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rock
names to geological specimens, which is used not only as the key item of
geological
databases but also as the limiting condition of geological theories and models.
The systematics in petrology should be revised according to the progress of
geological theories and the accumulation of data. The IUGS-CSP (Commission of
Systematics in Petrology) had discussed the systematics in petrology for many
years, and several
important reports and proposals were published especially on igneous and
metamorphic petrology.
decrease of interest on
the systematics in petrology within the geological communities.
However, further
systematics,
of study,
geoethical view points should be included, such as the negotiation within
different
branches of geological sciences, regulation between developed and developing
countries, balancing of areal distribution of members, planning of road map of
future
revision, and others.
Key words: Systematics, Classification, Nomenclature, Terminology, Petrology,
Consensus, Geoethics
Introduction
varied
according
to
the
development
of
petrology.
New
theories
and
measurement techniques have been developed in recent years, and new types of
data have been added to the traditional data.
following
types
of
data
should
be
prepared
for
the
study
of
the
Statistical and mathematical processing are necessary not only for evaluation
and
standardization
of
data,
but
also
for
clarifying
the
data
structure
and
to extract useful information for new systematics (Brandle and Nishiwaki, 2006;
Nishiwaki and Brandle, 2007).
however
they
are
hindered
by
the
diversity
of
classification
The importance of
Rule vs Recommendation
only
the
recommendation,
as
the
different
opinions
require
different
Permanent vs Tentative
It is necessary for the actual application that the systematics in petrology is
clearly defined at any time, otherwise no one will use the systematics. The
systematics should not be so frequently revised or modified that petrologists and
other geoscientists can accept.
However,
the
development
observation
content
of
of
petrology.
methods,
and
systematics
should
For
example,
new
new
petrological
be
data,
models
revised
new
to
rock
should
be
adopt
the
groups,
new
accepted
on
occasion.
That is, the systematics cannot be permanent, but it should not be tentative at
any time.
International vs Local
The
petrology
principally
is
global
international,
that
science,
is,
any
and
the
systematics
petrologist
in
the
in
world
petrology
will
use
is
one
systematics. The systematics should be defined under the global discussion, and
authorized by an international organization and/or communities.
However it is difficult to gather all the data and opinions in the world to a
specific committee, and also it is more difficult to reach a complete consensus. It
is not realistic to push a strict rule regardless the local condition. Some part of
the systematics should accept some exceptions to adopt the local condition, by
replacing the guideline to the recommendations if necessary. Such ambiguity will
help the actual use of the systematics.
Disciplinary vs General
The systematics in petrology is a part of petrology, and its main users are
petrologists.
So
the
systematics
should
be
defined
by
the
petrological
of
natural
phenomena
outside
of
geosciences,
without
precise
Top-down vs Bottom-up
The systematics should be defined with an international consensus, which will
be
obtained
by
some
commissions.
The
member
of commission
should be
erected by considering not only the speciality but also the area of candidates.
The number of commission members is limited, and the draft should be circulated
within
petrological
communities
for
reviewing
and
correction
by
using
the
Internet reviewing. The final decision of the systematics should be made at the
general assembly of the IUGS or other international organization to authorize the
systematics.
The construction of the systematics is a bottom-up process in petrological
community as cited above. The decided systematics should be used not only by
petrologists
but
also
other
scientists
by
proclaiming
from
the
authorized
the petrologists who describe the rocks in their academic journals, where actual
process of the description is explained.
use of the systematics for other scientists and technicians is necessary, which
will help the proper use of the systematics in petrology.
the database managers are useful, as the petrological data are included in many
scientific and technological databases.
Furthermore, the special account for the developing countries is important for
the international use of the systematics. Technical seminars should be held at
many points in the world to encourage the petrologists in the developing
countries near the point, together with the support of the system to introduce the
systematics into their laboratories. For this seminar we may cooperate with the
UNESCO and other international organizations.
Conclusion
It is clarified that we may consider many geoethical view points on the
construction of the systematics in petrology, such as the negotiation within
different branches of geological sciences, regulation between developed and
developing countries, balancing of areal distribution of members, planning of
road map of future revision, and others. The systematics in petrology cannot be
used without these geoethical considerations.
References
Stoll,
N.
R.
(ed.)
(1964)
International
Code
of
Zoological
Nomenclature.
Brndle, J. L. and Nagy, G. (1995) The state of the 5th version of IGBA: Igneous
petrological data base.
COGEODATA
no. 1, pp.
43-65.
Nishiwaki-Nakajima, N. (1995) Global database project in sedimentary petrology
(IGCP 269). Sedimentary Facies and Paleogeography, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 71-81.
Nishiwaki,
N.
(2001)
Revision
of
systematics
in
sedimentary
petrology
with
Nishiwaki,
N.
(2003a)
Review
of
systematics
in
sedimentary
petrology
from
N.
Proceeding
of
(2003b)
Mining
Review
Pribram
of
systematics
Symposium
in
2003,
sedimentary
International
petrology.
Section
of
(Annual
Geology,
Conference
Beijing,
China
of
the
International
"Geomathematics
Association
and
GIS
for
Analysis
Mathematical
of
Resources,
in
petrology.
Abstracts
of
the
33rd
International
Geological
Classification
and
Nomenclature
of
Volcanic
Rocks,
Lamprophyres,