1. An obvious use of solar energy is for ...........................

a. heating air and water b. cooling air and water c. both heating and cooling air and water
d. None
2. In a solar energy system, if the insolation is absorbed and utilised without significant
mechanical pumping and blowing, the solar system is said to be
a. active solar system b. reactive solar system c. insolated solar system d. passive solar
system
3. Using solar energy has value because:
a. solar energy does not pollute the environment
c. solar energy is not used up

b. solar energy saves money

d. answers a, b, and c

4. The expression, Pnet = Ap[TcovpG - UL(Tp - Ta)] is referred to as

a. HotelWhillierBliss equation
b. HottelWhillierBliss equation
c. HottelWhilierBliss equation
d. HotelWhilierBliss equation
5. The vertical angle between the projection of the sun's rays on the horizontal plane and the
direction of the sun's rays is called
a. solar azimuth angle
b. altitude angle
c. zenith angle
d. hour
angle
6. Sunlight reaches the earth through
a. direct radiation
b. diffuse radiation
correct

b. scattered radiation

d. a, b and c are

7. Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers is called:
a. ultraviolet light
b. visible light
c. infrared light
d. microwaves
8. Solar radiation reaches the earth's surface as:
a. visible radiation only
b. ultraviolet radiation only
c. infrared radiation only
d. ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation
9. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the radiative energy emitted by one square meter of
an object is equal to a constant multiplied by its temperature raised to the _______ power.
a. negative third
b. zeroeth
c. fourth
d. tenth
10. Stand-alone solar power plants are used for which of the following local networks
a. Home power supply in rural areas
b. Telecommunication and relay
stations
c. Community power supply application
d. a, b and c are correct
11. Which of the following angles is not important in solar radiation analysis
a. Hour angle b. Solar azimuth angle
c. Zenith angle d. Acute angle

12. If the component of solar irradiance incident perpendicular to the collector is Gc on area A,
the collector efficiency is
a.

c=cQ

d.

c=c

(T 2T 1)
GcA

b.

c=cQ

(T 1T 2)
GcA

c.

c=c

(T 2T 1)
GcA

(T 1T 2)
GcA

13. The earth's radiation is often referred to as ________ radiation, while the sun's radiation is
often referred to as ________ radiation.
a. shortwave, longwave b. shortwave, shortwave c. longwave, shortwave d. longwave,
longwave
14. When sunlight falls on photovoltaic panel, some particle some particles gain enough energy
to produce electric current. These particles are called
a. Electrons
b. Protons
c. Neutrons
d. None
15. The workings of a solar water heater is based on which of the following technologies?
a. solar photovoltaic technology
b. solar thermal technology
c. solar cell technology
d. solar electricity technology
16. Which of the following materials has the lowest reported solar cell efficiency?
a. Amorphous silicon b. Galliem arsenide
c. Polycrystalline silicon d. Single
crystal silicon
17. Solar energy cannot be stored in which of the following medium?
a. water
b. iron
c. gas
d. wood
18. The position of the sun when it is located directly overhead is called
a. Sun at beneath
b. Sun at inclination
c. Sun at zenith
at top

d. Sun

19. About 30% of all incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space. This is known as
a. Irradiance
b. Reflectivity
c. Albedo effect
d. Diffuse radiation
20. The daily insolation is the total energy per unit area received in one day from the sun, Its
seasonal variation arises from the following factor(s)
a. Variation in the length of the day
b. Orientation of receiving surface
c. Variation in atmospheric absorption
d. All of the above
21. The angle Earth has rotated since solar noon is known as the
a. Solar angle
b. Zenith angle
c. Solar altitude
d. Hour angle
22. The following are the various types of DC-DC converters except
a. Buck (step-down) converter
b. Boost (step-up) converter

c. Boost-buck (step-up/down) converter

d. Buck-boost (step-down/up) converter

23. The inverter types that are being used for grid-connected PV application include the
following except
a. Line-commutated inverter
b. Self-commutated inverter
c. inverter with high frequency transformer
d. Direct-commutated inverter

24. The diagram below is an illustration of

a. Line-commutated single phase inverter

b. Self-commutated inverter with PWM
switching
c. PV inverter with high frequency
transformer
d. Direct-commutated inverter

25. The following are some factors that are considered in the selection of batteries for PV
applications except
a. Deep discharge (70 - 80% deep discharge)
b. Low charging/discharging current
c. High cost
d. Irregular and varying
charge/discharge
26. The two main stand-alone applications are
a. solar water heating and solar water pumping
pumping
c. solar water heating and battery charging
drying

b. battery charging and solar water

d. solar water heating and crop

27. The following include some characteristics of grid-compatible inverters except

a. Response time d. Power factor c. Harmonic output
d. Fault synchronization
28. The performance of a flat plate collector, and its efficiency at high temperatures, can be
improved by
a. Reducing the convective transfer between the plate and the outer glass cover
b. Reducing the radiative loss from the plate
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
29. The expression sp = Tcovp - UL(Tp - Ta) / G, of a flat plate collector shows that as the plate
gets hotter, the losses increase until sp decreases to zero at the equilibrium temperature
Tp(m). This temperature is also called
a. stagnation temperature b. stagnant temperature c. collector temperature d. irradiance
temperature

30. The solar spectrum can be divided into the following regions except
a. Ultraviolet region b. Visible region c. Infrared region d. Microwave region