4
5.8
5.25.4
6.97.6
8.7
23.9
21.1, 18.6
22.9
24.225.8
20.8 22.5
19.6
Compound
3
As
4s
Tl 6s 2
TlCl
Tl2 SeO4
Tl2 SO4
TlClO4
Tl2 Cd2 SO4 3
Pb2 6s 2
PbMoO4
Pb5 Ge3 O11
Pb2 Sc.5Ta1.5O6.5
Pb3 Al2 CaSi10O273 H2O
Pb5 V2.5As.3O12Cl
Pb2 MoO5
PbTiO3
Pb5 As3 O9 Cl
Pb5 As3 O12Cl
PbF2
PbFCl
PbWO4
Pb1-x Lax Ti1-y Zry O3
PbNb4 O11
Pb2 KNb5 O15
PbM.33Nb.67O3
Pb3 P2 O8
Pb5 P3 O12Cl
PbHPO4
Pb9 Mg9 Si9 O24OH24
PbSO4
PbB4 O7
Bi3 6s 2
Bi2 O3
Bi2 Mo3 O12
Bi6 Mo2 O15
Bi12MO20
Bi4 M3 O12
BiB3 O6
MLi,K
wulfenite
wickenburgite
vanadinite
finnemanite
mimetite
matlockite
stolzite
MMg,Zn
pyromorphite
molybdophyllite
MSi,Ge,Ti
MSi,Ge
10
Mg, Si
SO4

c
a
any of the above soft ions. It appears that A depends on

the total concentration of soft ions where these ions must
be in concentrations 10% 15%. This number seems to
depend on the ion, being lower for Fe3 , Co2 , Ti4 , and
Bi3 , and higher for Zn2 , Nb5 , Ta5 , Tl , and Pb2 . In
Tables 4 9 values of A in boldface type are relatively
high, whereas boldface values of E o and E d are relatively
low.
3.3.1. Transition Metal Ions
Table 4 shows that many of the compounds containing the

transition metal ions Fe3 , Co2 , Ni2 , Eu2 , and U4
with A150 265 have some of the highest dispersion values of all oxides. Fe2 O3 hematite, FeOOH lepidocrocite,
and Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 all have dispersion values greater than 200
1016 m2 . The high dispersion values in transition metal
965
TABLE 8. Dispersion parameters for H2 O and crystalline hydrates

Atom
Compound
Mineral
Ab
16
10
E o c
E d c
Why low
eV
eV
A?
H2 O liquid
H2 O ice
H2 O ice
100
100
100
225
152
146
9.8
12.3
12.6
7.2
8.5
8.7
Na2 HPO4 12 H2O

Na2 HPO4 . 7 H2O
Na4 P2 O7 10 H2O
NaH2 PO4 H2O
NaH2 PO4 2 H2O
63
50
43
14
25
119
105
101
99
96
11.4
12.0
12.1
11.9
12.3
11.7
12.7
13.1
13.6
13.5
MAlSO4 2 12 H2O
MGaSO4 2 12 H2O
MInSO4 2 12 H2O
MNa,K,Rb,Cs
MK,Rb,Cs
MRb,Cs
60
60
60
10191
9192
96
12.312.6
12.512.6
12.2
12.813.8
13.914.0
13.6
MSiF6 6 H2O
MSiF6 6 H2O
MMg,Mn,Fe
MCu,Zn
43
43
97101
89
13.8 14.3
13.714.1
11.511.9
12.813.1
Cu6 Si6 O186 H2O
dioptase
17
94
10.0
17.1
MgSO4 7 H2O
BeSO4 4 H2O
CuSO4 5 H2O
LiSO4 H2O
CaSO4 2 H2O
epsomite
54
33
45
14
25
96
95
85
72
70
12.5
12.4
12
13.9
13.3
13.4
13.6
15.7
15.9
17.1
43
90
12.6
14.1
MK,Rb,Cs
MK,Rb,Cs
MK,Rb,Cs
MK,Rb,Cs
31
31
31
31
31
8489
8285
7982
7982
81
12.312.5
12.913.1
12.8 13.0
12.8 12.9
12.8
14.615.3
14.515.1
15.115.7
15.115.8
15.4
borax
93
88
61
12.5
13.1
13.1
13.8
13.9
19.8
M Sm,Pr,Nd
35
11
8
32
32
8182
11.912.1
16.316.4
pollucite
afwillite
13
79
59
12.5
13.1
16.1
20.8
chalcanthite
gypsum
LiClO4 3 H2O
M2 CuSO4 2 6 H2O
M2 MgSO4 2 6 H2O
M2 ZnSO4 2 6 H2O
M2 FeSO4 2 6 H2O
Cs2 MnSO4 2 6 H2O
Na2 B4 O5 OH4 8 H2O
KB5 O6 OH4 2 H2O
CaB3 O4 OH3 H2O
M2 SO4 3 8 H2O
CsAlSi2 O6 2 H2O
Ca3 Si2 O6 OH2 2 H2O
colemanite
Li
Ca
Ca
low H2 O
Ca

c
a
oxides correlate well with values of the parameter

E o(4 8 eV) and, in general, low values of the parameter
E d . Even with relatively low concentrations 10% of Fe3
rather high dispersion values result. Note that although there
is only 4 at % of Fe in MFeSO4 ) 2 12 H2 O and 8% in cornellite, Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 7 H2 O, the total concentrations of soft
ions (Fe3 ) and H2 O are 54% and 37%, respectively. Similarly, in MCrSO4 ) 2 12 H2 O, both Cr3 and H2 O contribute
to the dispersion. It is apparently not necessary for the ions
to be linked, e.g., compounds with isolated Fe3 such as
Ca3 Fe2 Si3 O12 , Na.87Fe.92Al.05Ti.03Si2 O6 aegirine, and
M2 CoSi2 O7 MCa, Sr have high dispersion A
100 175. Hydrates such as FeSO4 OH2 H2 O and
MFeSO4 ) 2 2 H2 O MK, Rb, Cs and Tl have higher val-
ues of E o 8 10 eV but because of low E d 1213 eV as

for other hydrates see below still show high dispersion.
3.3.2. d 10 Ions
Table 5 shows the dispersion parameters for compounds

containing Cu , Zn2 , As5 , and I7 . Among the oxides
Cu2 O has one of the highest dispersions (A267), apparently because of the exceptionally low energy gap of 3.8 eV.
Among the Zn-containing compounds only ZnO (A
159 185) and ZnWO4 (A82 86) have high dispersion.
ZnO has both low E o and E d (CNIV), whereas ZnWO4
has low E o but a higher E d caused by CN6 for both Zn and
W. Note that the high dispersion of ZnWO4 results from the
SHANNON ET AL.
966
TABLE 9. Dispersion parameters associated with ions. N c is the cation coordination number, N e the effective number of valence electrons per anion, and Z a the
formal valence of the anion
No. of
Aa
Aa
E o
E o b
E d
E d b
Ed
Ion
compounds
1016 m2
1016 m2
eV
eV
eV
eV
eV
Beta
Nc
Ne
Za
d 10
Cu
Zn2
As5
I7
2
8
4
1
161267
59185
81100
133
mean
214
91
93
133
range
46
6 15
1011
9
mean
5.0
9.7
10.8
8.8
range
16
1526
1520
mean
15.9
21.0
16.0
13.7
predicted
17
17
17
17
.26
.26
.26
.26
2
4
4
4
16
8
8
8
2
2
2
2
s2
As3
Sb3
Te4
I5
Tl
Pb2
Bi3
1
2
2
4
5
26
9
105111
95142
103119
95126
84 148
62139
93160
105
129
110
110
112
104
116
9
710
6
8 10
6 10
6 10
59
8.8
8.5
6.2
8.5
8.1
6.9
6.2
1120
2325
1519
1516
16 30
2024
17.3
15.7
24.0
17.4
18.3
23.1
23.1
14
14
19
18
.26
.26
.26
.26
.26
.26
.26
3?
3?
4?
3?
8
8
8
9?
9?
9?
8?
10?
10?
10?
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Ti4
V5
Cr6
Mo6
W6
Nb5
Ta5
U6
Cs
Ba2
20
6
3 hydrates
8
5
15
3
3 hydrates
11
16
71119
109264
209244
88 160
73104
69124
73107
510
48
7 8
68
710
68
68
6.2
7.5
7.0
7.3
8.3
6.8
7.3
9.8
14.9
10.9
16 30
1522
10
1924
2227
2126
2326
1314
14 20
1722
22.5
19.6
10.1
21.4
24.2
24.6
25.7
13.9
17.8
17.1
25
17
.26
.26
6
4
8
8
2
2
17,25
17,25
25
25
.26
.26
.26
.26
.26
4,6
4,6
6
6
8
8
8
8
2
2
2
2
58 107
53116
115
124
227
107
80
99
86
117
82
78
Fe3
Cr3
Co2
Ni2
U4
Eu2
12
4 hydrates
2
3 fluorides
1
1
114225
95105
117
71198
264
162
159
98
117
115
264
162
4 11
1112
8
8 14
5
6
6.4
11.8
7.6
11.7
4.2
6.5
1720
14
12
1016
17.0
13.9
11.8
14.1
14.5
15.1
19
.26
19
13
.26
.26
.26
.26
6
6
8
6
6
6
6
2
1
2
2
1
2
73
225
146152
59119
225
149
90.6
1014
9.8
12.4
12.3
p6
d5
d3
d7
d8
f2
f7
H2 O
ice
hydrates
a
1120
19
7.2
8.6
14.4

combined presence of Zn2 and W6 . All the other Zncontaining compounds have relatively high oscillator energies and therefore lower dispersion. Arsenates which might
be expected to have low dispersion because of their high E o
have relatively high dispersion resulting from tetrahedral
As5 and low E d . KIO4 , the only example of an iodate, has
high dispersion (A133) because of both low E o and
E d (CNIV for I7 .
3.3.3. p 6 Ions
In Table 6 we list the dispersion parameters for titanates,

vanadates, chromates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates, and
tungstates. All titanium-bearing compounds with 10% Ti
content have high dispersion, and are associated with E o values in the range of 5 8 eV. Between 12% and 33% Ti there
is no obvious concentration dependence. Fresnoite,
Ba2 TiSi2 O8 , the one Ti compound with Ti10% has normal
dispersion.
Similarly all vanadates have high dispersion values with

V2 O5 having one of the highest values (A264) and one of
lowest values of E o4.1 eV. Values of the vanadate parameter E o are similar to those of the titanates, being in the range
4 8 eV. Although chromate dispersions are augmented by
the presence of H2 O see below, we believe because of the
exceptionally high values of A, the primary contributor to
the high dispersion is the presence of the Cr6 ion. Most
niobates and tantalates have high dispersion but the values
depend on the concentration with significantly lower dispersion for Ba3 LaNb3 O12 and LaNbO4 , where E o has increased
to 8.4 eV. Tantalates, because of slightly higher E o values,
have slightly lower dispersion than niobates, e.g., compare
LiNbO3 with A91 88 and LiTaO3 with A81 79. All
reported molybdates have high dispersion. Following the
same behavior as niobates and tantalates where the
compounds lower in the periodic table have lower
dispersion, the tungstates have slightly lower dispersion
than the molybdates. Among the uranyl compounds, meta-

torbernite CuUO2 PO4 ) 2 8 H2 O] and K2 UO2 (SO4 ) 2
2 H2 O have high dispersion but this high dispersion may
arise partially from the presence of water of hydration.
-uranophane, Ca(UO2 )(UOOH)SiO4 )(SiO3 OH)4 H2 O,
containing 4 H2 O has, however, normal dispersion.
Cs and Ba2 compounds seem to be conditionally soft
ions. A few Cs compounds such as CsB3 O5 , CsLiB6 O10 ,
CsAlSi2 O6 x H2 O and Cs2 SeO4 , and Ba compounds such
as BaO, BaBe2 Si2 O7 , BaAlSi2 O8 , and Ba2 MgGe2 O7 have
moderately high dispersion.
3.3.4. s 2 Ions
Wemple 1977 noted the reduced average energy gaps E o

for the s 2 ions Tl , Pb2 , and Bi3 . We note in Table 7 that
all the lone-pair cations lead to high dispersion. In general E o
values are low, varying from 5 to 9 eV. The highest dispersion is observed in TlCl, Na2 SbF5 , PbMoO4 , Pb5 Ge3 O11 ,
Pb2 Sc0.5Ta1.5O6.5 , Bi2 O3 , and Bi2 Mo3 O12 . As for other
compounds, the critical concentration of metal ion or combination of soft ions appears to be 10%. Both
Tl2 Cd2 (SO4 ) 3 (A84) and PbB4 O7 (A62) with 10%
metal ions have reduced dispersion.
3.3.5. H2 O and Hydrates
DiDomenico and Wemple 1969 and Wemple 1977

noted the low values of the parameter E d for both liquid H2 O
and ice 9.5 and 8.6 eV, respectively. We find a slightly
lower value for liquid H2 O of 7.3 eV. Table 8 shows that
almost all hydrates have relatively low values of E d , generally in the range 1216 eV. Exceptions are dioptase (Cu6 Si6 O186 H2 O), K 2 UO2 (SO4 ) 2 2 H2 O, gypsum
(CaSO4 2 H2 O), and afwillite Ca3 Si2 O6 (OH) 2 2 H2 O .
The combination of moderate E o and low E d results in most
hydrates having relatively high dispersion.
3.3.6. Summary of Effect of Electron Configuration and E o and
E d on Dispersion
Table 9 summarizes the mean and maximum dispersion

parameters A, E o , and E d along with their range for H2 O,
hydrates and compounds containing the d 10 ions Cu , Zn2 ,
As5 , and I7 , the s 2 ions As3 , Sb3 , Te4 , I5 , Tl ,
Pb2 , and Bi3 , the p 6 ions Ti4 , V5 , Cr6 , Mo6 ,
Nb5 , and Ta5 , and the transition metal ions, Fe3 , Cr3 ,
Co2 , Ni2 , U4 , and Eu2 . High dispersion (A
140 250) is especially noticeable for H2 O and the ions
Cu , Zn2 , I7 , Sb3 , V5 , Cr6 , Fe3 , U4 , and
Eu2 and for the compounds having a high concentration of
H2 O and these ions: liquid H2 O, ice, CuCl, Cu2 O, ZnO,
KIO4 , Na2 SbF5 , V2 O5 , Fe2 O3 , FeOOH, Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 ,
FeSO4 OH, Y3 Fe5 O12 , UO2 , and -Eu2 SiO4 . In addition
compounds containing combinations of these ions and others
967
associated with slightly lower A values have high dispersion:

PbMoO4 , Pb2 MoO5 , Pb2 Sc0.5Ta1.5O6.5 , Pb5 V2.5As.3O12Cl,
Bi2 Mo3 O12 , and Bi6 Mo2 O15 .
As noted in Sec. 3.3, dispersion is controlled by the combined effects of E o and E d. It is apparent from Fig. 2 that the
low E o values associated with these ions go a long way toward explaining the high dispersion values of compounds
containing these ions. Note for example the low energy gaps
associated with compounds containing Cu , Te4 , Bi3 ,
Ti4 , Fe3 , U4 , and Eu2 .
However, it is clear that not only is low E o necessary for
high dispersion but also E d must be reasonably low. Although the plot of A versus E d shows a poorer fit to 1/E o
than 1/E d , the effects of E d can be clearly seen in many
cases. The effects of formal valence Z a can be seen in low E d
and the relatively high dispersion of CuCl, Na2 SbF5 , TlCl,
and NiF2 caused by lowered E d and the effects of cation
coordination can be observed in Cu2 O, ZnO, arsenates,
vanadates, iodates, molybdates, and the ions As3 , Sb3 ,
Te4 , and I5 . As we have shown above, all hydrates have a
relatively low E d . The effects of water of hydration are apparent in the high dispersion of FeSO4 OH2 H2 O,
Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 7 H2 O,
Cs2 Mg(CrO4 ) 2 6 H2 O,
MgCrO4
7 H2 O, Pb3 Al2 CaSi10O273 H2 O, and Cu(UO2 PO4 ) 2
8 H2 O.
It is tempting to try to complement this rationalization of
high dispersion values by correlating observed and calculated values of E d with dispersion. Using the Wemple and
DiDomenico 1971 scheme for calculating E d for single ion
compounds, it is not possible to calculate E d for most compounds in Table 1 because of uncertainty over what to use
for: 1 covalency; 2 N e for s 2 and certain d 10 compounds;
and 3 cation coordination when there are two or more cations with differing N c , i.e., YVO4 , CaTiO3 , CaMoO4 ,
Y3 Fe5 O12 , and more complex compounds such as crystalline
hydrates. Indeed, Wemple and DiDomenico noted that the
scheelite compounds MMoO4 with MCa, Sr, and Pb did
not fit the scheme with 0.27. On the other hand Wemple
found that anion radical groups such as phosphates, sulfates, selenates, and chlorates resulted in good agreement
between observed and calculated E d but that a good fit was
obtained for the iodates HIO3 and LiIO3 only by using
0.42 0.44. We have compared E d values calculated using
5
the properties of the anion groups such as BO3
3 , BO4 ,
3
3
2
2
2
2
PO4 , VO4 , SO4 , SeO4 , MoO4 , and WO4 and
find that the counter ion almost always has an effect on E d .
These uncertainties added to those about N e and N c make it
difficult to rely on calculated E d values in the majority of
multiion compounds. Thus, we make only the very general
observation that the presence of H2 O, halide ions, and cations with low CNs such as Cu , Zn2 , As3 , As5 , Sb3 ,
Te4 , I5 , V5 , and Mo6 sometimes contribute to lower
E d and therefore higher dispersion.
SHANNON ET AL.
968
4. Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the use of the libraries at Universities in Bochum, Bremen, Mainz, and Boulder, Colorado
for the literature search. We are especially indebted to Th.
Armbruster, G. E. Jellison, and G. R. Rossman for critical
reviews of the manuscript, to H. Fluck of the Gmelin Institute in Frankfort for the use of their library, E. Tillmanns for
obtaining some of the earlier mineralogical references from
the University of Vienna and Dr. U. Kalepky for use of the
library of the Schott Glaswerke in Mainz. We are also grateful to H. Spetzler and J. Smyth for encouragement and support at CIRES/CU. We thank E. Eggers for the final formatting of the manuscript. Finally, one of us R.D.S. is indebted
to the Humboldt Foundation for financial support.
5. References
Adair, R., L.L. Chase, and S.A. Payne, Phys. Rev. B39, 33373350 1989.
Anderson, O., Fortschr. Min. 52, 611 629 1974.
Axe, J.D., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 30, 14031406 1969.
Axe, J.D., J.W. Gaglianello, and J.E. Scardefield, Phys. Rev. 139A, 1211
1214 1965.
Axe, J.D., and G.D. Pettit, Phys. Rev. 151, 676 680 1966.
Barker, A.S., Phys. Rev. 136A, 12901295 1964.
Boling, N.L., A.J. Glass, and A. Owyoung, IEEE J. Quantum Electron QE14, 601 608 1978.
Boswarva, I.M., Phys. Rev. B1, 1698 1701 1970.
CASSI Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index, The American Chemical
Society, Columbus, Ohio 1999.
Coker, H., J. Phys. Chem. 80, 2078 2084 1976.
DiDomenico, M., and S.H. Wemple, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 720732 1969.
Dimitrov, V., and S. Sakka, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 17411745 1996.
Doelter, C., Handbuch der Mineralchemie, Band II, Abteilung 1 Verlag-Th.
Steinkopff, Dresden, 1914.
Doelter, C., Handbuch der Mineralchemie, Band II. Abteilung 2 Verlag-Th.
Steinkopff, Dresden, 1917.
Ellis, W.P., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 265266 1964.
Ellis, W.P., and R.M. Lindstrom, Optica Acta 11, 287290 1964.
Grehn, J., Leitz-Mitt. Wiss.u.Techn. 1, 35 41 1959.
Hintze, C., Handbuch der Mineralogie, Band II. Silicate und Titanate Verlag Veit & Co., Leipzig, 1897, pp. 16091614.
Hintze, C., Handbuch der Mineralogie, Band I. Abteilung 4 Walter De
Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1933.
Hintze, C., Handbuch der Mineralogie, Erganzungsband I. Neue Mineralien
Walter De Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1938.
Hintze, C., Handbuch der Mineralogie, Erganzungsband II. Neue Mineralien und Neue Mineralnamen Walter De Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1960.
Hurlbut, C.S., Am. Miner. 69, 391398 1984.
Jellison, G.E., Appl. Opt. 36, 8190 8197 1997.
Jellison, G.E., and F.A. Modine, Appl. Opt. 36, 8184 8189 1997.
Kamzina, L.S., Sov. Phys. Solid. State 15, 2006 2007 1974.
Karamyan, A.A., Sov. Phys. Solid State 18, 18511853 1976.
Kip, A.F., Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism McGrawHill, New
York, 1962, pp. 78 103.
Kuwano, B., and S. Saito, Rev. Laser Eng. Japan 18, 616 621 1990.
Landolt-Bornstein, Band II. Teil 8. Optische Konstanten, edited by K.H.
Hellwege, and A.M. Hellwege Springer, Berlin, 1962.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III. Crystal and Solid State Physics,
Vol. 2, edited by K.N. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege Springer, Berlin,
1969.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III. Crystal and Solid State Physics,
Vol. 11, edited by K.N. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege Springer, Berlin,
1979.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III, Crystal and Solid State Physics,
Vol. 16a, Oxides, edited by K.N. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege
Springer, Berlin, 1981.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III, Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, edited
by D. F. Nelson Springer, Berlin, 1996.
Lasaga, A.C., and R.T. Cygan, Am. Mineral. 67, 328 334 1982.
Li, H.H., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 9, 161289 1980.
Linz, A., and K. Herrington, J. Chem. Phys. 28, 824 825 1958.
Lonheim, T.S., and L.G. DeShazer, J. Appl. Phys. 49, 55175522 1978.
Lorenz, H.A., Ann. Phys. Chem. 9, 641 645 1880.
Lorentz, L., Ann. Phys. Chem. 11, 70103 1880.
Medenbach, O., and R.D. Shannon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 14B, 32993318
1997.
Medenbach, O., D. Dettmar, R.D. Shannon, R.X. Fischer, and W.M. Yen, J.
Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt 3, 174 177 2001.
Moskalev, V.A., and L.A. Smirnova, Sov. J. Opt. Technol. 54, 461 463
1987.
Nomura, S., H. Arima, and F. Kojima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 12, 531535
1973.
Ohta, K., H. Saito, M. Obara, and N. Djeu, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, Part 1 32,
16511657 1993.
Palik, E.D., Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids II, edited by E.D.
Palik Academic, Boston, 1991, p. 1059.
Perry, C.H., and E.F. Young, J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4616 1967.
Pirenne, J., and E. Kartheuser, Physica 30, 20052018 1964.
Raghurama, G., and R. Narayan, Curr. Sci. 52, 210212 1983.
Shannon, R.D., J. Appl. Phys. 73, 348 366 1993.
Shumate, M.S., Appl. Opt. 5, 327331 1966.
Singh, S., in CRC Handbook of Lasers, edited by R.J. Pressley Chemical
Rubber Co., Cleveland, 1971, p. 513.
Straat, H.W., and J.W. Forrest, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 29, 240247 1939.
Tentori, D., and J.R. Lerma, Opt. Eng. 29, 160168 1990.
Tessman, R.A., H. Kahn, and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 92, 890 895 1953.
Tilton, L.W., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 14, 393 418 1935.
Tilton, L.W., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 32, 371381 1942.
Tilton, L.W., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 30, 311328 1943.
Tilton, L.W., E.K. Plyler, and R.E. Stephens, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 43,
81 86 1949.
Tropf, W.M., M.E. Thomas, and T.J. Harris, in Handbook of Optics, Vol. II.
Devices, Measurements and Properties, 2nd ed., edited by M. Bass, E.
Van Stryland, D.R. Williams, and W.L. Wolfe McGraw-Hill, New York,
1995, p. 33.25.
Venturini, E.L., E.G. Spencer, P.V. Lenzo, and A.A. Ballman, J. Appl. Phys.
39, 343344 1968.
Verkouteren, J.R., E.B. Steel, E.S. Windsor, and J.M. Phelps, J. Res. Natl.
Inst. Stand. Technol. 97, 693705 1992.
Wachter, P., Phys. Condens. Matter 8, 80 86 1968.
Wemple, S.H., Phys. Rev. B7, 37673777 1973.
Wemple, S.H., J. Chem. Phys. 67, 21512166 1977.
Wemple, S.H., and M. DiDomenico, Phys. Rev. B3, 1338 1351 1971.
Werner, A.J., Appl. Opt. 7, 837 843 1968.
Wilson, J.N., and R.M. Curtis, J. Phys. Chem. 74, 187196 1970.
6. References for Tables 1 and 3

Ref. 1:
Landolt-Bornstein, Band II. Teil 8. Optische Konstanten, edited by K.H. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege Springer, Berlin, 1962.
Ref. 2A:
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III. Crystal and Solid State Physics, Vol. 2, edited by K.N. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege Springer,
Berlin, 1969.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III. Crystal and Solid State Physics, Vol. 11, edited by K.N. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege Springer,
Berlin, 1979.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III, Crystal and Solid State Physics, Vol. 16a, Oxides, edited by K.N. Hellwege and A.M. Hellwege
Springer, Berlin, 1981.
Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III, Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, edited by D.F. Nelson Springer, Berlin, 1996.
S. Singh, in CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, edited by M.J. Weber Chemical Rubber Co., Boca Raton, FL, 1986, Vol. III,
Sec. 1. 1, p. 1.
M.J. Dodge, in CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, edited by M.J. Weber Chemical Rubber Co., Boca Raton, FL, 1986, Vol.
IV, Pt. 2, Sec. 1.1.1.2, p. 26.
L.G. DeShazer, S. Rand, and B. Wechsler, in Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, edited by M.J. Weber Chemical Rubber Co., Boca
Raton, FL, 1987, Vol. V, Sec. 1, p. 307.
S. Singh, in CRC Handbook of Lasers, edited by R.J. Pressley Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, OH, 1971, p. 513.
W.G. Driscoll and W. Vaughn, Handbook of Optics McGrawHill, New York, 1978, pp. 794.
V.G. Dimitriev, G.G. Gurzadyan, and D.N. Nikogosyan, Handbook of Nonlinear Optical Crystals Springer, Berlin, 1991, p. 77.
Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids II, edited by E.D. Palik Academic Press, Boston, 1991, p. 1059.
C. Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, Band II. Silicate und Titanate Verlag Veit & Co., Leipzig, 1897.
C. Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, Band I. Abteilung 4 Walter De Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1933.
C. Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, Erganzungsband I. Neue Mineralien Walter De Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1938.
C. Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, Erganzungsband II. Neue Mineralien und Neue Mineralnamen Walter De Gruyter & Co., Berlin,
1960.
A.N. Winchell, The Microscopic Characters of Artificial Inorganic Solid Substances or Artificial Minerals Wiley, New York, 1931.
A.N. Winchell and H. Winchell, The Microscopic Characters of Artificial Inorganic Solid Substances, Optical Properties of Artificial
Minerals Academic Press, New York, 1964.
H.J. Weber personal communication, 1995.
M.J. Weber, CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology Chemical Rubber Corp., Boca Raton, FL, 1995.
O. Medenbach unpublished data, 2000.
V. Marinova and M. Veleva, in Thin Film Materials and Devices: Developments in Science and Technology. Proceedings of the 10th
International School on Condensed Matter Physics, Varna, Bulgaria, Sept. 1 4, 1998 World Scientific, Singapore, 1999, pp. 525528.
Ref. 2B:
Ref. 2C:
Ref. 2D:
Ref. 3:
Ref. 4:
Ref. 5:
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
6:
7:
8:
9:
10A:
10B:
10C:
10D:
Ref. 11A:
Ref. 11B:
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
969
12:
13:
14:
15:
7. Appendix 1. List of Codens

CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE SOURCE INDEX
19071999 CASSI6 19071999
A
ACELAZ Acta. Electronica
ACPHAA Ann. Chim. Phys.
AFSLAO Aufschluss
AJSCAP
Am. J. Science
AMMIAY Am. Mineral.
ANCHAM Anal. Chem.
APHYCC Appl. Phys. v11973v251981
APOPAI
Appl. Opt.
APPLAB
Appl. Phys. Lett.
B
BJAPAJ
Br. J. Appl. Phys. 19501969 see J. Phys. D.
C
CHSCBU Chin. Sci. Bull.
CIWPAV
Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication
CPLEEU
Chinese Phys. Lett.
CRTEDF
Cryst. Res. Technol. formerly Krist.
Tech. - KRTEAW 1966 1980
F
FEROA8
Ferroelectrics
H
HAMBA6 Hamberger Beitr. Z. Angew. Mineralogie u.
Kristallphys.
I
IEJQA7
INOMAF
J
JACSAT
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

Inorg. Mater. Eng. transl.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
JACTAW
JAPIAU
JAPNDE
JCDTBI
J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

J. Appl. Phys. formerly Physics 1937
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 1982
J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.
JCOMEL
JCPSA6
JCRGAE
JJAPA5
JNOMFV
JOAOD6
JOBPDE
JOAOF8
JOPQAG
JOSAAH
JPCRBU
JPCSAW
JPSOAW
JRNBAG
JSSCBI
JSTCAM
J. Phys. Condens. Matter

J. Chem. Phys.
J. Cryst. Growth
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 19621981
J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater.
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1984
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1989
J. Optics A: Pure Appl. Opt.
J. Phys.
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 19171983
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
J. Phys. Chem. Solids
J. Phys. C
J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds. 1934
J. Solid State Chem.
J. Struct. Chem. Eng. transl. of Zh. Strukt.
Khim
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
JUPSUA
K
KRTEAW
M
MNLMBB
MRBUAC
N
NIMAER
NJGAAY
Krist. Tech. 1966 1980 now Cryst. Res.

Technol.
Min. Mag.
Mater. Res. Bull.
Nucl. Instrum. Methods A
Neues Jb. Mineral. Geol. Palaont. Beilageband
Abt. A.
970
SHANNON ET AL.
Neues Jb. Geol. Palaont., Abh. Abt. A.

19251950
NJGMA2 Neues Jb. Geol. Palaont., Monatsh. 1950
NJMIAK
Neues Jb. Mineral., Abh. 1950
NJMMAW Neues Jb. Mineral., Monatsh. 1950
O
OMATET Opt. Mater. Amsterdam
OPACAT
Optica Acta.
OPCOB8
Opt. Commun.
OPLEDP
Opt. Lett.
OPSUA3
Opt. Spectrosc.
P
PAOAE1
Pure Appl. Optics
PHBCDQ Physica B and C
PHRVAO Phys. Rev. v11893v1321963
PKOMA3 Phys. Kondens. Mater. v11963v161973
PLRBAQ Phys. Rev. B: Solid State 19701978
PMABDJ Philos. Mag. B.
PPSAAM Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. A.
PPSBAP
Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B.
PRBMDO Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 1978
PRVAAH Phys. Rev., Sect. A. v1331964v1401965
PSISDG
SPIE Opt. Thin Films Applicat. 1990
Proc. SPIE
PSSABA
Phys. Status Solidi A 1970
PSSBBD
Phys. Status Solidi B 1971
R
REKEDA Rev. Laser Engineer. Jpn. Reza Kenkyu
S
SJOTBH
Sov. J. Opt. Tech. Eng. transl. of
Opt.-Mekh. Promysh.
SJQEAF
Sov. J. Quantum Electron.
SMPTA8
Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt.
SPHCA6
Sov. Phys. - Crystallogr. Eng. transl. of
Kristallogr.
SPHJAR
Sov. Phys. - JETP.
SPSSA7
Sov. Phys. - Solid State Eng. transl. - Fiz.
Tverd. Tela Leningrad
SSCOA4
Solid State Commun.
T
TTMMDZ Tschermaks Min. Petr. Mitt.
NJGAAY
W
WLHPAR
Z
ZAPHAX
ZEKRDZ
ZEPYAA
ZMGPAS
ZPCBAL
ZPSBAX
Wuli XuebaoActa Physica Sinica Chinese

Z. Angewandte Physik
Z. Kristallogr.
Z. Phys. 19201974
Zbl. Mineral. Geol. Paleont., Abt. A
Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. B
J. Appl. Spectrosc.Zh. Prikladnoi Spektroskopy
8. Appendix 2. Alternative Forms of the

Sellmeier Equation
The general form of the Sellmeier equation is usually
given as
n 2 1
A j2
2 2j
with the wavelength of the incident light, and the wavelengths j with the corresponding constants A j representing
the wavelengths of maximum absorption at several absorption bands. The refractive indices used in the current work
are sufficiently approximated using a one-term Sellmeier
equation with wavelengths far distant from the immediate
region of the absorption band at o , thus yielding
n 2 1
A o 2
2 2o
Rearranging this equation gives

2o
1
1
2
2
n 1
A o
Ao
and finally
1
A
2 B
n 1
Eq. 3a with A 2o /A o and B 1/A o or 2o A/B. The

constant A o is related to Eq. 3b by the expression E d
A oE o .

JPCRD 623

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

JPCRD 623

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides

2.4. Error Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electronic mail: bob@theshannons.net

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

where V m is the molar volume in , b4 /3 Lorentz

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

2.2. Method of Measuring Dispersion or n

2.3. Sellmeier Analysis

A, the slope of the plot of (n 2 1) 1 versus 2 in units of

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

Fe2 SiO4 fayalite 8C2 8B1

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

spodumene, green Maharitra, Madagascar

narsarsukite comp. not certain

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

BaNa4 Ti2 B2 Si10O30

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

CaAl2 Si2 O8 anorthite Vesuvius FL?

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

CaUO2 UOOHSiO4 SiO3 OH4 H2O

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

CuUO2PO428 H2O metatorbernite

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

Ce2 Mo3 O12

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002

*Composition well-known synthetic crystals or analyzed minerals.

Refractive index accurate to 0.00010.0010.

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DISPERSION

TABLE 2. Comparison of n values determined by prism methods and reflectivity methods

Tb3 Ga5 O12

Boldfaced values refer to discrepancies greater than experimental values.

of the plot at , gives n (11/B) 1/2. In Appendix 2,

where from optical data, n 1.547, and from dielectric

where in a single oscillator model the photon energy,

TABLE 3. Inconsistent dispersion values

J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2002