Theory: In a series generator, the field winding and armature are connected in

series. The load is also connected in series with the armature and series field. Thus,
IL=Ia=Ise Performance Characteristics: No-load characteristic (Magnetization
Characteristic, Eg~If): This is the graph between the generated emf Eg and the field
current If at no-load and constant speed. This curve is obtained by separately
exciting the field from a separate voltage source. Internal Characteristic (E~Ia): The
graph between the E and Ia is called the Internal Characteristic. E=VL+Ia(Ra+Rse)
When operating as series generator, there are two fluxes in the machine air gap.
One due to the field and another due to the armature. The induced emf in the
armature is due to the net flux in the air gap. Thus, the relationship between the
induced emf, the armature current is called the internal characteristic. (after
considering the armature reaction) External Characteristics (VL~IL): The graph
between VL and IL is called External Characteristic. This is a raising characteristic. In
a series generator, if the total resistance of the circuit (sum of armature, field and
load resistance) is more than the critical field resistance, then the emf build up
process shall not begin. The net induced emf in the armature, supplies the voltage
drop across the armature and fields resistances and also the load. So, the actual
generated emf can be written as Eg=voltage drop across the armature and field+
voltage across the external load. Eg=Ia (Ra+Rse)+VL

Conclusion: In a Series Generator, the generated voltage increases with the load.
Hence, its characteristics are called as Raising Characteristics.