APPENDIX I Avoiding Plagiarism Acknowledging the Source f you have taken classes that involve writing, particularly writing and re- search, chances are good that you have heard the term plagiarism before. You may have received syllabi that mention plagiarism and describe the penalties, fori, such asa failing grade in the course o even suspension from school. You also may have read your schoo!’ plagiarism policy, which most likely offers a bilef definition of piagiarism and issues dire warnings about what will happen Ifyou plagiarize. And if you read or watch the news, You may have noticed that plagiarism is an important issue not only within academic settings but in the larger world as well. Ceatly, plagiarism is serious business, but what is it, ex- actly? And how do you avoid doing it? Defined simply, plagiarism is the unattributed use of someone else's words or ideas. This apparently simple definition can be quite complicated, however. It tends to change across contexts and may be understood differently by different readers. Despite te slipperiness of the definition, every writer has the responsibil- ity to learn how to navigate it and to attribute sources accurately and fully. Ethical researchers must acknovledge their sources because writers and readers depend 6m one anothe’s honesty. To use someone else's words or ideas without sufficient acknowledgment breaks that trust. Writers in academia are interdependent, with each of us depending on everyone else to help uphold the integrity ofthe group. Every person engaged in academic writing, from the first-time research writer the seasoned professor, shares this responsibilty. For this reason, the penalties for an academic writer who fast practice academic integrity are severe Source: Adapted from The St Martin Tao on Avan Pagaron by Margaret Price, University of Mastachusetts Amherst 351——_—_——_—— 382 es Is Important + of Soure Why Acknowledgme™ —— wiedg! con new ideas are built on older ones, Wit- tutin the Western aad ior er sourees fora amber of reasons crs give acknowledgment in 8 . sponsie an careul researcher, Acknowl *+ To indicate that you are 8 Pt ret 35. esearch. ging your sources inte 70 ace, When YOU refer to others ideas * To glve your writing ad4€4 © into that framework, readers can see and show how your own id€8 fhe your Wot your ® abou more easily what i signica’ Uo, sources help indicate what topic + Tohhelp define your esea*©™ Pen you ae taking: with whose ideas You You are addressing, what APP™°" ose ideas you are distancing yourself, and ti aiscip (in some cases) what diSCIPY cher. helps situate you as a unigee ; -e Materials: Keeping Track of Sourc® The Research Portfoli@ : ish good esearch habits and stk to Asanethicaleearche, you h0Ud eta one nvlvngonlya few sures them. esearch project, even a Tel po firm rule for how to Keep these mate auch accumulates materials. THE of research portfolio is important. This ‘als organized, Dut keeping some ' Portfolio should include js of your source information + photocopies or electronic COP! * your notes Your annotated bibliograPhY are working on drafts ofthe paper or project YO" any feedback you have receive? : : ‘omprehensive (containing all your 4 both compreher 0 ‘Organize your portfolio so that it #8 Por easy Fetrieval of information). With mater) and manageable (4eS!29 research portfolio that works for you. As txpeence, you wil Secelop a #¥PS Ofna some basi principles that vil help You collect data: however, ReeP 1 THAT void inadvertent plagiarism, Record- ovo yourrecach mates yg accutely reduces the cele ‘ng your research findings preciS©-% claim someone else's idea as your ow youvil unintentionally express #72 oS ie portor goris that can be subdivided : one Paes ioe Woe iae nae tem. Hanging file folders repFeS®APENDIXt Avoiding Plagiarism — 353 using folders to represent smaller categories. As you discover more information through your research, you will add more folders or perhaps revise the catego- ries altogether. Keep your working bibliography (see the next section) in a seps- rate folder. Also, Keep your notes and annotations for each source. Another possible structure for a research portfolio is the notebook system, in which materials are Kept in a three-ring binder, with dividers separating the catego- res. The system you use will be governed by how much material you accumu late as weil as your own organizational preferences. 2, Keep backup materials. Your portfolio should include backup copies of everything to guard against loss or computer failure, Ifa lot of your informa- tion resides on a computer, keep hard copies of everything and at least one electronic backup, 3. Make a hard copy of each source for your own use. You should print ‘out any articles that you download from an online periodical database, photo- ‘copy articles or chapters of books, and print aut all Web sites. (Most printouts ‘of Web sites will automatically note the URL and date of access. Ifthat does nct ‘occur, note this information.) These printouts will be very useful for checking ‘quotations, paraphrases, and bibliographic information, 4. Take notes on every source you collect, This step is erucial, If you simply read a source over and later consult the source directly while welting your paper, your chances of plagiarizing are much greater than if you consult your notes on the source. Moreover, you cannot truly digest a source's informa: tion unless you take notes in your own words on what you read, Maintaining a Working Bibliography ‘A working bibliography isa list ofall the sources you consult as you work on a research project. You may not need to include every source in your project, but you should Keep a list of every work you have consulted so that your records are complete. If you develop this habit, you will avoid the problem of wonder ing where you found certain facts and ideas. A working bibliography also may come in handy for future research projects. After you complete your research, keep your working bibliography so that you can consult it again if necessary. Your working bibliography should include complete information for each source so that you can write your citations easily (see Appendix Il, Document: Ing the Source). This information includes the author's name, the title of the ‘work, the title of the book or periodical the work comes from (if applicable), the volume or issue number, the place of publication, the publishing company, the date of publication, and inclusive page numbers. Note any other informa tion that pertains to the work's publication, such as whether itis a volume in a series, an edition other than the frst, or a translation. Write down the infor ‘mation for each source as you begin using it. You can also keep your working354 APPENDIX Avoiding Plagiarism, bibliography on a computer file; this technique allows you to easily transfer the bibliography into your final draft later on. ‘Taking Notes: Knowing Where Each Idea and Word Comes From It is easy to assume that the research process and the writing process are separate— "First esearch, and then I wrlte”—Dbut in fact, researching and writ- ing should be intimately intertwined, As you read and research, new Ideas occur to you. Your research question begins to change shape and sometimes to change direction. The development of your own thoughts in turn leads to a different reading of your sources. Taking notes and writing drafts while you research ar essential. If you wait to begin note-taking and drafting until you have “finished! ‘your research, the rich mixture of ideas and thoughts you created while research~ Ing will never be captured on paper. ‘You may be surprised to learn that research Involves so much writing before you begin writing your “real” paper, but note-taking is not an optional or extra step. All responsible researchers write notes before (and while) drafting their proj- fects, They ate crucial building blocks of an effective research project. A detailed note-taking system makes writing a paper much easier. “To master each source's information and argument—and avold plagiarizing — it is best to take concise notes in your own words, including page numbers for the location in each source, When you come to a comment in the source that you think you will want to quote in your paper, be sure to write it out accurately, with quotation marks around it and the page number from the ‘Taking careful notes while you are researching also makes it easier to deter- mine which ideas are your own. Any plagiarism policy that you read will say that plagiarism is the act of representing someone else's words or ideas as your own. Summarizing or paraphrasing requires that you take another person's {dea and put it into your own words. Clearly, then, its better to write as you go rather than to save the writing, for the end of a research project, but how do you go about doing it? Here are some concrete note-taking strategies. ‘+ Write an instant draft, Before you begin researching, or as early in the research process as possible, write a draft that describes what argument you want to make or what question you want to explore. Writing profes- sors Charles Moran and Anne Herrington call this an “instant draft.” An. instant draft will be a tentative, somewhat disorganized plece of writing since you have not yet done your research. Its purpose is to capture what yuu huiuw about a subject before you begin consulting other people's ideas, In your instant draft, address the following questions: What do IAPPENDIX. avoiding Plagiais™ areay vow about this topic? Where have tsoten my information from sof? Do have a strong feling or stance on this topic? What questions do ave about the topic? What is are) the main thing() want to find ou trough my research? Where will 1 bes looking for this information? What do Ine help with? Whom can [ask for that help? An instant draft isa research memo to ‘yourself and is enormously helpful in providing a recorded baseline for ‘your knowledge. As you learn more and more through your research, you ‘will always know where you started out and hence which ideas you have acquired through researching, + Annotate each source. Before you begin taking more detailed notes, annotate each source you have just read. That is, write a brief summary of the source's main point and key ideas. Its helpful to include annotations {in your working bibliography (which turns it into an annotated bibliogea- phy). Some Instructors will ask you to turn in an annotated bibliography with your final drat. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting You can record someone else's words or ideas in your notes by using three tech niques summarizing. praphrasing, and quoting. Summarizing and paaphay ing involve putting asource’s words into Your own, quoting involves eecoding 2 source’ exact words, After you practice these techniques independent. 8 good lea to show your notes to your instructor and to ask for Riso her com: ments on the effectiveness of your note-taking. I it complete? Ist accurate? When summarizing and paraphrasing, do you put othe authors Ideas ino your own words effectively? 1, Summarizing. To summarize is to rephrase a relatively large amount of information into a short statement in your own words. Although some infor- ‘mation will inevitably be lost, your job is to record what you see as the main {dea of the passage, Summarizing is useful when you want to give a reader the ast of a relatively lengthy passage without going into every detail, 2. Paraphrasing. To paraphrase isto restate something with your own words and sentence structure. Unlike a summary, a paraphrase is generally about as long as the original passage. Because you are changing the language, you will also inevitably change the meaning of the passage slightly, but yout job is to keep the meaning as intact as possible. Paraphrasing is useful when you want to convey another author's exact Idea but not his or her exact words, pechaps because the language is highly technical or pechaps because a quote would te distracting. 3. Quoting. To quote is to state a source’s exact words, signaled by the we of quotation marks. If you change a quotation in any way, you must indicate 355,356 arrest Avoiding Plagiarism this change by including three-dot ellipsis points (when you omit patt of a {quotation} or square brackets (when you make a slight change or addition for Garification). Ina final draft, quotations are often less useful than summaries, for paraphrases because quotations break up the flow of your writing and often, require fairly extensive explanation. Quotations are useful, however, when you ‘want to capture a source's exact wording. Knowing Which Sources to Acknowledge Beginning researchers often ask, “Do I have to cite everything?” It isa good question because not every piece of information in a research paper must be cited. Figur- ing out what to cite can be difficult, even for experienced researchers. Generally, if you are unsure, include a citation. Its always better to have an unnecessary tation in your paper than to omit one that is necessary. Materials That Do Not Require Acknowledgment Here are some types of materials that usually do not require acknowledgment in research projects: + Common knowledge. It is often easy to spot pieces of common knowl edge. For example, the sky is blue, the United States has fifty states, and the 1996 presidential candidates were Bill Clinton and Bob Dote are all. pieces of information that appear in various sources, but because they are |known to just about everyone, you do not need to cite a source. Some- times, however, recognizing common knowledge becomes tricky because ‘common knowledge for one person may not be common knowledge for another. Identifying your audience Is the key to recognizing common knowledge. If you know what audience you are writing to, you will have a clearer idea of what your readers would consider common knowledge. ‘As always, if you are unsure, be more conservative rather than less so. «+ Fact. Uncontested pieces of information that can be found in many different sources — particularly reference sources such as encyclopedias—do rot require acknowledgment. In The St. Martin's Handbook, writing professor Andrea Lunsford gives an example of one such fact: that most of the Pearl Harbor military base, except oil tanks and submarines, was destroyed on December 7, 1941, by Japanese bombers. She adds an example of informa- tion on the same topic that does require citation: “a source that argued thatthe failure to destroy the submarines meant that Japan was destined to lose the subsequent war with the United States” (394). The distinction Lunsford makes here i between fact (something commonly accepted as tue) and opinion (something that ts arguable).APPENDIX | « Aveiding Pla sm 387 + Your own ideas. Recognizing that an idea is your own can sometimes be difficult, especially during the research process, when you are reading and absorbing so many others’ ideas. A good way to capture your avn ideas is to write a draft Before you begin researching. + Your own field research. Knowledge that you create by conducting a field study such as a survey, an interview, or an observation is considered your own work. You do not need to cite this sort of information, but another Kind of ethics guides the fled researcher. You should be clear about how you collected the information. In addition, you should be scrupulous about protecting your participants’ autonomy (be sure to quote them accurately, and ask for their feedback when possible), Materials That Do Require Acknowledgment Anything that you draw from another source, untess it falls into one of the ca ‘egories described above (common knowledge, fact, your own ideas, and your own, field research), must be cited. Your citations shoul appeae in two places: in the body of your paper and in alist at the end of the paper. The style of citation your Instructor has asked you to use will affect the formatting of these citations, Com- plete bibliographic information for each source will appear in a section titled “Bibliography” (see Appendix II, Documenting the Source). The following list is suggestive, but not exhaustive. New kinds of Informa= ton are always emerging. Generally speaking, however, here are the types of ‘materials that require acknowledgment in academic writing: + Another person's words. Direct quotations must always be cited, ‘+ Another person's ideas. Even if you rephrase someone else's idea by paraphrasing or summarizing it, you must cite it. Citations for para- pphrases and summaries look just like citations for quotations, except that no quotation marks are used. + Judgments, opinions, and arguments. Arguable information, such as the idea about the effect of the Pearl Harbor bombing discussed previously, ‘must be cited. Whenever you offer an idea from another source that could be argued, acknowledge that itis this individual's point of view. You should do so even if you thought of the idea and fhien encountered it through your research. You can indicate in your writing that you came to the idea independently of the other author, but you cannot omit mention ‘of the other author. ‘+ Visual information. If you use a chart, graph, or picture from another source—or if you use the information from that chart, graph, or picture—acknowledge the source, + Information that can be attributed to a company or organization rather than a single person, Web sites ancl corporate publications often,358 APPENDIX Avoiding Plagiarism to not st invidal authors In ths case the organization that spon- sored the Web ste or publiation shouldbe listed as the author the tutor ls unknown, your citation should indeate that «Infomation gathered from class lectures or from another aural tource. I you heard information rater than saw, you must stl cite Yu ean eke Information you have heard in various way, including as & Ieeture, a8 personal communication, or as an interte + Generat help offered by readers. Sometimes the feedback you receive ffom eades ouch as your teacher, classmates, and frend) wil affect the Shape of your work, but not ls content, For instance a classmate might ‘ers suggestion for making your introduction more Interesting. this Cave, the bes way to acknowledge you classmate’ contribution in a Toto thanks appended tothe paper. Such “Acknowledgment notes emery appear athe en of academe papers orn a footnote added to the tle o fs paragraph you look ata refereed history ural, you will see examples of less formal acknowledgments of this kind. Learning these rules and following them appropriately Is one of your respon- sibilities as a member of an academic or writing community. Even if you plagia- rize unintentionally, the penalties for plagiarism—which can be very severe—still apply to you. For more information on plagiarism, consult your school's or your department's guidelines. For more detailed and constructive information, speak ‘with your instructor, who probably has a good idea of what sort of citation is expected. You should also find out if your school has a writing center with tutor- ing available. Tutors can discuss ways of citing information and often can refer ‘you to other sources of information ifyou need additional help. A third resource to consider is a writing handbook that includes the rules of academic citation as well as guidelines on conducting research, managing information, and citing sources responsibly.APPENDIX IL Documenting the Source hhenever you use another researcher's work as a source in your own writ ing, whether you quote the researcher's words directly or rely on the researchers evidence and theorles to support your arguments, you must include documentation for that source. This requirement is equally true when using a ‘map, photograph, table, or graph created by someone else. The reasons for this are twofold. Fist, to avoid any possibility of plagiarism, you must always include proper documentation forall source materials (see Appendix |, Avoiding Plagia rism). Second, a proper citation gives important information to your reader about where to find a particular source, be it on a Web site, in a book at the library, ot in an archive in your local community, When documenting sources, historians use a standard form based on the recommendations published in The Chicago Manual of Style, All the documenta tion models presented here are consistent with the guidelines published in the sixteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chi- cago Press, 2010). For each source type, You will see a citation style that can be used for either a footnote, which appears at the bottom of the page of text, oF an endnote, which appeats at the end of a chapter or at the end of the whole text, These model notes are indicated by an “N’ In the margin. Each note is fol lowed by an example of how this source type would be cited In a bibliography, ‘Model bibliography entries are marked by a “B” in the margin. Two examples are ‘provided because footnote/endnote citation style is slightly different from bib- ography citation style. ‘The examples provided here illustrate how to cite the various types of sources that appear In Going to the Source, and they will help you address many of the 359360 APPENDIX Docu sing the Source documentation issues associated with sources that you come across in your research. This guide is not a comprehensive list, however, and as you dig further into the past, you may uncover source types that are not covered in this brief gulde. For additional information about documenting sources in the Chicago style, please see bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc. Documentation Basics ‘When you are wondering what to include in a citation, the question to keep in mind is, “What does my reader need to know to find this source?” When citing sources internally, you should use the footnote or endnote style. Footnotes and endnotes are used to document specific instances of borrowed text, ideas, or information. The first time you cite a source, you need to include the full publi cation information for that source—the author’ full name, source ttle (and sub- title, if there is one), and facts of publication (city, publisher, and date) —along, ‘with the specific page number you are referencing, 1. David Paul Nord, Communities of Joumalism: A History of American Newspapers and Their Readers (Urbana: University of Tnois Press, 2001), 78 If you refer to that source later in your paper, you need to include only the ‘author’ last name, an abbreviated version of the title, and the page or pages cited, 4. Nerd, Communities of Journalism, 110-22 [A bibliography is used in addition to footnotes or endnotes to list all the ‘works you consulted in completing your paper, even those not directly cited in. your footnotes. The sources included In your bibliography should be listed Alphabetically, so the citation style for a bibliographic entry begins with the author's last name first Nord, David Paul. Communities of Journalism: A History of Amercon Newspapers and Their Readers. Urbana: University of Ilinas Press, 2001 BOOKS = 1. Standard format for a book The standard form for citing a book is the same whether there is an editor or an author, the only difference being the inclusion of “ed.” to indicate that an edi- tor compiled the work| 1. Standard format fora book, 360 2. Book with two or more authors or editors, 361 3, Edited book, 362 | Directory of Documentation Models APPENDIX M+ Documenting the Source 364 13. Newspaper article, 365 14, Letter to the editor, 366 INTERNET SOURCES, 15, Document from a Web site, 366 4, Multivolume book, 362 S. Book with an anonymous author, 362 16. An entire Web site, 365 PUBLIC DocUMENTS 17. Executive department document, 367 18. Congressional testimony, 367 19. Court records, 367 20. Online government document, 368 | SECTIONS OR DOCUMENTS WITHIN BOOKS 6, Book-length work within a book, 363 7. Chapter or article from a book, 363 8, Published letter or other | correspondence, 363 ‘OTHER sources 9. Table, graph, or chast, 364 21, Advertisement, 368 10, Mlustration, 364 22. Audio recording, 368 23, Painting, 368 veniopicats. 24. Photograph or other achival material, 369 11, Journal article, 365 25. Unpublished letter or other 12, Popular magazine, 365 correspondence, 369 1. Tim Johnson, ed., Spirit Capture: Photographs from the National Museum of the N ‘American Indian (Washington, D: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998), 102, Sohnson, Tim, ed, Spirit Cepture: Photographs from the Notional Museum ofthe Americon — B. Indian. Washington, OC: Smithsonian Institution Pres, 1998 2, Book with two or more authors or editors When citing a source from a book with two or three authors or editors, you ‘need to include the names of all the authors (or editors) in the order that they appeat on the title page. Ifa work has more than three authors, you need to include all the names in your bibliography. In your footnotes or endnotes, you need only include the name of the lead author followed by “and others” of “et al.” with no intervening comma. 2 Graham Russell Hodges and Alan Edward Brown, eds, “Pretend to Be Fee" N Runaway Slave Advertisements from Colonial ond Revolutionary New York and New Jersey (ew York: Garland, 1994), £8.362 APPENDIX I 8 Documenting the Source Hodges, Graham Russell, and Alan Edvard Brown, eds. “Pretends to Be Free”: Runoway ‘Slave Advertisements from Colonial ond Revolutionary New York and New Jersey New, York: Garland, 1996. = 3. Edited book ‘Sometimes a book will have an author and an editor. In that case, you need to include both the author's and the editor's names. 5. Hila Sat Polacheck, 1 Came a Stranger: The Story of Hull House Gir, ed. Dena J Polacheck Epstein (Urbana: University of Ilinos Press, 1991), 36 Polacheck, Mlds Satt. Come a Stronger: The Story of @ Hull-Mouse Gir, Edited by Dena 3. Polacheck Epstein Urbana: University of Tinots Press, 1991, If the edited book does not have an author, Ist it according to the editor’ 1. Robin Wright, ed, The Iran Primer (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2010), 59-60 Weight, Robin, ed, The Iron Prime. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2010. = 4. Multivolume book If you are referring to a specific volume in a multivolume work, you need to specify which volume you used. This information should come before the page reference toward the end of the citation, 4, Berard Bailyn, ed., The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist ond Ant Federalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters during the Strugle over Ratification (New York: Library of America, 1993), 2:759-61 Baily, Bernard, e4, The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Anti-Federlst ‘Speches, Articles, nd Letters during the Struggle over Ratification. 2 vols. New York: Library of America, 1993. Sometimes individual volumes in a multivolume work have separate vol- ‘ume titles. When citing a particular volume, you should include the volume title fest followed by the name of the complete work. 5, Book with an anonymous author ‘Many books printed in the nineteenth century were published anonymously. If the author's name was omitted from the title page but you know from yourAPPENDIX. - Documenting the Source 363, research who the author is, insert the name in square brackets; if you do not know who the actual author is, begin the citation with the work's title. Avoid using “Anonymous” or “Anon.” in citations. As originally published, the author of The Mother's Book was listed as “Mrs. Child,” so this citation includes that Information along with the full name in brackets 5. Mis. (Lydia Mara] Child, The Mother's Baok (Boston: Carter, Hendee, and N Babcock, 1881), 23. Chil, (Lydia Maria). The Mother’s Book. Boston: Carter, Hendee, and Babcock, 1831, 8 SECTIONS OR DOCUMENTS WITHIN BOOKS = 6. Book-length work within a book Sometimes, the source you are using may be a book-length work that has been reprinted within a longer work. In that case, you need to include both titles along with the editor of the longer work. 6, Alvar Nufie Cabeza de Vaca, The Noratve of Cabeza de Voca, in Spanish N Explorers inthe Southern United Stotes, 1528-1543, ed, Frederic W, Hodge (New York Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907), 52-54, 76-78, 81-82, Cabeza de Vacs, Alvar NUex. The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca. In Spanish Explores in the Souther United Stotes, 1528-1543, edited by Frederick W. Hodge. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1907 = 7. Chapter or article from a book If you want to cite a particular chapter from a book, you should include the title of the chapter in quotation marks before the tte of the book. 7. ick L. Rutz, “The Flapper andthe Chaperone,” in From Out of the Shadows: Mexicar — N Women in Twentith-Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 12-26. Ruz Vicki L. “The Flapper and the Chaperone." In From Out ofthe Shadows: Mexican B Women in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, = 8. Published letter or other correspondence ‘When citing published letters, memoranda, telegrams, and the like, you need to include the name of the sender and the recipient along with the date of the cortespondence. Memoranda, telegrams, and other forms of communication should be identified as such in your citation after the recipient’ nan and before the date, but letters do not need to be specifically noted as such.364 APPENDIX N Documenting the Source {8 dames Buchanan to Juan N. Almonte, March 10, 1845, in Diplomatic Correspondence ofthe United State: Inter-American Affoirs, 1831-1860, ed. William R. tanning (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for Intemational Peace, 1937), 8:163, Buchanan, James. James Buchanan to Juan N. Almonte, March 10, 1865. In Diplomatic Correspondence ofthe United Stats: Inter-American Affi, 1831-1860, edited by William R, Manning, Washington, OC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1937. @ 9. Table, graph, or chart Whenever you incorporate statistical data into your work, it is important to document your evidence. If you borrow a table, graph, or chart from another Source, You must cite it just as you would quoted material in your text. Include ’ citation in appropriate footnote format to the source of the borrowed infor- mation directly below it. If you change the table, graph, or chart in any way (for example, eliminating unnecessary information or adding another element such asa percent calculation to it), use the phrase “adapted from” in your cita- tion, which signals to the reader that you have altered the original. Ifa number is used to identify the data in the original source, that information should also be included at the end of the citation. 9. Adapted fom Hinton R. Helper, The Impending Criss ofthe South: How to Meet {Te (New York: Burdick Brothers, 1857), 73, table XVIL Because you would not cite any one particular table in your bibliography, you would follow the style for citing the book, periodical, or Web site where the data you consulted first appeared. = 10. Illustration When citing drawings, paintings, and other Images that appear in a book, include the illustration title and author followed by the publication inform: tion for the book, In the note, include the page number for the item as well as any figuee or plate number assigned to It. 10, Theodore de Bry, “Btds and Fish of New England,” Michael Alexander, ed., Discovering the New World: Based an the Works of Theodore de Bry (New York: Harper and Row, 1976), 202. de Bry, Theodore, “Birds and Fish of New England.” In Discovering the New World: Based ‘onthe Works of Theodore de Bry, eéited by Michael Alexander, New York: Harper and Row, 1976.[APPENDIX tl - Docuumerting the Source PERIODICALS Journals are scholarly publications that are usually published a few times a yeat Popular magazines are written for the general public and are most often published on a monthly or weekly basis. Most newspapers are published daily, although some small local papers are published weekly. The following examples demon- strate the style for citing each type of periodical. you consult an online period. cal, the style for citing this source would be the same, with the addition of the URL at the end of your citation, 11. Journal article ‘When citing an article from a journal, you need to include the volume number, issue number (when given), and date of publication. 11, Elizabeth A, Fenn, "Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst,” Journal of American History 86, no. & (2000): 1552-80, Fenn, Elizabeth A. “Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Deffery Amherst." Journal of Americon History 86, no. 4 (2000): 1852-80, = 12. Popular magazine ‘When citing material from a popular magazine, you need to include only the magazine title followed by the date of publication and the page number{s) for the material. If you are citing from a regular feature of the magazine, you should include the ttle of the feature in the citation. If there isan author of the mage zine article or the magazine's regular feature, the author's name would appeae firs: in your citation, followed by the name of the feature. 12. Benjamin Spock, “Should Mothers Work?” Ladies’ Home Journal, Januaty- February, 1963, 16, 18, 21 Spock, Benjamin, “Should Mothers Work?” Ladies’ Home Journal, January-February, 1963. = 13. Newspaper article ‘When citing newspaper articles, you must include the day, month, and year of publication, and the author ifthe article had a byline. Chicago stye allows for page numbers to be omitted because newspapers often publish several editions each day and these editions are generally paginated diferent. 13, John Dickinson, “The Liberty Song,” Boston Gozete, July 18, 1768, Dickinson, John. "The Liberty Song.” Boston Gazette, July 18, 1768 36536 APPENDIX Documenting the Source @ 14, Letter to the editor For letters to the editor published in newspapers and magazines, include the letter title (if any) as well as the words “letter to the editor.” +14, Evalyn F, Thomas, “odern American Housewife," letter tothe editor, Ladies’ Home Journal, March 1956, 6 8. Thomas, Evalyn F, “Modern American Housewife.” Letter to the editor. Ladies’ Home Journal, March 1956. INTERNET SOURCES = 15, A document from a Web site ‘To cite a document found on a Web site, you need to provide as much of the following information as possible: the author, the name of the document with original date of publication, the name of the site, the sponsor or owner of the site, and the URL, Also include the date that the site was last revised or modi- fied; if that is unavailable, include the date that you accessed the site. Sometimes a Web archive will include a document number; when available, you should Include this cataloging number as well. 15, Wiliam Plumer, “An address, delivered at Portsmouth, N.H., on the Fourth of ‘uly, 1828," Fourth of July Oration Collection, University of Missouri Special Collections and Rare Books, last revised October 20, 2009, £286.P65, http://mulibraries. missouri «tdu/specialeollections/fourth.htm. Plumer, Wiliam, “An address, delivered at Portsmouth, NLK., on the Fourth of July, 1828.” Fourth of July Oration Collection, University of Missouri Special Collections and Rare Boots, Lat revised October 20, 2009. £286.P65. htp://mulbrares.missour «edu /specialcollections/fourth.htm, 16. An entire Web site ‘To cite an entire Web site, you need Include only the author of the site (if known), the name of the site, the sponsor or owner of the site, the date of the last revision or modification (or, if unavailable, the access date), and the URL. 16, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Immigration History Research Center, University of Minnesota, last modified December 8, 2010, http://ihre.umn.edu/. Univesity of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Immigration History Reseorch Center ‘University of Minnesota, Last modified December 8, 2010. http:/ibre.umn.edu/. |APPENDEC I Documenting the Source 367 PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. = 17. Executive department document For government documents issued by the executive branch, include the name of the department or commission that created the document, the name of the document, and the publication information. 17. Presidents Commission on the Stats of Women, Americon Women: Report of the N President's Commission on the Status of Women, 1963 (Washington, DC: U.S, Government Printing Office, 1963), 27, 28-30, 18,19 President's Commissian on the Status of Women. American Women: Report of the B President's Commission on the Stotus of Women, 1963. Washington, OC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963. 18. Congressional testimony ‘Testimony given before a congressional committee is usually published in a book. The exact name of the committee is given in the title ofthe work in which the testimony appears. 18, United States Congress, Report of the Joint Select Committe to Inquire into the N Condition of Affairs in the Lote Insurectionary States, vol. 2, South Carolina, Part £ (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1872), 25-28, 33-34, United States Congress Report ofthe Joint Select Committee to Taqute into the Conditior ‘of Affairs inthe Lote Insurectionayy States. Vol. 2, South Carolina, Prt I Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1872, = 19. Court records When citing legal cases in historical writing, the name of the plaintiff appears first, followed by the name of the defendant, and both names are italicized ‘The first time you cite the case, you should also include the court and year in which the case was decided. Supreme Court decisions are published by the government in a series called United States Reports. When citing Supreme Court ecisions, you need to include the name of the case in italics followed by the number of the volume that contains the particular case, the abbreviation “US.” for United States Reports, page numbers, and the year of the decision. 19, Korematsu ». United States, 323 USS. 242, 242-48 (1944). N Korematsu v, United Stotes, 323 US. 242, 242-48. 1964. B368 APPENDIX I Documenting the Source 20. Online government document For governfient documents accessed online, include everything you would for print publication, as well as the date of last modification (or your access date) and the URL, 20. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Document PL 88-352, Intemational Information Programs, U.S, State Department, page revised August 13, 1996, itp://202.61.85 .234:8000 nfoUSA/Laws/majrtan/civitr9.htm. Civit Rights Act of 1964. Document PL 88-352. International Information Prograns, US. State Department. Page revised August 13, 1996, http://202.61.85.234:8000 flnfolSh/laws/majolaw/cvilet9.htm. OTHER SOURCES a 21. Advertisement ‘To cite an advertisement, provide the name of the company or institution, the ‘name of the ad, and the publication information for the periodical in which the ad appeared, Advertisements should be included in notes, but not bibliographies. 21, Huteal of New York, “Life insurance? Far a wife? That's money down the drain!” advertisement, appeared in Newsweek, May 6, 1968, 57. 22, Audio recording For citing an audio recording, include information as you would for a print source. If you retrieved the recording online, include the latest modification date (or your access date) and the URL 22, "Bxecutive Committee Meeting ofthe NSC on the Cuban Missile Criss,” Octo- ber 24, 1962, transcrit and Adobe Fash ausio, 37.4, Presidential Recontings Program, Willer Center of Publi Affairs, University of Virginia, accessed February 22, 2011, ht millercenter.org/sripps/archive/presdentialrecordings kennedy/1962/10_1962 “Executive Committee Meeting of the NSC on the Cuban Missle Crisis.” October 24, 1962, Transcript and Adobe Flash audio, 37.4. Presidential Recordings Progrom. Millet Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Accessed February 22, 2031. http:// millecenterorg/sripps/archive /presidentialrecardings/kennedy/1962/20_1962, 23. Painting ‘When citing paintings that appear in a catalog, archive, or database, you need to include the artwork’s catalog or accession number If available, This docu- mentation will help other researchers locate the original source. Generally,APPENDIX tl « Documeating the Source specific works of art are not included in your bibliography, but if a particular painting is important to your research, you may list it in your bibliography by the painter's name firs. 23, George Catlin, Shén-ka-Ki-He-Go, Hose Chef, Grond Pawnee Head Chief (1832, Smithsonian American Art Museum: 1985.66.93). atln, George. Shéa-Ka-KiNe-Go, Horse Chief, Grand Pawnee Head Chief. 1832, ‘Smithsonian American Art Museum: 1985.66.99, 24. Photograph or other archival material Any material found in an archive or depository —be ita photograph, diary, letter, or map—needs to be cited just as published material would be. The name of the author (or photographer, in the case of photographs) should appear first, fol lowed by the title of the Image or document being cited in quotation marks, the date, and the name of the archive or depository. Ifa source from a collection is important enough to your work, you can mention that source specifically in your bibliography. If you make use of more than one photograph or other type ‘of source from a particular collection, however, you need only cite them gener ally in your bibliography. 26, George P, Barnard, “Ruins of Charleston, S.C," 1866, Belnecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. Photographs, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale Unversity 25. Unpublished letter or other correspondence Unpublished letters and those that have not been archived should include some indication of this fact, such as “in the author's possession” or “private collection.” Ifthe letter was found in an archive, the location of the depository ‘would be included as well. (For Information on how to cite material found in an archive, see the section “Photograph or other archival material,” above.) 25, Jeff Rogers to Wiliam and Adele Rogers, November 10, 1968, inthe author's possession, Rogers, Jeff Jeff Rogers to William and Adele Rogers, November 10, 1968. Inthe authors possession.370 Acknowledgments continued) ages 87.90 Source 1): From 1 Came a Sanger: The Stay of Hal House Gi. Copyegt 1989 by the Bed of Tastee ofthe Utes of line Used wth permision ofthe Univesty oF no ages 93-96 (Source 3: Fom Rosa: Te ie ofa Halan Inogant by Male Hal Es, University cof Wistonsin Pos, 1999, Used by permission ofthe Unversity of Wisconsin Pres. Tages 140-143 Source 3} Segeant Elmer Stra, Serguar’s Dyn de Word War, volume 3, idiot Word War Records (dlanapoi Indiana Historical Commission, 1923), 11-33. ‘ages 156-189 (Source 1} "Despedida de un Noreno/An Emigrant’ Farewell rom Paul. Tay- ton "Songs ofthe Meacan Nigra." Puro Mexcono,). Frank Doble, ed Publications of the Tes Feidre Society no. 2. austin Texas FllcLore Society, 1998. 222-21 Pages 159-160 (Source 2 "Adsce to the Nowhere” (Coaseos aos norte) Mara Herve soba Pages 161-162 (Source 3): “The Northernes” (Los notenos), Maria Here Sobek ages 162-1et (Source 3): “Defense ofthe Emigrants (Defensa de os roves). Maa Herrera Sobek Pages 164-168 (Source Sj "Bll of Fennsyvania” (Coro de Mensivanla).Belamin J. Gain. Pages 165-166 (Source) “Verses of the Bet eid Workes” (Vases de los betabelero ena smi) alina Tage 16 Source 7: "Mesicans Who Speak English (Los Mexicanos que hablan ingles). Benj sin alin "yes 167-168 (Source 8) “Radios and Chicanos” (Radios ychisnos) Benjamin J. Galina, Fags Lot-1o9 (Source 9: "he Kane” (lvancho), Benjamin | Gala. Fags 169-190 [Source 10) fed fandannas {Los patos colados," “Los patos colorado Red andnas (Los panos cloras) fom Mano Game, Mest Imation to the United States A Shut t Hm Sigation and Astin Ne Yous: Dover, 1971) Pages 277-281 (Source 1); Pata Decade How the United Sats Traded Fats fr Flown inthe seve, by uth sen, Yate Unverty Paes, 2010.Copyight © 2000 by Judith Stein. Used by permision of te pubishes. ages 281-285 (Source i Excerpt fom Stayin Ave: Tie 1970s an he Last ys ofthe Waking cute Si © 0 by Jason Coe Hoel pmisten of The Ne Pt. wot hence "ges 326-27 Bours om tami of Met of Un of Auto Actus a Agdctial Implementation Wotkes of Amen (UAW-CiO). Reprinted by permson of United ‘ato Workers, Page 327 toute 2: “Moder American House," eter to the editor, writen by aeade froma ‘cast aly, CA Originally published inthe March 1986 sve of Lads Home furl mageane ‘iris westved Pages 328-329 (Source 3; “Women Know They Are Not Men: When Will Busines Varn Tis Vatuale Secret and Arange Women’s Working Condions Accordingly” by Forks Scot Maxell Dtignally published inthe November 1938 sue of Lads Home faoaa® magazine. Allright reserve, ages 330-331 (Source 5}: "Should Mothers Work?” Advice caluma by Dr. Benlamin Spock, aes ome jue, Janay February, 1963, Orginal published in the January-February, 1968 {ee f Lae Home fora ® magaine Al righ rserved ages 331-350 (Source 6) Postion Paper, "Wy Femialsts Want Child Care” Postion papes National Organization for Women {N.O.W) 1969. New York City Chapter, Paper, Box 10, Ta ‘et Library Reprinted by permrson af NOW-NYC. Tages 34-388 Source Of “Whats rang wth Squat Rights for Women?” by Phyl Shia, February, 1972. Reprinted by persion of te author. "ages 336-337 Gout Fase Ae opie" by Carl Hall fom Fre To Be. You and Me (0 1988 Fee To Be foundation, inc: Used by pemisionAcinowledgments 371 age 339 (Source 11): The Second Ste, by Bety Freda. Copyright © 1981 Reprinted by permis sion of curs Brown, Li, age 240 (Source 12) From "Should We Expect Black Women to be Supetmothets” by Claudia ‘Tate, Eton, Sept 1984, Used by permission ofthe authors ete Pages 4°45 Source 18; From The Hanon Pt Api 2 1998 © 1998 Washigion toa Company. All igts reserved. Used by permission and protected by the Copynght ams of th Unite states The pring, copying wedstubuton, or retansmission of ths Content withoxt xpress niten person sprite,Index Letters in parentheses lowing page numbers refer to: (figures {oatestrations (ow) maps abies ACLU (Amerlean Civil iberties Union), 199-200, 208-5 Addams, Jane, 81, 88-80, 97 avertiements se lsermagazine advertisements ‘lacier National Pat, 31, 3940-430 historia evidence in, 104-7 for Mexican consumers, 148 advice column, "Shout Mothers Work?” (Spock), 330-31 ‘advice to the Northernes” (folk song), 156, 139-60) AEF (American Expeditionary Fore, 124,128, 0-31 Afghanistan, 293, 314 ‘rian Americans; se also magazine advertisment rack diseiminaton; racial Segregation affirming respectablty of 12-3, 105 civil sights of 27-28, 100-102 Jn Congress, 280, 264 fee, Klan violence agains, 1-4 2), 27 murals depicting, 177, 1924-19340 voting rights for, 2, 28, 100,101, 26-6 as working mothers, 320, 340 in World Worl, 130-31, Akerman, Amos, 27 Allied powers, World War 125-26 casualties among, 15 dffensve by, 127-28, 1271 Aly the aay CY prgsa) 267-72 characters of 268(° Tabor strikes and, 286-87 124, 372 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 199-200, 208-9 American Expeditionary Force TAEP, 124, 125, 130-31 American Protective Association, i American Railway Union (ARU}, 557 [chicago strike and, 64 federal troops and, 72 ‘ational boycott by, $861, wrt stake losute and, 73 US. strike Commission report, ‘on, 75 American Seene painting, 179,180, ‘American Wren: Report of the ‘resident Commission on the Status of Worse, 3250 329-30, enc cuae beets, 208-4, 208-10 Andropos, Yul, 298, 303,204 “Argonne, battle of see Meuse “Argonne bate argument) ‘tauthor, 271 ‘of cartoonist, 294 constructing own, 322 Supreme Coutt, 202-4, 206-10 anise freedom, 176, 196,294, 296 Artey, Bob, “Srey they'll not be Sostupid as to Keep on coming!” 2971, 301, 3010) arts, governient funding of 175277, 104-96; se ulso rurale, post office RU see American Railway Uoion (aRU Asay, Chuck, “The US. bargaining ‘hip! 2971, 30, 3087), aobiographes, 78-99 analyzing, 96-97 backround for, 78-82 rest of the story, 97-98. thing the source, 82-85, 86) Avtomobiebadnstry eral ‘Groppen, 181, 1810) Bal, George W: "Executive Committee and, 222() presidential tapes with, 22910, 233, 235, 286, 238 Balad of Gregorio Corer, The” otk song), 154 “Batad of Pennsylvania” lk Song), 156(, 164-65 allad of Sespe Ranch, The" folk song), 172 | bay, Bch, 265, : Bayh, Eva, 265 | Bay of Pgs tnvasion, 219-21, 224 | Boek, James B, 24-26 Bee Gees, 272 Belafonte, Hary, 336 erin Wall fall of, 312 | Bethune, Mary McLeod, 114, 118 Bethune Cookman Caliege, 1 Bill f Rights, wactime violations 19) Birheustein, Cathy, 273 Black, Hugo L211 Blackdom, New Mexico advertisement, 1130) “lachiet and Park Goltes” “plnotograph), 370, 41,410 Tuk Switchboaed™ {photograph 3840, 49,490)Blackfeet Indions, 29-3 se also photographs Image of, 31-32 Tawsult on behalf of, 29, 51-52 territory of 310m) “Blackfeet Performance (photograph, 34,351, 38/0, 45,450) Blackfeet reservation, photographs taken on, 38/0, 24-800) Bats, Frank, 15, Blight, James G, 240 ‘book lttoductions, 267-88 analyzing, 286 background for, 267-71 rest of the story, 286-87 ‘sing the source, 271-75, 27609 Iracero Program, 161.171 Breslin, jimmy, 283 Brewster, Mary, 86, 92-99 Brezhnev, Leonid, 291 Diets, Supreme Court, 202-4, 206-10 ‘Brow Boa of Education, 121, 283, Beyson, Bernarda, 184 Dutta, 30 Bundy, McGeorge, 219 Executive Committee and, 22) presidential tapes with, 225, 22840), 230, 231, 233-38 ‘Bureau of Indian Affi, 30,52 Burke, Kenneth, 273, Burton, Dewey, 273-75, 281-83, 28s Bush, ily, 19 Bush, George H.W, 313-14 bush, George Wi, 263, 294-95 Bush, Je, 294 busing, mandatory, 269, 281-85 ‘Bussing. Wheaton Kitchen Supplies seavertisement, 1110) camer, boxtype, 35, 4 "Can't you se Fm tying to fll oe? cartoon; Sanders 2971, 299, 2994), carieature, 294 carpetbaggers, 2 Carranza, Venustlano, 167 (Carell, Peter, 270, (Cate, jimmy, 269-70, 279,287,209 (Caner Marshall "Fat! 240 ‘artoons, 37), 322; ee also comic strips cartoons, politica, 289-315 analyzing, 312 background for, 289-93, ‘of Reside, 295, 2981) rest ofthe story, 312-14 ‘sing the source, 293-96, 2970-2984) Cassettar, Gionin, 93,95, 96 Cassettarl, Rosa, 78-75, 93-96 rmemolt of, 81-85, 97-98 Casto, Fide, 219-20, 223, 241 Catholics, hostility toward, 149 Celle, Emmanuel, 245 Central powers, World War 1, 124 Chamberlain, D. H., 6-7, 910) Leas Chavez, César, 172 ‘Chernenko, Konstantin, 291, 304 ‘Chicago newspapers in, 54, 59-76 Pollman strike in, 56, 64-67 {Chicago Commons Settlement, 81 (Casettars memoir of, 81-85, 4-97 succes of, 98 Chicago Tes, $4, 59-76 editorial bias i, 59-1 chicago Ttane, $4, $9276 Chicago Worlds Fie, $5 child ear serves, 318) ‘ost of, 320-21, 346 government report on, 130, NOW. position paper on, 351-32 Clkovsky, Nicolai *O1d Tavern,” 178, 178(7) ‘Chi Liberties Act, 217 Gil Rights Act (1866), 2 Chil Rights Act (1964: see aso Senate speeches Impact of, 263-64 strategy for passing, 243-47 Tile I of, 248, 255-58, 262,263, Tite VI of, 286-59, 262,264, 316 ll rights movements, 27-28, ed Cleveland, Grover, 57,78 Clinton, Bil 280, 320, 346, cloture vote for Civil Rights Act, 246,247, "250, 26061, Senate cules for, 244, 264 Cobell, Elouise, 28, 51-52 Cohen, Rose Gollup, 78-79, ‘4, 97 ‘memoirs of, 81-84, 98 Outof the Shadow, 90-93 Index 373, cola Wat ‘Cuban missile criss in, 219-23, 238-41 end of, 312-14 fica arms race tn, 289-93, Collins, Wayne M., 207-8 comie trp, 322, 341, 410; see fle eatoons ‘Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of CCiitans, 217 Common Sense Bok of Baby and Chita Car, The Spock), 330 communism, 194,218, 289.90 Comprehensive Chita Development Act, 333-34, 346 Nixon's veto of, 3240, 333-34 Conc Nontor, 294-98 ‘congressional hearings, 1-28 analyzing, 26 background for, -4 smajouty report i, 22-24 minority eport in, 24-26 rest ofthe story, 27-28 Using the source, 4-8, 977-10. witness testimony In, 6-7, 90, 1-2 ‘conservationist, 30-31 ‘conserva art and 179, 180, 195 Feminis: movement and, 318, 320-21, 334 1970s tien, 277-80, 285, 267 Constitutional amendments Tourtenth, 27-28 Fitteent, 1,2 Nineteentn, 319 Equal ght Amendment, sues coniista (alladees), 1S), 183, 154-55 ‘ora, 148-89, 153-54; salsa folksongs Corso of the Uproted Ones, The ‘folk song) 17 ‘Cottman & Cottman Shipping advertisement, 13) Cowie Jetierson Stay’ ale, Introcution to, 272-75, 2764, 281-88, Crisis, The 101, 102-3, 10347 see ‘ls magazine advertisements advertising in, 104-6, 109-21 Current status of, 121374 Index Cuban missle rss, 219-23; 36 so presidential ees conferences 09, 239-41 popular culture treatments of, 223,241 cultural adaptation, Blackfeet Indian, 29, 32-35,35) cultural revolution, 1960s, 267, 270-71 Cause of Race Prejudice (Morton, Hi Curtis, Edwards, 34 Cat Bank Boarding Sebool, 47,50, 5040 Dalstsom, Gustaf, Nee River Mis, 175,177, 179 Dawes Severalty Act (1887), 32, 47, 1,52 Day fer The (TV fim, 291 Daytona Eaacational and Tadstrial School or Negro Girls acwertiemeat, 114, 1140) ebutes, labor union, 22-23, "24 325-27 seeaio Senate speeches Debs, Eugene V7, $8, 76 (Chicago strike and, 36 ‘national oycot an, 60, 68, 70 Strike closure and, 73-74 Deere, John, 189 Defense of the Emigeants (ol song), 1560, 162-64 defense spending, Reazan era, 290, 209-301 Democrats “lfrmative action and, 282, 283, Civil Rights Act ane, 243-47, 249-50, 254-60 congressional heathgs on Klan and, 5-7, 24-25, i Crow lave of, 23 1970s decline of, 279,280,285, 287 Republican colegtality with, 261-65 Voting Rights Act and, 263-64 eepressions ‘18005, 85-86, 79 ff 1930s, 121, 170-71, 175-76 detente, 289 Dewalt Stichigan), post office towal in, 180-81, 1810), Development of the Laad mut Jen), 1830, 185, 1850) Dewitt John Fina Report of, 206, 208, 208, 212, 213, 215-16 Japanese internment and, 199, "01 Koremats y ited States and, 207-10, 213-14 ales, 123-47 ‘analyzing, M4 backgroond fr, of Harbord, 128 fot Kennedy, 124, 129-0, 135-36, 45 rest ofthe story, 4-48 Df Straub, 123-24, 130, O44 oF Teo 124, 130, 137-39, us sing the source, 128-31, 13200 Ding, Porfirio, 149, 180,153 Dictaphone, 103 Dillon, Douglas, 22207) Digksen, Everett ‘Civil Rights Act and, 243-47, 2530, 260-61, Democrats and, 264-65, siseimination; se racial isermination: Sex discrimination Dobynin, Analy, 239 ofan, Stevan, Legend of James ‘aiand Hanan, 183(, 187, 1870) ‘Doonesbury (comic stip; Trudeau), 294 Douglas, William ©. 211 Sra, World Wa, 125 Dubin, Thomas, 83 Dis Bols, WEB. "The Crisis and, 101, 1037, 104, 120,121 \NAACPand, 100, 101 views and vision of, 100,102, 104-6, 120-21 Dunbar Company: Face Powder ‘advertisement, The, 1190) 25-28 Eagle Forum, 334 asuland, James O. Civil Rights Ac and, 2830, 1259-60, Judiciay Committe of 248, a0, 958, 255, 259 Eastman, George, 33 astvood, Clint, 303, Eon (magazine, 340 economic sues Tor Asian Americans, 101-3, 105 of 1890s, 55-56, 79, feminist movertent and, 320 of 1970s, 269, 270-71, 278-79, 283, 258-85 ‘Reagan ea, 290 Elson, Thomas, 108, editorial bis, 59-61 Educational Alliance, 97 EEOC (Equal Employment ‘Opportunites Commission), 316,331 “tymigran’s Farewell, An” (lk Song), 156(, 158-59 Emmons, Delos C, 210 employment; Se also women, work, and family backfeet Indian, 48,490) siserimination in, 288-58, 262 264,316, 320, 326-27 Mexican migrant, 19-52, 170-72 murals depicting, 11, 181(0, 1844-19300 do, Mitsuye, 202 Ennis, Edward, 215-16 Epstein, Dena Polacheck, 84,87 gual Employment Opportunities ‘Commission (EEOC), 316,331 equal Pay Act 264 equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 3035 Ervin, Sam, 249-50, 253(), 258 Estrada, Florencio, 810) Estrada, Fumencio, 51) ts, Matie Hall 97-98 ‘Resa: The Life ofan aan ‘range, 98-98, cengenes, 149 Evolution” (cartoon; Males 298(0, 311, 31100 Executive Committe of the ‘ational Seeuity Counel, 2224), 228)-2296) Cuban mise crisis and, 221, 223, 240 presidential tapes of, 224, 225-26, 230-39 Fay, Chases, 215-16 family; see women, work, and farnly Farnlly and Medical Leave Act (1993), 347 1 | i | |Family Assistance Plan, 333,334, 36 “Family at Sun Dance Encampment” (photograph, 3840, 46, 460) farming ‘Blackfeet Indians and, 32, 47-48, “Mexican workers and, 149-0, 171,172 ‘murals depicting, 185(), 1921-1984) Fearing, Jerry, “Reykjavik summit destroyed by Sta Wats,” 29840, 308, 308) Federal Arts Program, 176,177,186 Federal Food, Drag and Cosmetic ‘Act (1937), 288 federal government; seas ‘congressional hearings presidential tapes Supreme Court records ants funding by, 175-77, 194-96 Indian policy of, 29-30, 32, sis Japanese internment policy of, 198, 199-200 Jabor disputes and, $4, 85, 57-58, 1273, 75-76, Feminine Mystique, The (Fledam, 29 feminist movement, 269, 217-21 Friedan and, 389,347 ‘Ms. magazine and, 337, 3386) Ifteenth Amendment (US. Constitution, 1,2 sinastee ‘Civil Rights Act, 244, 246-48, 260 Senate cules for, 248 ‘na Report (DaWit), 206, 208, 208, 212,213, 215-16 ‘tu pandemic, MS folksongs, 48-74 ‘analaing, 170 background for, 148-52 est ofthe story, 170-73 ‘using th source, 152-55, 13000-15700 For Beta of For Worse (comic strip; Johnston), 3250), 341, 3410) Ford, Gerald, 287, Forewords, 274 seal book Tatroauetions Foster, Stephen, 177 Foster, William C, 2226) Fourteenth Amendment (US Constittion), 27-28 France, World Wat and, 124, 125-26, 126(f), 1270), 145, Frankfurter, Flix, 211 Franklin, Ben, 298-94 Freemasons, 3 Fre to Be You and Me album), 336 Fedan, Bet), 47 The Second Stage, 325(), 339 uentes, Ruel, Mevican American, 17 Garrett, Solomon, tonsoral ‘dvertiement, 1170), Garvey, Marcus, 120 Gatch, Lee, Tobacco Industry, 1830, 192(-1930) gender roles, 317-21, 344-5 General Managers Association (GMA), 56, 57, 74-76 Geneva summit, 291-92, 29219, 3064-3070) Germany unification of 312 World War and, 124, 125-28, 127m), 15 cau, 145, Gitpatric, Roswell, 222(7) Givens, Mervin, 9), 20-22 Glacier National Fat 30, 31-33, Blackfeet obs at, 49, 491) commercial photographs from, 134, 370, 3900-4300. _slaswost (openness), 291, 313 ‘GMA (General Managers Association), 56,87, 4-76 Goldwater, Barry, 25%¢) 261-63, 278 Gollup, Rose; see Cohen, Rase Gallup Gonzalez, Pedro, 148 Gonzalea, Xavier, Tress Vale “Autry, 1830), 188, 1880) ‘Goon, Yuri make my day... (cartoon; Peters, 2970, 303, 30340 Gorbachev, Mikhail 312 ‘Bush suits with, 313-14 ‘arts about, 296, 3054-8110) Reagan summits with, 291-93, 2924/) government reports, 322-23, 329030, seal federal government Gntf Gerad, 273 Index 375 ran, Urs. 4.27 Grane, ike, “The Soviets ae 2 tuna renin ra, 09, 3080 ret ep eum rb cn clon ana, 121 Meats deportation in 70-71 New Dual progeams in 135-76 Great None fatleny Company ‘ace potostaphs of 38,38, Ss a0 30) esiendr for 40,400 cl Savon Prk an, Sie, tabrste gpa, 57 Gren Soy oe, 198,320, Ss -Gretng fom Glce National ert potogaph), 3703 30 Grey, ze 43 Gens, arta, 3 Sropper Wim, 194 ‘toe ndtry, 81, 1810 habeas corpus, suspension of 4, §, 23,21,200 alfa Man Te Stats of the Nero InNew You (Ovington, 11640 al, Cara, “Parents Are People,” ‘254, 336-37 Hamilton, James Edward, 187, 1870) Handelsman, Wal, “Im Surprised at ho the president dealt ‘withthe Russians. "2970 302, 302/) Harbord James G, 128 Harding, Vitor, $4 Hayden, Cal, 152, 72-73 head tay, 0-51 Heat of ante Motel. United ‘Sites 263 Helsinki semmit, 313-15 Henry, Josph, 33 Henry Stet Settlement, 81, 84, 92-93, 98 Herrera-Sobek, Mara, 189,160, "He's got D eat tohave the strength to start reducing” (cartoon; Mazzotta), 2970, 300, 2007), “He, aye we should do this ‘ote aften” (cartoon; Rosen) 298) 307, 3070)376 Index ‘Higgins, Jack, “Say, here comes the ‘ew Blood now..." 2980, 4304, 3087), Hileman, Tomer, 43 Hirabayashi, Gordon, 202 lnabaysi United Sates, 206, 212-18. historians at, 179-80 1970s, 270 published works by, 272 historiography, 270,273 Holder, Erie, 31 Hotel Dale advertisement, 110() House of Representaties se also ‘congressional hearings African Americans and women in, 268 ‘cull Rights Act passage by, 283, 245 housewifery, 323, 327 Howard, George W, 64 74 Hugo, Vitor, 260 Hull House Setiement 81 closure of, 8 Polacheck memoir of 83-84, 37-90 Rosa Casetar and, 96 Humphey, Hubert (Civil Rights Act and. 243,248, 246-48, 252(0, 284, 256-58 death of, 364 Republican colesaity with, 268 Humphrey, Muse, 264 Hunter John, 19-20 Hussein, Saddam, 314 {Came a Stranger The Story of @ “uleouse Gil (olacbeck, 83-84, 87-90 “1Havea Dream" (pee King), 248, stlstations, Ms. magazine cover, 1337, 338(; se alo cartoons immigrants se also atoblogsaphies Japanese, 198 Jewish, 78,79, 84 Mexican, 148-82, 185, 172-73 neighborhood of, 807) settlement program fo, 81-82 ‘ 79-81 Iaws restricting. 98, 1S0-S1, 172, 198 Immigration and Nationallty Act (0965), 172 Imongration Corrido, The (folk song), v1 “rim suprised a how the president ‘eal withthe Russians (cartoon; Handelsman}, 2977, 302, 30200, “indian Powwow in Glacier ‘National Park" (photograph, 370, 40, 4000 Indians se Blackfeet inans; "Native Americans: photographs Indian Teust Fund, 29,32 industrial work, murals depicting, 181, 181(, 1844), 188(0-18%0, 1910) International Realty Corporation advertisement, 12/9 {Internment Japanese American, 197-201, 215 introductions, book ee book ‘troduction rag, 344 Irons, Peter, 215-17 ‘ssl (Japanese immigrants), 8 Jackson, Robert, 213-18 Jackson Specialty Company ‘advertisement, 1110) Japanese American Citizens’ ‘League, 210,217 Japanese Americans ‘compensation of, 216-17 {Internment of, 197-201, 215 Supreme Court on, 201,202, 204, 214-16 Jemne, Esa, Development of the ‘ane, 183/185, 1850) Jenkins, Philip, 272,277 Jets, immigration of, 78,79, 84 Sim Crow las, 28. Johnson, Lyndon 8. ‘Civil Rights Act and, 145,243, 24, 246, 247, 254 lection of, 261,263, Executive Committee and, 22/0) Great Society programs of, 195, 320,333 Johnston, Lyin, Fer Better or For Worse, 325(0, 341, 3410) Joint Select Committe to Inquire ‘into the Candliion of Afais inthe Late Insureecionary, States, 4-7 majority report of, 10), 22-24 minority repot of, 10@), 24-25 witness testimony heard by, 6-7 11-22 Julian, Pau Hull Orange Picking, 1830, 192(0-19340) Justice Department, Koremats Unie States and, 206-7, 215, 216 Just One More Hug (Johnston), 341 Kain, Michael, 277 Keefe, Mike, "Lite Ronnie Reagan ‘id ns imaginary fiend, 29840, 309, 3090) Kennedy, Bugene, 125 ‘lary of, 124, 128-30, 1320, 133-36, M5 postwar life of, 4S ‘St Mintel offensive and, 127-28 Kenneds; Jacqueline, 223 Kennedy, John F ats spported by, 195 assassination of, 245, Bay of Figs an, 219-21, 226 (Civil Rights Act and, 244 ‘commission on stats of women of 319, 329-30 (Cuban missile risis and, 219-23, 240-41 election of, 287 Executive Committee and, 222(7) (Operation Mongoose and, 220 presidential tapes with, 224-26, 2284), 230-39 Richard Russell and, 258, taping system of, 224 Kennedy, Robert F ‘Cuban missle crisis and, 219, 221,223, 239, Executive Committe and, 22219) presidential tapes with, 225,225, 2294), 232, 234, 236,238 Keppler, Joseph, 294 Keyser, Frances, 1140) Khrushchev, Nikita Cuban missle ists and, 221, 222-23, 225, 232-34, 237 yclear arms race and, 220, 240-41King, Martin Luther Je, 121,244, 285 Knoxville College advertisement, 1180) Koremats, Fred, 200(7) fartest of 197,199 ‘exoneration of, 235-17 Korematsu-Halgh, Karen, 217 orematsi Insite for Civil Rights and Education, 217, Koremats ¥ Unit States; see aso Supreme Court records reversal of, 215,216 ruling in, 201, 202 uchal, Thomas, 246, 247,252, 254, 257,260, au Klux Klan, 1-4, 3) 5; see aso ‘congressional hearings ‘Mexican immigeants and, 149 2orh-century revival of, 27 ‘witness testimony on, 6-7, 9, 11-22 Ku Klux Klan Act fect of, 23,27 psec 37.46 labor pool, Mexican, 149-52, 170, 72 labor unions; se alto American allway Union; newspaper articles Pullman strike legitimizing, 76, 191 1970s changes i, 281, 283-84, 286-87 railroad, 95-57 Reagan and, 285 stekes by, 54 57, 286-87 UUAW-CIO debate, 322-23, 240, 526-27 United Farm Workers, 172 United Mine Workers, 57,192 Lads’ Home Jounal magazine), 316 ‘advice column in, 330-31 Teter editor in, 327 surveys in, 328-29, 346, Lamberth, Royce G52 legal precedent, setting, 201,202 Leger of Jones Edvard Bontton— Rareooe Matlman mural Dohanos) 1830), 187, 1870) Lenson, Michiel, Minty, 185°, 194, 1910) lees to the editor, 322-23, 3240, ‘3? Lewis John L191 beri feminlst movement and, 320-21 1970s, 267-68, 287 post-World War Il, 277-79 Republican faction of, 27 Lbertatians, feminism and, 320, Lincoln, Abraham, 261 Lincoln, Evelyn, 223,24 leracy test, 130-51, "Little Ronnie Reagan and his Imaginary friend” (cartoons Keefe), 298(), 309, 09() Los Angeles, Mexican community in, 8 Lovett, Robert, 24 lynching, 101, 102 Lynn, Loretta, 272,277 ‘MacNelly, Jet, 293 ‘Mowdame CJ. Walker ‘Manufacturing Company advertisement, 18,1180, ‘Mad Plume, Albert 48, 480) ‘Mad Plume, Susan, 48, 48(), Mad Plame Family Harvest {photography 380), #8, 45() magizine advertisements, 100-122 ‘analyzing, 120, ‘background for, 100-103 for beau and fashion, 1170)-119(), for economic opportunities, Mid-1130), for education and rain pide, 114-1170) for housing, 108()-1100) rest ofthe sory, 120-21, using the soure, 103-7, 108, magazine articles, 322, 328-31, 340, 346 magazine cover, Mi (Wosk), 3250, 337, 3380) Majeskt, joe, “Evolution” (cartoon), 298%, 311, 3110) Matea summit, 313 Mansfeld, Mike, 246,287, 2520, 254-35, 258 ‘Mapletharpe, Robert, 195 Mapp, Karen, 344 Marland, Mike, 294-95 ‘Marsh, Reginala, Sorting the Ma, nag 190, 1900), Martin, Edwin, 280), 231 Index 377 Martin Marietta Corporation, 316 Maula, Bil, 294 Mazzota Jim, "He's got to eat to hnaveihe strength to start, reducing” 297,300, 300() Mecarthy investigations, 98 ‘MeCloy, John, 216 McCone, Jon, 222/9) ‘McCrary, lsnam, 19. McCullough, William, 245, 246 MeDonald, Lawrence, 302 ‘MeMila, John, 19,20, ‘Menlilar, Kennedy, 18,20, ‘Mena, Lucy 91), 18-20 ‘Memillan, Robert, 20 ‘MeNamata, Rober S. ‘Exeertve Commitee and, 222(/) presidental tapes with, 226, 228i), 230-34 Meet the ress (TV programy), 243, remot, 2-83; seealo autobiographies smemory libility of, 83 ten, roles for, 318, 344-45 Mencken, HL. 294 ‘Mervin Survie, James, 70,71 Meuse-Argonne battle, 124, 126(9, 127, 27m, 128, 133, Kennecy on, 128, 134-36 Straub on, 123, 141-42 “eile on, 138-39 Meucan American (Puente; folk song 173 Mexican Farm Labor Program, 161, 171 Mexican Revolution, 150,153 “Mexicans(Mexican Americans; ee ‘ofl songs eplctons of, 149,152, 155 {deportation of, 170-71 SImagation by, 148-52, 155, W273 aber pool of 149-52, 170, we “Mexicans Who Speak English” lk song), 1870, 166 Milles, Ket, Race Adjustment, 16() ‘Millean, Edward, lowshare Mannacturing, 183,189, 18949 Mining (mara; Lenson),183( 191, 1910, {letter to eater, 3240, 327378 Index modern at, 180, 194-85 ‘Moeller, Christopher Ni 34445 MomsRising.com, 346 Marin, Richard “The Pos Fatigue 3250, 344-85 ‘Morton James F, Curse of Race Proud, 1160) Moscow suminits, 293,311, 314 mother, role of 317-21; see al? women, work, and familY Ms. Foundation, 336 Ms. magazine cover (Wash), 3250 337, 3380) ‘nurs, post office, 175-96 ‘analyzing, 198,321 background for, 175-79 rest of te story, 194-96, using the source, 179-82, 1830 Murvin (Mervin), james, 70, 72 MX mise, 299,299), 22 Nast, Thomas, 294 National Association for the ‘Advancement of Colored eople (NAACP), 100, 101-2! sevalso Gry, The campaigns and goais of 101 102,104, 120,121 founders of 101, 103, 126 National Endonment the AP (NEA) 185-96 atonal ‘ack, 120 Mexican, 183,154 National Labor Ration’ Act 11835) 91 Nationa Manpower Counetl, 31° Natonat Maseum or ehe AmeTIEA Indlan, 34 National Negro Doll Company avertiement, 1170 National Opinion Research Cem" Toll Women, Work, an Family, 325, 342-13, 34200, sai?) National Organization for Wome” (Now), 319,320 Fredanands399 | aga-32 tion paper of, 3240, 331 ative Americans sera BaCKIESt ‘isan photogsaP sre photographing, 33-34 immigration and, 7, 98 Japanese and, 198-99 Mexicans and, 14,150, 152,158 [NEA (National Endowment fr the Art), 195-96 ‘Negro River sie (nua Dalston), 177 Network le, 269 New Dea als murals, post ofice posta Uberalis an, 279 progtams of, 175-76, 188 Success of, 179 tinions and, 191 New Right, feminism and, 320 nesters, palit, 322-23, 33435. newspaper articles, S477 sanaljaing, 74-75 Thckgrosnd for, 4-58 Chicago strike and, 68-67 federal troops and, 72-73 rational Boyeot aed, 67-71 rest ofthe story, 75-76 slrke closure an, 73-74 ‘sing the source, 38-61, 20-680) ‘on women, work and family, Hea? newspapers torial bins in, 59-60 Iothvcentury urban, 38-58 New York City, Lower Eat Se, 809,90 ‘New You Times, 267,346, 347 Nineteenth Amendment (US, Constitution), 319 rise Japanese Americans 198, "200-207 Nite, Paul H, 22247, 2290), 235, 336 Nixon Richard M, 268-69 ‘Comprehensive Child ‘Development Act veto by, 24), 333-34 «economic Keology of, 280, amily Assistance Plan of, 333, 33, 346 Kennedy's defeat of, 287 presidential tapes of 223, facial discrimination and, 263 ‘working women and, 316, 320 1360, 161-62 N.0.W; see National Organization for Women nuclear arms eae; se aso cartoons; residential tapes Bushs “new world order” and, nat Cuban missle xsi and, 219-23, 240-41 Reagan-Soviet dalogue about, 269-93 NY. & NJ, Industeial Exchange advertisement, 1120) yanza Drug Company & ‘Pharmacy advertisement, 1130) ‘obama, Barack, 264 ‘Onama administration, Blackfeet Indians and, S1-82 ‘o'connor, Caroll, 268(7, 286 Of Chil Wrongs and Rights: The Frat oremats Story, 217 Otic of Economic Opportunity (OO), 233, less, 269,270 “old Ration Place” (photograph), 3840, 44, 440 “Od Tavern” (ural; Cikovsky), 178, 1789) Operation Mongoose, 220, opinions, Supreme Court, 202— 2 Onan Picking (ura: iam, 183(), 192()-193(0 ‘outof the Shadows Russian lewis “irhoo om the Lower East Side (Cohen), 90-93 covergeneralzation, 105-6 Ovingean, Mary White, Haifa Man, 16, 160 Pale of Settlement, 73 ‘parents Are People (song: Hall 3254), 336-37 Park, Robert E, 210 Patel, Marilyn Hall, 216 Patriot Act, 215 Payton, Philip A, Je, company ‘advertisement, 109) Pear Harbor, 197-59 Pens, Manuel H, 19 perestta (economic etructuring), 291,313 Pershing John 125, 127-28,Personal Responsibility and Work ‘Opporunity Reconciliation ‘Act (1996), 321,346 Peters, Mike, “Go om, Yur, make iy day ...," 2970, 308, 3030), Philip A. Payton, fe, Company ‘dvertisement, 1099). Pups td, 316-18, 320 Philips, Kevin, 282 photographs, 29-53 analyzing, background for, 29-33, rest ofthe story, 51-82 technological advances in, 33-34 using the souree, 33-36, 370-38) Phys Scary Report, The, 3240, 331-33 Plerte-Louis, Rose, 344 Pingrey, HJ, 66-57 Pivotal Decade: How the United States Traded Factories for Finance ‘he Seventies (Stein), 272-75, 276¢0, 277-81 Pls Ferguson, 100-101, 121 Plowshare Manufacturing (ual: ‘Millman, 183(), 18%, 18940) Poincaré, Raymond, 134 Pointer, Samuel T, 9, 11-13 Polacheck, Hilda Sat, 78-79, 81, 97, 1 Came a Stanger: The Story of ‘ul fuse Gil, 83-88, 87-90 memoirs of, 82-83, 98 Polacheck, Wiliam, 90, 97, Poland, Luke P, 22-24 "Poltcs of Fatigue, The’ (Morin and Rosenfeld), 325, 344-45 Pollock, Jackson, 180 position papers, 322-23, 231-32 Postman bv Storm mal, Tab, 1830, 185, 18640 Post ofices, construction of, 176 See also murals, post office precedent, setting legal, 201, 202 prefaces, 274; se alo book introductions presidential message, 322, 324(0, 331-34 presidential tapes, 219-42 analyzing, 239 bckgroun for, 219-23, excerpts fom, 225-26, 230-39 Fest of the story, 239—41 ting the sore, 223-27, 22840-2290) President's Commission on the Status of Women, 31, 329-30 progressives, 79-80 Provident Hospital and Tiaining ‘School for Colored Nurses advertisement, 15() Public art 179-82; be aso murals, postotfice funding for, 175-77, 194-06 ‘message in, 180-81 styleand content of, 179-80 Pullman (linos, 5, 37) Pullman, Florence, 36 Pullman, George, 58 (Chicago strike and, $6, 61-66 national boycott and, 57,67, 68 US. Stake Commission report on, 75,76 Pullman Land Association, 5S Pullman Palace Car Company, 54, 85,567, 58 Pullman strike, 54-77; see alo newspaper articles In Chicago, $6, 64-67 (Chicago Times versus Tune on, $3976 Closure of, 73-74 editorial bias on, 59-1 federal troops and, 72-73 length of, 60 national boycott and, 60-61, orl outcome of, 75-76 quorum, calling 9,247 ace Adjustment (Mile), 160 racial discrimination, 244-45, ‘245() books on, 1160) Du Bois versus Washington on, 100, 10-3 Inemployment, 258-89, 262, 28 Immigration poley and, 172, 98 Japanese Americans and, 198-99 legislation prohibiting, 244, 248 Mexican immigrants and, 139, 130,152, 188 Steet seratin principle for, 201 Voring Rights Act and, 263-64, Index 379 racial segregation, 244-45, 245) ‘economic, 103,105 NAACT challenge to, 101, 102, 120,121 4n pubic accommodations, 244, 1245), 248, 255-60 in schools and housing, 268, 281-83 Supreme Couet lings on, 100-101, 121, 263, 282 tacial viokence i Reconstruction South, 1-4, 3). in 20th century 27,101,102 radio, cords 00, 18, 153 adios and Chicane elk song), 137 167-08 | ‘aeside, Alan, 295, 295() nilroads: sc also Great Norteen allway Company; newspaper articles General Managers’ Association (fe, 57, 78-76 national boycott of, $4 5 39-6,, 6771 unionization of, $5-57 “Ranch, Tae” Folk song), 187( Reagan, Nancy, 293, Reagan, Rona se aso cartoons, paltzal cil Liberties Act signed by, 217 defense policy of, 289-91, 13 ‘lection af, 277-79, 287,203 Feminist movement and, 820 Gorbactey sums with, 291-8, 2931) racial discrimination and, 263 socioeconomic policies of 285, "287,240 Reagan and Gorbachev emerging ‘oma misileas doves" (cartoon; Wallmeyee, 298%, 310, 1009 Reaganomes, 290 Reconstrction: se also congesslonal earings federal policies for, 2-3, 5,27 Klan activity during, kh, 3) recording industry, cavids in, 148 153 “Red Bandanas" (olk song), eed, Roland, 34380 Index Reed, Stanley, 211 Regionalist artists, 179, 80 Republicans back oF Radical, 17 Civil Rights Act and, 248-47, 257, 260-63 congressional heating on Klan and, 4 $97, 22-24 ‘Cuban missle isi and, 220 Democrat collegiality with, 264-65 sdeological shift among, 27,261 Klan violence against, 1-4 1970s ise of, 279-80, 287 realignment of, 253-08 resources of meric aa Shab. ‘nd Bryson), 184 Reykjavik suri, 292-93, 30800, "Reykjavik summit destroyed by ‘Star Wars” feartoon: Faring), 298(0, 308, 3081), itr, The ual: Spakm), 1830, 184, 1840 Roberts, Owen J, 212 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 14,329 Roosevelt, Franklin D. Tapanese internment soley of, 199,201, New Deal of, 175-76, 178,180, 188 presidential tapes of, 223 Supreme Court appointments by, IL Roosevelt, Theodore, 79 Rosas The Life of a aan migrant (Cassttan, 35 recounted by Eig, 93.96, Rosen, Hy, “Hey, maybe should do this more often,” 298, 307, 30710 Rosenfeld, Megan, "The Politics of Tatiguey” #2500), Mt-45 Runnells Johns. 66 Rusk, Dean Executive Committe and, 2221f) presidental tes ith, 22840, 231,232, 234-36 Rasel, Richard, 246,217, 2824, 255, 265, Rassa/Soviet Union: aso cartoons, political presidental tapes huss "new world order” for, 313-14 Cuan missle crisis and, 219-23, 259-41 aisolution of, 312-13 persecution of Jews in, 79 ‘World War Vand, 124,125 Austin, Bayatd, 281 Rutledge, Wiley, 211 Salinger, Pete, 234 Sande, Bl, "Cait you seem trying to fill hoe,” 297% 299, 2994) Sot, Hil; Se Polacheck, Hilda sate Satan Nigh Fever im), 272 ay, here comes the ne blood ave..." cartoon; Higgins), 2984), 304, 3040) chi Jacob, 84 Schlaty, Pils, “What's Wrong, with Equal Rights’ or Women” $2419, 334-38 school desegregation, 268, 281-83 Schulman, Bruce, 272, 278,27 Seorcese, Matin, 277, Scott John, 6, 1-14, 16-19 Seott, Robert ey 12 Seott Maxwell, Horida, "Women Know They Ave Not Men 324i, 228-29 Sy; see strategic defense Initiative S00) ‘Seco tae, The Eriedan), 3250, 339 Section at, 179,180, 184, 184() Segregation; racial segregation Senate se also congressional, earings African Americans and women in, 264 cloture rate, 24, 284 Committee earings i, 248 furtent climate i 254-65 senate Judiciary Commitee, 248, 249,254, 255, 259 senate speeches, 243-65 ‘nalyaing, 262-63, 322 ‘background for, 243-47 ‘excerpts fom, 249-50, 254-62 fest of the story, 263-65 Using the source, 243-51, 25241-2580) ‘Chicago Commons, 84-85, 31-98 Edveationat Alliance, 97 Henry Steet, 84, 92-83 Hull House, 83-84, 87-90, 96 sucess of 82, 98 Seventies: The Geat Shift n American Cults, Society and Pts, The (Schulman), 278 *seming Clas atthe Cut Bank ‘Boarding Schoo (photograph, 384, $0, 50¢) sex discrimination in employment, 258-59, 262, 264,316, 320, 326-27 feminist movement against, 7-21 shat, Ben, The Rete, 1830, 184, 1840) sharp, Willie, Je, 52 Should Mothers Work? (Spock), "240, 330-31 “shuld We Expect Black Women to Be Supermathers? (Tat), 32540, 340 Sitver Spring (Maryland, post ‘fice mural, 178, 1787) Slaughterhouse Cases Supreme Court), 27 Smithsonian Institution, 34 Soctal attitudes, analysis of sources ‘on, 321-23 Social Realist artists, 179, 160-81, 194 songs, $22, 336-37; see as folk songs Sorensen, Theodore, 2224 234, 236, 237-38 Sorting de Mail ural Marsh, 183, 190, 1907), sources sao specif sources ‘tiple types of, $21-28, pelmary, $8, 82-83, 271 Secondary, 271-72 south desegregation of 263, Klan activity in, 14, 300) party realignment in, 253-64 Facial segregation in, 100-101, 2807 South Carolina, Klan violence in, 1-2,27 “soviet ate « bunch of bid, murdering. The" (cartoon; Graston), 298%, 306, 3060) Soviet Union: se RusiaSoviet Union 2200,“Spearfishing in Glacier National Park” (photograph), 371 42, 220) Sphinx Hansope advertisement, 106, 1064) Spock, Dr: Benjamin, “Shouts ‘Mothers Wark?” 224, 330-31, stagflation, 269,320, Star Wars; se strategie defense initiative states lvl rights protection by, 28 Stayin lve: The 19705 and the Last ‘Days ofthe Working Css (Cowie, 272-75, 276, 21-85 Stein, Judith, Phot Decade, preface 4, 272-78, 276(, 277-81, Stennis, John, 38240, 288-36 Stevenson, Adla, 238 Stevenson, Job, 1615, 20-21 St Joseph, Missouri, post office ‘mural in, 178,177,179 St Mite battle, 127-28, 1270), 3 Kennedy on, 153-34 Straub on, 10-4 “eile on, 157 Stone, Horan, 211 sratpie defence initiative (SDN, 20 toons about, 296, 305(, 308-3097) Reagan-Goebachev sueimits on, 21-93 Straub, Elmer, 125,126 ‘lary of, 123-24, 130, 1221, 140-34 postwar le of, 144 St Mitel offensive and, 127-28, stuet serutiny principle, 201 stents with The Harvest” “photoxraph, 380,47, 470) Suede tnpat rn), 303 Sun Dance, Blackfeet, 32-33, 45,46 Supreme Cour cords, 197-218 analyzing, 214-15, bhackground for, 197-201, bret in, 202-3, 206-10 opinions in, 202—4, 211-14 Fest ofthe story, 215-17, using the source, 201-5, 208(0 Supreme Couet rulings ‘on Eugene Debs, 76 ‘on Fourteenth Amendment, 228 ‘on Japanese internment, 201, 202,208, 214-16 fon Martin Maret, 316, popular opinion versus, 202 precedent set by, 201, 202 ‘n racial segregation, 100-101, 121, 263,282, “Surely they not beso stupid as ‘o keep on coming!” (entoons Atle), 297,301, 014), surveys, 322, 328-29, 242-43, 309, 3309) ‘Swann x. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education, 282 “Tabor, Robert, Postman ina Storm, 1830, 186, 1860) Tate, Claudia, “Should We Expect Black Women to Be Supetmothers?” 3250), 340 “yl, Graham, #1, 94,96, “Tailor, Maxell Executive Committee and, 222(f) Presidential tapes wit, 2260), 232-14, 238-39 Tennesse Valley Authority (mara Gonzae2), 183(), 188, 1880) terrorism, Ku Klux Klan and, 1-4, 4p They Say ISay2 The Moves That ‘Mate cade Writing (Grattand Birsenstein), 273 ‘Thirteon Days (iim), 223, ‘Thomas, Mario, 335 ‘Thompson, Llewellyn "Tommay™ Executive Committee and, 2224/) presidential tapes with, 22910, 232-33, 236-38) ‘Thomson, Eis Kian violence against 1,4 testimony of, 90), 16-18 ‘Thomson John, 21,22 ‘Thurmond, Stom, 253), 258-59 Tobe dase nate: Gate, 1830, 19201-1930), 193 Toledo, Don fess, 172 Treasury Department, Fine Arts ‘Section of, 176-81, 198 ‘Trible, Joh, 125,125 ‘lary of 124, 130, 132(, 137-39, MS post rar He of 145 Se Mibfl offensive and, 127-28 ‘nie Jona Bowes, 138, 129 “ile, Orie Bele 138, 139 Index 381 Trudeau, Gary, 294 Traman, Harry, 145,290 Turkish border, missles on, 223, 225,236, 237-39 Turner, Cauds, 1, 16,17 ‘Two Gurs White Call Reading” ‘phorograph, 370) 13, 30 Union of Auto, Aerospace, and ‘grill Implement Workers of America (UAW- C10), 3240, 325-27 unions: labor unions United arm Workers, 172 United Mine Workers of America, United Nations, 221,223 Unite Stas Crash, 27-28 "US. bargaining chip The Soviet. iangining chip, chip, chip, ‘hip The” (earoons Asa, 2974, 305, 30840 US. Strike Commission report, 15-76 Yan Teun, Piladelph 7, 12-14, a Vernon, Oy. and Mrs, 1 ‘Nersesofthe Bet itd Worker otk song), 1570, 165-66 ‘Vietnam War, 268-70 Villa, Oswald Garrison, 103 Volcke, Pal, 281 voting rights ‘Atlan American, 2, 28,100, 101 legislation for, 244, 263-64 {in Reconstruction South, 1-4 Voting Rights Act, 253-04 ald, Lian, 81, 8, 92 Walker, Madame C.J, 118, 1186 Willae, George, 282, 282 Wallmeyer, Dick, Reagan and GGorhcchev emerging trom & sie as doves, 298(0), 310, 3109) Warsaw Pact, 312, 313, wartime dries; davies wartime irternmemt, Japanese “American, 197-207, 215; see also Supreme Court records ‘asningten, Booker F101 102, 104, 103382 Index ‘Washington D.C, Reagan (Gorbachev summit in, 298, 3104) Washington Past, 3448 ‘Watergate scandal, 223, 24,258, "260, 270, weapons development, World War 1125; se also nuclear arms welite reform, $21,346 "what's Wrong with ‘Equa Rights for Woonen’” Schlafly), 2240, 3H3s ‘white Rose Working Gi ‘svertisement, 110 white supremacy, 2, 27,19, 102 "Why Feminists Want ChildCare” (NOW, postion paper, s24qy, 331-32 Witberovee Univesity ‘svertsement, 14/0 ‘watson, Donald, 22209 Wilbon, Woodrow, 79, 124 twoman sufrage movement, 319 womens se alo autobiographies; sex cisrimination civil Rights Act and, 264 fr Congress, 264 progressive, 80-81 i Home roles for, 317-21, 3444S work and, 3170) _awomen, work, an family, 316-49 Sinalzing sources on, 345 Smtices on, 340, 344-45 thsckground for, 316-20 books 0, 339 children’s songs on, 336-37 ‘comie stip on, 341, 3410 fovernment report on, 329-20, Sind Ms. magazine, 337, 3360) political newsletter on, 334-35, positon paper on, 331-32 presidential message on, 333-34 Fest ofthe story, 346-47 Slatlstis on, 3177) surveys on, 328-29, 34243, 34209, 38300 UUAW-ClO debate and, 326-27 tsing multiple sources on, 321, 323, 32400-32540) “women know They Ate Not Men: ‘When Will Business Learn “This Valuable Secret and ‘range Women’s Work Conditions Accordingly? (GeottMaxwell) 328-29 ‘Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 97 women’s liberation moverent see feminist movement work see employment labor ‘unions women, work, and family ‘world’s Columbian Exposition, 85 ‘World Wat I, 123-28; se also ‘dares casualties of, 145 Meuse-Argonne battle of, 123-24, 126(), 127, 1270) 128 St Mie atte of, 127-28, zim) US. entry into, 124-25 Word War IL “japanese internment 197-201, 215 Mexican labor nd, 171 public art and, 194-95, ‘Wosk, Miriam, Ms magazine cover, 3254, 337, 3380), Yasul, Minoru, 202 yellow journalism, 9 ‘Zacharias, John, 7 Zienmerman, John, 21,22