EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KULIT BUAH DURIAN (Durio

zibethinus) DALAM MENGHAMBAT Candida albicans DENGAN METODE

DILUSI
Lidya Astria
Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Kandidiasis oral merupakan kelainan mukosa oral yang
menyebabkan kehilangan pengecapan dan sensasi terbakar pada rongga mulut.
Kandidiasis oral disebabkan oleh Candida albicans, dan dapat diobati dengan
kulit buah durian (Durio zibethinus) yang mengandung flavonoid, saponin, dan
tannin yang memiliki efek antifungal.
Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui efektivitas antifungal ekstrak dan fraksi kulit
buah durian dalam menghambat C. albicans dengan metode dilusi.
Material dan Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris secara in vitro
menggunakan rancangan Post-test Only Control Group Design telah dilakukan di
Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Animal house, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, dan
Laboratorium Biokimia Universitas Sriwijaya. Kelompok kontrol positif yakni
nistatin; kelompok kontrol negatif hanya berisi media pertumbuhan jamur;
kelompok perlakuan menggunakan ekstrak, fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etilasetat, dan
fraksi etanol kulit buah durian dengan konsentrasi 20%, 10%, 5%, 2,5%, 1,25%,
dan 0,625%. Pengujian aktivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi untuk
mengetahui nilai KHM dan kekeruhannya dianalisis menggunakan elisa reader.
Identifikasi flavonoid dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri. Data hasil
penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan
menggunakan Post-Hoc Test.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi kulit buah durian
efektif dalam menghambat C. albicans dan fraksi etanol merupakan fraksi yang
paling efektif dalam menghambat C. albicans dengan nilai kadar hambat
minimum (KHM) 2,5%. Fraksi etanol kulit buah durian 2,5% setara dengan
nistatin 0,0032%. Identifikasi flavonoid menunjukkan pada fraksi etanol terdapat
senyawa flavonon.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak dan fraksi kulit buah durian memiliki efek antifungal
terhadap C. albicans dan fraksi etanol merupakan fraksi yang paling efektif
menghambat C. albicans.
Kata Kunci: Kulit buah durian, ekstrak, fraksi, Candida albicans

EFECTIVITY OF THE EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF DURIAN RINDS

(Durio zibethinus) AGAINST Candida albicans WITH DILUTION METHOD

Lidya Astria
Dentistry Study Program
Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University
Abstract
Background: Candidiasis oral is mucosa oral disorder that can cause the
decrease of tastebuds and burning sensation in mouth. Candidiasis oral caused by
Candida albicans, and can be healed by durian rinds (Durio zibethinus) that
contain flavonoid, saponin, and tannin which have been proven as antifungal
effect.
Aim: This study aimed to verify the efectivity of durian rinds against C. albicans
with dilution method.
Material and methods: In vitro experimental laboratories using post-test only
control group design has been held in Biology Molecular Laboratories, Animal
house, Microbiology Laboratories, and Biochemical Laboratory of Sriwijaya
University. Positive control was nystatin, negative control was given media of C.
albicans to grow, and treatment control group was given extract, fraction of nhexane, fraction of ethyl acetate, and fraction of ethanol of durian rinds using
concentration 20%, 10%, 5%, 2,5%, 1,25%, and 0,625%. The extract and
fraction was tested for its antifungal activity with dilution method to know the
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the absorbance analyzed by elisa
reader. Flavonoid contain in extract and fraction of durian rinds analyzed by
spectrophotometry. The statistical analysis were used One-Way ANOVA then
continued with Post-Hoc Test.
Result: The result showed that extract and fraction of durian rinds were effective
as antifungal against C. albicans and fraction of ethanol was the most effective
between them with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 2,5%. Fraction
of ethanol 2,5% was equal with nystatin 0,0032%. Identification flavonoid
showed that fraction of ethanol contains flavonon.
Conclusion: Extract and fraction of durian rinds have antifungal effect against C.
albicans and fraction of ethanol was the most effective in inhibiting C. albicans.
Key words: Durian rinds, extract, fraction, Candida albicans