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GRAFICOS Y TABLAS
GRAFICO 1. INDUSTRIA AERONUTICA MUNDIAL 2004.
Amrica Latina:
6% del trfico
mundial
Africa: 4% del
trfico mundial
...y sin Brasil:
2.8% del
trfico mundial
5.000
20
05
20
03
20
01
19
99
19
97
19
95
19
91
19
93
19
89
19
87
19
85
19
83
19
81
19
79
19
75
19
77
19
73
19
71
19
69
-5.000
-10.000
-15.000
GRAFICO 3.
% de ingresos
$10,0
10%
$6,0
6%
$2,0
2%
est.
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006e
2007e
($2,0)
-2%
($6,0)
-6%
($10,0)
-10%
($14,0)
-14%
Utilidades /
(perdidas)
netas (US$bn)
Fuente: IATA
GRAFICO 4.
American Airlines
Margen operacional precrisis en torno a 7,1%
% de ingresos
$2.700,0
20%
$2.200,0
16%
$1.700,0
12%
$1.200,0
8%
$700,0
4%
$200,0
($300,0)
0%
1995
1996
($800,0)
($1.300,0)
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
-4%
-8%
($1.800,0)
-12%
($2.300,0)
-16%
($2.800,0)
-20%
Fuente: compaa
GRAFICO 5.
GRAFICO 6.
Guayauil
Lima
Sao Paulo
Santiago
Buenos Aires
1.500 KM
Crecimiento
GRAFICO 7.
1993
1995
2001
2006
Aviones
13
16
60
77
Empleados
2.227
3.207
10.173
15.099
Pax mill.
1,4
8,3
Toneladas Carga
48.000
112.935
315.247
543.000
318
471
1.428
3.000
17,4
16,3
10,8
221
EBITDAR %
25,3
GRAFICO 8.
Dic 2004
(US$ B)
Dic 2005
7,0
Sept 2006
5,5
4,9
3,0
2,1
2,7
2,4 2,4
1,2
Lan
Gol
T am
1,5
Copa
GRAFICO 9.
10
GRAFICO 10.
6,00
5,50
0,81
5,00
30% less
costs
0,16
4,50
0,14
5,65
0,23
5,20
0,32
4,00
4,40
3,99
3,50
CASK
C ASK
2006e
2005
S&D
Mantto
On
Board
C rew
-60%
-16%
-50%
-31%
Otros
-15%
C ASK
2008
GOL
TAM
Change 2006-2008
GRAFICO 11.
11
Producto
Producto/ /Nivel
Nivelde
deServicio
Servicio
Densificacin
Densificacinde
deaviones
aviones
Light
LightService
ServiceaaBordo
Bordo
70%
70%self
selfcheck-in
check-inen
enaeropuerto
aeropuerto
Costos
Costos
16%
16%de
dedisminucin
disminucinen
encosto
costounitario
unitariode
de
mantenimiento
mantenimientopor
porA320
A320family
familyfleet
fleet
30%
30%de
dereduccin
reduccinde
decostos
costosen
enoverhead
overhead
Estimulacin
Estimulaci
Demanda
EstimulacinDemanda
Reduccin
ReduccinyySimplificacin
Simplificacinde
de
Tarifas
Tarifaspara
paraincrementar
incrementar
demanda
en
cerca
de
un
40%
demanda en cerca de un 40%
Utilizacin
Utilizaci
deAviones
Aviones
Utilizacinde
11.5
11.5horas
horas
Aumentar
Aumentarelelpromedio
promediode
deflight
flightleg,
leg,yy
point-to-point
point-to-point
Ventas
VentasyyDistribucin
Distribuci
Distribucin
Das
Dasms
mslargos,
largos,less
lesspeak
peak
60%
60% de
depenetracin
penetracinen
enInternet
Internet
Vuelos
VuelosNocturnos
Nocturnos
Disminuir
Disminuircomisiones
comisionesbase
basede
de6%
6%aa1%
1%
Turnarounds
Turnaroundsrpidos
rpidos
GRAFICO 12.
Frankfurt
Miami
Madrid
Cancun
Pta. Cana
Mexico City
LAN
Caracas
Codeshare
Bogot
Quito
Guayaquil
Piura
Chiclayo
Trujillo
Lima
Papeete
Easter
Island
Sydney
Auckland
Iquitos
Tarapato
Pucalpa
Puerto Maldonado
Cuzco
La Paz
Arequipa
Tacna
Arica
Iquique
Antofagasta
Calama
Copiapo
La Serena
Rio de Janeiro
Sao Paulo
Salta
Iguaz
Montevideo
Santiago
Concepcion
Temuco
Valdivia
Osorno
Pto. Montt
Balmaceda
Pta. Arenas
Rosario
Cordoba
Mendoza
Bariloche
Buenos Aires
Com. Rivadavia
Rio Gallegos
599 destinations
worldwide
Ushuaia
Alliances
TAM
12
Una mayor utilizacin de dicha flota que permita hacer un mejor uso de los
recursos y as tener una mayor eficiencia en costo por ASK. Esto implica el tener
vuelos ms temprano en la maana y ms tarde en la noche.
Una reduccin del costo a los pasajeros que los incentive a volar en esos
horarios alternativos a la operacin tradicional y de esta forma conseguir altos
factores de ocupacin a lo largo de toda la red de corto alcance.
13
Fact
Recent years have seen a flurry of new low-cost airlines as the traveling public
responds ever more enthusiastically to cheap and frequent services. While the
competition is hot, success in the long-term can only come from getting all the
ingredients right.
The essential pre-requisites
Three things need keeping in mind from the outset. First, that starting up a lowcost airline requires a deregulated market on both the domestic and the
international fronts to allow full reign for innovation paramount in this fiercely
competitive business. Second, its a costly business demanding significant
financial resources in the form of equity, loans or guarantees. And third, that to
keep ahead of the game needs top-class management talent with strong
leadership and negotiation skills.
The keys to ongoing success
Ongoing success depends on three key factors: low costs, high efficiency, and
innovative marketing.
Achieving low costs
Airline operations cost a lot of money, and for low-cost airlines in particular
its vital to trim wherever possible. Here are a few examples where the
innovative operator can achieve significant savings.
Aircraft costs
Smart decisions on aircraft purchase will save money - whether to buy
or lease, and whether new or second-hand. These decisions will of
course depend on cash considerations that is, the availability of
capital or loans. Obviously buying new directly from the manufacturer
not only allows negotiation on quantity discounts but also on
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