2013MEM2622 Sasanka 1.

Ans:
a) Both bearings have support stiffnesses of 1MN/m. Stationary rotor(No gyroscopic
effect).
127.6820j
208.9687j

The natural frequencies are

127.6820j

208.9687

1 2 127.68rad / s

3 4 208.96rad / s

b) The horizontal and vertical stiffnesses of the bearings are 1MN/m at bearing 1
and 1:3MN/m at bearing 2. Stationary rotor
135.0817j
225.2090j

The natural frequencies are

135.0817j

1 2 135.08rad / s

225.2090j

3 4 225.20rad / s

The natural frequencies have increased. Also, there is coupling between u,

and

v,

k xC k yC 0
.
Normalized eigenvectors:

At the lower frequency, the rotor motion is primarily in translation and if the mode is
scaled to give a lateral displacement of 1mm the corresponding tilting motion of the

0.8195 10 3

-0.0470

rotor is
rad or approximately
. At the higher frequency, a
scaled mode with 1mm of lateral displacement corresponds to a tilting motion of
about

c) The horizontal and vertical support stifnesses are 1.0 MN/m and 1.1 MN/m,
respectively, at the number 1 bearing and 1.3 MN/m and 1.4 MN/m, respectively, at
the number 2 bearing. Note that the bearings are anisotropic. Stationary rotor

135.0817j
234.6208j

141.1252j

The natural frequencies are

225.2090j

3 225.20rad / s
4 234.62rad / s

1 135.08rad / s
2 141.12rad / s

k xT k yT , k xC k yC
Due to anisotropy (

),

1 2

3 4

Also,

Normalized eigenvectors:

At 135 rad/s, u-dir lateral displacement of 1mm, the corresponding tilting motion of
the rotor is

0.8195 103

rad or approximately

-0.0470

. At 225.20 rad/s, a scaled

mode with 1mm of lateral displacement corresponds to a tilting motion of about

At 141 rad/s , v-dir lateral displacement of 1mm, the corresponding tilting motion of
the rotor is approximately

0.0433

. At 234.62 rad/s, a scaled mode with 1mm of

lateral displacement corresponds to a tilting motion of about

-3.2491

d) Both bearings have support stiffnesses of 1MN/m (isotropic). Rotor rotates at 4000 rpm(gyroscopic effect).
Eigenvectors:
Upper half displacement terms:
1
4

conj(1)
conj(4)

conj(2)

conj(3)

Lower half velocity terms= root times displacement

*-127.6820j
*168.8538j

s1=127.6820j

*127.6820j
*-168.8538j

*-127.6820j

s2=127.6820j

*127.6820j

s3=168.8538j

*258.6136j

*-258.6136j

s4=258.6136j

A
s5=-127.6820j

s6= -127.6820j

s7=-168.8538j

s8= -258.6136j

conj ( A)

Coupling between

and

due to gyroscopic effect in 3rd and 4th modes can be observed.

168.8538 rad/s backward whirl

258.6136 rad/s forward whirl

The backward whirling modes occur at a lower frequency than the forward whirling modes.
Normalized eigenvectors: Note that the eigenvectors have been normalized so that the 1st non-zero entry of each
column is unity.

e) The horizontal and vertical support stifnesses are 1.0 MN/m at bearing 1 and 1.3 MN/m at bearing 2 and the rotor
spins at 4000 rev/min.
s1=134.0017j
s7=-180.8648j

s2=135.5879j
s8= -275.2833j

s3=185.8712j

s4=274.0448j

s5=-127.6820j

s6= -145.5798j

Normalized eigenvectors:

st

In the 1 mode corresponding to 134 rad/s,

rotating mode exists.

v u / 2

and

rv ru 0.058

. So, the orbit is circular and a backward

For mode corresponding to 134 rad/s,

We see that|K| = 1, indicating that the orbit is a circle. For all the other modes of vibration |K|= 1, indicating that the
orbit is a circle.

In the 2nd mode corresponding to 135.6 rad/s,

v u / 2

In the 3rd mode corresponding to 185.87 rad/s,

In the 4th mode corresponding to 274 rad/s,

v u / 2

v u / 2

. Circular orbit and forward whirl.

. Circular orbit and backward whirl.

. Circular orbit and forward whirl.

The horizontal and vertical support stifnesses are 1.0 MN/m and 1.1 MN/m, respectively, at the number 1 bearing
and 1.3 MN/m and 1.4 MN/m, respectively, at the number 2 bearing. Note that the bearings are anisotropic. Rotor
rotates at 4000 rpm.
Normalized eigenvectors:
s1=134.7444j
s7=-190.1481j

s2=140.9397j
s8=-278.9442j

s3=190.1481j

s4=278.9442j

s5=-134.7444j

s6=-140.9397j

Mode frequency

134.7444 rad/s

140.9397 rad/s

Whirl nature
Natural frequency
K value No.1 end
K value center
K value No.2 end
Elliptical orbits |K|<1.

v u

At end 1,

190.1481 rad/s

278.9442 rad/s

Backward

Forward

Backward

Forward

134.7444 rad/s
-0.1694
-0.1102
-0.0132

140.9397 rad/s
0.0586
0.1304
0.2405

190.1481 rad/s
-0.8630
-0.9685
-0.8890

278.9442 rad/s
0.9176
0.8912
0.9154

/2

ru u a , rv v a

Obtain eigenvalues of H as

. At end 2,

1 , 2

/2

ru u b , rv v b

such that

1 2

K
.

2
1

/2

ru cosu
rv cosv

T
. Put these values in

/2

ru sin u

rv sin v

H (TT ') 1

Case(c):

stationary

rotating
Due to gyroscopic effect, we can see coupling between
u,

and

v,

and

. Also, due to anisotropy, there is coupling between

8000 rpm
Natural
K value
K value
K value

frequency
No.1 end
center
No.2 end

132.77 rad/s
-0.4540
-0.3115
-0.0709

140.16 rad/s
0.2066
0.4242
0.8279

161.04 rad/s
-0.7783
-0.8433
-0.9852

336.07 rad/s
0.9649
0.9477
0.9640

k x1 k x 2 1MN / m

cx1 cx 2 1kNs / m

k y1 k y 2 1MN / m

c y1 c y 2 1.2kNs / m

1.g)Ans:

k x1 1MN / m, k x 2 1.3MN / m

cx1 cx 2 1kNs / m

k y1 1.1MN / m, k y 2 1.4 MN / m

c y1 c y 2 1.2kNs / m

2. Ans: In all the plots, ooooo-backward whirl, *****-forward whirl

a)

In this case, kC = 0 and so the 1 st and 2nd natural frequencies are independent of
rotational speed. The stifnesses in the x and y directions are identical and so the
two natural frequencies are identical and equal to 20 Hz approximately. At zero
rotational speed the third and fourth natural frequencies are also identical. Once the
rotor begins to spin, the third and fourth equations become coupled due to

gyroscopic effects and the two natural frequencies separate. In the map, we can see
that the line of the pair of the constant natural frequencies (at approximately 20 Hz)
is intersected by backward whirl natural frequency line at about 9000 rev/min. The
intersection is a consequence of the 1 st and 2nd equations being uncoupled from the
third and fourth and hence independent of each other.
b) In this case kC 0 and all of the equations are coupled, except when omega= 0.
All natural frequencies are influenced by gyroscopic effects. Two frequencies
decrease with rotational speed, the other two frequencies increase, although the
increase from approximately 20 Hz is barely perceptible. In this case, all of the
equations are coupled and no frequency lines intersect.

c)

In this example, kxC = kyC = 0. The 1st and 2nd equations are uncoupled from the rest
of the system and they are independent of rotational speed. The stiffness in the x
and y direction are different and so the two natural frequencies that are derived
from these two equations are distinct. At zero rotational speed the third and fourth
equations are also uncoupled and the two natural frequencies that are derived from
these equations are also distinct. When the rotor begins to spin the map shows that
one of these natural frequencies increases and the other decreases, due to
gyroscopic effects. The map also shows that the path of the two constant natural
frequency lines at about 20 and 25 Hz are intersected by another natural frequency
line at about 8000 and 13000 rev/min. This is a consequence of the equations being
uncoupled and hence independent of each other.
d)

In this case, kxC = 0 and kyC = 0 so that all of the equations are coupled, except
when omega= 0. From the natural frequency map we see that all the frequencies
are influenced by gyroscopic couples and no frequency lines intersect.
3. Ans:
Stationary:
45.1228j
541.9107j

101.2109j

518.0543j

Rotating at 1000 rpm:

42.9895j
633.6716j

104.4355j

450.6621j